Field Research

Field Research

(Field Research)

Consider the following: Many products, diets, and services are marketed to parents as beneficial to infant or toddler development. In order to increase sales to parents and caretakers, some companies use marketing strategies that make exaggerated, unfounded, or unrealistic claims about the effects of their product(s) on child development.

Select one claim that you suspect to be exaggerated or false (your research may in fact show the claim has validity). Describe in detail what the advertised product, diet, or service is supposed to do. Some examples include:

  • Educational videos related to language development
  • Effects of classical music on cognitive development
  • Benefits of soy diet or organic food diet on physical and cognitive development
  • Service promising to teach your 18-month-old how to read
  • Any other claim made by a manufacturer or service provider, aimed at enhancing infant or toddler development

Write a 1,050- to 1,400-word paper addressing the following:

  • What area or areas of development does the product, diet, or service claim to enhance?
  • Use the University Library to investigate the claim. What does the published literature say about the issue you are investigating? What does the research reveal about how to promote healthy development in this area? What does this reveal about the necessity and actual benefits of the product, diet, or service?
  • Is there any evidence to support the claim? Why or why not?
  • Imagine that a licensed psychologist in your state publically endorsed a product with no empirical evidence supporting its claims.  It was later discovered that the psychologist was receiving a percentage of money from the sale of the product to parents.  Is this a violation of the APA Code of Ethics?  Explain.  Be sure to cite the appropriate section or sections of the Code in your response.

Investigate the claim using your textbook and a minimum of four additional scholarly sources (such as peer reviewed journal articles).

Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines.

Note: You may not find a peer-reviewed journal article on a specific product, diet, or service. However, you will most likely be able to find peer-reviewed journal articles on the general issue that you are investigating. For example, if you are investigating educational videos that claim that cognitive skills in infancy are enhanced by using a particular approach or method, you can then review and evaluate studies that focus on enhancing cognitive skills in infancy. Review the evidence for and against the use of specific techniques and summarize your findings.

 
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Health and Nutrition

Health and Nutrition

(Health and Nutrition)

Question description

You are a teacher in a 4-year-old classroom and begin each day with your daily health and wellness check.  You notice that a child who is dropped off looks very tired and is uncommonly quiet as she walks into the classroom.  She was dropped off by bus so you have no additional information.

Given the above scenario, choose one of the following possible causes for the change in the child.  Please indicate the cause you selected in the subject line of your discussion post.

Sickness/Illness

Trauma

Abuse

Oral Health Issue: Tooth ache, poor oral health

Nutritional Concern: Inadequate nutritional intake, food allergy, food intolerance

Hearing Concern: Ear Infection, ear ache

Vision Concern: Eye infection

Social-Emotional Issue

Examples of some of these common situations are described further in Chapter 7.  After you select one of these as a possible cause for the child’s change in demeanor, use your imagination to develop it further discussing what you may see when you conduct your observation of the child.  Be mindful to detail what you might look for and how you will document your observations.  Based on your fictitious observation, create a plan of action for how to proceed.  This plan should include both immediate and long-term actions that you will take.

Address the following points in your discussion:

Fictitious elaboration of what you observe in the child including the possible cause.  Include enough so that you can make a plan of action

Short-term plan of action detailing the procedure of how you will address the issue immediately or by the end of the day

Long-term plan of action detailing the procedure of how you will follow-up your short-term plan of action

Specific discussion regarding how you will support the child during this time

 
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Caring for Populations Milestone 2: Assessment and Diagnosis

Caring for Populations Milestone 2: Assessment and Diagnosis

(Caring for Populations Milestone 2: Assessment and Diagnosis)

Question description

20150714180150guidelines_for_caring_for_populations_milestone_1_community_windshield_survey.docx

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to provide an opportunity to utilize community assessment strategies, uncover a community health problem, and identify the components of one community health nursing problem related to the community dynamics.

Directions

Watch the Milestone 2 tutorial. Course Project Milestone 2 tutorial.docx .This tutorial is also available on Course Project page under Course Home as well as Week 4 Assignments page.

This paper is expected to be no more than four pages in length (not including the title page and reference list). Below are the requirements for successful completion of this paper. Please use the following categories as the first level headings on your paper. See the documents in the APA category in Course Resources for assistance with APA formatting.

·  [Introduction:] This beginning of your paper should catch the reader’s attention with interesting facts about your community and should include the purpose statement of the paper. This should be one paragraph. APA states that you should not title this as introduction; however, you are still expected to write a separate introduction. The title of the paper should be repeated at the top of page two and centered.

·  Community Overview: Identify the community that you are assessing by name and state and provide a general description of the community. What is the general character of the community? Statistics should not be included here. Your community should be the area you live or work in and should include a residential area. It should be a large enough area to answer the questions in the text. This should be one paragraph.

·  Demographic Data: Compile a range of demographic (population description) data for your community by examining U.S. Census Bureau reports. Using this data, describe your community. Compare your community data to state or national data. A summary of this data should be no more than two paragraphs.

