Week2: Humanistic/Existential Theories

Week2: Humanistic/Existential Theories

(Week2: Humanistic/Existential Theories)

Introduction

Consider your thoughts about the following statements:

·         People are generally good, trustworthy, productive, and able to make positive changes.

·         The responsibility for change and growth lies with the client.

·         We should focus on the “here and now,” not so much on the “then and there.”

These statements reflect humanistic and existential theories developed by theorists such as Carl Rogers, Rollo May, Victor Frankl, and Fritz Perlz. This week, you explore the key components of humanistic and existential theories. You are also introduced to Deidre, a client depicted in media throughout several weeks of this course. Each week that Deidre’s case is presented, you will use theories to propose effective interventions that could help her to reach her goals.

Objectives

Students will: Apply humanistic/existential interventions

·         Evaluate humanistic/existential theories

·         Apply concepts related to humanistic/existential theories

Please proceed to the Resources.

Week 2 Discussion(Week2: Humanistic/Existential Theories)

Applying Humanistic and Existential Theories

A common element of this week’s theories is the focus on client emotion. The central tenet of these theories is that clients are at the center of the counseling process. When counselors use these approaches, they ask clients to not only assess their emotions, but also how they perceive these emotions to influence their lives.

During this process, counselors who often use humanistic and existential approaches partner alongside the client as a nonjudgmental ally, prompting the clients to reconnect with themselves and increase their own self-awareness. Theorists in these paradigms believe that it is not the interpretation of the counselor that helps clients, but rather the interpretation of the clients themselves. In fact, prominent humanistic and existential theorists cast aside the dominant, all-knowing presence of the counselor illustrated by some behavioral and psychoanalytic approaches.

In this Discussion, you consider how each of this week’s theories, existential, person-centered, and Gestalt, provides a different counseling approach. You also reflect upon how theoretical approaches influence the interventions that you might employ with your case study client, Deidre. Before watching the Deidre media, review this week’s Learning Resources to review how the Capuzzi and Gross text used each theoretical approach with the client in “The Case of Maria.”

Posting Directions: In the subject line of your post, use the following title format: “Title of Discussion: The theory you selected for this Discussion.” Your initial post must be at least 200 words in length.

Post by Day 3 a brief description of the humanistic or existential theory you selected. Then, based on this theoretical approach, describe two interventions you could employ with Deidre and explain why. Finally, explain how each of these interventions would help Deidre move toward her goals.

DUE BY 12/9/15 @ 5PM Eastern Standard Time

 Week 2 Learning Resources

This page contains the Learning Resources for this week. Be sure to scroll down the page to see all of this week’s assigned Learning Resources.

Required Resources

Readings

·    Capuzzi, D., & Gross, D. R. (Ed.). (2011). Counseling and psychotherapy: Theories and interventions (5th ed.). Alexandria, VA: American Counseling Association.

o    Chapter 6, “Existential Theory” (pp. 119–142)

o    Chapter 7, “Person-Centered Theory” (pp. 143–166)

o    Chapter 8, “Gestalt Theory” (pp. 167–191)

Media

·         Laureate Education, Inc. (Executive Producer). (2012). Deidre [Multimedia]. Baltimore, MD: Author.

Note: Please click on the following link for the transcript: Transcript (PDF)

Optional Resources

·         Association for the Advancement of Gestalt Therapy. (2012). Retrieved from http://www.aagt.org/

·         Association for the Development of the Person Centered Approach. (2011).  Retrieved fromhttp://www.adpca.org/

·         Association for Humanistic Psychology. (2012). Retrieved from http://www.ahpweb.org/

·         Existential-Humanistic Institute. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.ehinstitute.org/

·         World Association for Person Centered and Experiential Psychotherapy and Counseling. (2012). Retrieved from http://www.pce-world.org/

Please proceed to the Discussion.Return to top

THIS IS A QUIZ DUE BY 12/12/15@ 5pm EASTERN STANDARD TIME

QUESTION 1(Week2: Humanistic/Existential Theories)

1.      In order to be genuine, counselors:

[removed] a. Have to practice using a “poker face”
[removed] b. Have to know themselves
[removed] c. Must use reflections of feeling
[removed] d. Should avoid analysis of transference

2 points   

QUESTION 2

1.       Heidegger’s notions of choice, that each choice one makes represents the loss of an alternative, includes all of the following except:

[removed] a. The past becomes important in terms of lost opportunities.
[removed] b. Future choices are limited due to past choices and the time remaining to fulfill them.
[removed] c. We have the freedom to choose but must balance this with responsibility.
[removed] d. Some choices are irrational and we need to train ourselves not to make them with rewards and punishments.

