Florence Nightingale Nursing Theory

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Florence Nightingale Nursing Theory Rough draft

(Florence Nightingale Nursing Theory)

Question description

  1. The purpose of this assignment is to draft and submit a comprehensive and complete rough draft of your Nursing Theory Comparison paper in APA format. Your rough draft should include all of the research paper elements of a final draft, which are listed below. This will give you an opportunity for feedback from your instructor before you submit your final draft during week 7.
    Based on the reading assignment (McEwen & Wills, Theoretical Basis for Nursing, Unit II: Nursing Theories, chapters 6–9), select a grand nursing theory.

    • After studying and analyzing the approved theory, write about this theory, including an overview of the theory and specific examples of how it could be applied in your own clinical setting.

    Based on the reading assignment (McEwen & Wills, Theoretical Basis for Nursing, Unit II: Nursing Theories, chapters 10 and 11), select a middle-range theory.

    • After studying and analyzing the approved theory, write about this theory, including an overview of the theory and specific examples of how it could be applied in your own clinical setting.

    The following should be included:

    1. An introduction, including an overview of both selected nursing theories
    2. Background of the theories
    3. Philosophical underpinnings of the theories
    4. Major assumptions, concepts, and relationships
    5. Clinical applications/usefulness/value to extending nursing science testability
    6. Comparison of the use of both theories in nursing practice
    7. Specific examples of how both theories could be applied in your specific clinical setting
    8. Parsimony
    9. Conclusion/summary
    10. References: Use the course text and a minimum of three additional sources, listed in APA format

    The paper should be 8–10 pages long and based on instructor-approved theories. It should be typed in Times New Roman with 12-point font, and double-spaced with 1″ margins. APA format must be used, including a properly formatted cover page, in-text citations, and a reference list. The proper use of headings in APA format is also required.Recommended: Before you begin, review A Pocket Style Manual (APA) and the Writing Resources area of the Student Resources tab.Due: Sunday, 11:59 p.m. (Pacific time)Points Possible: 100

 
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Clinical Psychology Presentation

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Major Approaches To Clinical Psychology Presentation

(Clinical Psychology Presentation)

Clinical psychology encompasses various approaches aimed at understanding, diagnosing, and treating psychological disorders. The major approaches include psychodynamic, behavioral, cognitive-behavioral, humanistic, and biological perspectives.

The psychodynamic approach, pioneered by Freud, focuses on unconscious processes, childhood experiences, and the role of defense mechanisms in shaping behavior. Behavioral psychology emphasizes observable behaviors and the influence of reinforcement and punishment on behavior change.

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) integrates cognitive and behavioral techniques to address maladaptive thoughts and behaviors. Humanistic psychology emphasizes self-awareness, personal growth, and the inherent goodness in individuals.

Biological psychology examines the biological underpinnings of behavior and mental processes, including genetics, brain structure, and neurotransmitter functioning.

Each approach offers unique insights and therapeutic techniques, allowing clinical psychologists to tailor interventions to the individual needs of clients. Integrating multiple approaches, known as eclectic therapy, is common in modern clinical practice, offering a comprehensive and flexible approach to treatment.

Major Approaches To Clinical Psychology PresentationSelect one of the following disorders:

  • Depressive disorder
  • Generalized anxiety disorder
  • Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
  • Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Create a Microsoft® PowerPoint® presentation (10slide min) in which you compare and contrast the major approaches to clinical psychology—psychodynamic, cognitive-behavioral, humanistic, and family systems—in relation to the selected disorder. Address the following items:

  • Discuss the philosophical origins of each approach.
  • Identify the goals of each approach.
  • Describe the techniques and strategies used by each approach.
  • Explain how each approach affects the treatment strategies for your selected disorder.
  • Evaluate the effectiveness of each approach, in relation to your selected disorder, based on treatment outcome research.

Include speaker notes with your presentation. ***** There will be two submissions – the actual full powerpoint, and another document (NOT necessarily in APA) where all the speaker notes are copied and pasted onto a document.

Incorporate information from at least five peer-reviewed publications.

Cite each outside source on a slide titled References.

Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines.   This means an introduction, conclusion, reference slides, headings, no use of first person or contractions, correct citations, etc.

 
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MN576 Discussion Board: Pelvic Pain

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MN576 Discussion Board: Pelvic Pain – Peer Response

(MN576 Discussion Board: Pelvic Pain)

No plagiarism please.

