Write a research report based on a hypothetical research study.  Conducting research and writing a report is common practice for many students and practitioners in any of the behavioral sciences fields.

A research report, which is based on scientific method, is typically composed of the different sections listed below:

1. Introduction: The introduction states a specific hypothesis and how that hypothesis was  derived by connecting it to previous research.
2. Methods: The methods section describes the details of how the hypothesis was tested and clarifies why the study was conducted in that particular way.
3. Results: The results section is where the raw uninterpreted data is presented.
4. Discussion: The discussion section is where an argument is presented on whether or not the data supports the hypothesis, the possible implications and limitations of the study, as well as possible future directions for this type of research.

Together, these sections should tell the reader what was done, how it was done, and what was learned through the research.  You will create a research report based on a hypothetical problem, sample, results, and literature review.  Organize your data by creating meaningful sections within your report. Make sure that you:

• Apply key concepts of inferential hypothesis tests.
• Interpret the research findings of the study.
• Examine the assumptions and limitations of inferential tests.
• Develop a practical application of the research principles covered in this course.

Focus of the Research Report

To begin, create a hypothetical research study (you do not have to carry out the study; you will just have to describe it) that is based on the three pieces of information listed below.  Once you have your hypothetical study created, write a three- to four-page research report (excluding title and reference pages) that outlines the study.  You are encouraged to be creative with your research study, but be sure to follow the format outlined below and use a writing style that is appropriate for scholarly research reports and adhere to APA formatting as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.

Your hypothetical research study should be based on the following information:

• Recent research has indicated that eating chocolate can improve memory.  Jones and Wilson (2011) found that eating chocolate two hours before taking math tests improved scores significantly.  Wong, Hideki, Anderson, and Skaarsgard (2009) found that women are better than men on memory tests after eating chocolate.
• There were 50 men and 50 women who were randomly selected from a larger population.
• A t-test was conducted to compare men and women’s performance on an assessment after eating chocolate. The results showed an independent t-test value of t .05(99) = 3.43; p < .05

Your research study must contain the following:

1. Title Page
   1. Title of your report
   2. Your name
   3. The course
   4.  Instructor
   5. Date
2. Introduction
   
   1. Introduce the research topic, explain why it is important, and present the purpose of the paper and the research question and hypothesis.
   2. Discuss how this study is related to other research on the topic.
   3. Elaborate on the information from the references you were given.  State how they relate to your hypothesis.
   4. Your introduction must:
      • Consist of a paragraph explaining what you are studying and why. Use previously cited research to explain your expectations and discuss how those expectations led to your hypothesis.
      • State a clear and testable hypothesis and whether it is one-tailed or two-tailed.
      • Make sure it is understandable to someone who has not read the rest of your pape yet.State the null hypothesis.
      • Include a justification of the direction of your hypothesis.  In other words, explain why you chose the direction of your hypothesis if it is one-tailed (e.g., previous research suggests that people with big feet are more likely to score higher on math  tests; therefore the hypothesis is one-tailed) or if it is two-tailed (e.g., previous research is not clear on which group will perform better; therefore, the hypothesis is two-tailed).
      • Describe why this study is important.
3. Method
   1. Design: State the experimental design of your study, the independent and dependent variables, and what the task was (e.g., what you had the participants do).
   2. Participants: Identify and describe your sample, how the participants were selected to be in the study, and why you chose them.  Provide details for how each individual was assigned to each group.
   3. Procedure: Describe the precise procedure you used to conduct this research (i.e., exactly what you did).  It should be clear enough that anyone could replicate your study.  This is the subsection where you tell the reader how you collected the data.
   4. Data Analysis: Describe the statistical procedure used in the study to analyze the data.
4. Results. In this section, you will describe the statistical results:
   1. State the statistical tests that were used.
   2. Justify the choice of test.
   3. State the observed value and significance level and whether the test was one or two tailed.
   4. State your conclusion in terms of the hypothesis.
   5. Did you accept or reject the null hypothesis?
5. Discussion: Discuss your results as they relate to your hypothesis.
   1. Did you accept the hypothesis or reject it?
   2. Compare your results to the previous studies mentioned in the introduction. Are your results similar or different? Discuss why.
   3. Tell the readers what your findings mean. Why did you get the results you did?
      • Identify limitations to your study.
      • Suggest ways your study could be improved.
      • Suggest ideas for future research, not just a continuation of your study, but research that is similar to this study. Perhaps one of the variables could be changed or a different sample could be investigated.
      • Finish with a concluding paragraph that is a statement of your findings and the key points of the discussion.
6. Conclusion: Write a paragraph detailing your experience with writing a research report. Discuss how easy/difficult it was to write a false report that reads like real results, and how this experience might affect you review research in the future. Do you think this experience will provide you with a useful skill in your potential career?
7. References: You will create a minimum of three fictitious references in the following format based on the information you have created in the preceding sections of the report:
   1. Author, A., & Author, B. (Publication year). Title of the article. Journal Name, volume number(issue number), page numbers.
   2. Example: Jones, A., & Williams, B. (2013). Why monkeys are good pets. Journal of Silly Science, 23(4), pp. 221-222.