2 points   

QUESTION 3

1.      Consider a client who feels that he is unlikable by others in his life. When the counseling discussion turns to how likeable the client is to the counselor or therapist, this is an example of:

 

[removed] a. Distracting the client
[removed] b. Empathic understanding
[removed] c. Immediacy
[removed] d. Self-actualization

2 points   

QUESTION 4

1.       The three people credited for the development of Gestalt therapy are:

[removed] a. Perls, Burber, and Nitche
[removed] b. Perls, Perls, and Goodman
[removed] c. Rogers, Glassman, and Goodman
[removed] d. Perls, Kohler, and Koffka

2 points   

QUESTION 5

1.      As a person becomes more congruent, which of the following changes is most likely to be seen?

[removed] a. Elimination of negative thoughts
[removed] b. Eradication of problem behaviors
[removed] c. Greater self-empowerment
[removed] d. Success in a failing relationship

2 points   

(Week2: Humanistic/Existential Theories)

QUESTION 6

1.       All of the following are existential philosophers except:

[removed] a. Sartre
[removed] b. Heidegger
[removed] c. Tillich
[removed] d. Bion

2 points   

 

QUESTION 7

1.      Accurate _______ means that the counselor is able to both understand the client’s words, feelings, and perceptions of the world and communicate that understanding successfully.

[removed] a. empathy
[removed] b. congruence
[removed] c. unconditional positive regard
[removed] d. genuineness

2 points   

 

QUESTION 8

1.       In existential counseling, the client is

[removed] a. An existential partner with the counselor
[removed] b. A student learning from a teacher
[removed] c. Analyzed by the counselor
[removed] d. None of the above

2 points   

 

QUESTION 9

1.       Which of the following is descriptive of what “closure” means in existential counseling?

[removed] a. Facing the end of the helping relationship is the final confrontation with reality.
[removed] b. It means stopping therapy at the end of the semester at a counseling center.
[removed] c. It is when counselors close out all of their files.
[removed] d. It is a relatively unimportant part of counseling.

2 points   

(Week2: Humanistic/Existential Theories)

QUESTION 10

1.      According to person-centered theory, for someone to be continuously believed and trusted by a client they must:

[removed] a. years of professional experience
[removed] b. be genuine
[removed] c. know the right questions to ask
[removed] d. not make mistakes

2 points   

 

QUESTION 11

1.      A criticism of person-centered counseling or therapy is:

[removed] a. Its deterministic stance
[removed] b. Rigid steps in the counseling or therapy process
[removed] c. Too few specifics regarding actions for the new counselor or therapist
[removed] d. Overly confrontational

2 points   

 

QUESTION 12

1.      Perls:

[removed] a. Had a passionate belief in the holistic nature of humankind
[removed] b. Believed that human beings had the capacity and strength to grow, develop, and to become the persons that they desired
[removed] c. Asked clients to focus on why they behaved in certain ways
[removed] d. Both “a” and “b” above

2 points   

 

QUESTION 13

1.      The word Gestalt is a German term that means:

[removed] a. Counselor/client working alliance
[removed] b. Existential anxiety
[removed] c. The integration of parts into a perceptual whole
[removed] d. The phenomenological field

2 points   

 

QUESTION 14

1.      Active listening includes which of the following?

[removed] a. Making good eye contact
[removed] b. Leaning toward the client
[removed] c. Facing the client
[removed] d. All of the above

2 points   

 

QUESTION 15

1.      The study of human experience through attending to the subjective observations of individuals is:

[removed] a. Retroflection
[removed] b. Empty chair
[removed] c. Boundary disturbance
[removed] d. Phenomenology

2 points   

(Week2: Humanistic/Existential Theories)

QUESTION 16

1.      The most important factor in the therapeutic alliance is the:

[removed] a. Quality and nature of the relationship between counselor or therapist and client
[removed] b. Counselor’s or therapist’s skills
[removed] c. Client’s willingness to work hard
[removed] d. Depth of the problems being experienced

2 points   

 