Will need minimum of 150 words for each response, APA Style, double spaced, times new roman, font 12, and and Include: (1 reference for each response within years 2015-2018) with intext citations.

Peer Resp.#1 

Pelvic pain can be caused by many reasons such as ovarian cysts, urinary tract infections, appendicitis, sexually transmitted infections, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)…In this discussion, I will address PID as the cause of pelvic pain. PID is an infection or inflammation of the upper genital tract in women (Shen et al., 2016). For PID, it is considered acute if the symptoms last 30 days or less (Ferri, 2018). The condition is chronic if the symptoms last more than 30 days. PID is a sequela of sexually transmitted infections, so it is commonly diagnosed in young and sexually active women. Patients usually complain of lower abdominal pain, abnormal vaginal discharge/ bleeding, postcoital bleeding, dysuria, dyspareunia, or fever (Ferri, 2018). If a patient also complains of nausea and vomiting, we need to rule out peritonitis. Since the disease can cause infertility, ectopy pregnancy and can permanently damage other organs such as the uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, the patient needs to be referred to a gynecologist immediately to have a proper treatment (Shen et al., 2016). Some women may not have any symptoms, so we need to do a thorough history and physical examination, as well as offer STI screenings to avoid underdiagnosis. We can order basic labs and imaging studies such as urinalysis and urine culture, CBC, CMP, CRP, ESR, and ultrasound pelvic/transvaginal so that the patient can have them done before seeing the gynecologist. An endometrial biopsy or laparoscopy can be done by the gynecologist to confirm the diagnosis of PID (Ferri, 2018).

To write a referral to a specialist, we first need to include our information (name, address, phone, fax, email) and the specialist’s information. Second, the reason for consult/referral, the patient’s biographical data, chief complaint, history of present illness, past medical history, allergies, current medications, family history, social history, vital signs, review of system, and physical examination need to be addressed. Also, we need to include labs and imaging studies, treatment plan, diagnosis, and recommendations. After the patient has been seen and treated by the gynecologist, we are responsible for advising the patient to come back to see us for follow-ups. Since PID can be recurrent, the patient needs to be tested for gonorrhea and chlamydia three to six months after the treatment (Ferri, 2018). Her sexual partner needs to be treated as well to prevent her from being re-infected. Untreated gonorrhea and chlamydia can cause PID; therefore, it is essential for NPs to screen female patients aged less than 25 and those at increased risk for these infections to reduce the incidence of PID (Kreisel, Torrone, Bernstein, Hong, & Gorwitz, 2017). We also need to offer HIV and other STI screenings to all women with PID.

Peer Resp.#2

Endometriosis

Endometriosis is a painful disorder that results from the endometrium growing outside of the uterus.  This generally involves the pelvic region, ovaries, fallopian tubes and the pelvic lining.  It can affect areas outside of the pelvic region as well.  Though the endometrium is displaced, it continues to act as normal by thickening, breaking down and then bleeding during menstruation.  Unfortunately, there is no place for this to go and it becomes trapped.  Eventually, this causes scarring and adhesion’s which cause pelvic organs to adhere together.  All this together causes the pain and can lead to infertility (Mayo Clinic, 2018).  I chose this subject because I had endometriosis.  It is a horrible disorder and very painful.  There were times that it felt like someone was stabbing my insides with a knife.  I would ball up into the fetal position and cry until the pain went away.  I eventually had to have a hysterectomy at the age of 29.  This was horrible because we tried to have another baby, but it left me unable to have anymore.  I was so bad that I had bleeding outside of my menstrual cycle and it was in my rectum.  Before my surgery, I bleed for more than 2 weeks straight despite medications.  He said if I did not have the surgery, I would eventually hemorrhage.

Endometriosis S/S

  • Dysmenorrhea
  • Chronic Pelvic Pain
  • Dyspareunia
  • Abdominal Pain
  • Menorrhagia
  • Backache (during menses)
  • Perimenstrual Tenesmus
  • Diarrhea
  • Constipation
  • Dyschezia
  • Dysuria
  • Hematuria
  • Nausea

(Youngkin, Davis, Schadewald & Juve, 2013)

Referral Process

Endometriosis generally does not require a referral.  With this being said, women may become infertile with this issue (Johns Hopkins, 2018).  If the woman would like to have children and has infertility issues, she can be referred to a fertility specialist.  Some women require hysterectomies if the disease is severe (Johns Hopkins, 2018).  In some cases, the woman may need to be referred to a physician within the practice that performs this.

