linear programming problem

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linear programming problem , English homework help

(linear programming problem)

Question description

Below refers to the full instructions for your project.

For this assignment, submit 1-2 full paragraphs, covering a thorough description of your topic. An answer to this question is required for submission: What do you want to know, and why do you want to know it? Include any questions you have for me in your topic assignment, and be sure to follow the writing guidelines. Make it easy on yourself. Here, you’ll want, to begin with an idea. Try and have as narrow a topic as possible. Please feel free to see (or email) me to try and narrow this down. One sure-fire way to pick a good topic is to review your syllabus. What looks interesting to you? What jumps out at you? What do you want to know more about? You may write about any topic that relates to the course themes.

Incremental Research Paper Guidelines

In this course, we’ll be going through a research paper writing process enabling you to take steps toward the final project over the course of the term. The following are incremental assignment directions you will follow. Research can be daunting and rewarding at the same time, and this class enables us all to work closely together in a group and pairs throughout the term.

  1. In the beginning: Choose a topic easily narrowed down to fit within the confines set forth herein. The final paper should be a minimum of eight pages or a maximum of ten pages in length ¾ Strictly follow the required writing guidelines in the syllabus. I am here to assist you with the process along the way.
  2. References Page: A works cited page, also known as the bibliography page, is required for some of your increment assignments. Your incremental papers should contain bibliographies-in-progress, reflecting any additions to or subtractions from your research findings pertinent to your subject (separate from the annotations). Always double-check with me about your sources if you’re uncertain about their legitimacy. For the most part, academic journal articles and most books are admissible as academic – texts like Time, USA Today or Cosmopolitan may or may not be advisable, but always check with me first. Remember to cite accordingly, including information garnered from class lectures, television and radio programs and other media sources. Please use the latest edition of Chicago Manual of Style (CMS), MLA (Modern Languages Association) or APA (American Psychological Association). Copies of the Style Guides located at the BC Library and Media Center in the reference section as well as online. Please use caution when garnering information taken from sources more than ten years old.
  3. Suggested steps involved in writing a research paper:(linear programming problem)
  • Find a subject.
  • Do preliminary research on the subject.
  • Ask yourself why this research is important to you. You may want to sit back after you’ve looked at your thesis or research question and ask, “So what?” Try to think about why the issue is important. This is a good way to narrow down the topic and decide if the topic is one you want to pursue. Being stuck with a topic you’ve got no passion about is a terrible experience – trust me on that!
  • Prepare a preliminary bibliography that you will revise and return to often. Note down the most interesting reads so that you can use those readings for your Annotated Bibliography.
  • Take notes from appropriate sources (for some learners, it is helpful to use note cards).
  • Begin to construct a brief draft that explicitly describes your topic, thesis statement, and relevancy. This piece should be seen as a guide to the rest of the research and writing process.
  • Begin your Annotated Bibliography to accompany some of your increments (see schedule for details). Keep it going, and add to it according to the syllabus directions. Remember that you can always turn in more annotations than is outlined in the syllabus.
  • Write the first
  • Revise the draft. Make sure there is a clear, strong introduction that maps out the problem/issue you are looking at and tells the reader what your intentions are for the remainder of the paper. Be sure to have a strong conclusion, perhaps discussing options for further research.
  • Insert your in-text citations at the Revision stage.
  • Finalize the research paper.
  1. A research paper receiving an “A” as a final grade will be free of mechanical errors. It is advisable to have someone else proofread the paper before submitting it. Grades are based on content, presentation, and the ability to follow the guidelines outlined in these instructions.
  2. Please review your concluding paragraph(s) carefully. A good conclusion restates the thesis while summarizing your main points. If the thesis and conclusion are consistent, not only with each other but also the main points, you will have clearly and competently presented your research and arguments.(linear programming problem)

Incremental Assignments (1-4 are 25 points; Final Paper is 125 points):

  1. Research topic descriptionFor this assignment, submit 1-2 full paragraphs, covering a thorough description of your topic. An answer to this question is required for submission: What do you want to know, and why do you want to know it? Include any questions you have for me in your topic assignment, and be sure to follow the writing guidelines. Make it easy on yourself. Here, you’ll want, to begin with an idea. Try and have as narrow a topic as possible. Please feel free to see (or email) me to try and narrow this down. One sure-fire way to pick a good topic is to review your syllabus. What looks interesting to you? What jumps out at you? What do you want to know more about? You may write about any topic that relates to the course themes.
  2. Research Proposal, Two Annotated Bibliographies, Working Bibliography
    Your Research Proposal demonstrates a firm grasp on your topic and research question/s. If you are passionate about the subject, this will not be difficult. Your proposal should be 1-2 full pages. Remember that cover pages and bibliographies do not count as pages due for your text (in this case, your Proposal). I want to know the following:
  3. Brief, yet explicit description of your topic. Remember to keep it focused. Your final paper is not to be more than ten pages (again, not including your working and annotated bibliographies). You may find that you simply restate your Topic, but most students have had to narrow the scope since the topic was submitted.
  4. How does your topic tie in with course content? What concepts and readings apply?
  5. What research have you done at this point?
  6. What further research do you intend on doing to complete the assignment?
  7. Finally, include an attached working bibliography of at least five sources; two of which must range from scholarly books and journals, specialized encyclopedias, government documents, relevant websites (that you check out for legitimacy). Start to think about which reading materials you want to use for your annotations.
  8. Choose any two of your resources and include as an Annotated Bibliography.
  • What’s an annotated bibliography (Links to an external site.)?
    An annotated bibliography is simply a regular bibliographic reference with some additional information about the reading. What you liked, what’s useful, interesting page numbers to remember, etc.
  1. As always, include any relevant questions for me.
  1. First Draft
    Part A: Draft Submitted to Assigned Reading Partner via email (copy me in email).
    Part B: Feedback Submitted to both me and your partner(s) via email.
    Your first draft should closely resemble your final paper. In other words, do not turn in a brief extended Your first draft should be free of spelling and grammatical errors easily remedied in the spell/grammar check of Microsoft Word, and a solid proofread. You should have a clear and concise thesis statement, and include it in no later than your second paragraph. For clarity, please identify your thesis statement or clear topic by underlining it.    The body of your paper should lay out your argument, and include detailed descriptions of your topic. In addition to your main question, it is very likely you will come up with a myriad of other questions applicable to your paper and main theoretical question. This is fine, just be sure any additional questions do not divert the focus of your original question. Remember that your bibliography will not count as a total number of pages due.Part A: You will be assigned Reading Partners (or groups, depending on the number of students in class) by me in the early part of the term. In one assignment, you’ll submit to your Partner(s) your draft for feedback. You’ll be given a form for this.(linear programming problem)Part B: Submit the form to your partner(s) and to me.
  2. Final Paper, Two Additional Annotated Bibliographies, and Final Bibliography
    Your final paper will reflect any significant changes you made in your first and revised drafts. I will be grading on content, clarity of the subject, and flow (i.e., free of spelling and grammatical errors). Again, please do not hesitate to contact me for help. I am here to guide you through this process to make it as productive as possible. For your final bibliography, you will need to have at least ten sources, no less than seven of which are peer reviewed, scholarly articles. A total of four must be annotated.