QUESTION 17

1.       A phenomenological perspective:

[removed] a. Describes the concept that all persons view the world in a similar manner
[removed] b. Describes the concept that all persons have a unique perspective
[removed] c. Describes the concept of the “I-Thou” relationship
[removed] d. None of the above

2 points   

 

QUESTION 18

1.       Which of the following is not one of the three approaches to existential counseling?

[removed] a. Dynamic existentialism
[removed] b. Humanistic existentialism
[removed] c. Cognitive/behavioral existentialism
[removed] d. Transpersonal existentialism

2 points   

 

QUESTION 19

1.       Which of the following is not a goal of existential counseling:

[removed] a. Confronting anxieties about the givens of existence
[removed] b. Developing meaning from everyday life
[removed] c. Confronting irrational thoughts that lead to difficult emotions
[removed] d. Developing inner strength

2 points   

(Week2: Humanistic/Existential Theories)

QUESTION 20

1.      One of the views that Gestalt theory holds regarding the individual is that he or she is:

[removed] a. Fully responsible for his/her behavior
[removed] b. Shaped by forces in the environment
[removed] c. Motivated by unconscious drives
[removed] d. Not able to become aware of himself or herself in the here and now

2 points   

 

QUESTION 21

1.      The founder of person-centered counseling is:

[removed] a. Carl Rogers
[removed] b. Victor Frankl
[removed] c. Fritz Perls
[removed] d. Rollo May

2 points   

 

QUESTION 22

1.       Which of the following are major constructs of existentialism?

[removed] a. Death
[removed] b. Freedom
[removed] c. Isolation
[removed] d. All of the above

2 points   

 

QUESTION 23

1.      Which statement is most descriptive of Buber’s “I-Thou ” relationship?

[removed] a. People speak about others, but seldom to them.
[removed] b. This relationship embodies a holy respect for the other person.
[removed] c. This relationship has little meaning, because there is little sense of self.
[removed] d. It shows a relationship that is condescending and not respectful.

2 points   

QUESTION 24

1.      Awareness is the key to Gestalt therapy. Through awareness, the organism/person naturally proceeds toward:

[removed] a. Growth
[removed] b. Integration
[removed] c. Differentiated unity
[removed] d. All of the above

2 points   

(Week2: Humanistic/Existential Theories)

QUESTION 25

1.      Change during Gestalt counseling and psychotherapy comes about as clients become more aware of themselves through:

[removed] a. Using a continuum of awareness focused on how, what, and where
[removed] b. Using questions rather than statements
[removed] c. Using the third-person pronoun “they”
[removed] d. Addressing others indirectly

2 points   

 
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Advanced Nursing Practice Philosophy

Advanced Nursing Practice Philosophy

(Advanced Nursing Practice Philosophy)

Question description

Personal Philosophy of Advance Nursing Practice Narrative

This Assignment addresses this course outcome:

-1:Formulate a professional nursing philosophy based upon the role and responsibilities of the advanced nurse.

IntroductionThe purpose of this Assignment is for you to present your views, values, and beliefs about the four concepts of the nursing metaparadigm (i.e., person, nursing, health, and environment) and their interrelationship to one another as they guide yourcurrentnursing practice. The process of identifying a personal nursing philosophy of advanced nursing practice and continuously examining, affirming, and validating this philosophy through caring for patients, families, communities, populations, and/or systems can foster professional and personal growth that builds advanced practice expertise.

DirectionsIn this Assignment, you will develop the first draft of your personal philosophy of advanced practice nursing. You will continue to work on this document throughout the course, with new drafts reflecting your growing sophistication as you reflect on each week’s lesson.

A philosophical statement includes these elements:

  • An introduction that presents your thought processes used to articulate a philosophy of advanced practice nursing. Note that APA does not use a heading for the introduction, because it is assumed that the first few paragraphs of a manuscript are the introduction.
  • Valued personal concepts, such as:
    • Metaparadigm concepts such as person/client, nursing, health, and environment
    • Additional concepts you may find valuable to advanced practice, such as IOM Future of Nursing, accountability, interprofessional collaborative practice, social justice, and professionalism
    • Definition of each concept selected
    • Relationships between and among concepts within your personal philosophy as applied to your current practice. A diagram with should be used to graphically depict these interrelationships.

Organization of Your PaperYour final paper is to be written in APA format (including organization, documentation, and references) and be no more than two pages in length. The paper should include a title page and reference list, however, these pages are not included in the final page count.