Follow-up After Referral

It is known that 17-19% of women with endometriosis have spontaneous resolution of lesions.  Many more women have a progression of lesions.  This makes up 24-64% of the cases.  Others remain stable.  This is 9-59% of the cases.  Follow-ups will depend on the treatment plans that are decided on.  There should be, at the very least, a three-month follow-up to report any new, worsening or resolving symptoms.  At the follow-up, side effects of treatment should be discussed as well.  This follow-up can be used to discuss further pregnancy options if need be (Youngkin, Davis, Schadewald & Juve, 2013).

 
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Enhancing Nursing Practice Dynamics

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Enhancing Nursing Practice Dynamics

(Enhancing Nursing Practice Dynamics)

According to the textbook, nurses in various settings are adopting a research-based (or evidence-based) practice that incorporates research findings into their decisions and interaction with clients. How do you see this being applied in your workplace?

Sepsis is a major cause of hospitalization and death throughout the world, the hospital I work out has a screening process that we as nurse must assess the patients every 4 hours for signs of sepsis. The symptoms can be easily overlooked, and death rates continues to increase for septic shock. The point of the screening is to recognize early signs of septic shock and initial treatment right away. Patients, BP, heart rate, respirations, temperature and wbc indicates to the nurse if patient has a positive screen for sepsis, once the test is positive the nurse must obtain a lactated acid, blood cultures, and informed the doctor.

According to Birriel, 2013, Early treatment of sepsis, severe sepsis, or septic shock with quantitative fluid resuscitation has been shown to improve patient outcomes in multiple studies,(4,5) as has early treatment with antibiotics(5-8); however, to attain the greatest benefit from these therapies, sepsis must be identified as early as possible in its course.

Comment2

Few years ago, the facility that I work wanted all nurses to do hands off communication at bedside.  A lot of nurses were very reluctant to this change.  At some point the facility became very serious about it and wanted all the nurses to implement it. Now not only we have to give report at bedside, we have to wake patients and families up, so they can participate.  I found it very interesting and proficient.  It takes less time to give report, good for patient safety, patients and families are less anxious and ask less questions afterward because they know the plan of care for that specific day, and help nurses not to forget to pass on any relevant information to the patients’ cases.  This is what two authors have to say about bedside report:  “In traditional shift to shift reporting, nurses spend the end of their shift (and often into overtime) transcribing or taping a report for the oncoming nurse, who then spends the first portion of his or her shift reading the notes or listening to the tape.  Bedside shift reporting saves time and allows the incoming nurse to ask questions. It also improves patient safety by involving the patient and ensuring patient and caregivers are on the same page.” (Hendren, 2010).  “Conducting nurse-to-nurse shift report at the bedside, in the presence of the patient puts the patient central to all care activity information (Anderson & Mangino, 2006).  It allows the introduction of the incoming nurse by the outgoing nurse to the patient and the family.  Being in the room, helps incoming nurse to ask questions, visually see all medicines that the patient is having.  Bedside reports also provide the opportunity to reassess the patient’s goals from the prior period and update the goals as needed. Anderson and Mangino (2006) observed increased patient, staff, and physician satisfaction as well as financial savings after implementing bedside shift report.” (Manning, 20036).

 
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Health & Wellness Research Paper

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Health & Wellness Research Paper

(Health & Wellness Research Paper)

Title: “The Impact of Mindfulness Meditation on Stress Reduction and Well-being”

Mindfulness meditation has garnered significant attention in recent years for its potential benefits on health and wellness. This research paper explores the effects of mindfulness meditation on stress reduction and overall well-being. Numerous studies have demonstrated that regular practice of mindfulness meditation techniques, such as focused breathing and body scan, can lead to a reduction in stress levels by promoting awareness of the present moment and acceptance of one’s thoughts and emotions.

Moreover, mindfulness meditation has been associated with improvements in mental health conditions such as anxiety and depression. By cultivating a non-judgmental attitude towards experiences, individuals may develop resilience to stressors and a greater sense of psychological well-being.

Furthermore, physiological changes, including decreased heart rate and blood pressure, have been observed in individuals who engage in mindfulness meditation practices regularly. These changes indicate a potential mechanism through which mindfulness meditation exerts its beneficial effects on overall health.

In conclusion, the evidence suggests that incorporating mindfulness meditation into daily routines can contribute to stress reduction and improved well-being, both mentally and physically. Further research is warranted to elucidate the mechanisms underlying these effects and to explore the optimal ways to integrate mindfulness practices into healthcare and wellness programs.

