Strategic Workforce Planning Analysis

Strategic Workforce Planning Analysis

(Strategic Workforce Planning Analysis)

questions 

1. Discuss the workforce planning process. After discussing each step, explain what would happen if an organization did not follow the workforce planning process. Explain from the perspective of the employer and the employees. (210 Words)

 

2. Based on the reading in this unit, there are many external sources of information that firms can tap into to forecast the demand for their product. Discuss the five most common types of information that can be used to evaluate general business trends in the economy. Provide an example for each. (210 Words)

 

3. Within staffing planning, there are three questions that need to be addressed. Identify and discuss each question and its components in detail. (210 Words)

 

4. Part of forecasting a firm’s labor supply requires an understanding of current and future skill and competency trends in the labor market. Compare and contrast forecasting the internal labor market and the external labor market. Be certain to discuss key components used within each process. (210 Words)

APA CITATION

REFERENCE:

Phillips, J. M., & Gully, S. M. (2015). Strategic staffing (3rd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson

Strategic Workforce Planning Analysis

Staffing and Labor Forecasting Paper

Workforce Planning Process

Firstly, workforce planning involves environmental scanning to identify internal and external trends. Secondly, forecasting workforce demand predicts needed positions based on strategic objectives. Thirdly, forecasting workforce supply assesses current employee skills and future availability. Fourthly, gap analysis compares demand and supply projections to identify shortages or surpluses. Fifthly, solution implementation addresses identified gaps through recruitment, training, or redeployment. Finally, monitoring and evaluation ensure plan effectiveness and enable timely adjustments.

If an organization skipped environmental scanning, strategic threats might go unnoticed. Consequently, forecasting demand would lack precision, causing understaffing or overstaffing. Moreover, ignoring supply assessments could overlook employee retirements or promotions. Therefore, gap analysis would fail to guide recruitment or training correctly. In turn, solution implementation would be misaligned with actual needs. Finally, without evaluation, the organization cannot measure success or correct course.

From the employer perspective, bypassing workforce planning leads to skill mismatches. Hence, project delays and higher labor costs may occur. Additionally, legal risks might increase when staffing levels do not comply with regulations. Moreover, staffing inefficiencies hinder productivity and reduce profitability.

Employees also experience negative outcomes. Firstly, understaffed teams face excessive workloads and burnout. Secondly, overstaffed units may see unclear roles and diminished job satisfaction. Moreover, limited communication channels may foster uncertainty and lower morale. Thirdly, limited development opportunities reduce engagement. Ultimately, employees may leave, increasing turnover and harming organizational culture.

External Information Sources

Firstly, economic indicators track macroeconomic performance through measures like gross domestic product. For example, rising gross domestic product signals increased consumer spending potential. Secondly, consumer market surveys gather direct feedback on preferences and purchase intentions. For instance, a smartphone manufacturer might survey buyers on desired battery life. Thirdly, competitor analysis examines rival strategies, pricing, and product offerings. For example, a clothing company may analyze a competitor’s new sustainable line. Fourthly, industry trend reports identify evolving patterns in technology and consumer behavior. For instance, an automotive firm may use an electric vehicle adoption report. Fifthly, government statistics offer reliable data on labor costs, trade volumes, and import trends. For example, a furniture exporter might use import tariff changes to forecast pricing.

Moreover, economic indicators include unemployment rates and inflation measures. Therefore, a retailer could adjust stocking based on predicted consumer confidence shifts. Furthermore, consumer market surveys often involve focus groups and online polls. Consequently, survey data helps firms align product features with customer expectations. Similarly, competitor analysis may involve benchmarking key performance metrics. In contrast, industry trend reports often originate from consultancy firms. Additionally, government labor statistics guide staffing decisions and production capacity planning. Therefore, combining these sources improves forecast accuracy and supports strategic planning. Moreover, using diverse data reduces risk from any single erroneous forecast.

Staffing Planning Questions

Firstly, organizations must ask how many employees they require. Quantity analysis involves headcount projections by department. Firms evaluate workload, production schedules, and turnover rates to estimate needed staff numbers. In addition, firms may use trend analysis and historical headcount data to adjust projections.

Secondly, firms ask what skills and competencies employees should possess. Skill analysis covers educational qualifications, technical expertise, and behavioral competencies. This ensures alignment between employee capabilities and job requirements. Moreover, competency mapping helps reveal internal talent pools and development needs.

Thirdly, planners inquire when and where employees will be needed. Timing components include recruitment lead times, training durations, and project deadlines. Location considerations cover geographic distribution and remote work feasibility. Furthermore, planners consider seasonal demands and project-based requirements for precise timing.

Furthermore, balancing these questions reduces labor costs and improves service quality. Consequently, organizations can implement recruitment or training before shortages emerge. Therefore, organizations gain competitive advantage through proactive planning. Ultimately, addressing these three questions fosters efficient and effective staffing practices.

Internal and External Labor Market Forecasting

Internal forecasting examines existing workforce capabilities. Internal processes include skill inventories, performance appraisals, and succession planning. For example, a hospital may track nursing competencies and identify future nursing leaders through performance reviews.

By contrast, external forecasting evaluates outside labor supply and skill trends. Components involve analyzing labor force participation rates, educational output, and occupational outlook data. For instance, a clinic may review nursing graduate numbers entering the market.

Internal forecasting focuses on employee development and mobility. It uses talent management systems and career path analysis to fill upcoming vacancies. Conversely, external forecasting relies on government labor statistics and industry association forecasts. This approach helps anticipate skills shortages and wage pressures.

Moreover, internal forecasts often leverage replacement charts and internal applicant pipelines. In contrast, external forecasts use demographic trends and immigration patterns. Therefore, organizations can plan recruitment campaigns or partnerships with educational institutions. Additionally, internal forecasting ensures retention of institutional knowledge. Meanwhile, external forecasting supports strategic decisions about outsourcing or offshoring. Ultimately, combining both forecasts yields robust staffing strategies that balance internal talent development with external labor market realities.

References

Phillips, J. M., & Gully, S. M. (2015). Strategic staffing (3rd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.

 
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Survey of Healthcare Management

HE310 Survey of Healthcare Management

(Survey of Healthcare Management)

Directions: Be sure to make an electronic copy of your answer before submitting it to Ashworth College for grading. Unless otherwise stated, answer in complete sentences, and be sure to use correct English spelling and grammar. Sources must be cited in APA format. Your response should be three (3) to six (6) pages in length; refer to the “Assignment Format” page for specific format requirements.