annotated bibliography : http://guides.library.cornell.edu/annotatedbibliography

Required Writing Guidelines:(linear programming problem)

  • Twelve-point sized Times font, double-spaced
  • 1” margins all around
  • APA Citations where appropriate – credit must be given even where any ideas presented in the paper are not your own (see notes below about avoiding plagiarism)
  • Title pages and bibliographies do not count as pages due
  • Student information is at the top left of the page, single spaced
  • There are no extra spaces between paragraphs.
  • Paragraphs contain no less than four sentences.
  • Magazines, newspapers, journals, and books are italicized. Movie titles, article titles, song titles, etc. are “in quotation marks.” Quotes inside of a quotation use ‘single quotation marks.’
  • Avoid the universal “we”, “our”, “us” – ask yourself: Can I speak for everyone? If you cannot, do not write it. Also, avoid phrasing such as “nowadays…” and “since the beginning of time.” Be accurate. Know what you’re writing and why.
  • Do not ever use Wikipedia, CliffNotes, or other such encyclopedic references. Wikipedia is not peer-reviewed and therefore unreliable. Do your own research. If you’re going to research online (which is encouraged and totally legit), make sure you understand what you’re looking for. Do a deep dive into the internet to find your stuff.
  • Be sure that no more than 20% of your papers are outside sources. You must be providing your own analysis while you draw from material presented to you in class.
 
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assignment week-4 – Nursing Final Project

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assignment week-4 – Nursing Final Project

assignment week-4 – Nursing Final Project

Question description

Assignment 2: Final Project ( due date Sunday-10/02)

Overview/Description: The final assignment will synthesize what you have discovered about the different advanced practice roles and scope of practice found in the master of nursing curriculum: NP, nurse educator, nurse informaticist, and nurse administrator. You will review all roles and then examine the specialty for which you were admitted, focusing on the scope of practice, core competencies, certification requirements, and legal aspects of practice for that specific role. You will also identify the practice environment and population you will be working with, as well as peers and colleagues. In addition, you will discuss your future leadership role and participation in professional organizations.

Your paper is to be based on current literature, standards of practice, core competencies, and certification bodies for your chosen role. The paper should be 10–12 pages excluding the title and reference, and APA format is required.

Criteria:

  • Advanced Practice Roles in Nursing:
    • Compare and contrast the roles of the NP, nurse educator, nurse informaticist, and nurse administrator in advanced practice nursing pertaining to clinical practice, primary care, education, administration, and research.
  • Selected Advanced Practice Role:
    • Examine regulatory and legal requirements for the state in which you plan to practice.
    • Describe the professional organizations available for membership based on your selected role.
    • Identify required competencies, including certification requirements for your selected role.
    • Predict the organization and setting, population, and colleagues with whom you plan to work.
  • Leadership Attributes of the Advanced Practice Role:
  • Health Policy and the Advanced Practice Role
  • Visit the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (http://www.rwjf.org/en/about-rwjf/newsroom/features-and-articles/health-policy.html) and identify a health policy issue. Conduct a review of literature and address the following:
    • Describe the current policy and what needs to change; justify your conclusions with citations from the literature.
    • Provide the process required to make the change with key players and parties of interest.
    • Explain how you could lead the effort to make or influence the change in policy.

Predict the effect on healthcare quality if the change in policy is implemented.

 

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Annotated Bibliography: Attention And Memory

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Annotated Bibliography Chose Our Focus: Attention And Memory

(Annotated Bibliography: Attention And Memory)

Choosing Your Focus

Prior to beginning this assignment, please review all the required  readings from the first three weeks as well as the articles you used in  your Week 2 Discipline-Based Literature Review. During this course, you  have been developing your knowledge in the area of learning and  cognition. In the Week 2 assignment, there was special focus on six  topics that influence a wide variety of disciplines in psychology and  other fields. In the final week of this course, you will develop a  Learning and Cognition Handbook based on these topics.

This week, you will write an extensive review and annotated bibliography on one of the six main course topics below:

  • Traditional learning theories: Operant and classical conditioning
  • Traditional learning theories: Behaviorism and social learning theory
  • Attention and memory
  • Decision-Making
  • Language acquisition
  • Organizational and lifelong learning

The topic you choose should be based on the area in which you would  most like to develop your knowledge. Your choice should also consider  your current interests in psychology and support your future career  goals.

As you prepare this assignment, keep in mind that it is designed to  assist you with beginning the process of drafting your Learning and  Cognition Handbook, which is due in Week 6. It is recommended that your  paper be checked in Grammarly (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. and through Turnitin (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. prior to submission.

Include the following components in your review:

Introduction: Explain your motivation focusing on your chosen topic and describe how this topic aligns with your future career goals.