(Health & Wellness Research Paper)

A. Identify the strategy, technique, skill, activity or method to further promote Health & Wellness in your life. Choose a topic related to your future career, field of study, personal interest or something you just want to learn more about. There are two ways to choose your topic.

Choose a method, strategy, technique or activity to reduce, manage or eliminate stress.

Examples include, but are not limited to: Nutrition, meditation, physical activity,

art therapy, journal writing, anger management, support groups, pets, yoga, or music.

B. Your research paper needs to support the strategy, technique, skill, activity, method or theory that would be beneficial for Health & Wellness.

1.  Prepare a 3-5 page, typed, 12-point font, double-spaced, MLA or APA reference style summary of your research, including a reference page.

2.  Your references should be recent, research articles or book chapters, from professional and reliable sources. Your references must be more recent than the year 2004.

3.  All your sources must be referenced MLA or APA style (author, year, title, journal, volume, pages). For example: Taylor, S. E., Klein, L.C., Lewis, B. P. Gruenwald, T. L., Gurung, R. A. R., & Updegraff, J. A. (2000) Biobehaviroral responses to stress in females; Tend-and befriend, not fight-or-flight. Psychological Review, 107, 411-429.

4.  You need a minimum of 3 recent reliable references demonstrating how to increase health & wellness, reduce stress, etc..

 
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Analyzing Crisis: School Shooting Response

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Analyzing Crisis: School Shooting Response

(Analyzing Crisis: School Shooting Response)

Throughout the course, various theories and concepts related to assessment of emergency and crisis situations will be presented. The purpose of this assignment is to provide an opportunity for learners to demonstrate the ability to analyze crisis and emergency situations, applying appropriate assessment, intervention, and treatment plan options in practical scenarios, articulating clear rationale for the decisions made.

To complete Case Vignette  assume you are in the role and case study scenario described below.

  • ROLE: First Responder Crisis Management Team Supervisor.
  • CASE STUDY: You and your team are responding to one of the school shootings in the chart below.

Infoplease. (2008). Time line of recent worldwide school shootings. Retrieved May 17, 2008 from, http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0777958.html

In responding to the case presented, implement the following:

  • Select one of the shooting incidents as a focus.
  • Research and investigate the selected tragedy.
  • Provide a synopsis of the situation’s key events and characteristics.
  • Outline your assessment and courses of action.
  • Describe a single-session intervention with a parent of a student, with a witness/survivor, or with a First Responder having difficulty with the event while on the scene.
  • Describe and outline long-term treatment goals, objectives, plan and expected outcome for the individual.
  • Describe your plan for debriefing co-workers and a plan for self-debriefing and self-care following the tragedy.

Include a minimum 7 to 8 pages, not including APA formatted required title and reference pages; submit APA style in-text citations throughout the work as well.

The basic parts of a paper should also be included; these are the opening, introduction section, with a precise thesis statement, the body of the paper with clear, discernable headings formatted to APA style levels of heading where appropriate, and a conclusion that restates the thesis and summarizes the major points of the entire paper.

https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/ for general APA formatting information and for formatting help on many topics.

Criterion

Excellent

Satisfactory

Needs Improvement

Unsatisfactory

Score

Analysis of Case

50 points possible

Student provides a thorough analysis of the assigned case, critically evaluating each component, demonstrating a comprehensive understanding of related theory and concepts.

Student analyzes the assigned case, evaluating most components, demonstrating an adequate understanding of related theory and concepts.

Student provides a marginal analysis of the assigned case, demonstrating an acceptable understanding of related theory and concepts.

The work does not reflect an acceptable analysis of the assigned case.

Practical Application

50 points possible

Student identifies and explains selected assessment, intervention, and treatment methods, each of which is aligned with identified parameters of the case.

Student identifies and explains selected assessment, intervention, and treatment methods, alignment with case parameters may not be present.

Student identifies selected methods, these may not be explained or aligned with the case parameters.

The work does not include application practical application of assessment, intervention, and treatment methods.

Support

20 possible points

Course materials and other scholarly sources are used to support assertions.

Course materials are used to support some assertions in the work.

Assertions in the work are not supported by evidence.

Work is based upon opinion only.

Writing

15 possible points

Work is presented in a logical and coherent way. Writing is clear, articulate, and error free.

Work is grammatically sound with a few minor errors.

Work contains frequent grammatical errors.

Significant grammatical errors within the work severely affect the readability.