This written assignment has two parts and involves combining the case studies from lessons 1-4. For each of the case studies, you are responsible for selecting the appropriate case at the end of the applicable chapter and response to the question. In each of the cases you will respond as if you are the hospital administrator. For part 1 of this written assignment, please see case studies relating to lessons 1-4 below. Please combine your response to these case study questions into part I of your written assignment.

Part I(Survey of Healthcare Management)

Lesson 1

Case Study 1. Better Service to Current Patient Population

You are the administrator of a 250-bed hospital. A recent report from the county tells you that the population within a 25-radius of your facility is getting younger – the median age in the area has decreased from 35 years of age to 29 years of age. This was an expected impact of the new state university campus that has opened about five miles away. What do you need to review and analyze to ensure that you can provide the services required by this changing population in your area?

Lesson 2

Case Study 2. Using Statistics to Support Expansion Plans

Evaluate the data from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) Data & Surveys (www.ahrq.gov/data) shown in Figure 2-8 in your textbook. After reading the statistics and referencing Figure 2-8 determine what services you would recommend if you were the administrator of a health care facility in Illinois, to expand what is available at your facility. Support your recommendation with specific statistics from the table.

Lesson 3

Case Study 2. Determining Opportunities to Increase Revenues

Evaluate the data available in Figure 3-6, which is from the Health, United States, 2010 report from the US Department of Health and Human Services, available in Figure 3-7. If you were the administrator of a heath care facility, what actions would you recommend to ensure your organization can increase revenues? Support your recommendations with specific statistics from Figure 3-6.

Lesson 4

Case Study 3

“Researchers now believe that most medical errors cannot be prevented by perfecting the technical work of individual doctors, nurses, or pharmacists. Improving patient safety often involves the coordinated efforts of multiple members of the health care team, who may adopt strategies from outside health care.”

“The report reviews several practices whose evidence came from the domains of commercial aviation, nuclear safety, and aerospace, and the disciplines of human factors, engineering and organizational theory. Such practices include root cause analysis, computerized physician order entry and decision support, automated medication dispensing systems, bar coding technology, aviation-style preoperative checklists, promoting a ‘culture of safety,’ crew resource management, the use of simulators in training, and integrating human factors theory into the design of medical devices and alarms.”

Discuss this concept of utilizing standard business quality initiatives and the logic of adopting them to use in healthcare. Choose one of the practices identified in paragraph 2, research it, summarize it, and include how you might apply this concept in your healthcare facility.

The practices identified in paragraph 2 are:

  • Root cause analysis

  • Computerized physician order entry and decision support

  • Automated medication dispensing systems

  • Bar coding technology

  • Aviation-style preoperative checklists

  • Promoting a “culture of safety”

  • Crew resource management

  • The use of simulators in training

  • Integrating human factors theory into the design of medical devices and alarms

Part II(Survey of Healthcare Management)

For part II of the written assignment, explain why the following course objectives are important for hospital administrators:

  1. Identify the responsibilities of the healthcare administrator.

  2. Evaluate various types of healthcare facilities and the different types of services performed in these facilities.

  3. Analyze the financial side of healthcare, including reimbursement methodologies.

  4. Explain the link between quality of care and health care administration.

Please include at least 3 scholarly articles within your response. Overall response will be formatted according to APA style and the total assignment should be between 3-6 pages not including title page and reference page.

Grading Rubric

Please refer to the rubric on the next page for the grading criteria for this assignment.

CATEGORY

Exemplary – 25 points
Student provides all case study activities and presents information in a manner that demonstrates the skills of hospital administrator. A deeper level of critical thinking skills are displayed in case study activity responses.

Satisfactory – 20 points
Student provides all case study activities and presents information in a manner that demonstrates some skills of hospital administrator. Critical thinking skills are displayed in case study activity responses.

Unsatisfactory – 15 points
Student does not provide all case study activities or does not demonstrate skills of a hospital administrator appropriately. No critical thinking skills displayed in response.

Unacceptable – 10 points
Student does not provide all case study activities and does not demonstrate skills of a hospital administrator appropriately. No critical thinking skills displayed in response.

Exemplary – 50 points
Student applies critical thinking skills to appropriately discuss why first four learning objectives are critical to hospital administrators. Student uses more than 3 scholarly articles to substantiate response. Each objective discussion exceeds expectations and demonstrates deep level of analysis.

Satisfactory – 40 points
Student applies some critical thinking skills to appropriately discuss why first four learning objectives are critical to hospital administrators. Student uses 3 scholarly articles to substantiate response. Each objective discussion is adequately discussed, but further, deeper level of analysis is needed.

Unsatisfactory – 30 points
Student does not apply critical thinking skills to explain why first four learning objectives are critical to hospital administrators or the student uses less than 3 scholarly articles to substantiate response. Each objective discussion is not adequately discussed and some objective could be omitted.

Unacceptable – 20 points
Student does not apply critical thinking skills to explain why first four learning objectives are critical to hospital administrators and the student uses less than 3 scholarly articles to substantiate response. Each objective discussion is not adequately discussed and some objectives are omitted.

Mechanics

Exemplary – 10 points
Student does not make any errors in grammar or spelling, especially those that distract the reader from the content.

Satisfactory – 8 points
Student makes 1-2 errors in grammar or spelling that distract the reader from the content.

Unsatisfactory – 5 points
Student makes 3-4 errors in grammar or spelling that distract the reader from the content.

Unacceptable – 2 points
Student makes more than 4 errors in grammar or spelling that distract the reader from the content.

Format – APA Format, Citations, Organization, Transitions (15 Points)

Exemplary – 15 points
The paper is written in proper APA and organizational format. All sources used for quotes and facts are credible and cited correctly. Excellent organization, including a variety of thoughtful transitions.

Satisfactory – 12 points
The paper is written in proper format with only 1-2 errors. All sources used for quotes and facts are credible, and most are cited correctly. Adequate organization includes a variety of appropriate transitions.

Unsatisfactory – 8 points
The paper is written in proper format with only 3-5 errors. Most sources used for quotes and facts are credible and cited correctly. Essay is poorly organized, but may include a few effective transitions.

Unacceptable – 5 points
The paper is not written in proper format. Many sources used for quotes and facts are less than credible (suspect) and/or are not cited correctly. Essay is disorganized and does not include effective transitions.