Research: Research five Scholarly, Peer-Reviewed, and Other Credible Sources (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. in the Ashford University Library focusing on your chosen topic, and provide an annotated bibliography (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site..  These articles must provide sufficient information so that they will  support your work in the Learning and Cognition Handbook. (See the  instructions in Week 6 for further clarification.) Provide a complete  reference for each of the five articles. Beneath each reference, provide  an annotation that explains the theoretical perspectives, historical  trends, and/or empirical research within the article that describe and  define your chosen construct.

Conclusion: Provide a concluding paragraph that  synthesizes the cognitive learning principles and theories found within  the articles as they relate to your chosen construct.

The Choosing Your Focus paper

 
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Urology and Obstetrics & Gynecology Departments

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Medical Term: Urology and Obstetrics & Gynecology Departments

(Urology and Obstetrics & Gynecology Departments)

Instructions

Writing and Pronunciation – Including QEP Enhanced Assignment

—Urology and Obstetrics & Gynecology Departments

By the due date assigned you will write 2 reports referring to the departments of

 Urology (Genitourinary System) and Obstetrics and Gynecology (Female Reproductive System). For the Urology Department, you write a 2 paragraph report and use that for the script of your Oral Report. For the Female Reproductive System, there are 2 audio clips containing spoken medical terms. See Instructions below for the special directions for this section only.

(Urology and Obstetrics & Gynecology Departments)

Urology and Obstetrics & Gynecology are two distinct medical specialties that focus on different aspects of the reproductive and urinary systems.

Urology primarily deals with the diagnosis and treatment of disorders related to the male and female urinary tracts, as well as the male reproductive system. Urologists address conditions such as kidney stones, urinary tract infections, prostate issues, and male infertility. They also handle surgical procedures like bladder and kidney surgeries, vasectomies, and treatment for urological cancers.

On the other hand, Obstetrics & Gynecology (OB/GYN) is a specialty that focuses on women’s reproductive health. Obstetricians primarily manage pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum care, ensuring the well-being of both the mother and the baby. Gynecologists, meanwhile, specialize in the female reproductive system outside of pregnancy, dealing with issues like menstrual disorders, fertility, contraception, and gynecological cancers. OB/GYNs also perform various surgeries, such as cesarean sections and hysterectomies.

While Urology and Obstetrics & Gynecology have different areas of expertise, there may be instances where they intersect, such as in the management of certain pelvic floor disorders or urological issues affecting women.

Both specialties play crucial roles in maintaining the overall health and well-being of individuals, with urologists focusing on urinary and reproductive health in both genders and OB/GYNs specializing in the unique needs of women throughout their reproductive lives.

(Urology and Obstetrics & Gynecology Departments)

In order to earn the maximum credit for the written report you need to incorporate at least 10 medical terms for each department, using them in a manner that demonstrates your knowledge of their meaning.

  • Include the major or most common diseases or conditions seen in each department.
  • Include at least three of the principal procedures that are relevant to each department.
  • Highlight pertinent laboratory and radiological diagnostic services relevant to each department.
  • Limit your analysis of each department to two paragraphs.
  • Special Addition of QEP Assignment for Spoken Medical Terminology.
 
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Learning & Cognition Handbook: Psychology

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Learning & Cognition Handbook: Psychology

(Learning & Cognition Handbook: Psychology)

Psychology

To complete this assignment, you may utilize the Learning and Cognition Handbook template or create your own using the template as a guide. Your handbook should include the sections listed below, incorporating a minimum of one visual (e.g., table, figure, or image) with a maximum of five visuals per section. Each image must be retrieved and cited based on current copyright laws. You may wish to use the Where to Get Free Images guide for assistance with accessing freely available public domain and/or Creative Commons licensed images.

Handbook Sections:

Table of Contents

List all sections and subsections included in the handbook with the applicable page numbers.

Preface (100 to 150 words)

Provide an overview of the handbook and its potential use by your chosen audience.

Introduction to the Major Topics (200 to 300 words)

Provide an introductory summary of the six topics listed below and discuss any careers in psychology specifically related to at least one of them:

Traditional learning theories: Operant and classical conditioning

Traditional learning theories: Behaviorism and social learning theory

Attention and memory

Decision-Making

Language acquisition

Organizational and lifelong learning

Describe how one or more of these areas may be connected to your future career goals.

Major Topics (1 to 2 pages for each major topic)

Communicate the extent to which the six major topics of learning and cognition affect related sub-topics by synthesizing the course learning principles and/or theories. Consider how these sub-topics may be related to your future career goals. For instance, if you intend to become an applied behavior analyst, behaviorism and related technique for learning may be directly connected to your future role. For each major topic, apply basic research methods and skeptical inquiry to explain the theoretical perspectives and empirical research that substantiate the relationship between the topic and at least two related sub-topics. In your review, consider how these topic and sub-topics are directly connected to evaluations and interventions in psychology practice in various fields. Focus on the areas most related to your future area of practice, paying particular attention to how theories are examined in research studies. The following are some sub-topics to consider:(Learning & Cognition Handbook: Psychology)

Comprehension

Operant and classical conditioning

Behaviorism

Social learning theory

Problem solving

Memory development/retention

Lifelong learning

Individual and group learning

Organizational learning

Mentorship

Apprenticeship models of learning

Effects of demographic differences (e.g., gender, socioeconomics, religious affiliation, race) on learning

Although creative liberties are encouraged, all information incorporated should be supported and professionally presented through the consistent application of ethical principles and adherence to professional standards of learning and cognition psychology as applied to the chosen audience.(Learning & Cognition Handbook: Psychology)

Conclusion (200 to 300 words)

Summarize the importance of the topics within the learning and cognition domain and their applicability within the psychology profession for the chosen audience.

Attention Students: The Masters of Arts in Psychology program is utilizing the Pathbrite portfolio tool as a repository for student scholarly work in the form of signature assignments completed within the program. After receiving feedback for this Learning and Cognition Handbook, please implement any changes recommended by the instructor, and go to Pathbrite to upload the revised Learning and Cognition Handbook to the portfolio. (Use the Pathbrite Quick-Start Guide to create an account if you do not already have one.) The upload of signature assignments will take place after completing each course. Be certain to upload revised signature assignments throughout the program as the portfolio and its contents will be used in other courses and may be used by individual students as a professional resource tool. See the Pathbrite website for information and further instructions on using this portfolio tool.