·  Epidemiological Data: Compile and summarize a range of epidemiological (illness, morbidity, and mortality) data for your community by examining data from sources such as city or county health department reports, County Health Rankings (countyhealthrankings.org), or the Centers for Disease Control to describe priority health problems in your area. See the Webliography for applicable sites to search. Compare your community to state or national data. This comparison will help to identify a priority community health problem specific to your community. A summary of this data should be no more than two paragraphs.

·  Windshield Survey: Provide a summary of your observations from your first milestone. Make sure to discuss observations related to your identified problem. This should be one to two paragraphs.

·  Problem Diagnosis:

o  Using the assessment data, identify one community health nursing problem that you consider to be a priority concern.

o  Relate your choice to one of the Healthy People 2020 specific numbered objectives (not just a goal). Healthy People objectives are located within a topic area under the Objectives tab.

o  Your rationale should also include why this is a problem in your community and factors that contribute to the problem. Avoid discussion of interventions in this milestone.

o  Include a discussion of your problem with information from at least two scholarly sources (such as professional journal articles).(Review the documents in the APA category in Doc Sharing for help in determining sources that are considered scholarly—hint, .com websites are not considered scholarly sources). This should beno more than three paragraphs.

·  Summary: Summarize your community assessment and diagnosis findings and include a brief statement about the problem and the major factors that contribute to this problem. This information should be no more than two paragraphs.

·  Reference Page: All references should be cited within the paper and should be included on the reference page.

Guidelines

·  Application: Use Microsoft Word 2010 (or later) to create this assignment.

·  Use the categories above as APA headings for the sections of your paper.

·  Length: This paper is expected to be no more than four pages in length (not including the title page and reference list).

·  Scholarly Writing: APA format is required. Review APA documents in the APA category in Course Resources and use the free resources of SmartThinking for writing tutors.

Best Practices in Preparing the Paper

The following are best practices in preparing this project.

·  Complete the demographic, epidemiologic, and windshield survey prior to choosing a problem to focus on.

·  Choose one nursing problem specific to your community.

·  Make sure all elements of the paper are addressed and headings for each category are included.

·  Review directions thoroughly.

·  Cite all sources within the paper as well as on the reference page.

·  Proofread prior to final submission.

 
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Trauma in Sexual Abuse: Analysis

Assignment 2: LASA: Victim Population Analysis – Sexual Abuse Trauma

(Trauma in Sexual Abuse: Analysis)

This paper has to be written on Sexual Abuse Trauma (It was approved from the Professor)…All relevant papers are attached…please use other sources as well if you want.

PLEASE NO PLAGIARISM!  APA FORMAT!

Working with the population for which you were approved in formulating the bibliography in Module 1, follow the general guidelines for your Victim Population Analysis paper outlined below.

Tasks:

Read the research literature related to your chosen victim population. Consider the specific aspects that you will cover in your final paper (i.e., trauma, demographics, interaction with criminal justice system, victims’ rights, assessment, evaluation, and treatment). Using the research literature and specifically empirical studies, write a 12- to 14-page paper addressing the following:

· Describe the theoretical and empirical knowledge about psychological trauma and the impact of victimization within this population.

· Identify and evaluate commonalities and differences in demographic variables and psychological profiles between subtypes of victims that may present in this population.

· Compare and contrast empirical research findings related to the assessment and evaluation of victims in this population.

· Compare and contrast empirical research findings related to treatment for victims in this population.

· Define and analyze the role and impact of the criminal justice system on victims within this population.

· Define and analyze the role and impact of past and current legal rights on victims within this population.

· Cite the references appropriately.

Your paper should rely upon scholarly resources from the professional literature. The literature may include the Argosy University online library resources, relevant textbooks, peer-reviewed journal articles, and websites created by professional organizations, agencies, or institutions (.edu, .org, and .gov).

All written assignments and responses should follow APA rules for attributing sources.

Submission Details:

· By the due date assigned, save your paper as M5_A2_Lastname_Firstname.doc and submit it to the Submissions Area.

LASA is worth 300 points and will be graded according to the following rubric.

 

Grading Criteria

Maximum   Points

 

Describe the theoretical and   empirical knowledge about psychological trauma and the impact of   victimization within this population.

48

 

Identify and evaluate commonalities   and differences in demographic variables and psychological profiles between subtypes   of victims that may present in this population.

48

 

Compare and contrast empirical   research findings related to the assessment and evaluation of victims in this   population.

40

 

Compare and contrast empirical   research findings related to treatment for victims in this population.

40

 

Define and analyze the role and   impact of the criminal justice system on victims within this population.

48

 

Define and analyze the role and   impact of past and current legal rights on victims.

48

 

Academic Writing

 

Writing is generally clear and in an   organized manner. It demonstrates ethical scholarship in accurate   representation and attribution of sources; and generally displays accurate   spelling, grammar, punctuation. Errors are few, isolated, and do not interfere   with reader’s comprehension.
Citations in text and at the end of the document are in correct APA format.