 
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Healthcare Payment Trends Matrix

Healthcare Payment Trends Matrix

(Healthcare Payment Trends Matrix)

HCS/385 – HEALTH CARE FINANCE: Finance Environment Matrix

Create a matrix in which you:

  • Identify at least 3 economic trends of the health care payment system.
  • Identify ethics and compliance issues associated with those trends.

Cite 3 peer-reviewed, scholarly, or similar references to support your chosen trends and issues.

Note: This assignment is meant to be a high- level look at these issues where you primarily identify what the issues are. You will cover the issues in more depth in the Week Five Finance Trends assignment.

please if you do this assignment i really will like you to do week five assignment to because they are connected both.

Finance Environment Matrix

Economic Trend Description Ethics Issues Compliance Issues
Value-Based Care Models Value-based care shifts reimbursement from volume to quality, rewarding providers for improved patient outcomes rather than number of services. Ethical concerns arise over equity in access; providers may avoid high-risk patients who could hurt quality metrics. Compliance requires accurate coding, outcome documentation, and transparency in reporting performance metrics.
Rising Out-of-Pocket Costs for Patients Patients bear a larger share of costs through deductibles, copays, and coinsurance, affecting affordability and access. There is an ethical obligation to ensure financial transparency and to protect vulnerable populations from being priced out of care. Compliance with cost transparency laws (e.g., Hospital Price Transparency Rule) is mandatory.
Growth of Alternative Payment Models (APMs) APMs such as bundled payments and accountable care organizations (ACOs) are expanding to promote cost-efficiency and coordination. Ethical concerns include fair distribution of shared savings and avoiding cost-cutting that compromises care quality. Must comply with Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) regulations and anti-kickback statutes.

References

  1. Berwick, D. M., Nolan, T. W., & Whittington, J. (2008). The triple aim: Care, health, and cost. Health Affairs, 27(3), 759–769. https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.27.3.759

  2. Rice, T., & Unruh, L. Y. (2016). The economics of health reconsidered (4th ed.). Health Administration Press.

  3. Mechanic, R. E. (2017). Value-based payment and health care delivery reform: The urgent need for alignment. Health Affairs, 36(3), 436–444. https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2016.1050

 
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Developing Internal Advancement Strategies

Developing Internal Advancement Strategies

(Developing Internal Advancement Strategies)

Review the Week 2 Individual Knowledge Check.

Read Ch. 5, Incident 2, “I am Qualified, Why Not Me?”

Write a 700- to 1,400-word analysis, using your research, of the incident, “I am qualified, Why Not Me?” Include the following in preparing your response:

  • Discuss whether or not you believe that Bobby has a legitimate complaint. Does any organization, like Crystal Productions, have a responsibility to provide training and development opportunities to enhance promotion from within?
  • Explain the advantages and disadvantages of a promotion from within policy and whether such a policy would be appropriate for Crystal Productions.
  • Identify, if you were the head of HR, the first step in creating the policy, who should be involved in developing the policy, and what you would do in preparing for implementation.
  • Recommend the desired goals/outcomes of such a policy and the impact your new policy would have on staffing and performance management strategies.
  • Summarize what impact the changing workforce might have on your new policy.
  • Summarize a brief policy that addresses hiring from within.

INCIDENT 2 I Am Qualified, Why Not Me?

Five years ago, when Bobby Bret joined Crystal Productions as a junior accountant, he felt that he was on his way up. He had just graduated with a B+B+ average from college where he was well liked by his peers and by the faculty, and had been an officer in several student organizations. Bobby had shown a natural ability to get along with people as well as to get things done. He remembered what Roger Friedman, the controller at Crystal, had told him when he was hired, “I think you will do well here, Bobby. You’ve come highly recommended. You are the kind of guy that can expect to move right on up the ladder.”

Bobby felt that he had done a good job at Crystal, and everybody seemed to like him. In addition, his performance appraisals had been excellent. However, after five years he was still a junior accountant. He had applied for two senior accountant positions that had opened, but they were both filled by people hired from outside the firm. When the accounting supervisor’s job came open two years ago, Bobby had not applied. He was surprised when his new boss turned out to be a hotshot graduate of State University whose only experience was three years with a large accounting firm. Bobby had hoped that Ron Greene, a senior accountant he particularly respected, would get the job.

On the fifth anniversary of his employment at Crystal, Bobby decided it was time to do something. He made an appointment with the controller. At that meeting, Bobby explained to Mr. Friedman that he had worked hard to obtain a promotion and shared his frustration about having been in the same job for so long. “Well,” said Mr. Friedman, “you don’t think that you were all that much better qualified than the people that we have hired, do you?” “No,” said Bobby, “but I think I could have handled the senior accountant job. Of course, the people you have hired are doing a great job too.” The controller responded, “We just look at the qualifications of all the applicants for each job, and considering everything, try to make a reasonable decision.”

 
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McDonald’s Strategic Case Studies

McDonald’s Strategic Case Studies

(McDonald’s Strategic Case Studies)

Business Policy and Strategy, CSU (Case Studies – Units I – VII)

Unit I Case Study

Read the Cohesion Case on pages 27-37 in the course textbook. Create a five- to seven-page PowerPoint presentation in which you a) briefly describe your view of McDonald’s strategic position, and b) answer Step 4 of the Assurance of Learning exercise on page 37.

Unit II Case Study

Complete the Assurance of Learning Exercise 3D on page 87 of the course textbook. In addition to completing Steps 1, 2, and 3, summarize your findings in a two-page APA formatted paper and discuss your views of McDonald’s strategic

prospects based upon your analysis of the external assessment and consideration of the opportunities to grow, as well as threats from competitors and the macro environment.

Unit III Case Study

Complete the Assurance of Learning Exercises 6A and 6B on page 205 of the textbook. Use the completed SWOT and SPACE matrices to draw conclusions regarding both the long term and short term strategies you would recommend in light of your findings. Summarize in a two-page APA formatted paper. NOTE: It is not necessary to consult other students

to complete these exercises in the textbook.

Unit IV Case Study

Complete the four elements of the McDonald’s organization chart exercise in the Assurance of Learning Exercise 7A on page 248 of the textbook. Once the organizational chart recommendation is completed, create at least one high-level objective for each functional group in the organizational chart. State your rationale for each and briefly state how each

would be measured. Compile your work into a minimum two-page APA formatted paper.