Formatting

15 possible points

APA formatting is complete, with all required paper elements accurately noted.

APA formatting is complete with some minor errors.

Work contains incomplete and inaccurate APA formatting.

Work contains no formatting.

Total

150 possible points

 
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Windshield Suvey Analysis

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Community Insights: Windshield Suvey Analysis

Windshield Suvey Analysis

A windshield survey is a method used by community health professionals to observe a community’s characteristics and needs. Through visual observation from a car, they gather data on housing, transportation, safety, and resources. Analyzing these findings provides insights into the community’s health determinants and potential interventions.

In conducting a windshield survey, researchers examine factors like the condition of buildings, presence of parks or recreational facilities, availability of healthcare services, and overall cleanliness and safety of the environment. They may also note any signs of social cohesion or division within the community.

By analyzing these observations, health professionals can identify areas for improvement, such as the need for better access to healthcare, addressing environmental hazards, or enhancing community resources. Additionally, it helps in understanding the social determinants impacting health outcomes, guiding the development of targeted interventions and policies to promote community health and well-being.

(Windshield Survey Analysis)

Windshield Survey

Assignment Guidelines

A. Windshield Survey 

The Windshield Survey is comprised of general qualitative observations that give you a snapshot of the community that you can capture as you drive/walk through the community. The demographic data can be obtained online, through the public library, county or township administration buildings. Please address the following in a narrative format following APA guidelines:

1. Geographical description

 Boundaries, geographical, political, or economic, how is it seen.

 Housing an zoning

 Sign of decay

2. Health Resources 

a. Type of services available: health department, private MD, dentist, hospital clinic,

b. pharmacy, health promotion, mental health

c. School and occupational health services

d. Official and voluntary services

e. Self help and support groups

f. Service organizations, faith-based programs

g. Stores (grocery, retail, drug, dry cleaning, etc.

h. Transportation

3. Citizen safety and protective services 

a. Police and fire

b. Shelters for victims of abuse

c. Others: neighborhood watch etc.

4. Services provided by senior citizens senior centers, meals on wheels, transportation, day care, long term care. 

a. Parks and recreational areas

5. Community welfare services beyond city/state aid as provisions for emergency food, shelter and clothing. 

Below please see the rubric that will be used to grade your survey and due date instructions.

Assignment must be presented in an essay style using APA format in the required Arial 12 font with minimum of 1000 words. Due date is Saturday September , 2018 @ 11:59PM in the discussion tab of the black board for grading.

 
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Applying Narrative & SolutionFocused Therapy

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Application: Applying Narrative & SolutionFocused Therapy

(Applying Narrative & SolutionFocused Therapy)

Please no plagiarism and use the at least one source from this week sources. I need this completed by 09/30/17 at 7pm.

 

Application: Applying Narrative and Solution-Focused Therapy

Narrative and solution-focused therapy are postmodern theories of working with couples and families. In terms of counselor-client relationship, both forms of therapy can be viewed as more collaborative than other theories discussed thus far in the course. They emphasize a more equal distribution of power between counselor and client. They also promote movement away from a traditional metaphor of couple/family relations toward conceptualizing couple/family relationships as networks of co-constructed meanings. Clients are seen as active construers of reality, which, according to these theories, are infinitely re-authorable. In this way, change comes from reconceptualizing and rewriting the ways couples and families make meaning of their relationships.

To prepare for this Application Assignment, view two of the videos in this week’s Learning Resources (at least one narrative and one solution-focused video). Identify the couple’s or family’s issue(s) and begin to think about short- and long-term goals you might include in treatment plans for them. As you consider techniques or interventions to accomplish these goals, think about how you would measure progress in re-authoring or storytelling.

The assignment (4–6 pages)

Based on the theory demonstrated in the narrative video:

  • Define the problem.
  • Formulate a treatment plan including short- and long-term goals.
  • Describe two theory-based interventions you would use and justify your selection.
  • Explain one anticipated outcome of each.

Based on the theory demonstrated in the solution-focused video:

  • Define the problem.
  • Formulate a treatment plan including short- and long-term goals.
  • Describe two theory-based interventions you would use and justify your selection.
  • Explain one anticipated outcome of each.

Support your Application Assignment with specific references to all resources used in its preparation. You are asked to provide a reference list for all resources, including those in the Learning Resources for this course.

Learning Resources

This page contains the Learning Resources for this week. Be sure to scroll down the page to see all of this week’s assigned Learning Resources. To view this week’s embedded media resources, please use the streaming media players below.

