In Case Study 9, Building Trust in Communities: The Narragansett Indian Tribe and the State of Rhode Island, The Natives had a longstanding history in Rhode Island. In the U.S., the federal government has a history of taking land, claiming it and then isolating the Native community from resources and opportunities. This case study is only one example. The Narragansett filed suit again the state and individual landowners to reclaim the land the tribe asserted rightfully belonged to them. The Federal government ended up giving the Natives 1,800 acres of land in a settlement and sovereignty over the land.

Today, there is still a fight with Native tribes about land and resources. As a result, Natives tend to face a plethora of public health issues.

a. Name at least three of the socioeconomic factors or behavioral risk factors, that contribute to health disparities among Native populations, currently (If necessary, Use data from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to support your answers. You can also use  the Bureau of Indian Health Services)   b.  Explain why these factors are public health issues using current data. c. Provide one example of potential prevention strategies for each of the factors, that you listed and described, using current or modern day prevention strategies. (e.g. use Healthy People 2020, The Guide to Community Preventive Services websites, case studies, peer-reviewed research studies, etc.) d. Why is building community trust critical to improving health outcomes of Native populations.

Prior to the advent of the Affordable Care Act of 2012, signed by President Barack Obama, medication errors cost the U.S. over $200 billion. Medication errors also contributed to gross health disparities primarily impacting elderly populations with co-morbid chronic illnesses. Case Study 20: Big Brother is Watching: Utilizing Clinical Decision Support as a Tool to Limit Adverse Drug Events, provided several examples of how public health and healthcare systems worked together to overcome problems with medication adherence, to improve patient health outcomes and to improve prescribing practices. Provide an update on the impact of the Affordable Act on Clinical Decision Support specifically relating to medication errors. This means, what advancements have been made since the Act to improve Clinical Decision Support in Healthcare or Prescribing. Use the internet and other resources such as the Agency for Healthcare Quality and Research (AHRQ) to briefly summarize your findings. It may also be helpful to cite important resources (i.e. websites or research articles) that support your understanding of the issue. Furthermore, report on what is the current hot topic issue on clinical decision support (e.g. a new policy, advisory group). Check White House resources or the American Public Health Association for clues.

Case Study 16: Beyond Measurement? Evaluating Environmental Public Health: Assessing the Effectiveness of Food Safety Programs, discusses the pressures that many governmental public health practitioners face at the nexus of budget cuts and protecting the health and safety of the population. Please answer the following questions:

a. What sort of roles and responsibilities do environmental health professionals have regarding food safety?

b. What type of information would the environmental health director need to know to help make the case to state legislature to not cut the budget?

c. From the farm to the plate, what are some of the ways food can become contaminated with pathogens?

d. What food safety practices would a health inspector look for doing a routine restaurant inspection?

e. What are examples of recent food-borne illness outbreaks that have taken place in the last 2 years? What was the cause of the outbreak?

f. What actions can health inspectors take to mitigate or prevent an outbreak from occurring?

g. How has COVID-19 impacted food safety, if at all?

h. What is your position?  If faced with cutting the budget or limiting the scope of the environmental health dept. What you would do?  Provide a brief rationale.

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Mapping of chromosomes is called as Karyotyping. The biologists who study the chromosomes and the anomalies are cytogeneticists and the study is called as cytogenetics.

I want you to go to this website and play with it. You have to match all the 23 pairs of chromatids and get to this page as follows. In this discussion, I want you to post a picture of completed karyotype and discuss on following questions:

1. Is it a karyotype of a female or a male?
2. Name one disorder which has abnormal number of chromosomes
3. What would be the cause of the disorder; is it genetic, the mother’s age, and some other reason. Explain.
4. As earlier, please post your comments for two other discussions to earn full points of this discussion.

Karyotyping: https://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/basics/karyotype/

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The following information is available for Aikman Company.

January   1, 2017

2017

December   31, 2017

Raw materials inventory

$21,000

$30,000

Work in process inventory

13,500

17,200

Finished goods inventory

27,000

21,000

Materials purchased

$150,000

Direct labor

220,000

Manufacturing overhead

180,000

Sales revenue

910,000

Prepare an income statement through gross profit.

AIKMAN   COMPANY
Income   Statement (Partial)

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This discussion has 2 parts that should total 200 words in 2 paragraphs. In Part 1, answer the questions in paragraph form using about 100 words. In part 2, read the prompt and discuss your thoughts in an additional 100 words. Once you have submitted your initial post, return to read the posts of others.

1. Observe an ice cube or hold one in your hand.  This is water in a solid form, so it has a high structural order.  This means that the molecules cannot move very much and are in a fixed position.  The temperature of the ice is zero degrees celcius.  As a result, the entropy of the system is low.

2. Allow the ice to melt at room temperature.  What is the state of molecules in the liquid water now?  How did the energy transfer take place?  Is the entropy of the system higher or lower?  Why?

3. If you were to heat the melted water to its boiling point, what would happen to the entropy of the system?

Part 2:

Think about the world around you. Give another every day example of entropy and explain how it relates to increasing disorder of energy. If all energy tends to become more disordered, how do we always have a supply of usable energy?