Unit V Case Study

Read the Assurance of Learning Exercise 8A and 8B on page 282 of the textbook. Prepare a product positioning map, and perform the EPS/EBIT calculations given in 8B. Discuss, in a two-page APA formatted paper, how the product positioning is aligned with McDonald’s corporate strategy. Identify potential gaps in the product line or weaknesses in

positioning. Describe the relevance of the EPS/EBIT chart and why it is significant with respect to strategy implementation.

Unit VI Case Study

Follow the instructions for the Assurance of Learning Exercise 9A on page 306 of the textbook. Create a minimum two-page APA formatted paper evaluating McDonald’s strategy. Choose at least one of McDonald’s competitors and discuss its position relative to McDonald’s. Comment on McDonald’s prospects of success against this competitor.

Unit VII Case Study

Complete the Assurance of Learning Exercise 10A on page 326 of the textbook. You will be asked to analyze and to compare and contrast the code of ethics of both Starbuck’s and McDonald’s. Summarize your analysis and findings in a two-page APA formatted paper

 
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Health Reform & Stakeholder Impact

Health Reform & Stakeholder Impact

(Health Reform & Stakeholder Impact)

HEALTH POLICY ASSIGNMENTS

Case Study Reflection

Write a 4-5 page paper. Your written assignments must follow APA guidelines. Be sure to support your work with specific citations from this week’s Learning Resources and additional scholarly sources as appropriate. Refer to the Pocket Guide to APA Style to ensure that in- text citations and reference list are correct. Submit your assignment to the Dropbox by the end of this Unit.

In 2007 San Francisco began its Healthy San Francisco Plan designed to provide health care for all San Francisco citizens. In 2007, it was estimated that San Francisco had 82,000 uninsured citizens. Under the plan, all uninsured citizens residing in San Francisco can seek care at the city’s public and private clinics and hospitals. The basic coverage includes lab work, x-rays, surgery, and preventative care. The city plans to pay for this $203 million coverage by rerouting the $104 million the city currently spends treating the uninsured in the emergency rooms, mandating business contributions, and requiring income-adjusted enrollment fees. The plan requires all businesses with more than 20 employees to contribute a percentage toward the plan. Many business owners consider this a burden and warn they will not stay in the city. The Mayor sees universal health access a moral obligation for the city.

Take one of the following positions.

· San Francisco has an obligation to provide its citizens with health access.-OR-

· San Francisco does not have an obligation to provide its citizens with health access.

Discuss the following in your assignment:

1. What is the government’s role in regulating healthy and unhealthy behavior?

2. Has the balance between personal freedom and the government’s responsibility to provide health and welfare of its citizens been eroded? Why or why not?

3. Written Assignment

4. Review the following report at:

5. https://kapextmediassl-a.akamaihd.net/healthSci/HA545/HA545_1703C/u5_as.pdf

6. Using this Congressional Report for members of Congress and your textbook, write a 5-page memorandum/paper on the topic of rulemaking.

7. You are a summer intern with Harry Smith, a Congressman from your home district. He has to advise his congressional committee on the impact of interest groups on legislation. Write the memorandum to explain the purpose and influence on rulemaking in the operation of the legislation. You should offer suggestions on the importance of the implementation phase of the legislation.

Paper

Write a 7-9 page paper with bibliography. Your written assignments must follow APA guidelines. Be sure to support your work with specific citations from this week’s Learning Resources and additional scholarly sources as appropriate. Refer to the Pocket Guide to APA Style to ensure in-text citations and reference list are correct.

You will synthesize your understanding of why Medicare Part D passed, as well as the influence of the various interest groups and governmental entities during this process. Make sure to discuss both the policy process and the policy environment—that is, the key players involved and other circumstances that shaped this policy-making effort. For this assignment, address the following questions, doing further research as needed:

· How did various stakeholder groups influence the final outcome of Medicare Part D legislation?

· What were the specific strategies and tools that were used most effectively?

· Does the fact that Medicare Part D passed corresponds with your understanding of policy and politics, or did this surprise you? Explain your response.

Paper

Write a 7-9 page paper with a References List. Your written assignment must follow APA guidelines. Be sure to support your work with specific citations from this week’s Learning Resources and additional scholarly sources as appropriate. Refer to the Pocket Guide to APA Style to ensure in-text citations and reference list are correct.

You will synthesize your understanding of why Clinton’s Health Plan was unsuccessful. Discuss the features of the Clinton health care reform plan and provide reasons why it failed and describe the influence of the various interest groups and governmental entities during this process. Make sure to discuss both the policy process and the policy environment—that is, the key players involved and other circumstances that shaped this policy-making effort. Consider and discuss the following:

1. Take a position in support or opposition

2. Discuss the context of this legislation – name the expected demanders and suppliers as outlined in our textbook, Chapter 3.

3. Describe the expected interest groups and there specific arguments.

4. Describe the expected interplay between demanders and suppliers, interest groups and analyze the public policy environment.

 
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Patient-Centered and Safe Care

 

Patient-Centered and Safe Care: Ensuring Quality in Health Care Delivery

(Patient-Centered and Safe Care)

The Institute of Medicine (IOM) developed six specific aims to ensure the delivery and improvement of health care. Choose two from the six aims: Safe, effective, patient-centered, timely, efficient and equitable (Institute of Medicine, 2001). Of the two aims you chose, discuss the effects on the delivery of quality care. Give an example of how a hospital or physician practice can meet these aims.

 

Your initial post should be 250-500 words and utilize at least one scholarly source from the Ashford University Library to justify your choices. Sources must be cited in APA format as outlined in the Ashford.

Patient-Centered and Safe Care

Ensuring Quality in Health Care Delivery

The Institute of Medicine (IOM), now known as the National Academy of Medicine, identified six essential aims to transform health care delivery: safe, effective, patient-centered, timely, efficient, and equitable care. Among these aims, patient-centered and safe care are fundamental for enhancing the quality of health services. Both aims not only address immediate patient needs but also contribute to long-term health outcomes by minimizing risks and prioritizing patient preferences.

Patient-Centered Care and Its Impact on Quality

Patient-centered care emphasizes the importance of understanding and respecting each patient’s unique preferences, values, and needs. This approach encourages active patient participation in decision-making processes, fostering a sense of empowerment and collaboration. By prioritizing patient involvement, health care providers are better positioned to deliver care that aligns with the individual’s expectations, ultimately improving satisfaction and trust.