28

 

Total:

300

 
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Medical Technology

Advancements in Medical Technology: Enhancing Healthcare Delivery

(Medical Technology)

Title:

Introduction:

Medical technology has revolutionized healthcare delivery, enabling more accurate diagnoses, precise treatments, and improved patient outcomes. This paper explores the recent advancements in medical technology and their impact on healthcare.

Diagnostic Imaging:

Advanced imaging technologies such as MRI, CT scans, and PET scans have significantly improved diagnostic capabilities. These technologies provide detailed images of the body’s internal structures, allowing healthcare professionals to detect abnormalities with greater accuracy. For example, MRI’s ability to produce high-resolution images aids in the early detection of diseases such as cancer, enabling prompt intervention and improved prognosis.

Telemedicine:

The integration of telecommunication technology in healthcare, known as telemedicine, has expanded access to medical services, particularly in remote or underserved areas. Through telemedicine platforms, patients can consult with healthcare providers remotely, reducing the need for physical appointments and improving healthcare accessibility. Furthermore, telemedicine facilitates remote monitoring of patients with chronic conditions, enhancing disease management and reducing hospital readmissions.

Robot-Assisted Surgery:

Robot-assisted surgery has transformed the field of surgery by offering greater precision, control, and minimally invasive techniques. Surgeons can perform complex procedures with enhanced dexterity and visualization, leading to shorter recovery times and reduced complications for patients. For instance, the da Vinci Surgical System enables surgeons to perform intricate procedures with minimal incisions, resulting in less pain and scarring for patients.

Artificial Intelligence:

Artificial intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing healthcare by analyzing vast amounts of medical data to improve diagnostic accuracy and treatment outcomes. Machine learning algorithms can identify patterns in medical images, predict patient outcomes, and personalize treatment plans based on individual characteristics. AI-powered diagnostic tools, such as IBM Watson for Oncology, assist healthcare providers in making evidence-based treatment decisions, ultimately enhancing patient care.

Conclusion:

The continuous advancement of medical technology holds immense promise for the future of healthcare. By leveraging innovations such as diagnostic imaging, telemedicine, robot-assisted surgery, and artificial intelligence, healthcare providers can deliver more precise, efficient, and personalized care to patients worldwide. Embracing these technologies will undoubtedly contribute to improved patient outcomes and a healthier global population.

Medical Technology (4-6 Pages, APA Format With 4 References)(Medical Technology)

The use of health information technology (HIT) has increased dramatically over the past decade, resulting in the federal government enacting several pieces of legislation such as the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) of 1996 and the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH) Act of 2009. Continuing to build on your proposal for a healthcare facility from Weeks 1 and 2, you are assigned to research and discuss the following:

  • Discuss the financial and health benefits that can be realized by implementing an electronic health record (EHR).
  • Research and explain the estimated cost of implementing an EHR and the estimated cost of managing an EHR over the long run.
  • Discuss current security concerns surrounding HIT and the EHR.
  • Discuss how electronic health records can be used for decision-making and problem-solving.
  • Choose 1 piece of federal legislation (e.g., HIPAA, HITECH Act, Meaningful Use), and discuss the requirements that legislation imposes on the use of HIT and the EHR.
 
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Unit8Disc2PeerResponse

Unit8Disc2PeerResponse

(Unit8Disc2PeerResponse)

Unit8disc2 Peer response

Response Guidelines

Read as many of your peers’ posts as time allows, and respond to at least two of them. Try to choose posts that have had the fewest responses.

Address any of the following, insofar as they are relevant:

Does the post provide a critical reflection with respect to developmental themes?

Is it incomplete in any way?

Does it present links to theory or research?

Does it apply lifespan development concepts and learning to an identified specialization?

Can you enlarge upon the ideas presented or suggest variations?

What points are particularly well made?

Peer1 Raymond Lam(Unit8Disc2PeerResponse)

I think that Erikson’s stage theory is very relevant to my future specialization and professional career in I/O psychology. The generativity vs. stagnation stage in middle adulthood would be where most workers reside. This would influence my role because I would aim to increase productivity and worker satisfaction; this means making worker’s lives as fulfilling as possible.

I found the theme of leisure and work particularly interesting and relevant. Workers of all ages would have different concepts of leisure and work and it would be important to recognize all differences in how they perceive those concepts. Work in I/O psychology would have to account for all of those varying viewpoints to help workers maintain a healthy work/life balance and high level of satisfaction and fulfillment (Mansell, 2017). Part of my future role would likely include designing policies to help workers achieve an optimal work/life balance; this would help retain talented employees and boost worker morale in general (Schlegel, 2017).