The Learning and Cognition Handbook(Learning & Cognition Handbook: Psychology)

Must be 12 to 15 pages in length (see instructions and rubric for each section and sub-topic) following the Learning and Cognition Handbook template as a guide. Although a handbook differs from a written paper, all citations and references must be formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.

Must include a title page with the required information from the handbook template:

Title of handbook

Student’s name

Institution’s name

Course name and number

Instructor’s name

Date submitted

Must use at least six scholarly sources in addition to the required resources.

The Scholarly, Peer Reviewed, and Other Credible Sources table offers additional guidance on appropriate source types. If you have questions about whether a specific source is appropriate for this assignment, please contact your instructor. Your instructor has the final say about the appropriateness of a specific source for a particular assignment.(Learning & Cognition Handbook: Psychology)

Must include the sections and subsections required as indicated in the handbook template.

Must address the topics with critical thought and substantiated assertions.

Must document all sources in APA style as outlined in Citing Within Your Paper.

Must include a separate references page that is formatted according to APA style as outlined in Formatting Your References List.

Carefully review the Grading Rubric for the criteria that will be used to evaluate your assignment.

 
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Module 01 Discussion – Reinventing Digital Worldwide

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Module 01 Discussion – Reinventing Digital Worldwide

(Module 01 Discussion – Reinventing Digital Worldwide)

Question description

This discussion post is for my Business Management Capstone course. Please don’t make this more than 2 paragraphs. keep it simple.

click this link to watch the video with this https://engage.rasmussen.edu/learn/mod/forum/view…. (if you cant view video please let me know and ill give you log in info)

The discussion posts in this course will follow a fictitious company called Digital Worldwide. They have hired you as an entry level manager, and you will be asked to make decisions about the direction of the business and the strategic management process. Each week there will be a new video and a new scenario. It’s important to understand that the decisions that you make will carry over to the following weeks, so choose wisely.

To: Newbie@digitalworldwide.com
From: Tom.Nelson@digitalworldwide.com
Subject: Your First Assignment

Hey Newbie,

You’ve joined us at a pretty exciting and hectic time. We’re just starting a reboot of the company’s strategic management process, and it’s time you got your feet wet. Let’s make use of that shiny new degree of yours.

I’m sure you’ve had to watch our introduction video by now and are aware that Digital Worldwide made a name for ourselves as a company that focuses on utilizing existing technology in innovative ways. Our company has expanded its product lines a lot recently, and we’ve come a long way since we last wrote our mission statement 10 years ago. It’s time we come up with a new one, but before we can do that we need help determining our core competencies.(Module 01 Discussion – Reinventing Digital Worldwide)

Currently, we’re polling our employees, asking them to identify what they believe are two of our core competencies or core values. Take the time to write a paragraph about each, explaining why you think they’re vital to being successful in our industry. They better be good too. I hired you to make me look good, but I have no problem firing you if you don’t. Email me back by midweek and don’t be late.

Tom Nelson/Regional President
Digital Worldwide
T:312-555-8197
F:312-555-8172
tom.nelson@digitalworldwide.com
digitalworldwide.com

https://engage.rasmussen.edu/learn/mod/forum/view….

 
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upgrading from PC to Mac 500 employees

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Project Proposal – upgrading from PC to Mac 500 employees

(upgrading from PC to Mac 500 employees)

Question description

Assignment 1: Project Proposal – upgrade from PC to Mac for 500 users in the office of financial recourses for the center for diesse control and prevention

Note: Use the project you selected in the Week 1 Discussion to complete this assignment.

This is the first of four assignments which, as a whole, will cover all aspects of the project life cycle relevant to your selected project. As you move forward with future assignments, all different components of the project are constructed leading to a final compilation, and presentation, of your project.(upgrading from PC to Mac 500 employees)

Write a three to four (3-4) page paper in which you:

  1. Propose a project idea, and explain a selection method for selecting the project (i.e., financial or non-financial method). Provide a rationale for your proposal.
  2. Construct the objectives of the project in terms of a problem which it solves or an opportunity which it capitalizes on.
  3. Create a scope statement (using the template on page 105 of the textbook) for your project. Make sure to include all necessary components of the scope statement. See scope statement below
  4. Format your assignment according to the following formatting requirements:
    1. Typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides.
    2. Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page is not included in the required page length.

The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:

  • Analyze corporate strategy and the project life cycle phases to define the project and initiate a project plan.
  • Apply the concepts of project management to prioritize project portfolios and align the projects with corporate strategies, culture, and organization.
  • Use technology and information resources to research issues in project management.
  • Write clearly and concisely about project management using proper writing mechanics.

(upgrading from PC to Mac 500 employees)

Class, here is a breakdown of the scope statement. This comes from the scope statement on page 105. I want everyone to understand that a scope statement contains specific elements so that the project stakeholders understand what is included in the project and what is not.

PROJECT OBJECTIVE To construct a high-quality, custom home within five months at cost not to exceed $700,000 on lot 42A in Greendale, Oregon.

(Notice: the project objective is in S.M.A.R.T. format. (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic, and Time-Bound)

DELIVERABLES

A 2,200-square-foot, 2½-bath, 3-bedroom, finished home.

A finished garage, insulated and sheet-rocked.

Kitchen appliances to include range, oven, microwave, and dishwasher.

High-efficiency gas furnace with programmable thermostat.

(Notice that the deliverables are very specific to the project.)

MILESTONES

Permits approved—March 5

Foundation poured—March 14

Drywall in. Framing, sheathing, plumbing, electrical, and mechanical inspections passed—May 25

Final inspection—June 7

(Notice: Milestones have specific dates. Milestones are specific events on your time-line.)

TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS(upgrading from PC to Mac 500 employees)

Home must meet local building codes.

All windows and doors must pass NFRC class 40 energy ratings.

Exterior wall insulation must meet an “R” factor of 21.