Course materials, except textbook, may be used and must be supplemented by current literature from peer-reviewed nursing journals no older than 5 years.

Additional resources to support this Assignment include:

  • Reflection: Readings
  • IOM Future of Nursing
  • Interprofessional collaborative practice

Evaluation CriteriaTo view the Grading Rubric for this Assignment, please visit the Grading Rubrics section of the Course Home.

Assignment Requirements

Before finalizing your work, you should:

  • be sure toread the Assignment description carefully(as displayed above);
  • consult the Grading Rubric(under the Course Home) to make sure you have included everything necessary; and
  • utilizespellingandgrammar checkto minimize errors.

Your writing Assignment should:

  • follow the conventions ofStandard American English(correct grammar, punctuation, etc.);
  • bewell ordered,logical,andunified, as well asoriginal and insightful;
  • displaysuperior content, organization, style,andmechanics; and
  • useAPA 6thEditionformat.

Reading

Textbook Readings

Philosophies and theories for advanced nursing practice

  • Chapter 3: “The Essentials of the Doctor of Nursing Practice: A Philosophical Perspective”
Journal Readings:

Calwell, L., & Grobbel, C. C. (2013). The importance of reflective practice in nursing.International Journal of Caring Sciences,6(3), 31-326.

Disch, J. (2013). Interprofessional education and collaborative practice.Nursing Outlook, 61(1), 3-4.

American Association of Colleges of Nursing. (2011). Core competencies for interprofessional collaborative practice. Retrieved fromhttp://www.aacn.nche.edu/education-resources/ipecreport.pdf

Institute of Medicine of the National Academies. (2010).The future of nursing: Leading change, advancing health.Retrieved from http://iom.nationalacademies.org/Reports/2010/The-Future-of-Nursing-Leading-Change-Advancing-Health.aspx

Jayatilleke, N., & Mackie, A. (2012). Reflection as part of continuous professional development for public health professions: A literature review.Journal of Public Health, 35(2), 308-312. Retrieved from http://jpubhealth.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2012/10/16/pubmed.fds083.full

 
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Qualitative Study on HIV

Qualitative Study on HIV

(Qualitative Study on HIV)

Final Project: Developing a Qualitative Research Plan – HIV Among  African Teen








Please note: 



This is not meant to be a full research plan in that you will not be constructing data collection instruments or generating data to use. The final project is meant to develop understanding about the relationships between research questions, research design, and data organization and analysis. For this project, you will consider more the design and methodology of the qualitative research you propose.

 Some, but not all, course assignments lead into the final project.

 The Final Project should include the following:

Title

E.  Qauitative  Research question(s)

for HIV Among  African Teen








a.    Central question(s)

b.    Subquestions (where applicable)

F.    Theoretical or conceptual framework

a.    Theoretical or conceptual basis and origin of, or source for, theory or describe concepts

b.    Where and how theory has been applied or concepts evidenced previously

c.     The major propositions or hypotheses of the theory, if used

d.    How the theory relates to the present study or state how the concepts are important to the present study and provide a lens for it; rationale for that theoretical expectation or conceptual lens

G.   Nature of the study

a.    Design

i.     Paradigm (qualitative)

ii.     Design (select and apply one of the following: narrative, grounded theory, ethnography, case study, phenomenology)

iii.     Rationale for the design, with explanations why other likely choices would be less effective

b.    Methodology

i.     Participants

ii.     Site

iii.     Researcher’s role in data collection procedures

iv.     Sampling

1.    Type of sampling

2.    How the sample will be drawn

3.    Sample size and why chosen in relation to population size

v.     Data collection procedures (interviews focus groups, observations, etc.)

vi.     Data analysis and interpretation plan: indicate what analytical tools and procedures will be applied to each set of data collected.

c.     Limitations

i.     Potential design and/or methodological weaknesses of the study

ii.     Explain how the weaknesses will be addressed

iii.     Threats to quality and how they will be potentially addressed in the study

d.    Ethical Concerns

i.     Describe your proposed procedure for providing informed consent and any ethical concerns with which you may need to deal.

H.   Significance of the study

a.    Practical contributions of the study

b.    For whom the study is important

c.     Implications for social change

 
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Meaningful Use: Nurse Implications

Meaningful Use: Nurse Implications

(Meaningful Use: Nurse Implications)

Question description

understand the implications for nurses, nursing, national health policy-making

Meaningful Use for Nurses:

Implications and Recommendations

Guidelines with Scoring Rubric

Purpose

This assignment is designed to help students

·  understand the implications for nurses, nursing, national health policy-making, patient outcomes, and population health associated with the collection and use of Meaningful Use core criteria.