Mansell, N. (2017). Striking the work-life balance. The Veterinary Record, 181(18), 489. Doi:/10.1136/vr.j5091

Schlegel, G. (2017). Achieve work-life balance. Chemical Engineering Progress, 113(3), 52-54. Retrieved from https://search-proquest-com.library.capella.edu/docview/1881064691?pq-origsite=summon

Peer2 Annette Ellison (Unit8Disc2PeerResponse)

Middle Adulthood is a time when there is a reflection on whether a satisfaction level has been achieved.  It is a time when a ‘mid-life crises’ can occur, but is more indicative of shifting concerns (Broderick & Blewitt, 2014).  The physical and psychological changes in middle adulthood can be a cause for concern.  The physical changes can include immune system compromise, visual changes, hearing loss, menopause, and weight gain.  Psychologically, there can be dissatisfaction with marriage or career, raising children, empty nest syndrome, and lack of a social life.  Mid-life is also a time where they could be in a ‘sandwich’ situation.  They could be taking care of elderly parents, while also taking care of their own children.

“Midlife serves an important preparatory role in the transition to old age, the evening of life” (Lachman, 2004).  The reading did not specifically address this.  The reading did detail the developmental themes of slowing down due to aging issues.  Specifically it touched on Baltes theory of growth, maintenance and regulation of loss.  They may focus more attention on the past than they have before, Cohler (1982) suggested, serving to enrich their narrative identities and to reveal more nuanced understandings of the self (McAdams, 2014, pg 62, para2).

As a clinical therapist, I will need to understand the particular circumstances that the patient is working through.  It will take patience as middle adulthood can be a difficult transition.  Psychologically, there is the realization that they are no longer considered a young adult, although they still feel like one.  The older middle adults are feeling the physical effects, such as slower movement and being more susceptible to illness, as well as cognitive concerns of not being able to find words as easily and losing their ‘train of thought’, such as forgetting what they are saying or walking into a room and forgetting why they went in there.  It is imperative to be sensitive to the issues of aging.

As I am in the center of middle adulthood, the reading was very helpful in understanding the changes that are happening by psychologically and physiologically.  I have enjoyed reading this chapter.(Unit8Disc2PeerResponse)

References

Broderick, Patricia C., Pamela Blewitt. Life Span, The: Human Development for Helping Professionals,        4th Edition. Pearson Learning Solutions, 01/2014. [Bookshelf Online].

Lachman, M. E. (2004). DEVELOPMENT IN MIDLIFE. Annual Review of Psychology, 55, 305-31.             Retrieved from    http://library.capella.edu/login?qurl=https%3A%2F%2Fsearch.proquest.com%2Fdocview%2F20     5848421%3Faccount

McAdams, D.P. (2014), The Life Narrative at Midlife, New Direction for Child & Adolescent          Development, 2014(145), 57-69. doi:10.1002/cad.20067

 
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Thematic analysis paper/project

Thematic analysis paper/project , writing homework help

(Thematic analysis paper/project)

Question description***No Plagiarism***

Please let me know if there is anything you do not quite understand or are unsure about!

Please include everything I have asked for!

THANK YOU!

For this project, you will be writing a thematic analysis paper. This is your final paper for high school English, and it should demonstrate everything you have learned not only in this unit, but in this class, and in your entire high school career.

Your paper will compare and contrast Macbeth with another piece that we read in this class. This means that first you will need to choose a theme from Macbeth (knowledge, ambition, etc.), and then choose another story from this course that handles a similar theme.

*PLEASE CHOOSE FROM THE THEMES AND STORIES LISTED BELOW*

The focus of your paper should be on how this theme is developed throughout each story. You should show how the writer uses the plot, characters, sequencing, or other techniques to create a conclusion about this theme. (For example, “Shakespeare uses the genre of tragedy to show us how ambition can lead to an ultimate downfall.”) Then, deepen the conversation by adding a comparison and contrast to another piece we read in this class. (“In contrast, the genre of epic glorifies ambition, which we see clearly through the way Beowulf boasts about his strength and then goes on to slay his enemies.”) Focus on these points:

  • What assertion does the story make about the theme? (Ambition is dangerous. Femininity does not mean weakness or frailty.)
  • What techniques does the writer use to create this assertion? (Characters, plot, genre, literary devices, etc.)
  • What similarities are there between the themes in the two stories? (Both Macbeth and Beowulf are prime examples of masculinity.)
  • What significant differences are there between the themes in the two stories? (Macbeth ultimately destroys his community, his loved ones, and himself; Beowulf uses his strength to save people from a terrible monster.)
  • What can we learn about this theme from the comparison and contrast of these two stories? (While we see ambition, strength, and cruelty as essential parts of masculinity in these two stories, it is in the selfishness of the individual that danger lies.)

Your paper must include textual analysis. (Review this unit’s close reading pages to review.) Use a minimum of six passages (quotes) from the stories throughout your paper (at least one per story, per body paragraph).

This essay should be between two and five pages (500-1250 words) in length. It should be in 12-point font in Times New Roman.