Ceiling insulation must meet an “R” factor of 38.

Floor insulation must meet an “R” factor of 25.

Garage will accommodate two large-size cars and one 20-foot Winnebago.

Structure must pass seismic stability codes.

(Notice: Technical requirements are very specific. These become your project success metrics.)

LIMITS AND EXCLUSIONS

The home will be built to the specifications and design of the original blueprints provided by the customer.

Owner is responsible for landscaping.

Refrigerator is not included among kitchen appliances.

Air conditioning is not included but prewiring is included.

Contractor reserves the right to contract out services. Contractor is responsible for subcontracted work.

Site work limited to Monday through Friday, 8:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m.(upgrading from PC to Mac 500 employees)

(Notice: these are specific to the actual project. All projects will have some type of limitations (outside of the project scope but can have an impact) and exclusions (those items the project does not cover)).

CUSTOMER REVIEW John and Joan Smith

(If the project is for you, then include yourself as the customer as well as any other family member. If the project is for a customer, then you need to list those individuals.)

 
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APA Assignment Instructions

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APA Assignment Instructions

(APA Assignment Instructions)

The main purpose of this assignment is for you to become familiar with your APA Publication Manual, how to use it, and what kind of information it contains.

 

 

 

Before completing this assignment, be sure you have viewed and understand the APA tutorial website provided in the Module/Week 1 Reading & Study folder. Use your APA manual while viewing the various slides. This assignment must have a title page, 2–3 pages of content, and a reference page, and it must be in current APA format throughout.

 

 

 

Part 1 – Create a title page.

 

 

 

Based on the information in your current APA manual and in the APA tutorial found in Module/Week 1, create a properly-formatted title page in current APA format that contains the following:

 

 

 

1.      Title – format the following text in proper APA style as your title: “lessons learned about writing style.”

 

2.      Author note – using your own information, refer to Chapter 2 of your APA manual and create an author note.

 

3.      Running head

 

4.      Page number

 

5.      Your name

 

6.      Institution name

 

 

 

Part 2 – Create a question and answer page.

 

(APA Assignment Instructions)

 

The next 2–3 pages of your document will contain questions (provided below), with answers (provided by you). Refer to your course materials as needed to create a level one heading, in current APA format, using the following phrase: “questions and answers.”

 

 

 

Next, you will need to create an appropriate level two heading for each of the questions below. Your level two headings will be unique and must serve to summarize the question that is being asked. Each must be relevant, be something you created, and identify each question you are answering. When writing your answers, use complete sentences and proper margins, grammar, and punctuation.

 

 

 

1.      Where in your APA Publication Manual do you find instructions for the proper formatting for a printed book? For this question, provide the answer and include a properly-formatted example based on your course research textbook.

 

2.      What is the purpose for using different levels of headings in a properly-formatted document and how do you know which heading to use?

 

3.      In your own words, explain what a DOI is. Why is it important to you as a researcher? (Hint: See Chapter 6 in your Publication Manual. Remember, explain this in your own words to show that you understand what you are explaining.)

 

4.      Visit the Jerry Falwell Library online. Browse around on pages that will lead you to information about topics that you are studying. Based on what you find on these pages, what kinds of resources can you access through the Jerry Falwell Library?

 

5.      Suppose you need a resource that is not directly available in the Jerry Falwell Library. Explain how you would acquire a source that you need.

 

6.      Refer to your Publication Manual and provide the page number where you will find information on how to format each of the following. Provide information for in-text citations as well as the information for each reference. As you write your answers, use a level three heading to introduce each new item (no bullet points), and use complete sentences.

 

 

 

·         Your Introduction to Research textbook?

 

·         The APA Publication Manual?

 

·         A scholarly journal article with a DOI?

 

·         A personal conversation?

 

·         An edited book?

 

 

 

Remember, organize this section of the assignment with appropriate levels of headings. Do not number the questions. Do not include any bullets. Use complete sentences.

 

 

 

Part 3 – Create your reference page.

(APA Assignment Instructions)

 

 

You will create a reference page, using proper headings, page numbers, margins, indentations, etc., for the current APA format for a reference page. Your reference page will list the properly-formatted reference for each of the following:

 

 

 

·         Your Introduction to Research textbook

 

·         The APA Publication Manual

 

 

 

Be sure that the running head and page numbers appear on all pages. Save the document using your last name in the file name, as: yourlastname_APAmodule3.

 

 

 

This assignment is due by 11:59 p.m. (ET) on Monday of Module/Week 3.

 

 
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management of acute and chronic pain: opioid therapy.

/in , , /by

management of acute and chronic pain often includes opioid therapy.

management of acute and chronic pain: opioid therapy.

-The management of acute and chronic pain often includes opioid therapy. In both the acute and chronic pain settings, however, opioids have several disadvantages including risk of nausea and vomiting, somnolence, constipation, respiratory depression, androgen deficiency, physical dependence, and tolerance. Opioid medications also carry a risk of abuse or addiction by either the patient or non-medical users. For these reasons, consideration of non-opioid strategies for pain management is beneficial. While opioids will certainly continue to have a place in pain management despite their disadvantages, the use of non-opioid medication options may limit the amount of opioid necessary or even result in improved pain control. In fact, given that the majority of both acute and chronic pain is thought to be complex and multi factorial, a multi modal analgesic approach is ideal for management. Acetaminophen is typically considered first-line therapy for chronic pain conditions, including osteoarthritis (OA) and chronic pain associated with total knee arthroplasty. However, many times patients are treated inappropriately with opioids instead.

Acetaminophen is considered first-line treatment for many pain conditions because of its safety advantages. Compared with other analgesics available, acetaminophen is associated with very few adverse events and is considered safe to use chronically. Healthcare providers strive to “first do no harm.  Therefore, for most chronic pain conditions, a trial of acetaminophen should be used and monitored for effect before initiating other analgesics, including opioids. However, acetaminophen is not without risks. Safety concerns associated with acetaminophen include serious liver damage if ingestion is greater than the recommended total daily dose of 4,000 mg. Long-term high doses of acetaminophen and accidental overdose from inadvertently consuming multiple acetaminophen products are the leading causes of acute liver failure in the U. S. For this reason it is important that the patients who are utilizing acetaminophen chronically for pain are educated on proper dosing and administration, and are aware of any other acetaminophen-containing products they may use. The disadvantage of acetaminophen is that it often cannot provide a sufficient analgesic effect and does not exert a specific anti-inflammatory effect, causing many patients to discontinue or switch therapies.