You may access the The Critical Thinking Community website for tips on how to formulate your report in a logical and meaningful manner.

Writing the Research Report

The Assignment:

1. Must be three to four double-spaced pages in length (excluding title and reference pages) and formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.
2. Must include a title page with the following:
   1. Title of paper
   2. Student’s name
   3. Course name and number
   4. Instructor’s name
   5. Date submitted
3. Must document all sources in APA style, as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.
4. Must include the sections with the appropriate headings and content listed above.
5. Must include a separate reference page, formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.

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Applying Theory: Environmental Issues

Your goal for this assignment is to apply an ethical theory to a real-world situation. You will examine an environmental issue and apply one of the ethical theories to understand how human interactions with the natural environment raise ethical concerns. You will do this by preparing and posting a PowerPoint slideshow consisting of 12 slides and a separate section under each slide for notes.

PLEASE CAREFULLY READ AND FOLLOW THE STEPS EXACTLY!!!!

• Choose the following topic/issue and read about it at the indicated place:
  • Environmental justice/environmental racism (Article: Environmental Justice for All) SEE ATTACHMENT ARTICLE
• Select one philosophical theory (utilitarianism, deontology, or virtue ethics). Consider the following questions pertaining to the theory you have selected:
• What does the theory tell us about how things operate in the real world?
• What is the focus of the theory? That is, what aspects of everyday life (or what questions) does the theory address?
• The focus (or questions) helps you think about the topical boundaries of the theory. This course is about ethics and social responsibility, so you should concentrate on the ethical and moral aspects of the theory and of the topic you are analyzing. It may help to think in terms of different realms or institutions. Does the theory help to explain people’s behavior from a political, economic, religious, or ethical perspective? Try to sort through everything that does not represent an ethical question, and address only the ethical issues.
• How does the theory simplify complex issues to make them more understandable? Another way to think about this is to consider the elements or concepts that make up the theory. Identify the concepts and how they are related to each other.
• Develop one thesis question that applies your philosophical theory to your environmental issue. You will address this question in developing an argument that links the theory to the issue (through your notes and pictures), so make sure you word your question carefully to accomplish this task. Indicate this thesis question on your second slide (the one after the title slide).
• Next, develop an ethical argument that addresses your question. Use the text and/or look for academic sources to support your position. Build your argument by writing nine sentences. Each sentence should make one important point about the ethical aspects of the environmental issue you are analyzing and should be placed on one slide each.
• Underneath each slide you will also add presentation notes. The notes are written information that you would normally say or share with an audience during a presentation, but that they do not actually see on the slide. Your notes should also make use of at least two academic sources and elaborate on the image and sentence in each slide.
• To add notes to your slide, go the section at the bottom of each slide in Power Point and click on the option that says “Click to add notes.” Type your notes into that section.
• Make sure your presentation focuses on ethical arguments and avoids personal opinion, arguments based on politics, economics, religion, or topics other than ethics.
• Find a photo to illustrate each slide, and post the photo on the slide above the sentence. Search the Internet for photos that are appropriate. Make sure the photos you use are not copyright protected; you should only use photos that are in the public domain. Also, make sure you cite the sources from which you retrieved your photos directly underneath the photo on each slide.