10% of your grade will be on grammar and mechanics. Write as clearly and correctly as you can. This means that 90% of your grade is based on your ideas – however, you will not earn an A if you do not proofread carefully and check for errors.(Thematic analysis paper/project)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

First, choose a theme that you find compelling. Then, choose an accompanying story from elsewhere in the course. Here are a few suggestions of themes, and what might make a good comparison. Feel free to use any of these. Remember, you must discuss Macbeth. Then, you can discuss either one or two accompanying stories.

*PLEASE CHOOSE FROM THIS LIST OF THEMES AND STORIES*:

  • Knowledge: Macbeth vs. Genesis
  • Ambition and Temptation: Macbeth vs. Don Quixote
  • Femininity and Strength: Lady Macbeth vs. Grendel’s Mother
  • Masculinity and Cruelty: Macbeth vs. Beowulf
  • Kingship and Tyranny: Macbeth vs. King Arthur
  • Appearance and Reality: Macbeth vs. the Lilliputians from Gulliver’s Travels
  • Fate and Freewill: Macbeth vs. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
  • Guilt and Remorse: Lady Macbeth vs. Sir Bedivere in Le Mort d’Arthur

Next, work on creating a solid outline.

The most important thing about comparing and contrasting is looking for the significant points. Here are some of the big mistakes students make while comparing and contrasting:

1) Some students make the mistake of finding irrelevant contrasts. Because they are told to contrast, they take the first three differences that come to mind. For example, Beowulf was written long before Macbeth. This is true, but not important to a discussion of the themes in the stories.

2) Not contrasting enough. Often, students try to make the two stories fit together by ignoring important points of difference. You will find insight and meaning by digging into the different ways the stories develop the theme – do not try to make the characters, plots, and themes line up perfectly side-by-side.

3) Poor organization. Many students end up with a weak, four-paragraph structure (introduction, body paragraph, body paragraph, conclusion). Often, their body paragraphs either focus on all the similarities and then all the differences, or they discuss just one character (Macbeth) in one paragraph and then the other character in the next (Beowulf). These will leave you with a confusing paper. The best way to develop a strong comparison and contrast is to choose three points of comparison (the beginning, middle, and end of the story), and discuss both characters according to one point. Here is a sample outline:

Introduction(Thematic analysis paper/project)
Thesis statement: While Beowulf and Macbeth both address themes of masculinity and its relationship to strength, violence, power, and cruelty, the two characters use these tools in quite different ways.

First Body Paragraph: The Beginning
1) Beowulf is strong and powerful
2) Macbeth leads a successful war campaign

Second Body Paragraph: The Middle
1) Beowulf boasts about his strength publicly before the fight
2) Macbeth is crafty and underhanded; he kills the king in his sleep and covers it up

Third Body Paragraph: The End
1) Beowulf saves the people from the monsters
2) Macbeth causes a bloody mess

Conclusion – While we see ambition, strength, and cruelty as essential parts of masculinity in these two stories, it is in the selfishness of the individual that danger lies.

Create your outline to be similar in structure for the strongest essay.

Make sure that you locate your textual evidence from the texts before you begin drafting. Remember what we learned about close reading, citing Shakespeare, and “quote sandwiches.”

***No Plagiarism***

Please let me know if there is anything you do not quite understand or are unsure about!

Please include everything I have asked for!

THANK YOU!

Tutor Answer

Robert__F
School: Rice University
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Discussion 2: Counseling the Terminally Ill

Discussion 2: Counseling the Terminally Ill

(Discussion 2: Counseling the Terminally Ill)

No plagiarism please. I have attached an example.

 

Discussion 2: Counseling the Terminally Ill

Professional counselors face immense challenges when working with terminally ill patients. Deciding how to offer support is challenging with this population group. Providing treatment for terminally ill clients may illicit personal beliefs and values. As a counselor, you must not only consider the client’s needs, but also assess how providing treatment aligns with the guidelines proposed by the codes of ethics and legal mandates. A counselor’s professional judgment is rooted in personal beliefs and values; however, it is also molded by the foundational definitions of ethics learned in the counseling profession. Learning how to integrate professional codes of ethics into your personal moral compass is a critical skill for practicing ethical counseling.

For this Discussion, you have been asked to counsel a terminally ill client who is considering hastening his own death. Consider what personal values this triggers in you. Investigate what the ethical codes say about this. Think about your potential course of action.

Post by Day 3 an explanation of your personal values that may be triggered by this case. Then, explain one potential ethical challenge related to counseling terminally ill patients. Finally, explain the potential course of action you may take in this case. Use the codes of ethics to support this action.

Be sure to use the Learning Resources and the current literature to support your response.

Respond by Day 5 and propose different challenges that your colleague did not discuss related to counseling terminally ill patients. Then, provide an alternate course of action for this case.

 

Required Resources

Note: To access this week’s required library resources, please click on the link to the Course Readings List, found in the Course Materials section of your Syllabus.

Readings

  • Herlihy, B., & Corey, G. (2015). ACA ethical standards casebook (7th ed.). Alexandria, VA: American Counseling Association.
    • Chapter 6, “Counseling Minor Clients” (pp. 205–207)
    • Chapter 8, “Working With Clients Who May Harm Themselves” (pp. 231–237)
  • Remley, T. P., Jr., & Herlihy, B. (2016). Ethical, legal, and professional issues in counseling (5th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.
    • Chapter 11, “Counseling Children and Vulnerable Adults” (pp. 264-288)
    • Chapter 12, “Counseling Families and Groups” (pp. 289-310)
  • Diaz, A., Neal, W. P., Nucci, A. T., Ludmer, P., Bitterman, J., & Edwards, S. (2004). Legal and ethical issues facing adolescent health care professionals. Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine, 71(3), 181–185.
    Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.
  • Duba, J. D., & Magenta, M. (2008). End-of-life decision making: A preliminary outline for preparing counselors to work with terminally ill individuals. The Family Journal, 16(4), 384–390.
    Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.
  • Lawrence, G., & Robinson Kirpius, S. E. (2000). Legal and ethical issues involved when counseling minors in nonschool settings. Journal of Counseling & Development, 78(2), 130–136.
    Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.
  • Document: Case Study Analysis Worksheet (Word Document)

Case Studies

  • Herlihy, B., & Corey, G. (2015). ACA ethical standards casebook (7th ed.). Alexandria, VA: American Counseling Association.
    • “Case Study 11: A Legal Guardian Presses for Confidential Information” (pp. 207)
    • “Case Study 12: A Pregnant Teenager: A School Counselor’s Quandary” (pp. 211)
    • “Case Study 15: Suicide or a Well-Reasoned End-of-Life Decision?” (pp. 237)

Optional Resources

  • Crespi, T. D. (2009). Group counseling in the schools: Legal, ethical, and treatment issues in school practice. Psychology in the Schools, 46(3), 273–280.
    Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.
  • McCurdy, K. G., & Murray, K. C. (2003). Confidentiality issues when minor children disclose family secrets in family counseling. The Family Journal, 11(4), 393–398.
    Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.
  • Miller, C. P., & Forrest, A. W. (2009). Ethics of family narrative therapy. The Family Journal, 17(2), 156–159.
    Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.
  • Sommers-Flanagan, R. (2007). Ethical considerations in crisis and humanitarian interventions. Ethics & Behavior, 17(2), 187–202.
    Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.
  • Waggoner, E. A., Howard, R., & Markos, P. A. (2004). Ethical considerations for people who are homeless and mentally ill. Guidance & Counseling, 19(3), 132–138.
    Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.
 
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Off-Label Drug Use In Pediatrics

Off-Label Drug Use In Pediatrics

(Off-Label Drug Use In Pediatrics)

The unapproved use of approved drugs, also called off-label use, with children is quite common. This is because pediatric dosage guidelines are typically unavailable since very few drugs have been specifically researched and tested with children.

When treating children, prescribers often adjust dosages approved for adults to accommodate a child’s weight. However, children are not just “smaller” adults. Adults and children process and respond to drugs differently in their absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. Children even respond differently during stages from infancy to adolescence. This poses potential safety concerns when prescribing drugs to pediatric patients. As an advanced practice nurse, you have to be aware of safety implications of the off-label use of drugs with this patient group.

To prepare:(Off-Label Drug Use In Pediatrics)

· Review the Bazzano et al. and Mayhew articles in the Learning Resources. Reflect on situations in which children should be prescribed drugs for off-label use.

· Think about strategies to make the off-label use and dosage of drugs safer for children from infancy to adolescence. Consider specific off-label drugs that you think require extra care and attention when used in pediatrics.

With these thoughts in mind:

Post an explanation of circumstances under which children should be prescribed drugs for off-label use. Then, describe strategies to make the off-label use and dosage of drugs safer for children from infancy to adolescence. Include descriptions and names of off-label drugs that require extra care and attention when used in pediatrics.

This work should have Introduction and conclusion

– This work should have at 3 to 5current references (Year 2012 and up)

– Use at least 2 references from class Learning Resources

The following Resources are not acceptable:

1. Wikipedia

2. Cdc.gov- nonhealthcare professionals section

3. Webmd.com

4. Mayoclinic.com

Required Readings(Off-Label Drug Use In Pediatrics)

Arcangelo, V. P., Peterson, A. M., Wilbur, V., & Reinhold, J. A. (Eds.). (2017). Pharmacotherapeutics for advanced practice: A practical approach (4th ed.). Ambler, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

  • Review Chapter 4, “Principles      of Pharmacotherapy in Pediatrics” (pp. 53-63)
    This chapter explores concepts relating to drug selection, administration,      and interaction for pediatric patients. It also compares age-related      pharmacokinetic differences in children and adults.
  • Chapter 17, “Ophthalmic      Disorders” (pp. 221-243)
    This chapter examines the causes, pathophysiology, diagnostic criteria,      and drug treatment for four ophthalmic disorders: blepharitis,      conjunctivitis, keratoconjunctivitis sicca, and glaucoma. It also explores      methods of monitoring patient response to treatment.
  • Chapter 43,      “Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder” (pp. 743-756)
    This chapter explains the process of diagnosing      Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). It also identifies drugs      for treating patients with ADHD, including proper dosages, selected      adverse events, and special considerations for each drug.
  • Chapter 51, “Immunizations”      (pp. 906-926)
    This chapter explores vaccines that are licensed for use in the United      States and provides a recommended vaccination schedule for pediatric      patients and adults.
  • Chapter 52, “Smoking Cessation”      (pp. 927-943)
    This chapter examines clinical implications of smoking. It also covers      various approaches for aiding patients who are dependent on nicotine but      want to stop smoking.
  • Chapter 54, “Weight Loss” (pp. 945-956)
    This chapter begins by reviewing patient factors that contribute to      obesity. It also examines drug therapy for initiating weight loss in      patients, as well as alternative non-drug treatments.(Off-Label Drug Use In Pediatrics)

Bazzano, A. T, Mangione-Smith, R., Schonlau, M., Suttorp, M. J., & Brook, R. H. (2009). Off-label prescribing to children in the United States outpatient setting. Academic Pediatrics, 9(2), 81–88. 

This study examines the frequency of off-label prescribing to children and explores factors that impact off-label prescribing.

Mayhew, M. (2009). Off-label prescribing. The Journal for Nurse Practitioners, 5(2), 122–123. 

This article reviews the prevalence of off-label prescribing, including its benefits and risks. It also explores issues regarding the safety of off-label prescribing and when it is unavoidable.

Drugs.com. (2012). Retrieved from http://www.drugs.com/

This website presents a comprehensive review of prescription and over-the-counter drugs including information on common uses and potential side effects. It also provides updates relating to new drugs on the market, support from health professionals, and a drug-drug interactions checker.

Required Media

Laureate Education, Inc. (Executive Producer). (2012). Advanced pharmacology – Final course review. Baltimore, MD: Author. 

This media is an interactive final review covering course content.

 
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NSG 6101:Chronic Lung Disease: COPD Diagnosis

NSG 6101:Chronic Lung Disease: COPD Diagnosis

(NSG 6101:Chronic Lung Disease: COPD Diagnosis)

Please write a comment on this post. APA, citation  and reference. prefer CDC, healthy people 2020.

Mr. Barley is a 58-year-old well-developed male with a chief complaint of “a bad cough, mainly in the morning, last winter and this winter.” Cough produces “whitish phlegm”.  The history of present illness includes no complaint of chest pain, weight loss, or fever. There is also no noted nausea, vomiting or diarrhea. Also, of note, the coughing is not precipitated by choking, trembling/shaking, palpitations, sweating or chills.  Mr. Barley notes that he does have contact with chemicals on his farm, however, is cautious to use protective equipment.  He also notes that he has a long (26 year) history of smoking up to two packs of cigarettes per day though recently he has cut back to a half a pack per day. Mr. Barley also notes that he has no known allergies, has not traveled or been exposed to tuberculosis.  He also does not have leg swelling, orthopnea, or proximal nocturnal dyspnea (PND). Mr. Barley has no chronic illness noted in his past, only being seen for minor injuries, and has never been admitted to the hospital and only surgical history is a tonsillectomy at age 12. Mr. Barley takes no medications at this time. Mr. Barley’s social history includes being married for thirty-five years and has two adult daughters. He currently resides with his wife on their farm. Both of his daughters have families of their own. His past family history includes his mother whom he thinks has hypertension, and father who died of a stroke when he was seventy. His sisters and daughters have no known medical history.

(NSG 6101:Chronic Lung Disease: COPD Diagnosis)
To complete a focused physical exam a differential diagnosis must first be established. There are several potential causes of acute dyspnea with a cough including asthma, acute bronchitis, and new onset chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung cancer, and congestive heart failure (CHF).  (Buttaro, Trybulski, Polgar-Bailey, and Sandberg-Cook, 2017). It is unlikely that Mr. Barley has an active infection due to the lack of fever (current temp 98.9), chills, or change in color and consistency of the phlegm. At this time CHF may be set aside due to the lack of chest pain, edema in lower extremities, the absence of PND, and a blood pressure of 128/78. Therefore, a focused assessment relating to the respiratory system is warranted at this visit.  According to Petty (2001), the National Lung Health Education Program (NLHEP) began a campaign to introduce early assessment, intervention, and diagnosis of chronic lung disease in individuals who smoke.  It was recommended that individuals older than forty-five complete an in-office spirometry exam to indicate risk for chronic lung diseases such as asthma, chronic bronchitis, COPD, and lung cancers.(NSG 6101:Chronic Lung Disease: COPD Diagnosis)

State-of-the-Art Overview of COPD and its Management | PPT

A general physical exam will assess Mr. Barley’s general appearance, vital signs, head, eyes, ears, nose, throat, neck, lungs, heart, abdomen, and extremities. The focused assessment for COPD will include auscultation of breath sounds specifically looking for wheezing/end expiratory wheezing, assessment of anterior-posterior (AP) diameter of the chest, and prolonged expiratory phase and evidence of a change in the suprasternal notch.  Mr. Barley is noted to have a laryngeal height of 2cm from the sternal notch, increased AP diameter, and diffuse end-expiratory wheezes in addition to self-admittance of long-term smoking.  These findings are indicative of a COPD diagnosis.(NSG 6101:Chronic Lung Disease: COPD Diagnosis)

The GOLD standard for assessment of COPD is the use of spirometry to assess for airway obstruction. (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD), 2016). Buttaro, Trybulski, Polgar-Bailey, and Sandberg-Cook (2017) state that additional tests should include pulse oximetry, laboratory studies of complete blood count (CBC) with differential, arterial blood gas (ABG), and alpha 1 antitrypsin, and that imaging including a chest x-ray is suggested. Within the case study, pulmonary function testing (spirometry) is completed indicating that the diagnosis of COPD was accurate.  At this time, I would also have completed baseline blood work including the suggested CBC, ABG, alpha 1 antitrypsin, and imaging of chest x-ray. Though the spirometry exam is the gold standard and indicative of COPD, identifying baseline images and laboratory information will provide information when an exacerbation occurs or the disease progresses.

(NSG 6101:Chronic Lung Disease: COPD Diagnosis)

This diagnosis may be a shock for Mr. Barley and written information will need to be provided about COPD, what changes in symptoms will mean, and the addition of maintenance medications. Studies have shown that patient education and nonpharmacologic interventions are factors which decrease the incidence of COPD emergencies. (Lloyd and Garside, 2017).  It is also necessary to discuss with Mr. Barley the need to quit smoking, assessment of his readiness to quit because smoking is the primary cause of chronic lung disease. (Lloyd and Garside, 2017). Mr. Barley should also be aware that smoking cessation will also decrease his current risk of premature morbidity related to COPD related illnesses. (Petty, 2001).

At this point, it is necessary to support Mr. Barley emotionally as well.  Information about support groups both in person and online should be provided. Resources for additional information about COPD should be supplied as well.(NSG 6101:Chronic Lung Disease: COPD Diagnosis)

Education on medications including the use of metered dose inhalers (MDI)/inhaled bronchodilators and corticosteroids should also be discussed. It is important to reinforce that no medication will reverse the disease process however, these medications will reduce the severity of the symptoms felt by Mr. Barley. (Buttaro, Trybulski, Polgar-Bailey, and Sandberg-Cook, 2017). An assessment of Mr. Barley’s current knowledge on how to use MDI’s and preferred learning style is necessary to determine the type of education utilized.  The use of demonstration/ return demonstration was utilized within the case study and is a measurable way to assess assimilated knowledge from teaching. It is also important to discuss with Mr. Barley when to seek medical attention in the future relating to his COPD which includes changes in breathing quality (i.e. increased dyspnea) and productive cough with changes in phlegm amount, color or thickness. (Bostock-Cox, 2017). A preventative measure that Mr. Barley can take is to be sure to stay current on his immunizations including pertussis (DTaP), influenza, and pneumococcus. Seo, Hong, Kim, Choi, Baek, Lee, Song, Lee, Cheong, and Kim (2013) indicate that the influenza vaccine does decrease the risk of COPD exacerbations requiring hospitalization by 27 %. Follow up appointments should be set up to ascertain the effectiveness of the medications and further understanding of Mr. Barley’s diagnosis, perhaps to include his wife and or daughters. Follow up appointments also yield information about depression related to changes in health status as well as an opportunity to assess for weight gain related to corticosteroid use and assessment of smoking cessation.

Chronic Lung Disease: COPD Diagnosis

Comment:

The case study presents a comprehensive assessment of a patient with chronic cough and dyspnea, leading to a diagnosis of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). The structured approach outlined in the assignment aligns with the principles of evidence-based practice, emphasizing differential diagnosis, focused physical examination, and diagnostic tests such as spirometry. The incorporation of guidelines from reputable sources like the National Lung Health Education Program (NLHEP) and the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) enhances the clinical reasoning process. Moreover, the emphasis on patient education, smoking cessation, and preventive measures underscores a holistic approach to COPD management, aiming to improve patient outcomes and quality of life. The utilization of credible references such as CDC and Healthy People 2020 adds validity to the recommendations provided in the case study. Overall, the assignment demonstrates a thorough understanding of COPD assessment and management within a primary care setting.

Reference: Buttaro, T. M., Trybulski, J., Polgar-Bailey, P., & Sandberg-Cook, J. (2017). Primary Care: A Collaborative Practice (5th ed.). Elsevier Health Sciences.

CDC. (n.d.). Healthy People 2020. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/healthy_people/hp2020.htm

 
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