REFERENCES

Dowell D, Haegerich TM, Chou R. CDC guideline for prescribing opioids for chronic pain United States, 2016. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2016; 65(1):1-49.

 
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WEEK 1 FORUM:Maternal Substance Use Debate

/in , , /by

WEEK 1 FORUM:Maternal Substance Use Debate

(WEEK 1 FORUM:Maternal Substance Use Debate)

2) Instructions for the second part:  Below you will find a link to a true story about a young woman named Jennifer Johnson.  http://www.nytimes.com/1992/07/24/news/mother-cleared-of-passing-drug-to-babies.html

Below you will find a link to another story where the National Institutes of Health released a study that showed that maternal cocaine use was not as bad for babies.  In the second link, the New York Times provided additional support to the study.

1)  http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11489591

2)  http://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/27/health/27coca.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0

This week discussion forum requires you to answer the following questions:

1.  Should mothers receive prosecution for prenatal damage to the fetus?

2.  Should mothers that use drugs during pregnancy face criminal prosecution?

3.  Would the chances of prosecution keep pregnant women from seeking prenatal care and/or delivering the baby in a hospital setting?

4.  Research suggests that mothers who smoke tobacco during pregnancy and/or in the presence of their children up to the age of 5 years old increases the risk of their children experiencing asthma.  Should smoking mothers also be prosecuted?

5.  How did your feelings about this topic change as you read the later “chapters” in Jennifer Johnson’s story?

READING

CHFD307 CHILD AND ADOLESCENT DEVELOPMENT | LESSON 1

Introduction to Theories

Topics to be covered include:

·         Development theories

·         Research methods

·         Heredity and the environment

·         Prenatal development and birth

Introduction

In the first lesson of childhood and adolescent development, we will look at theories that relate to the nature versus nurture debate. This lesson will focus on how nature and nurture interact to influence children’s development. We will discuss five development theories and research methodology in child research. We will then look at heredity and the environment, where we will delve into genetics and the ways in which genes and the environment interact, so that we can better understand why development differs from individual to individual. Thereafter, we will explore the stages of prenatal development and birth, as well as common risks to mothers and their infants. To end the lesson, we will discuss the biological and environmental vulnerabilities that infants face, and how caring, constructive relationships enable them to make sense of life so that they can build resilience.

Themes

Child development falls under developmental psychology, and studies the physical (motor), cognitive, emotional and social processes that occur from the beginning of life through adolescence. Child psychology views childhood as a unique stage that society should protect from developmental problems, and enhance through schooling, healthcare and nutrition (Parke & Gauvain, 2009).

According to Parke and Gauvain (2009), the following three major themes contextualize child development studies.

ORIGINS

DEVELOPMENT

INFLUENCES

We will now explore five theories of child development, each of which focuses on a specific area of development.

Structural Organismic Perspectives

Jean Piaget

‹›(WEEK 1 FORUM:Maternal Substance Use Debate)

· Structural Organismic Theories

Structural Organismic theories view the human organism as progressing through universal, structured stages of development (Parke & Gauvain, 2009). Sigmund Freud focused on how personality and emotions are formed in early childhood. In psychoanalytic and psychodynamic theory, the id, ego andsuperego  are interrelated facets of the personality that play different roles throughout the child’s development.

Infants are controlled by the instinctual drives of the id. As the infant develops, the ego takes greater control, whereby the child becomes rational, understands reality and uses socially acceptable behaviors to satisfy their needs. Finally, when the child develops a conscience by internalizing social or parental values, the superego takes control.

Early experiences, specifically in the first six years, impact the way in which the id, ego and superego develop and interact. This forms the child’s personality. For example, early unsatisfied needs and the nature of attachment to caregivers will impact later behaviors.

In contrast to Freud, Jean Piaget focused on the biological process of intellectual development. Piaget’s theory is based on two biological principles: organization, which describes cognitive development as a biologically organized process, and adaptation, which describes the process of development as the child adapts to their environment.

In Piaget’s theory, the intellectual process of understanding the world comprises four stages in which cognition progresses from immediate, sensory experiences to abstract, complex problem solving and understanding of the world. More specifically, infants use motor and sensory facilities, preschoolers use mental structures and symbols such as language and pictures, school-goers increasingly use logic, and adolescents can engage in abstract thinking.

Knowledge Check

1

Question 1

Please select the correct statement about development theories.

 

Ethological   theory and psychoanalytic theory have nothing in common.

 

In   operant conditioning, desirable behavior is reinforced by a positive   response to the behavior.

 

Dynamic   systems and contextual approaches only look at the environment but not the   individual.

 

Structural   Organismic perspectives focus on the biological aspects of development.

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Research Methodology

‹›(WEEK 1 FORUM:Maternal Substance Use Debate)

·

Research in psychology is scientific, and is thus based on theories from which hypotheses are formulated. Hypotheses are tested by collecting and analyzing data using measurable and replicable techniques. We will now discuss five important issues in child development research: sampling, data collection, research design, studying change over time, and ethics.

Knowledge Check

1

Question 1

Please select the correct statement about the following research. A researcher wants to find understand how junk food affects behavior in two-year olds.

 

The   researcher should use the correlational method.

 

The   researcher must obtain informed consent from parents and guardians of the   sample, as well as ethics approval from the review board.

 

A   representative sample would be found at the local play group.

 

The   researcher should USE a case study approach.

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Heredity and the Environment

Heredity explores the biological origins of development, or the ‘nature’ in the nature versus nurture debate.