The slideshow should be 12 slides long; one slide for title page, one for the thesis question, nine slides for your arguments (i.e., main sentences) and notes, and one slide for your references. You should use at least two academic sources other than the textbook as references. All citations and references must be in the APA format. This assignment must be submitted as a PowerPoint presentation. Please review the Sample PowerPoint presentation. Other formats (i.e., PDF files, Word documents, etc.) are not acceptable.

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s you may know, the Baby Boomers, those persons born between 1946-1964, are beginning to reach age 65. This clearly has implications for entitlement programs such as Social Security and Medicare. There will also be an increased strain on our healthcare system.

Research tells us that many families provide care for aging adults within their own homes due to the very high cost of placing older adults in institutions. 76% of all informal primary caregivers for older adults are women. In fact, data indicate 1 in 4 ladies in this class may well spend more than 10 years caring for an elderly family member.

Have any of you experienced this situation in your own families? Would you be willing to care for an aging parent or perhaps spouses parent?

What do you personally believe is the most significant aspect of the “graying of America”?

Please post your comments to any of these questions to this discussion thread.

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Case Study

Question 1

One of the advantages of working in a team is that there would be job division. Working in a team creates an equal division of work instead of looking at the entire project individually. Thus, each individual is expected to deal with a given aspect of the project when working in a team. Conclusion: there are smaller jobs that need less effort and time to complete; thereby, working in a team helps in significantly reducing workload. Working in a team also has the advantage of having shared responsibility in cases where things are wrong. If the project fails, a team will stand with one another by taking joint responsibility and avoiding pointing at one individual for the blame. The best teams are usually the ones that show firm unity regardless of whether the project goes wrong. When working in a team, every member is offered their aspect since only having everyone providing their best may make the results pleasing. This makes individuals in a team understand that even minor mistakes can cost the entire team. Working in a team has the advantage of acquiring a new view. When individuals work in a team, they may learn to look at different things from new perspectives. This makes members of a team learn new ways of performing given tasks. Working in a team is also associated with enhancing communication skills. It is essential that each member consults and communicate with others to ensure that a given project becomes successful. Through better communication skills, every team member does not develop negative feelings about the given decision made, making individuals in a team reach an agreement. Working in a team also has the advantage of allowing one to play to their strengths. Given that there is an equal division of work, a member may concentrate on any part of the project that they believe they may handle. Through working in a team, one gets to decide on the parts of the project they think they are comfortable handling.

One of the disadvantages experienced when working in a team is that team members may indulge in a blame game whenever things in a project go wrong. In many times of crisis, many members may quickly start pointing their fingers at others and indulge in blaming others for mistakes done. The other disadvantage is that various members may have unequal participation and involvement. It is not easy to work on a team’s project where members do not offer their best efforts. Working in a team has the disadvantage of having certain members developing desires of outshining others. When individuals in a team begin putting their individual needs before the team’s needs, the team is more likely to function inefficiently.

Question 2

The team requires including both clerical assistants and professionals. The most likely team roles are facilitator, leader, detail recorder, creative thinkers, and specialists. Including both clerical assistants and professionals is essential since setting up a work team to handle processing and sales of insurance claims needs these positions to solve any problem related to each work.

Question 3

Unlike the traditional organization comprising of a manager who manages the office and oversees every worker, forming a team will have the power to no more extended focus on the individual managing the office. The power will be divided among every member of the team, which will offer workers substantial autonomy, which may drive success and innovation in the company.

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