 

Required Resources

Media

  • Video: Psychotherapy.net. (Publisher). (1994). I’d hear laughter: Finding solutions for the family [Motion picture]. [With Insoo Kim-Berg]. United States: Psychotherapy.net.
    Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.
  • Video: Psychotherapy.net. (Publisher). (1994). Irreconcilable differences: A solution-focused approach to marital therapy [Motion picture]. [With Insoo Kim-Berg]. United States: Psychotherapy.net.
    Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.
  • Video: Allyn & Bacon. (Publisher). (2002). Narrative therapy with children. [Motion picture]. [With Steven Madigan]. United States: Psychotherapy.net.
    Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

Readings

  • Course Text: Gurman, A. S., Lebow, J. L.., & Snyder, D.  (2015). Clinical handbook of couple therapy (5th ed.). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
    • Chapter 2, “Cognitive-Behavioral Couple Therapy”
    • Chapter 5, “Gottman Method Couple Therapy”
  • Course Text: Theory-Based Treatment Planning for Marriage and Family Therapists
    • Chapter 10, “Solution-Focused Therapy”
    • Chapter 11, “Narrative Therapy”
  • Article: Beyebach, M., & Morejon, A. R. (1999). Some thoughts on integration in solution-focused therapy. Journal of Systemic Therapies, 18(1), 24–42. Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.
  • Article: Robbins, J. M., & Pehrsson, D. (2009). Anorexia nervosa: A synthesis of poetic and narrative therapies in the outpatient treatment of young adult women. Journal of Creativity in Mental Health, 4(1), 42–56. Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

Optional Resources

Readings

  • Book: Bitter, J. (2009). Solution-focused and solution-oriented therapy. Theory and practice of family therapy and counseling. Brooks/Cole: Belmont, CA.
    • Chapter 10, “Solution-Focused and Solution-Oriented Therapy”
    • Chapter 11, “Postmodernism, Social Construction and Narratives in Family Therapy”

 

Additional Resources

Narrative Lecture 2017

Gehart’s video lecture on narrative family therapy (Running time: 58:35 mins)

Narrative Case Conceptualization template

Case-Concept-Narrative.docx

Solution-focused Therapies 2016

Gehart’s video lecture on solution-focused therapy (Running time: 54:20 mins)

Solution-focused Case Conceptualization template

Case-Concept-SFT.docx

 
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Analyzing Reasoning on Both Sides

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Analyzing Reasoning on both sides

(Analyzing Reasoning on Both Sides)

Question description

Analyzing Reasoning on Both Sides

This final writing assignment allows you to present an analysis of the best reasoning on each side of your issue. In the process, you will get to demonstrate some of the key skills you have learned during this course. In particular, you will demonstrate the ability to create high-quality arguments on both sides of an issue, to support your reasoning with scholarly sources, and to provide a fair analysis of the strength of the reasoning on each side. For an example of how to complete this paper, take a look at the Week Five ExamplePreview the document paper.

Your paper must include the following sections, clearly labeled:

  • Introduction
    • Introduce readers to your topic; include a brief preview of what you will accomplish in this paper. (approximately 150 words)
  • First Argument
    • Present the best argument on one side of the issue. (approximately 150 words)
      • Express your argument in standard form, with the premises listed one by one above the conclusion.
  • Defense for First Argument
    • Support the first argument as well as you can, using academic sources to demonstrate the truth of key premises. You may also choose to clarify the meaning of key premises and to explain how your reasoning supports the conclusion (approximately 250 words).
  • Opposing Argument
    • Present the best argument on the other side of the issue (approximately 150 words).
      • Express your argument in standard form.
  • Defense of Opposing Argument
    • Support the opposing argument as well as you can, using academic sources to demonstrate the truth of key premises. You are welcome as well to clarify the meaning of premises and/or to explain the reasoning further (approximately 250 words).
  • Analysis of the Reasoning (approximately 350 words)
    • Evaluate the quality of each argument, addressing whether key premises are true and whether the conclusion logically follows from them.
    • Analyze arguments for any fallacies committed or for any biases that may influence either side. Do you feel that one argument makes a much stronger case than the other and why? (There is no need to “take sides,” only to assess the quality of the arguments.)
    • Support your analysis with scholarly sources.
  • Conclusion (approximately 150 words)
    • Provide a brief conclusion and summary of your issue and how it can best be addressed by critical thinkers.
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The Analyzing Reasoning on Both Sides paper

 
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PSYC 502: Personality Tests.