GENOTYPE

PHENOTYPE

FERTILIZATION

CHROMOSOME PAIRS

DNA

Genetic Influences in Development

Possible Alleles from an Aa Mother and aa Father

 

From Mother

(WEEK 1 FORUM:Maternal Substance Use Debate)

A

a

 

From Father

A

AA

Aa

 

a

Aa

aa

Gene-environment interaction is a critical process in understanding development. Genes cannot work alone, as they are programmed to respond to signals in the environment. Two basic concepts allow us to understand how genetics influence development.

Firstly, a gene usually has two alleles or alternate forms that carry a trait such as eye color – one from the mother and one from the father. Secondly, the alleles can be the same from both parents or different. For example, blue eye alleles may be inherited from mother and father, or blue eye alleles can be inherited from the mother while brown eye alleles are inherited from the father. If the alleles from both parents are the same, the person is homozygous for that trait. If the alleles are different, the person is heterozygous.

Let’s say the mother is Aa and the father isAa . As you can see in the table, the three possible combinations of alleles received by the child are:

1.    AA

2.    aa

3.    Aa (which is the same as aA)

The first two combinations are homozygous. A person with two alleles for blue eyes will have blue eyes. The third combination is heterozygous. If a trait is heterozygous, the traits may:

BLEND

COMBINE BUT NOT BLEND

DOMINANCE

SEX-LINKED GENES

GENE INTERACTION

DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS

DOWN’S SYNDROME

Genetic Engineering

Advances in genetics have pros and cons. Genetic counseling enables couples to be tested for defective genes, and to undergo assisted reproductive techniques in which defective eggs or sperm are substituted for healthy donor ones. It is also possible to detect abnormalities by sampling cells from a fetus. This testing gives the parents the option to abort abnormal fetuses.

This raises ethical issues around determining when defects are serious enough to warrant abortions. What will the child’s quality of life be? Will they be able to lead relatively pain-free, productive lives? Is a painful death expected in a few years or months?

Gene therapy may allow us to cure and ameliorate defective genes in the future. So far, scientists have had limited success in treating deadly disorders. One treatment uses viruses that have had their harmful properties removed to carry healthy genes into patients’ cells. Few treatments have been successful, and it will still take time to perfect gene therapy.

This blind girl benefited from a supportive environment

Heredity-Environment Interactions

· HEREDITY-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION

· RANGE OF OUTCOMES

· PATHWAYS OF INFLUENCE(WEEK 1 FORUM:Maternal Substance Use Debate)

Contemporary psychologists argue less about the nature versus nurture debate than their predecessors did, and instead concentrate on how people develop based on heredity-environment interaction. While genes are influenced by the environment, genes also contribute to shaping the environment. Our genetic endowment both limits and capacitates us, while environmental and social contexts exert a powerful influence over us.

Range of reaction is a concept that explains that our ranges of possible developmental outcomes are established by our genetic makeup. Enriched environments enable us to achieve higher outcomes within the range, while unsupportive or unstimulating environments generally result in lower outcomes within the range.

Individual Differences, Heredity and Environment

The central question that developmental psychologists ask is why people develop so differently. Behavior geneticists use statistics to calculate heritability factors to estimate what percentage heredity contributes to a certain developmental outcome. Remember however, that exposure to environmental influences and development stages must be considered.

Family Studies

For this reason, many studies involve family members because of their biological relatedness and shared environments. Adopted children may be compared with their adoptive and biological parents, and siblings and identical and fraternal twins may be compared. For example, studies have found that intelligence and spatial and verbal abilities have a positive correlation with genetic relatedness, while memory and creativity have no correlation with genetic relatedness (McCartney, Harris, & Bernieri, 1990; Plomin, 1990).

Temperament

Studies have also found that children from the same families have widely varying temperaments, while children from the same cultures have similar tendencies (Kagan, 1994; Thomas & Chess,1986). Furthermore, difficult babies who have stressed mothers have been found to experience more developmental problems, whereas difficult babies with calm, supportive parents do not usually experience these problems (Rothbart & Bates, 2006). Goodness of fit between the child’s temperament and environment refers to how parents and socializing agents accept and adapt to each child, and is thus critical in child development.

How much of temperament is genetic versus environment?

Prenatal Development

There are three stages of prenatal development that occur in the 38 weeks of pregnancy: the zygote, the embryo and the fetus.

Zygote

When the sperm fertilizes the ovum, the fertilized egg or zygote implants in the uterine wall. The zygote stage is about two weeks.

 

Week 1

Week 2

 

Embryo

Once the zygote is implanted, the embryo stage begins. The physiological structures and systems begin to develop, the embryo begins to look like a human, and in the eight weeks since fertilization its size increases by around two million percent. Development occurs from the head down (cephalocaudal), and from the center out (proximal-distal). By the end of the embryonic stage, the fingers and toes are visible. Most miscarriages occur in this period because the embryo detaches from uterine wall.

 

Week 3

Week 4

Week 5

Week 6

Week 7

Week 8

(WEEK 1 FORUM:Maternal Substance Use Debate)

Fetus

The final stage, the fetus, begins in the third month of pregnancy. Muscles and the central nervous system cause movement and reflexes like swallowing. If babies are born prematurely, between 22 and 26 weeks, their systems may be developed enough to survive. This is called the period of viability. If they are too premature they may not survive because their respiratory systems are not sufficiently developed.

 

Week 9

Week 16

Week 20

Week 38

 

Risks

Teratogens are external agents that cause fetal development problems by disturbing the motor, neural, emotional, cognitive and physical systems. Teratogens include:

· Illegal, prescription and nonprescription drugs, alcohol and nicotine.

· Environmental toxins such as pesticides, herbicides, household cleaners, radiation, lead, cosmetics and food additives.

· Medical interventions in pregnancy and childbirth.

· Maternal diseases and disorders such as mumps, rubella and Rh factor incompatibility where the mother’s and infant’s blood are incompatible.

· Bacterial, viral and parasitic infections such as toxoplasmosis, gonorrhea, chlamydia, syphilis and HIV/AIDS.

· Maternal age. Women under the age of 15 and over the age of 35 have more complications.