For example, a hospital implementing patient-centered strategies may create personalized care plans, actively engage patients and families in discussions about treatment options, and offer culturally sensitive care. Such measures help bridge communication gaps, reduce misunderstandings, and ensure that care plans reflect patient desires and health goals. Research has shown that when patients feel respected and heard, adherence to treatment protocols improves, and clinical outcomes are more favorable (Epstein & Street, 2011).

A practical example of patient-centered care in action is the use of shared decision-making models in chronic disease management. In a primary care setting, physicians collaborate with patients to explore various treatment pathways, weighing the benefits and risks of each option. This shared responsibility not only educates patients about their health conditions but also enhances their commitment to follow prescribed therapies, resulting in better health outcomes and reduced hospital readmissions.

Safe Care and Its Impact on Quality

The IOM defines safe care as the prevention of harm to patients during the provision of health services. Ensuring safety in healthcare settings requires systematic efforts to prevent medical errors, reduce risks, and maintain a secure environment for patients. Safe care is a cornerstone of quality because it directly affects patient survival, recovery rates, and overall trust in the healthcare system.

Hospitals can meet the aim of safe care by implementing evidence-based protocols that minimize errors and enhance patient monitoring. For instance, the use of checklists in surgical settings has been proven to reduce the incidence of preventable complications. A study by Haynes et al. (2009) demonstrated that the implementation of a surgical safety checklist led to significant reductions in morbidity and mortality rates. This tool ensures that critical steps are not missed during surgery, improving patient safety and confidence in the healthcare team.

Meeting Both Aims in Practice

To effectively integrate both patient-centered and safe care, healthcare organizations can adopt Electronic Health Records (EHRs) that enhance communication, streamline documentation, and facilitate access to patient information. EHRs allow physicians to track patient histories comprehensively, reduce medication errors, and customize care plans according to patient needs and medical history.

By prioritizing both patient-centered and safe care, healthcare providers can significantly improve the delivery of quality services, ensuring that patients receive not only effective but also compassionate and secure care. These principles, grounded in evidence-based practice, pave the way for a more resilient and trustworthy healthcare system.

References

Epstein, R. M., & Street, R. L. (2011). The values and value of patient-centered care. Annals of Family Medicine, 9(2), 100–103. https://www.annfammed.org/content/9/2/100.full

Haynes, A. B., Weiser, T. G., Berry, W. R., Lipsitz, S. R., Breizat, A.-H. S., Dellinger, E. P., … & Gawande, A. A. (2009). A surgical safety checklist to reduce morbidity and mortality in a global population. New England Journal of Medicine, 360(5), 491–499. https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMsa0810119

 
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Public Health On Hiv/Aids

Public Health On Hiv/Aids

(Public Health On Hiv/Aids)

Public Health

please read attachments…. please…Your public health presentation should be 10 slides in length, use an appropriate application (PowerPoint, Prezi, etc.), and comprehensively address the public health issue using speaker notes and scholarly resources for support. Support for your speaker notes will come from scholarly resources, including the following: at least two scholarly resources for the background of the public health issue, at least two scholarly resources for response to the problem, and at least two scholarly resources for current directions to address the problem.

It should be a complete, polished artifact containing all of the critical elements of the final product.

I am attaching the topic and artifacts and critical elements for your 10 slide public health presentation.

General Guidance for Presentations Consider your presentation as consisting of two complementary elements: the narrative and the visual. Your speaker notes are the equivalent to the narrative, so write them clearly, succinctly, and with proper grammar and spelling, so they are easily understood by a general audience. (Note that you will not be speaking, just writing.) The visual element, the slides themselves, support the narrative. Visuals keep the eyes involved in the presentation while the presenter speaks. As such, they should not repeat the narrative. Graphics that support the narrative are best: charts, tables, timelines, illustrations, and photographs. Visuals should never be simply “window dressing,” like a group photograph of a meeting; they must specifically support the points being made in the narrative. Bullet points are acceptable in combination with or, if necessary, without graphics. If possible, keep each bullet point to a single line. Powerful quotes from your resources can sometimes drive home your point. Finally, do not be tempted to fill the entire visual space. Insufficient white space results in visual clutter, prompting your audience to spend too much effort figuring it out (distracting the audience from the speaker) or simply ignoring it. The following are recommended steps for each section:  Write your speaker notes first, using the worksheets from your milestone assignments.

 Create the visual element.

 Read the narrative to test for easy comprehension.

 Add visual elements that support the speaker notes. Try to visualize what the notes are saying.

(Public Health On Hiv/Aids)

Develop a presentation (using PowerPoint, Prezi, etc.) that describes a public health issue and national goals set for that problem on Healthy People 2020. The presentation will give an overview of the distribution of the problem in the United States, factors associated with the problem, social determinants of the problem, and any health disparities. Your presentation must contain speaker notes that fully address the contents below. Support for your speaker notes will come from scholarly resources. Specifically, the following critical elements must be addressed:

I. Background: Provide a clear background of your selected priority public health issue. Be sure you address the issue’s goal statements and relevant context for the issue in terms of the ecological model, citing scholarly support.

II. Epidemiology

A. Analyze the epidemiological patterns, causes, and effects of the health issue in the population. For example, how is the issue distributed in the population?

B. Describe the social determinants associated with the issue. How do these determinants impact the health of those affected by the issue?

C. Describe known disparities (i.e., socioeconomic, demographic, cultural, and geographic) associated with the health outcomes of your specific population with regard to the public health issue.

(Public Health On Hiv/Aids)

III. Public Health Interventions: In this section, you will examine public health interventions published in the scholarly literature for how they addressed your selected public health issue.

A. Analyze two published public health interventions used to address the issue, including the theoretical basis of each intervention. In other words, what were the strategies used to address this problem and what was the rationale for those actions, according to the scholarly resources?

B. Explain how the selected interventions reflect primary, secondary, and/or tertiary intervention strategies for public health prevention.

C. Explain how the interventions address social determinants of health and the disparities in healthcare associated with the issue.

IV. Public Health Response: In this section, you will inspect the public health landscape to identify who is involved in responding to your public health issue and what actions they are taking.

A. Describe the public health organizations involved in the response to the public health issue at the national and local levels. Use examples that show which entities are working on the issue and what they are doing. For example, what federal and local agencies and/or not-for-profit entities are involved, and what are their roles in the response?