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PSYC 502/FORUM STUDENT RESPONSES. Personality Tests.

(PSYC 502: Personality Tests.)

PSYC 502/WEEK 6 FORUM STUDENT RESPONSES. Personality Tests. Respond to each RESPONSE below with minimum of 250 words. Must list references.

RESPONSE 1 (Kraig): Choosing the best test to evaluate an individual’s competency to stand trial would be difficult from the tests listed. First, the psychologist would have to determine which test or tests would best evaluate the individual’s personality and ability to stand trial. To capture both types of tests and obtain a better personality assessment, I would choose to use both the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) and the Minnesota Multiphasic Inventory 2nded (MMPI-11).  The TAT has pictures that are shown to the individual that are open to interpretation (Serfass & Sherman, 2013). The breakdown of the test has twenty black pictures and twenty white pictures where the individual will make up stories that corresponds with the pictures shown (Serfass & Sherman, 2013). Utilizing the TAT will allow the psychologist to evaluate if there are underlying themes with the individuals personality that would impede him or her from standing trial. The TAT test, just like other projective tests, is highly criticized because of the subjectivity in the scoring procedures (Serfass & Sherman, 2013). The stories that the individual would make up would paint a picture to the psychologist on what scales he would fall under. Depending on what scales the individual would fall in would determine if he would be competent to stand trial.(PSYC 502: Personality Tests.)

The MMPI-2 is considered one of the most widely researched and used clinical personality inventory within contemporary assessments (Kumar, 2016). The MMPI-2 is an objective personality test that gains the clients perspective on their personality characteristics by the use of a self-reporting questionnaire (Kumar, 2016). The type of questionnaire used in the MMPI-2 is a basic true and false test. Kumar (2016) explains the test comprises of 567 items on the test. What is great about this test is it has different scales which help tell if the person is telling the truth, but has a downfall of the psychologist having to determine if the client has cooperated with them (Kumar, 2016). Whether or not a client is cooperating is important to know because it determines the validity of the results. The MMPI-2 would be very helpful in determining if the individual is fit to stand trial by evaluating if he or she is telling the truth. For an example, a person who brutally murdered their family is on trial, but knows he will be found guilty and put to death. He starts acting like he is psychologically distraught in order to get an easy sentence for his crimes. The test would be able to tell that the individual is lying.

There is a great difference between projective and objective tests. First, projective testing is when the test taker puts his or her thoughts into what he or she sees on a card (Krug, 2013). The good part about the projective testing is the client may tell the psychologist something unconsciously through story telling about their true inner-self that he or she may not have disclosed any other way (Krug, 2013). The negativity of the projective testing is the subjectivity of the scoring procedures (Serfass & Sherman, 2013). Objective tests are a yes or no test or a true or false type test (Kumar, 2016). The client has one of two choices to make and it is easily scored, but may take some time. The negative part of objective testing is the psychologist has to determine whether or not the client cooperated and did not just throw questions down on paper to be finished with the test (Kumar, 2016). If the client just answers what ever answers even if they are false, the test results are not valid. This is why I decided to choose to use both the MMPI-2 and the TAT test to encompass a wider spectrum in order to capture the best picture of the individual’s personality to determine his or her suitability to stand trial.

References(PSYC 502: Personality Tests.)

Kumar, U. (2016). The wiley handbook of personality assessment. Retrieved from https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.ezproxy1.apus.edu.

Krug, S. E. (2013). Objective personality testing. In K. F. Geisinger, B. A. Bracken, J. F. Carlson, J. C. Hansen, N. R. Kuncel, S. P. Reise & M. C. Rodriguez (Eds.), APA handbook of testing and assessment in psychology, vol. 1: Test theory and testing and assessment in industrial and organizational psychology; APA handbook of testing and assessment in psychology, vol. 1: Test theory and testing and assessment in industrial and organizational psychology. (pp. 315-328, Chapter xxix, 711 Pages). Washington: American Psychological Association, American Psychological Association, Washington, DC.

Serfass, D., & Sherman, R. (2013). Personality and perceptions of situations from the Thematic Apperception Test. Journal of Research in Personality, 47(6), 708–718.

RESPONSE 2 (Denise): I found this week’s topic was very interesting. Determining if a person is competent enough to stand involve many legal aspects, not just a simple test. There are many things to take into consideration including the individual’s background and upbringing. This may shed a little more light on what and why’s of the actual situation. Often time when faced with such, many people immediately deem it necessary to undergo a psychological assessment. This is not necessary in all cases.