· Poor diet.

· Stress and negative emotions.

Birth

‹›

· Birth

Parents experience many emotions around the time of birth such as anticipation, anxiety, excitement, fear, joy and awe. Birth is also an intense and complex experience for the infant as it leaves its familiar warm, dark and wet environment in the uterus, and faces the next stage of its life in a dry, bright environment.

Birth involves three stages. In the first stage, the mother goes into labor and experiences contractions. In the second stage, the infant is born by passing through the birth canal and vaginal opening. In the last stage, the uterus expels the placenta.

Natural childbirth has become more popular since the 1970s (Parke & Gauvain, 2009). More mothers are sharing the experience with their families at home or birthing centers, using midwives and preparing for birth with their partners. Lamaze is a popular method that involves the mother-to-be and her partner. The method teaches the couple how the mother-to-be should breath and relax her muscles to make childbirth easier. Water births, birthing stools and giving birth in the kneeling position are also becoming more popular.

If there are birthing complications, women may need to be hospitalized. Cesarean sections surgically remove the infant through an incision in the mother’s abdomen. Cesarean sections assist mothers and infants who are having difficulty in the birth process, and are convenient for physicians and families who wish to plan their schedules.

There are disadvantages associated with Cesarean sections, including longer recovery times and increased risk of infection for mothers, lower birthweights in subsequent births, increased infant exposure to maternal medications and more trouble breathing and breastfeeding (Emory, Schlackman & Fiano, 1996; Kennare, 2007; Liu, 2007).(WEEK 1 FORUM:Maternal Substance Use Debate)

Knowledge Check

1

Question 1

Please select the two correct statements.

 

Biological   and environmental adversities may be overcome if the child has access to a   caring relationship.

 

Most   miscarriages occur in the final stage of pregnancy.

 

Low   birthweight babies face biological and environmental risks.

 

Pregnancy   is a natural process and there is not much the mother can do to influence it.

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Conclusion

In this lesson, we have looked at nature versus nurture theories, and focused on how nature and nurture interact to influence child development. We first discussed the major themes in child development theory, and then we explored five development theories that focus on different aspects of development. Thereafter, we looked at research methodology in child research, and then we moved onto heredity and the environment, where we investigated genetics and heredity-environment interactions. In the final section of the lesson, we explored prenatal development and birth and the associated risks. The lesson ended with a discussion on vulnerability and resilience in children who have been exposed to biological and environmental adversities.(WEEK 1 FORUM:Maternal Substance Use Debate)

KEY TERMS

References

Emory, E. K., Schlackman, L. J., & Fiano, K. (1996). Drug-hormone interactions on neurobehavioral responses in human neonates. Infant Behaviorand Development, 19 (2), 213–220.

Field, T. M., Diego, M., & Hernandez-Reif, M. (2007). Massage therapy research. Developmental Review, 27, 75–89.

Goldberg, S., & DiVitto, B. (2002). Parenting children born premature. In M. Bornstein (Ed.), Handbook of parenting (Vol. 1, 2nd ed., pp. 329–354). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

Gross, R. T., Spiker, D., & Haynes, C. W. (Eds.). (1997). Helping low-birthweight, premature infants. The Infant Health and Development Program. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.

Kagan, J. (1994). Galen’s prophecy. New York, NY: Basic Books.

Kennare, R. (2007). Risks of adverse outcomes in the next birth after a first cesarean delivery. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 109, 270–276.

Klaus, M. H., & Kennell, J. H. (1982). Parent-infant bonding. St. Louis, MO: Mosby.

Klebanov, P. K., Brooks-Gunn, J., & McCormick, M. C. (2001). Maternal coping strategies and emotional distress: Results of an early intervention program for low-birthweight young children. Developmental Psychology, (37), 654–667.

Korner, A. F. (1989). Infant stimulation: The pros and cons in historical perspective. Bulletin of National Centerfor Clinical Infant Programs, 10 , 11–17.

Liu, S. (2007). Maternal mortality and severe morbidity associated with low-risk planned cesarean delivery versus planned vaginal delivery at term. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 176, 455–460.(WEEK 1 FORUM:Maternal Substance Use Debate)

Masten, A.S., & Obradovic, J. (2007). Competence and resilience in development. In B. M. Lester, A. S. Masten, & B. McEwen (Eds.), Resilience in children (pp. 13–27). New York: Blackwell.

McCartney, K., Harris, M. J., & Bernieri, F. (1990). Growing up and growing apart: A developmental meta-analysis of twin studies. Psychological Bulletin, 107, 226–237.

Moffitt, T. E., & Caspi, A. (2006). Evidence from behavioral genetics for environmental contributions to antisocial conduct. In J. E. Grusec & P. Hastings (Eds.), Handbook of socialization (pp. 259–283). New York: Guilford Press.

Parke, R., & Gauvain, M. (2009).Child Psychology: A contemporary viewpoint  (7th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.

Plomin, R. (1990). Nature and nurture: An introduction to human behavioralgenetics.  Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole.

Rothbart, M., & Bates, J. (2006). Temperament. In W. Damon & R. Lerner (Series Eds.), & N. Eisenberg (Vol. Ed.), Handbook of child psychology (Vol. 3, 6th ed., pp. 99–166). New York: Wiley.

Rutter, M. (2006). Genes and behavior. New York: Blackwell.(WEEK 1 FORUM:Maternal Substance Use Debate)

Scarr, S. (1996). How people make their own environments: Implications for parents and policy makers. Psychology, Public Policy and Law, 2, 204–228.

Tessier, R., Cristo, M. B., Velez, S., Giron, M., Line, N., Figueroa de Calume, Z., et al. (2003). Kangaroo mother care: A method for protecting high-risk low-birth weight and premature infants against developmental delay. Infant BehaviorDevelopment, 26 , 384–397.

Thomas, A., & Chess, S. (1986). The New York Longitudinal Study: From infancy to early adult life. In R. Plomin & J. Dunn (Eds.), The study of temperament: Changes, continuities and challenges (pp. 39–52). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

 
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