B. Explain the specific public health subdisciplines involved in understanding and responding to the issue, including what their roles are. Examples of public health subdisciplines include biostatistics, epidemiology, maternal and child health, and disaster-response planning.

C. Explain the public health services involved in the response to the issue. What types of services, programs, or campaigns have been offered by organizations in response to the problem? Be sure to provide examples.

(Public Health On Hiv/Aids)

V. Current Directions: Based on your understanding of the health goals and interventions, identify gaps in the response and draw connections to the broader field of public health.

A. Explain the overall effectiveness of the public health response to your issue, based on any gaps between its goals and the current information and strategies. In other words, given what you understood about the distribution of the public health issue and the strategies that have been undertaken to address it, what are the obstacles to this public health response meeting its goals?

B. Discuss the unique perspective that public health theoretical  frameworks provide in addressing this issue. In other words, how is the public health approach different from the way other medical models might address this issue, and what advantages do public health frameworks have in terms of promoting positive health outcomes with regard to the issue?

C. Reflect on the connections between the public health response to this issue and broader ethical questions of social justice, poverty, and systematic disadvantage. Specifically, how does the response help to improve conditions for people in their communities? Keep in mind ethical theories and principles studied in this course

 
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Analyzing Sun Coast Data

Analyzing Sun Coast Data

(Analyzing Sun Coast Data)

Correlation And Regression Analysis Using Sun Coast Data Set

Sun Coast Remediation Course Project Guidance

Background

To help make a connection between business research and its use in the real world, this course will use an iterative course project. Throughout the term, you will serve as the health and safety director for Sun Coast Remediation (Sun Coast).

Sun Coast provides remediation services to business and governmental organizations. Most of their contracts involve working within contamination sites where they remove toxic substances from soil and water. In addition to the toxicity of the air, water, and soil their employees come into contact with, the work environment is physically demanding and potentially contributory to injuries involving musculoskeletal systems, vision, and hearing. Sun Coast genuinely cares about the health, safety, and well-being of their 5,500 employees, but they are also concerned about worker compensation costs and potential long-term litigation from injuries and illness related to employment.

Health and Safety Director Task(Analyzing Sun Coast Data)

Sun Coast hired you last month to replace the previous health and safety director, who left to pursue other opportunities. This is a critical position within the company because there are many health and safety-related issues due to the nature of the work. The former health and safety director was in the midst of analyzing these issues through the implementation of a research project when she left the organization.

Throughout the term, you will use your knowledge of research methods to bring the research project to fruition. You will conduct a literature review, develop research questions and hypotheses, create the research design, test data, interpret data, and present the findings. Each unit will accomplish one of these tasks. It has already been decided that the business problems will be best addressed using a quantitative research methodology. You will not collect any data for this project. The former health and safety director had already collected the data, which is provided for you in an Excel spreadsheet.

Statistical Tools

You will conduct the data analysis using Microsoft Excel Toolpak. View these links for information: https://support.office.com/en-us/article/load-the-analysis-toolpak-in-excel-6a63e598-cd6d-42e3-9317-6b40ba1a66b4 and https://www.excel-easy.com/data-analysis/analysis-toolpak.html

Sun Coast Remediation Course Project Sections

Since this is a quantitative research study, there are specific steps that should be followed. The following is a template that will help you develop your project. (It is also provided as a template in Unit VII.) Use this information to guide your completion of the course project.

Table of Contents

Include the table of contents here. There is a tool for creating a table of contents in the References tab of the Microsoft Word tool bar at the top of the screen. Remember to delete this text and the instructions from the previous page before you begin.

Executive Summary

The executive summary will go here. The paragraphs are not indented, and it should be formatted like an abstract. The executive summary should be composed after the project is complete. It will be the final step in the project. Delete this text before you begin.

Sun Coast Remediation Course Project

Introduction(Analyzing Sun Coast Data)

Note: The following introduction should remain in the research project unchanged. Delete this note before you begin.

Senior leadership at Sun Coast has identified several areas for concern that they believe could be solved using business research methods. The previous director was tasked with conducting research to help provide information to make decisions about these issues. Although data were collected, the project was never completed. Senior leadership is interested in seeing the project through to fruition. The following is the completion of that project and includes the statement of the problems, literature review, research objectives, research questions and hypotheses, research methodology, design, and methods, data analysis, findings, and recommendations.

Statement of the Problems

Note: The following statement of the problems should remain in the research project unchanged. Delete this note before you begin.

Six business problems were identified:

Particulate Matter (PM)

There is a concern that job-site particle pollution is adversely impacting employee health. Although respirators are required in certain environments, PM varies in size depending on the project and job site. PM that is between 10 and 2.5 microns can float in the air for minutes to hours (e.g., asbestos, mold spores, pollen, cement dust, fly ash), while PM that is less than 2.5 microns can float in the air for hours to weeks (e.g. bacteria, viruses, oil smoke, smog, soot). Due to the smaller size of PM that is less than 2.5 microns, it is potentially more harmful than PM that is between 10 and 2.5 since the conditions are more suitable for inhalation. PM that is less than 2.5 is also able to be inhaled into the deeper regions of the lungs, potentially causing more deleterious health effects. It would be helpful to understand if there is a relationship between PM size and employee health. PM air quality data have been collected from 103 job sites, which is recorded in microns. Data are also available for average annual sick days per employee per job-site.

Safety Training Effectiveness(Analyzing Sun Coast Data)

Health and safety training is conducted for each new contract that is awarded to Sun Coast. Data for training expenditures and lost-time hours were collected from 223 contracts. It would be valuable to know if training has been successful in reducing lost-time hours and, if so, how to predict lost-time hours from training expenditures.

Sound-Level Exposure

Sun Coast’s contracts generally involve work in noisy environments due to a variety of heavy equipment being used for both remediation and the clients’ ongoing operations on the job sites. Standard ear-plugs are adequate to protect employee hearing if the decibel levels are less than 120 decibels (dB). For environments with noise levels exceeding 120 dB, more advanced and expensive hearing protection is required, such as earmuffs. Historical data have been collected from 1,503 contracts for several variables that are believed to contribute to excessive dB levels. It would be important if these data could be used to predict the dB levels of work environments before placing employees on-site for future contracts. This would help the safety department plan for procurement of appropriate ear protection for employees.