Personality is the field within psychology that studies the thoughts, feelings, behaviors, goals, and interests of normal individuals. It consequently covers a very wide range of important psychological characteristics. Personality is the unique way individuals think, feel, and act. If I were a forensic psychologist conducting an evaluation of an individual competency to stand trial, I generally would not use projective testing at all however if I had to choose, I would be torn between the Minnesota Multiple Personality Inventory (MMPI) and the Thematic Apperception Test. Both test is intended to evaluate a person’s personality and/traits.

I would use the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT). The reason I would uses this test is because it is considered effective in stimulating information about a person’s view of the world and his or her attitudes towards themselves as well as others. The TAT is most often used in situations where a person is evaluated for fields requiring high levels of psychological stress. These areas include but are not limited to: law, education, clergy, and the military.  It evaluates motivations and overall attitudes of the examinee. During such test the subject reveals their expectations of relationships, parents, law-enforcement, subordinates and their peers. For example; if a person, in the case of a mass murderer, this test would be suitable to identify why they committed the crime what could have been a motive. While taking the test, the examiner has the opportunity to assess the participant’s tone, posture, pauses, and other signs of their emotions.

Some advantages of TAT and other projective test are that: they are every useful in assisting psychologist assess unconscious parts of one’s personality. Personality test are not translucent therefore participants do not know how their answers or response will be interpreted. Some disadvantages may be that self-reporting accounts may appear transparent to the participant, so they may be able to figure out what the psychologist really want to know. For example: If given/shown a picture of a woman looking into a room door: showing the attitude of a mother’s role of observing her children or judging behavior. I could view it as maybe she is responding to the calling of her name from one of her children.  Another disadvantage of any projective testing is that it lacks reliability as well as validity.(PSYC 502: Personality Tests.)

RESPONSE 3 (Robert):  This week we analyze and stipulate on which personality tests would be sufficient to evaluate an individual’s competency to stand trail.  I have always been skeptical with this concept considering I feel a person’s actions should weigh more than there state of mind when they stand trail.  Consider the case of the Colorado movie theater shooter James Holmes.  Though he was convicted and sentenced to over 12 life sentences, the jury spared him because he was mentally ill.  In my mind this was a gross interpretation of justice.  What does it matter how mentally ill he is, as long as someone is capable of doing what he did then I think everyone knows my opinion on the matter.  I digress, apologies.

I spent a long time considering protective tests and their benefit for measuring competency for trial.  I feel protective tests would be too easy to manipulate if a person wanted to be considered not fit to stand trial.  In my opinion objective personality inventories and the proper grading scales would present the best case on whether or not someone is capable of standing trail.

One of the most widely used personality inventories is the Minnesota Multiphasic Personilty Inventory (MMPI).  This inventory would be strong in court because of the vast amount of research literature published and the published research references.  The MMPI covers a plethora of areas utilizing up to 567 affirmative statements that are answered with a true or false response.  MMPI has 13 standard scales, three of which are meant to measure validity, and ten specifically for personality.  Sub scales are designed to match tendencies for depression, paranoia, masculinity vs. femininity, and other valuable factors (Kumar, 2016).  Some concerns professionals have expressed with the MMPI is the over assumption of accurate diagnosis and assumptions that patterns are relevant for identification to certain sub sets.  For example, similar answers for those diagnosed with depression are used to identify future individuals of depression.  This assumes the previous patterns are connected to depression, and also assumes the original diagnosis of depression is correct.(PSYC 502: Personality Tests.)

After a throughout measurement with the MMPI I would move on to implementing the 16 personality factors inventory.  This model evaluates the presence of these 16 factors.  Factors such as anxiety neuroticism, self-control, and extraversion are all global factors that would be helpful in our case.  For the sake of showing a judge and jury that due diligence has been implemented I may include a projective measurement.  This would also show the powers that be an unbiased projection of the persons personality and capabilities.  The Rorschach inkblot test is a very popular examination that makes references from the persons imagination from their interpretations of inkblots.  The idea is that these ambiguous pictures tap into the subconscious of individuals and offer the psychologist hints and insights into their true nature.  I hope you all enjoyed my post this week and good luck on this weeks analysis.  Thanks!

Kumar, U. (2016). The Wiley handbook of personality assessment. Retrieved from https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.eproxy2-apus.edu

 
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