Course Outcomes

Through this assignment, the student will demonstrate the following ability.

(CO 3) Examine the ethical/legal issues arising in NI practice while using, designing, managing, upgrading, and building information systems. (POs 4, 6)

Requirements:

Provide an overview of the Meaningful Use program and an analysis of the implications for nurses, nursing, national health policy, patient outcomes, and population health associated with the collection and use of Meaningful Use core criteria. Recommend additional core criteria not presently identified for Meaningful Use collection in Stages 1 or 2 (lists of criteria may be found at cms.gov) that you feel would be beneficial for nurses, nursing, monitoring population health, setting national health policies, and/or improvements in patient outcomes or population health, providing your evidence for your recommendations. If you feel that no additional criteria are necessary, provide your evidence-based rationale for your argument. Conclude with insights gained from this assignment. A minimum of three outside scholarly resources are required—texts may be cited but are NOT included among the minimum of three outside scholarly resources.

Preparing the paper

1. Required texts may be used as references, but a minimum of three sources must be from outside course readings.

2. All aspects of the paper must be in APA format as expressed in the 6th edition.

3. The paper (excluding the title page and reference page) is 5–7 pages in length.

4. Ideas and information from professional sources must be cited correctly.

5. Grammar, spelling, punctuation, and citations are consistent with formal academic writing.

Category Points % Description
Introduction 55 15 Introduction establishes the purpose of the paper and names parts of the paper.
Overview of Meaningful Use 55 15 Provides an overview of the Meaningful Use program.
Analysis 65 20 Analyzes the implications of Meaningful Use core criteria.
Meaningful Use Recommendations 65 20 Provides evidence-based recommendations for the collection of additional criteria OR for why no additional criteria are felt to be necessary.
Conclusion 55 15 Concluding statements summarize the analysis and recommendations as well as the insights gained during the assignment.
APA Style 10 5 Text, title page, and reference page(s) are completely consistent with APA format.
Citations 10 5 Ideas and information from other sources are cited correctly.
Writing Mechanics 10 5 Rules of grammar, spelling, word usage, and punctuation are consistent with formal written work, and page restrictions are met.
 
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Interactive Assignment.

Interactive Assignment.

(Interactive Assignment.)

In this interactive assignment, you will create a story for children to educate them about psychological assessment. To begin, select a targeted developmental or reading level pre-K through grade 6. Review the elements required for each section of your storybook below. Visit the Storybird website (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. to familiarize yourself with this technology. You may review the Storybird Quick-Start Guide (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. for additional assistance with using this platform.

Your username will become the professional author name for your book. Therefore, when you register for your Storybird account it is recommended that you use the following format for your username: first initial followed by last name (e.g., JSmith). If you receive a message that your username has been taken, it is recommended you include your middle initial (e.g., JASmith). Do not use Internet handles and/or other unprofessional appearing pseudonyms.

Review the information in Chapter 5 of your textbook corresponding to the assessments appropriate for the age group you selected and review the Mental Health Assessment (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. (2013) article for examples of information provided to the public about psychological testing. You may choose any appropriate title for your story. Be sure to address each of the following questions in your storybook in an age-appropriate manner:

  • Why is the character in the story being referred for testing?
  • Who will conduct the assessment?
  • What is being measured?
  • How long will testing take?
  • Who will be present during the assessment process? If not in the room, where will parents and/or guardians be while the character in the story is being tested?
  • How will the results be used? Who will have access to the results (e.g., medical doctor, family, the court, teachers), and why? This will vary depending on the character and plot in your story.
  • How will the tests be taken?
  • What will be the outcome of the assessment? How will the information be used? How might this information impact the life of the character in your story?

Include content to address any developmentally appropriate fears that individuals of the age group you selected may have. For example, young children commonly associate going to the doctor with getting a shot.

Be sure to include all the required material from the instructions above in your online storybook. Once you have created your storybook, include the link in your initial post. In your initial post, note the age or grade level for the target audience of the story. Briefly analyze and comment on the challenges and benefits related to explaining psychological assessment concepts using language that is developmentally appropriate for children. