statistics:frequency distribution assignment

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statistics:frequency distribution

(statistics:frequency distribution assignment)

Plot the frequency distribution for “Age at Enrollment” by hand or by using SPSS, statistics

Question description

Complete Exercise 10 and 26 in Statistics for Nursing Research: A Workbook for Evidence-Based Practice, and submit as directed by the instructor.

Exercise 10(statistics:frequency distribution assignment)

1. What are the frequency and percentage of the COPD patients in the severe airflow limitation group who are employed in the Eckerblad et al. (2014) study?

2. What percentage of the total sample is retired? What percentage of the total sample is on sick leave?

3. What is the total sample size of this study? What frequency and percentage of the total sample were still employed? Show your calculations and round your answer to the nearest whole percent.

4. What is the total percentage of the sample with a smoking history—either still smoking or former smokers? Is the smoking history for study participants clinically important? Provide a rationale for your answer.

5. What are pack years of smoking? Is there a significant difference between the moderate and severe airflow limitation groups regarding pack years of smoking? Provide a rationale for your answer.

6. What were the four most common psychological symptoms reported by this sample of patients with COPD? What percentage of these subjects experienced these symptoms? Was there a significant difference between the moderate and severe airflow limitation groups for psychological symptoms?

7. What frequency and percentage of the total sample used short-acting β 2 -agonists? Show your calculations and round to the nearest whole percent.

8. Is there a significant difference between the moderate and severe airflow limitation groups regarding the use of short-acting β 2 -agonists? Provide a rationale for your answer.

9. Was the percentage of COPD patients with moderate and severe airflow limitation using short-acting β 2 -agonists what you expected? Provide a rationale with documentation for your answer.

10. Are these findings ready for use in practice? Provide a rationale for your answer.

Exercise 26(statistics:frequency distribution assignment)

1. Plot the frequency distribution for “Age at Enrollment” by hand or by using SPSS.

2. How would you characterize the skewness of the distribution in Question 1—positively skewed, negatively skewed, or approximately normal? Provide a rationale for your answer.

3. Compare the original skewness statistic and Shapiro-Wilk statistic with those of the smaller dataset ( n = 15) for the variable “Age at First Arrest.” How did the statistics change, and how would you explain these differences?

4. Plot the frequency distribution for “Years of Education” by hand or by using SPSS.

5. How would you characterize the kurtosis of the distribution in Question 4—leptokurtic, mesokurtic, or platykurtic? Provide a rationale for your answer.

6. What is the skewness statistic for “Age at Enrollment”? How would you characterize the magnitude of the skewness statistic for “Age at Enrollment”?

7. What is the kurtosis statistic for “Years of Education”? How would you characterize the magnitude of the kurtosis statistic for “Years of Education”?

8. Using SPSS, compute the Shapiro-Wilk statistic for “Number of Times Fired from Job.” What would you conclude from the results?

9. In the SPSS output table titled “Tests of Normality,” the Shapiro-Wilk statistic is reported along with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistic. Why is the Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistic inappropriate to report for these example data?

10. How would you explain the skewness statistic for a particular frequency distribution being low and the Shapiro-Wilk statistic still being significant at p < 0.05?

 
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Inner Motivations: Counseling SelfReflection

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Inner Motivations: Counseling Self-Reflection

(Inner Motivations: Counseling SelfReflection)

Engaging in counseling is akin to embarking on a journey of self-discovery, both for the client and the counselor. Reflecting on my inner motivations, I find a profound desire to facilitate growth and healing in others. This stems from a genuine empathy for the human experience and a belief in the innate capacity for individuals to overcome challenges.

My own journey of self-awareness has equipped me with the humility to acknowledge that I, too, am a work in progress. This recognition fuels my commitment to creating a safe and non-judgmental space for clients to explore their thoughts, emotions, and behaviors.

Moreover, I am driven by the belief that everyone deserves to live a fulfilling and authentic life. This conviction propels me to continually hone my counseling skills, staying abreast of new theories and techniques to better serve those who entrust me with their innermost struggles.

Ultimately, my inner motivations in counseling are rooted in a deep-seated passion for fostering positive change and empowerment. Through self-reflection and introspection, I strive to embody the values of empathy, compassion, and authenticity in my therapeutic practice, guiding clients towards greater self-understanding and resilience.

(Inner Motivations: Counseling SelfReflection)

Assignment 2: Discussion Questions: MotivatorsCounseling students enter the field for various reasons. You may or may not be aware that inner motivations guide your behavior and career choices.

Assignment 2: Discussion Questions: 

MotivatorsCounseling students enter the field for various reasons. You may or may not be aware that inner motivations guide your behavior and career choices. Motivation plays an important role in undertaking and completing the requirements of your course. Therefore, it is important to understand your motivations for being a counselor or sport psychologist.Each of you must have experienced positive and negative motivation, as well as a loss of motivation, at different times during your life. In this connection, describe the following:

What are your positive motivations for becoming a counselor or sport psychologist?

Describe the reasons why you entered the field and the positive contributions you think you can make.

What are your negative motivations for becoming a counselor or sport psychologist?

Describe reasons you entered the field that you may need to explore or be cautious about.

If you do not gain insight into these negative motivations, how could this impact you or your clients?

Remember to be specific and go beyond “I want to help others” or “I am the one everyone turns to.”Submit your responses to these questions to the Discussion Area by the due date assigned.Through the end of the module, read and review the responses submitted by at least two of your peers. Participate in the discussion by asking questions, providing or asking for statements of clarification, and drawing conclusions. Offer your own assessments of the motivations mentioned by your peers. All written assignments and responses should follow APA rules for attributing sources.Assignment 2 Grading Criteria Maximum PointsPositive motivations provided show a level of self-awareness of inner motivations and outward goals and objectives.4Provided at least one negative motivation.4Clearly described the anticipated impact on self and clients on lack of insight.8Critiqued and assessed the responses submitted by at least two of your peers.8Wrote in a clear, concise, and organized manner; demonstrated ethical scholarship in accurate representation and attribution of sources, displayed accurate spelling, grammar, and punctuation.4Total:28

 
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Amphetamine Use and Abuse Paper Help

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Amphetamine Use and Abuse Paper Help

Aaliyah continues to struggle with balancing her work hours and her schoolwork. She has been drinking coffee to help her stay awake, but it is no longer working. She has an exam coming up and needs to stay up to study (Amphetamine Use and Abuse Paper Help).

Aaliyah decides to take an amphetamine to stay awake to study for the exam. She promises herself that she will only take it this one time for the exam. The drug allows her to stay awake and alert while she is studying for the exam. She also feels that she is learning the material better because of the amphetamine. When the grades are in, Aaliyah receives an A on her work.

As the semester continues, Aaliyah turns to amphetamines more and more often to help her stay awake to complete her schoolwork. Soon, Aaliyah finds that one pill no longer keeps her awake if she needs.

She starts taking more than one pill at a time. She knows that taking amphetamines so often is not good for her health, and she finds she experiences an increase in headaches when she takes them, but she continues to take them because they are helping her be successful in school and at work.

Based on the case study, prepare a paper that addresses the following:

· Examine the change in amphetamine use and abuse in the U.S. from the 1950s to the present.

· Explain to which schedule amphetamines belong and why they are on the Schedule of Controlled Substances.

· Explain the effects Aaliyah might be experiencing because of her regular amphetamine use. Be sure to include:

o Acute effects, chronic effects, and withdrawal

o Effects on physiology (brain and body), behavior, mood, and toxicity

· Give at least three indications from the case study suggesting there may be a problem with Aaliyah’s substance use. That is, describe at least three likely behaviors that Aaliyah is likely to exhibit if she is misusing amphetamines.

Determine whether Aaliyah has a substance use disorder. Include a discussion of DSM criteria. Use the template to help you make the assessment.

Download the diagnosis template to use with this assignment.

Diagnosis Template: 

Place a check in front of each symptom that is present

o Substance is taken in larger amounts or for longer periods than intended

o A persistent desire or unsuccessful attempts to cut down or regulate substance use

o A great deal of time spent obtaining the substance, using the substance, or recovering from substance use

o An intense desire or urge for the substance o Use results in failure to fulfill major obligations at work, home, or school

o Continued use despite social or interpersonal problems caused or exacerbated by the substance use

o Important social, occupational, or recreational activities are given up or reduced because of the substance use (Amphetamine Use and Abuse Paper Help)

o Recurrent use in situations where it is physically hazardous

o Continued use despite persistent or recurrent physical or psychological problems that occur because of or exacerbated by substance use

o Tolerance

o Need for more of the substance to achieve desired effect

o Markedly diminished effect when using the same amount of the substance

o Withdrawal 

o Presence of characteristic withdrawal syndrome when the substance is not present

o Using the substance to alleviate withdrawal symptoms

(Note: Criteria of tolerance and withdrawal are not considered to be met for those individuals taking medications under appropriate medical supervision)

Two or more checks on this list = substance use disorder (Amphetamine Use and Abuse Paper Help)

Reference

American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2013-14907-000

 
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Nursing/ English:Fiction Analysis

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Nursing/ English:Fiction Analysis

(Nursing/ English:Fiction Analysis)

Fiction Analysis – Final Draft

By the due date assigned, submit your revised analytical essay on short fiction as a Microsoft Word document.

 Revise the Week 4 analytical essay by doing the following:

  1. Consider how you want to incorporate the ideas and arguments from the outside source you located for your Week 5 scholarly article discussion. Include at least one quotation from the source in your final draft. Be sure to use APA style to cite it appropriately in the body of the essay and in the references section.
  2. Consider the feedback you received on your rough draft from your instructor, peers, and Smarthinking (if submitted for review), and determine what changes you want to make. Do you need a more engaging opener or a stronger thesis? Do you need to reinforce your arguments and add more supporting evidence? Do you have areas to develop or clarify? Are you satisfied with your conclusion?
  3. Once you have revised the essay, review it for editing issues. Run the spell checker and grammar checker in Word, and then proofread, looking for typos the checkers might have missed. Read it out loud to listen for awkward places and fine tune the flow.
  4. Make sure you have applied APA rules of style to source citations as well as the overall formatting of your essay. 

 Submit the essay to the Submissions Area when you are happy with your finished product.

Attachments

The story A Clean, Well-Lighted Place is narrated using the third person perspective. The descriptions used are in the person far away. An example is seen when the narrator says “He had better get off the street now. The guard will get him”.      

The third person perspective has a narrator who tells a story about other characters. He is not involved. This creates a distance between the narrator and the active characters in the story. The overall effect of this to my reading and interpretation is that am not drawn into story world making it uneasy to understand and make arguments. On the other hand, he uses pronouns for example “he” making it limited perspective. This causes establishment of tension since the narrator does not know everything about the story hence building curiosity.

On application of the first narration, the reader is drawn into the story making it more readable and interesting. This will make the narrative improve on its reason which is to inform and entertain. On the other hand, it can limit what the story teller knows about the characters limiting the flow of the narrative. If the second perspective was employed in the story chosen, it could make the story less interesting and readable as it is cumbersome and awkward. Its main effect is that it narrates emotions and feeling of the reader to them (Harper, 2004). This is not up to the mark for a fictitious story. The effect of changing the perspective in the story lies in both advantages and disadvantages. On the same, the merits are outweighed by the demerits hence the narration in the story should not be changed due to readability.

Reference

Hemingway,E. (2013). A clean well-lighted place. In X.J Kennedy and D Gioia(Eds.) The Literature Collection: An E-Text [VitalSource digital version] (p. 49). Boston, MA: Pearson Education, Inc.

 
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Setting’s Influence: Play Analysis

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Setting’s Influence: Play Analysis

(Setting’s Influence: Play Analysis)

The setting in a play significantly shapes the narrative, characters, and themes. It serves as the backdrop against which the drama unfolds, contributing to the atmosphere and tone of the piece. Whether a play is set in a bustling metropolis, a quaint village, or a desolate landscape, each setting carries its own symbolic weight, influencing the actions and decisions of the characters.

For instance, a play set in a claustrophobic, run-down apartment might evoke feelings of confinement and despair, amplifying the tension between characters. Conversely, a lush, idyllic countryside setting might symbolize innocence and tranquility, contrasting sharply with any conflicts that arise.

Furthermore, the historical and cultural context of the setting can provide insight into the characters’ motivations and societal norms of the time period. By immersing the audience in a specific environment, playwrights can explore universal themes in a more nuanced and relatable manner.

Ultimately, the setting in a play acts as a powerful tool for storytelling, enhancing the audience’s understanding of the characters and their struggles while offering a rich tapestry against which the drama unfolds.

(Setting’s Influence: Play Analysis)

English/ Nursing

By the due date assigned, post your response of at least 150-200 words to the Discussion Area. By the end of the week, comment on at least two of your classmates’ submissions.

IMPORTANT NOTE: Your instructor will assign a play for the class to read and will post the information as a Week 3 Announcement (i.e., The Glass Menagerie, Trifles, or A Doll’s House).

Prompt: The setting (space, place, and time) forms the backdrop and defines the atmosphere for a play. Settings sometimes symbolically present plot and character issues. For example, a locked door could represent an obstacle within a character’s life. At other times, the setting can limit or permit the characters’ actions.

Think about the setting in the play you read. Consider these aspects:

  • Physical space in which the story is placed (confined or open, small or large, limited to one place or not)
  • Cultural and social landscape in which the story is situated
  • Time in which the action takes place (time of day, year, era, or century)
  • Stage directions, including lighting, music, and placement of props

Discuss the setting and stage directions in the play you read. Does the setting produce certain responses from the audience? In what ways does the setting influence the events? Does the setting constrain or liberate the characters? How does the setting reflect the central ideas of the play?

Tips: Remember to provide evidence for your claims in the form of quoted passages from the play. Quotations, paraphrases, and summaries should be cited according to APA rules of style, including in-text and reference citations. Quoted material should not exceed 25% of the document.

Williams, The Glass Menagerie is the play.

 
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Child Maltreatment Policies Brochure

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Child Maltreatment Policies Brochure

(Child Maltreatment Policies Brochure)

This assignment focuses on analyzing policies about child maltreatment in the United States where, as noted in the Week Three Instructor Guidance and the Rubin (2012) recommended readings for Week Three, it is a growing national issue. This assignment is another opportunity to further apply 21st century technology skills as you create an informational brochure meant to inform the public in a variety of potential environments about child maltreatment in the United States and in a specific state of your choosing.

Your finished brochure will be included in your website as part of the Week Six Final Project. Beyond reading the Week Three Instructor Guidance and the recommended chapters from Rubin (2012), review the State of California (2014) website resources for services related to children’s and youth health, the CDCP (2014) website about preventing child maltreatment, the Child Help (2014) website programs page, and the CAPA (2014) webpage about their programs and services to learn about child maltreatment and policies related thereto.

Create your assignment using the content and written communication instructions below. Use the Grading Rubric to review your assignment before submission to ensure you have met the distinguished performance for each of the components described below.For additional assistance, review the Week Three Instructor Guidance and, if needed, contact the instructor for further clarifications using the Ask Your Instructor discussion. Additionally, add the flyer as a link or attachment to the page on your website titled Child Protection Services & Child Maltreatment.

The figure shows potential influences of child maltreatment throughout the lifespan. Child maltreatment results in immediate physical or emotional harm or threat of harm to a child. However, it also affects health across the lifespan by contributing to social, emotional, and cognitive impairments that, in turn, can lead to health risk behaviors and then to disease, injury, disability, and ultimately to early death.

FIGURE. Potential influences of child maltreatment throughout the lifespan

Content Instructions
Using a digital software program such as Microsoft Publisher or Lucidpress.com, create a single-page, 3-panel, front-to back brochure that informs the public about the realities of child maltreatment in the United States and a specific state of your choosing. The brochure should be designed to appeal to audiences in a variety of settings, such as offices of school counselors or nurses, community centers and outreach facilities, public health facilities, and social services departments. Use the “Save As” option to save your brochure as a PDF. Submit the PDF version as your assignment for evaluation and include the attachment or link if constructed from an online source such as Lucidpress to your website.

  • Title (1 point): Include an engaging title for the brochure.
  • Maltreatment Information (2 points): Include a description of what constitutes child maltreatment, abuse, or neglect; tips for prevention, tips for parents or caregivers, and reporting abuse. Include at least two supporting resources cited in-text and in a References section.
  • Statistical Data (1 point): Include at least three items of statistical data, audience-appropriate graphics, and two-to-three points about child maltreatment in the United States and your selected state. Include at least two supporting resources cited in-text and in a References section.
  • Policy or Program Resource (3 points): Describe at least two policies, programs, models, or other source of support for parents, caregivers, schools, or others. Include at least two supporting resources cited in-text and in a References section.
  • References: (1 point): Include a references section with at least four scholarly sources in addition to the Rubin (2012) textbook for any summarized, paraphrased, or quoted material in your brochure, including images and graphics

           All sources in the references section to be used and cited correctly within the body of the assignment.

  • Formatting (1 points): Brochure is a PDF, 8.5×11 inches in size, single-page, 3-panel, front-to-back design that uses graphics, and has a consistent theme/format to augment the readability of the brochure.
 
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Literacy Enrichment: Book Strategies

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Literacy Enrichment: Book Strategies

(Literacy Enrichment: Book Strategies)

One effective strategy is promoting diverse reading materials, including various genres, formats, and cultures, to cater to different interests and perspectives. Encouraging interactive reading activities, such as shared reading sessions, where caregivers and children take turns reading aloud, can improve language development and comprehension skills. Additionally, incorporating multimedia resources like audiobooks and e-books can make reading more accessible and engaging for diverse learners.

Furthermore, employing pre-reading activities like picture walks and predicting outcomes can activate prior knowledge and build anticipation, enhancing comprehension. Post-reading discussions and activities encourage critical thinking and deepen understanding by prompting readers to reflect on the story’s themes, characters, and plot elements. Moreover, integrating literacy into daily routines, such as labeling household items or playing word games, reinforces literacy skills in authentic contexts.

Ultimately, creating a supportive and enriching literacy environment involves combining various strategies tailored to individual needs and interests. By implementing these approaches consistently, educators and caregivers can nurture a lifelong passion for reading and equip learners with essential literacy skills for success in academics and beyond.

Description

Select an appropriate book to share with a group of learners. When selecting a book, consider the age group you will be working with. The book should support the relationship between language and literacy development for the chosen age group.

Once a book is selected, develop three literacy strategies outlining how to use this book. The strategies must consider multiple intelligences that support the relationship between language development and literacy.

In 750, include the following:

  1. Description of the selected book and how it supports the relationship between oral language and literacy development for the age group chosen. Provide supporting evidence.
  2. Description of three literacy strategies to use with the book that will encourage language and literacy development. Provide supporting evidence.
  3. Explanation how these strategies support literacy for learners with language deficiencies, if not, describe what modifications could be made. Provide supporting evidence.

Use 3-5 scholarly resources.

 
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Memorial Hospital management

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Memorial Hospital, management homework help

(Memorial Hospital management)

Question description

Memorial Hospital*** Answer each question(label each one) in paragraph form using full complete detailed sentences *** Paragraphs consist of 4 to 5 sentences**Must include plagiarism report***Graduate level work !!!!!! Original and good quality work required!!!!Must have and introduction and conclusion paragraph and 3 scholarly sources MUST be used!!!!

Read the “Memorial Hospital” case study in Chapter 4 of your text. In a three- to four-page paper, respond to the guided response below.

Memorial Hospital

Memorial Hospital is a privately owned 600-bed facility. The hospital provides a broad range of health care services, including complete laboratory and X-ray facilities, an emergency room, an intensive care unit, a cardiac care unit, and a psychiatric ward. Most of these services are provided by several other hospitals in the metropolitan area. Memorial has purposely avoided getting involved in any specialized fields of medicine or obtaining very specialized diagnostic equipment because it was felt that such services would not be cost-effective. The General Hospital, located only a few miles from Memorial, is affiliated with the local School of Medicine and offers up-to-date services in those specialized areas. Instead of trying to compete with General Hospital to provide special services, Memorial Hospital has concentrated on offering high-quality general health care at an affordable price. Compared with the much larger General Hospital, Memorial stresses close personal attention to each patient from a nursing staff that cares about its work. In fact, the hospital has begun to place ads in newspapers and on television, stressing its patient-oriented care.

However, the hospital’s administrator, Janice Fry, is concerned about whether the hospital can really deliver on its promises, and worries that failure to provide the level of health care patients expect could drive patients away. Janice met recently with the hospital’s managerial personnel to discuss her concerns. The meeting raised some questions about how the hospital’s quality of health care could be assured. Jessica Tu, director of nursing, raised the question, “How do we measure the quality of health care? Do we give patients a questionnaire when they leave, asking if they were happy here? That does not seem to answer the question because we could make a patient happy, but give them lousy health care.” Several other questions were asked concerning the hospital’s efforts to keep costs down. Some people were concerned that an emphasis on costs would be detrimental to quality. They argued that when a person’s life is at stake, costs should not be of concern.

After the meeting, Janice began thinking about these questions. She remembered reading recently that some companies were using total quality management (TQM) to improve their quality. She liked the idea—if it could be used in a hospital.

  •   Discuss ways that a hospital might measure quality. Be sure to explain your reasoning.
  • Explain the potential costs and failures of quality for Memorial Hospital and discuss how each can be measured.
  • Discuss ideas or techniques from TQM that Janice could use to help Memorial focus on providing quality health care.
  • Analyze the methods Memorial could use to assess the quality of health care it is providing.

Your paper should be in paragraph form (avoid the use of bullet points) and supported with the concepts outlined in your text and additional scholarly sources.

Submit your three- to four-page paper (not including the title and reference pages). Your paper must be formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center and must cite at least three scholarly sources in addition to the textbook.

 
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theoretical frameworks influence

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MN502-2: Explain how theoretical frameworks influence advance, business and finance homework help

(theoretical frameworks influence)

Question description

MN502-2: Explain how theoretical frameworks influence advance.

Purpose

The purpose of this Assignment is to explore how a theorist explicates his or her philosophy and thoughts behind a theoretical field. As in other fields of study, nursing has a plethora of theorists and theories. These theorists have developed their paradigm over time enriching it with research and dialogue with other theorists.

Directions

You are going to explore how a theorist of your choice created his or her theory. Did it develop as an acorn becoming a mighty oak over the decades? Did it arrive as a burst of light like the big bang as some believe created our universe? Was it developed from a blueprint like a spaceship where thousands of scholars worked together to create a rocket to the moon? In point of fact, how is a theory developed? This is what we are exploring.

You will pick a theorist who interests you, it does not have to be a nurse theorist. You may also choose from other disciplines such as: behavioral, leadership, business, education, technology.

You will become the theorist immersing yourself in the writings from the earliest mentioned to the most current.

As you read, look at how you (taking on the persona of the theorist) developed the theory.

In the first stage, theorizing occurs. This is where you, as the theorist, identify the concepts of what nursing is and is not. Perhaps you questioned what concepts were guiding those in nursing practice and then started to question your role. You started asking yourself, “Where am I in nursing, and where the profession is going? Is there some overarching concept that guides the professional in his or her practice?” This is where you recognize that a theory is needed.

In the second stage, syntax is developed. This is where you will define the terms. Look for changing definitions of terms. Consider, for example, Jean Watson. She starts by defining the word “caring.” Within the last ten years she has refined her terminology changing the term caring to caritas. This demonstrates a growth and maturation from decades of research she and other scholars did to produce the theory of caring.

The third stage is theory testing. Defined as the phenomena behind the theory that are exposed through research. The definitions of terms are refined. The theorists and other researchers consider whether this theory helps answer questions that arise in practice. This is where your theory is used in by a widening group of researchers. For example, graduate nursing students request the tool you developed while testing your theory.

The fourth and last stage is evaluation. This is where philosophical debate occurs as the concepts are applied through evidenced based practice in the act of providing nursing care.

Assignment Details

For this Assignment, you are going to write an article for a nursing journal explaining how you developed your theory through the four stages (theorizing, syntax, theory testing, and evaluation). Your paper must be 3 to 5 pages, not including the title and reference pages.

To view the Grading Rubric for this Assignment, please visit the Grading Rubrics section of the Course Home.

Assignment Requirements

Before finalizing your work, you should:

  • be sure to read the Assignment description carefully (as displayed above);
  • consult the Grading Rubric (under the Course Home) to make sure you have included everything necessary; and
  • utilize spelling and grammar check to minimize errors.

Your writing Assignment should:

  • follow the conventions of Standard American English (correct grammar, punctuation, etc.);
  • be well ordered, logical, and unified, as well as original and insightful;
  • display superior content, organization, style, and mechanics; and
  • use APA 6th Edition format.
 
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Promoting Health Care Quality

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Promoting Health Care Quality

(Promoting Health Care Quality)

Quality Measurement and Assessment

Measuring and assessing quality provides a foundation for identifying needs for improvement, developing effective interventions, and then monitoring progress toward desired results.

In the Sadeghi, Barzi, Mikhail, and Shabot text, the authors assert that an effort to improve quality “calls for setting outcome and performance targets (goals and expectations) beginning with the end in mind, and then formulating initiatives and actions (processes) that can serve as a bridge to take the organization from its current performance to its desired performance” (p. 182).

Having this “end in mind” can provide justification for dedicating valuable resources toward the effort, and help to lay a clear, concrete path that takes the organization from uncovering gaps between current performance and evidence-based targets to actually achieving those goals.

In this section of the Course Project, you focus on what you would measure—and how you would measure it—relative to your previously identified quality improvement issue. Note: This section of the Course Project will serve as the Portfolio Assignment for this course.

To prepare:

  • Review the Learning Resources. Also conduct a search of the literature related to your selected quality improvement issue and complete the Evidence Matrix (provided in this week’s Learning Resources).
  • Evaluate the evidence presented in the research literature and the quality standards proposed by various organizations, including the IOM’s six aims for quality improvement.
  • Based on this review and your knowledge of the organization that you have selected, determine appropriate measures and indicators of performance related to your identified quality improvement issue.
  • Consider how you could gather and use historical evidence of the organization’s performance related to the quality improvement issue. Also consider methods for gathering and assessing current quantitative and qualitative data, including those currently in use by the organization (e.g., chart audit data, staff surveys, quality indicators that are monitored, observations). If possible, examine actual data to assess your selected organization’s performance related to the issue.
  • Think about what, specifically, you would like to achieve related to this issue. Establish realistic, evidence-based quality performance targets.
  • Analyze gap(s) between the organization’s current performance and the performance targets.
  • As you do this, you may wish to create a graphic organizer/alignment chart for your own use that illustrates:
    • The measures and indicators that you would evaluate
    • Current and historical data related to this quality issue—either actual data or methods for how you would collect and analyze the data
    • Methods for collecting and analyzing data in the future (including when you would do this)
    • Realistic, evidence-based targets
 
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