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Bioregional Portrait: (50 pts. possible) The following assignment was modified from one that was developed by the Biology Faculty at BC, and derived from the Bio 100 Student Module. One of your major writing assignments in Biology 100 is a “Portrait of your Bioregion”. There are a number of questions asking you to research your own personal environment and your place as part of that ecosystem. We define your home place as your watershed, ie. giving it biological rather than political boundaries. Nature does not recognize human made boundaries which are often lines drawn arbitrarily on a map. Nature’s boundaries are rivers, oceans, lakes, and mountains. Your watershed is all the area drained by a stream, river or lake – literally from where the water is shed or flows.

All too often we concentrate on far away, exotic, ecosystems like tropical rainforests and forget that we, too, live in a unique biome – the temperate rain forest. This assignment is asking you to explore your particular part of that biome up close and personal.

One of the objectives of this assignment is to help you better understand and appreciate the ecosystem in which you live. Part of the injunction to “Think globally, act locally” implies a knowledge of our local environment. Another objective is to ask you to think about the size of your own ecological footprint. How lightly do you step upon the land? Do you know how you use natural resources and are you using them wisely?

For this assignment think in terms of providing a stranger a unique picture or snap shot of your own personal environment and how you interact with it. Tell that person what you observe from where you live, not what you can read on the Web or hear from city officials. Everybody will have a different picture even if they are neighbors. Even identical twins living in the same house will present different portraits because they are looking through different eyes.

You can call local government offices, utility companies, etc. for further information. Mostly, though, we want to go outside around your home and observe what else shares your space. Don’t look up in a book for your trees and birds – go outside and look at them.

Think about how the land forms around you were made and how humans and other animals have shaped those land forms. In terms of European settlement the history of the Seattle area is quite short, but humans have lived in this area for at least 12,000 years.

Portrait of your Bioregion – For this assignment you need to answer ALL of the following questions about your local ecosystem. Your answers should be as complete as possible, with citations from where your information comes from.  Feel free to include drawings, photos, etc. answer the following questions in detail to describe your Bioregion. I’ve provided some hints inblue.

1. Describe exactly where you live. Draw a map if you like. This should not include your address, describe where you live in terms of the geography without any man made points of reference.
2. What is a watershed? In which watershed do you live? This means your own personal watershed according to the biological definition – do not ask the local water utilities for the name of your watershed. Here is a site that will also help identify your watershed. The more specific you can be the better.(Links to an external site.)
3. Name five trees in your area, (within one or two blocks of your house). Which ones are native? This site might be helpful.
4. Name five resident plus any three migratory birds in your area.
5. Where is your local water supply stored? Look around your neighborhood for the nearest water tower or reservoir.
6. Where does your wastewater go and what happens to it along the way? When you flush your toilet what happens to it? Where are the pollutants removed? Is primary, or secondary, or tertiary treatment done there?
7. You’ve changed the oil in your car and now you need to get rid of the old oil. How do you do that in a way that is safe and environmentally sound? Be specific in your answer, where exactly would you take it.
8. What was the area you live in like 50 years ago? 100 years ago? 200 years ago? Include people, places and nature in your description. What what was happening to the Indigenous Peoples of your Bioregion during each time period? The History Link is a helpful resource at:http://www.historylink.org (Links to an external site.)
9. Name some animals (non human) which share your place. Include both wild and domestic beings.
10. What type of energy do you use to heat your house, from where does this energy come? What environmental effects does this type of energy have? All forms of energy have negative environmental effects, figure out what you use first.
11. Name the nearest creek or stream to your home, and trace its passage from source to outlet. Include above and below ground portions. Google maps can be helpful here or a topo map.
12. List the nearest local, and state, and national park to your house, what kinds of activities are allowed in each of these (hunting, fishing, camping, motorcycling, horseback riding etc.)

Points will be assigned for depth and breadth of information and for creativity in presenting the information. Create a picture of your own Bioregion so that others can see the value and complexity of your environment.

Include with your answers a list of references to indicate where you obtained your information. Use the format in the MLA guidelines to construct a bibliography for the references that you use on each question. After you have assembled your bibliography, make sure your citations are formatted correctly. Do not use footnotes or citations of any kind within the body of this assignment. The LMC Librarian Instructions for  MLA Bibliographies are found at: at: http://www.questionpoint.org/crs/servlet/org.oclc.admin.BuildForm?&page=frame&institution=13150&type=2&language=1

BC Library Media Center Homepage:http://bellevuecollege.edu/lmc/ (Links to an external site.)

Permanent Reserve (behind the Circulation Desk):

Maps:City of Bellevue City of Seattle
King and Snohomish Counties
City of Bellevue topographic mapsAtlases:Puget Sound Thomas Guide 2001
Washington Atlas and GazetteerWeb Sites:City of Bellevuehttp://www.ci.bellevue.wa.us/ (Links to an external site.)

City of Seattlehttp://www.ci.seattle.wa.us/ (Links to an external site.)

King County Department of Natural Resourceshttp://www.kingcounty.gov/environment/dnrp.aspx
 (Links to an external site.)Washington State Department of Natural Resourceshttp://www.dnr.wa.gov (Links to an external site.)

Natural Mapping Program in Washingtonhttp://fish.washington.edu/ (Links to an external site.)

On the bottom left side of the home page click on “Site Map” then click on “Outreach”. Scroll down to “The Nature Mapping Program” and click on the URL: http://depts.washington.edu/natmap to get to the Nature Mapping Program in Washington State. Next, click on “Maps”, and finally, click on “Washington Maps” or scroll down and click on a particular Genus and species mapped in Washington State. Have Fun!!!!!

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