New Employee Training

All new Sun Coast employees participate in general health and safety training. The training program was revamped and implemented six months ago. Upon completion of the training programs, the employees are tested on their knowledge. Test data are available for two groups: Group A employees who participated in the prior training program and Group B employees who participated in the revised training program. It is necessary to know if the revised training program is more effective than the prior training program.

Lead Exposure

Employees working on job sites to remediate lead must be monitored. Lead levels in blood are measured as micrograms of lead per deciliter of blood (μg/dL). A baseline blood test is taken pre-exposure and postexposure at the conclusion of the remediation. Data are available for 49 employees who recently concluded a 2-year lead remediation project. It is necessary to determine if blood lead levels have increased.

Return on Investment

Sun Coast offers four lines of service to their customers, including air monitoring, soil remediation, water reclamation, and health and safety training. Sun Coast would like to know if each line of service offers the same return on investment. Return on investment data are available for air monitoring, soil remediation, water reclamation, and health and safety training projects. If return on investment is not the same for all lines of service, it would be helpful to know where differences exist.

Literature Review

After providing a brief introduction to this section, students should include the literature review information here. Important Note: Students should refer to the information presented in the Unit I Study Guide and the Unit I Syllabus instructions to complete this section of the project. Delete this before you begin.

Research Objectives

After providing a brief introduction to this section, students should include research objectives here. Students should compose short, direct statements about the objectives of the study. Research objectives should relate to the problems that have been identified above, and there should be one objective for each problem as shown in the example below. Important Note: Students should refer to the information presented in the Unit II Syllabus instructions to complete this section of the project. Delete this before you begin.

Example:

RO1: Determine if a person’s height is related to weight.

RO2:

RO3:

RO4:

RO5:

RO6:

Research Questions and Hypotheses(Analyzing Sun Coast Data)

After providing a brief introduction to this section, students should state the research questions and hypotheses. Each research objective should have a corresponding research question and a null and alternative hypothesis as shown in the example below. In total, there should be six research questions and twelve hypotheses. Important Note: Students should refer to the information presented in the Unit II Study Guide and the Unit II Syllabus instructions to complete this section of the project. Delete this before you begin.

Example:

RQ1: Is there a relationship between height and weight?

H01: There is no statistically significant relationship between height and weight.

HA1: There is a statistically significant relationship between height and weight.

Research Methodology, Design, and Methods

After providing a brief introduction to this section, students should detail the research design they have selected and why it is an appropriate research approach for addressing the business problems. Use the following subheadings to include all required information. Important Note: Students should refer to the information presented in the Unit III Study Guide and the Unit III Syllabus instructions to complete this section of the project. Delete this before you begin.

Research Methodology

Explain the research methodology chosen for this research project and provide rationale for why it is appropriate given the problems.

Research Design

Students should explain whether the research design is exploratory, causal, or descriptive. Provide rationale for the choice.

Research Methods

Students should describe the research methods used for this research study based on the research methodology, research design, and research questions, and provide a rationale as to why they were chosen. They might include a combination of experimentation, descriptive statistics, correlation, and causal-comparative methods.

Data Collection Methods

Students should specify how the data were most likely collected to test the hypotheses. Data collection methods include, but are not limited to, survey, observation, and records analysis.

Sampling Design

Students should briefly describe the type of sampling design that was most likely used for the data that were collected. Choices include, but are not limited to, random sample, convenience sample, etc. Explain your rationale for your sampling design selection(s).

Data Analysis Procedures

Students should specify the statistical procedures used to test each set of hypotheses from among correlation, regression, t test, and ANOVA. They should explain why each procedure was the most appropriate choice.

Example:

Correlation is the preferred procedure to use to test the RQ1 hypotheses since the interest is whether a relationship exists between an independent variable (IV) and dependent variable (DV). Correlation will indicate if there is a relationship between height (IV) and weight (DV), the strength of the relationship, and the direction of the relationship.

Data Analysis: Descriptive Statistics and Assumption Testing(Analyzing Sun Coast Data)

After providing a brief introduction to this section, students should provide the Excel Toolpak results of their descriptive analyses. Frequency tables, histograms, and descriptive statistics tables should be cut and pasted from Excel directly into the final project document. Important Note: Students should refer to the information presented in the Unit IV Study Guide and the Unit IV Syllabus instructions to complete this section of the project. Delete this before you begin.

Correlation: Descriptive Statistics and Assumption Testing

Students should include this information here. Include frequency table, histogram, and descriptive statistics table. Evaluate and discuss the descriptive statistics and make an explicit statement about whether the assumptions for parametric statistical testing were met or not met. Delete these statements before you begin.

Simple Regression: Descriptive Statistics and Assumption Testing

Students should include this information here. Include frequency table, histogram, and descriptive statistics table. Evaluate and discuss the descriptive statistics, and make an explicit statement about whether the assumptions for parametric statistical testing were met or not met. Delete these statements before you begin.

Multiple Regression: Descriptive Statistics and Assumption Testing

Students should include this information here. Include frequency table, histogram, and descriptive statistics table. Evaluate and discuss the descriptive statistics and make an explicit statement about whether the assumptions for parametric statistical testing were met or not met. Delete these statements before you begin.

Independent Samples t Test: Descriptive Statistics and Assumption Testing

Students should include this information here. Include frequency table, histogram, and descriptive statistics table. Evaluate and discuss the descriptive statistics, and make an explicit statement about whether the assumptions for parametric statistical testing were met or not met. Delete these statements before you begin.

Dependent Samples (Paired-Samples) t Test: Descriptive Statistics and Assumption Testing

Students should include this information here. Include frequency table, histogram, and descriptive statistics table. Evaluate and discuss the descriptive statistics, and make an explicit statement about whether the assumptions for parametric statistical testing were met or not met. Delete these statements before you begin.

ANOVA: Descriptive Statistics and Assumption Testing

Students should include this information here. Include frequency table, histogram, and descriptive statistics table. Evaluate and discuss the descriptive statistics, and make an explicit statement about whether the assumptions for parametric statistical testing were met or not met. Delete these statements before you begin

Data Analysis: Hypothesis Testing(Analyzing Sun Coast Data)

After providing a brief introduction to this section, students should provide the Excel Toolpak results of their hypothesis testing. The statistical output tables should be cut and pasted from Excel directly into the final project document. For the regression hypotheses, the students should display and discuss the predictive regression equations. Important Note: Students should refer to the information presented in the Units V and VI Study Guides and the Units V and VI Syllabus instructions to complete this section of the project. Delete this before you begin.

Correlation: Hypothesis Testing

Students should include this information here. Restate the null and alternative hypotheses, cut and paste the statistical output from Excel Toolpak, discuss the p-value in relation to alpha and explicitly accept or reject the null and alternative hypotheses. Delete these statements before you begin.

Simple Regression: Hypothesis Testing

Students should include this information here. Restate the null and alternative hypotheses, cut and paste the statistical output from Excel Toolpak, and interpret and explain the simple regression analysis results below the Excel output. Your explanation should include: multiple R, R square, alpha level, ANOVA F value, accept or reject the null and alternative hypotheses for the model, statistical significance of the x variable coefficient, and the regression model as an equation with explanation. Delete these statements before you begin.

Multiple Regression: Hypothesis Testing

Students should include this information here. Restate the null and alternative hypotheses, cut and paste the statistical output from Excel Toolpak, and interpret and explain the simple regression analysis results below the Excel output. Your explanation should include: multiple R, R square, alpha level, ANOVA F value, accept or reject the null and alternative hypotheses for the model, statistical significance of the x variable coefficients, and the regression model as an equation with explanation.

Independent Samples t Test: Hypothesis Testing

Students should include this information here. Restate the null and alternative hypotheses, cut and paste the statistical output from Excel Toolpak, discuss the p-value in relation to alpha and explicitly accept or reject the null and alternative hypotheses. Delete these statements before you begin.

Dependent Samples (Paired Samples) t Test: Hypothesis Testing

Students should include this information here. Restate the null and alternative hypotheses, cut and paste the statistical output from Excel Toolpak, discuss the p-value in relation to alpha and explicitly accept or reject the null and alternative hypotheses. Delete these statements before you begin.

ANOVA: Hypothesis Testing

Students should include this information here. Restate the null and alternative hypotheses, cut and paste the statistical output from Excel Toolpak, discuss the p-value in relation to alpha and explicitly accept or reject the null and alternative hypotheses. Delete these statements before you begin.

Findings(Analyzing Sun Coast Data)

After providing a brief introduction to this section, students should discuss the findings in the context of Sun Coast’s problems and the associated research objectives and research questions. Important Note: Students should refer to the information presented in the Unit VII Study Guide and the Unit VII Syllabus instructions to complete this section of the project. Restate each research objective, and discuss them in the context of your hypothesis testing results. The following are some things to consider. What answers did the analysis provide to your research questions? What do those answers tell you? What are the implications of those answers? Delete these statements before you begin.

Example:

RO1: Determine if a person’s height is related to weight.

The results of the statistical testing showed that a person’s height is related to their weight. It is a relatively strong and positive relationship between height and weight. We would, therefore, expect to see in our population taller people having a greater weight relative to those of shorter people. This determination suggests restrictions on industrial equipment should be stated in maximum pounds allowed rather than maximum number of people allowed.

RO2:

RO3:

RO4:

RO5:

RO6:

Recommendations(Analyzing Sun Coast Data)

After providing a brief introduction to this section, students should include recommendations here in paragraph form. This section should be your professional thoughts based upon the results of the hypothesis testing. You are the researcher, and Sun Coast’s leadership team is relying on you to make evidence-based recommendations. Delete these statements before you begin.

References

Include references here using hanging indentations, and delete these statements and example reference.

Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (5th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

 
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Strategic Consensus Organizing Principles

Strategic Consensus Organizing Principles

(Strategic Consensus Organizing Principles)

The Strategic Principles of Consensus Organizing

Can you teach people how to be strategic? It’s a question that trainers and teachers often ask as they approach a new training program or a classroom full of eager faces. Thinking strategically and pragmatically is the hallmark of a good consensus organizer. Consensus organizing is based on several key strategic principles that are the fundamental beliefs and values that guide the implementation of the model and its activities. These principles also express the philosophy and the attitude behind the consensus organizing approach. As consensus organizers begin to enter a community, these principles are at the forefront of their minds as their organizing strategy takes shape. This chapter explains these principles and why they are important to consensus organizing.

Table 3.1 summarizes the five core strategic principles of consensus organizing (Consensus Organizing Institute, n.d.).

Table 3.1 Strategic Principles of Consensus Organizing

Strategic Principle Key Strategies Example
Solutions to local problems should come from affected communities.
  • Strategies and objectives are set by the community.
  • Incorporate community’s existing social networks.
  • Analyze and identify individual self-interests and mutual community interests and build relationships based on those interests.
Residents bring recent crime problems to the attention of the local police and ask for assistance in developing a crime watch program. The local police work with residents to develop a neighborhood watch. Relationships are built between residents and the police.
Pragmatic leadership is present in communities, though not always recognized.
  • Identify trusted, respected, behind-the-scenes leaders.
  • Position leaders to take responsibility for effort.
  • Build leaders’ skills and confidence to succeed.
An older woman to whom young mothers turn for parenting help.
A teacher who stays after school hours to help his students with their studies.
Self-interest can be harnessed as a motivation for improving the welfare of communities.
  • Analyze and identify the interests of members of external power structure (e.g., government, philanthropy, corporate, social service).
  • Position them to make genuine contributions aligned with their and the community’s interests.
A local foundation director who has $1 million to improve housing in local distressed neighborhoods, but who does not have relationships with community-based organizations located in those neighborhoods.
If a project achieves its short-term goals without positioning the participants to make even greater gains in the future, then an opportunity has been missed.
  • Position community leaders to take the lead on projects.
  • Use short-term projects to build community’s skills and relationships with power structure to lay the foundation for more comprehensive efforts.
A neighborhood cleanup that builds relationships among residents and between residents and the city can lead to new opportunities, such as improved code enforcement and the rehab of dilapidated housing in cleanup area.
Building relationships and strategically positioning leaders to make a program work requires time, care, and finesse.
  • Understand and gain trust of leaders of the community and power structure.
  • Break down stereotypes and misperceptions that community and power structure have of one another.
  • Invest the time up front to position leaders of the community and power structure to develop genuine strategic partnerships.

 

Going to churches, agencies, and community organization meetings, and meeting residents one-on-one in their homes. Attending local housing symposiums, city council meetings, and chamber of commerce meetings, as well as meeting one-on-one with members of the e
 
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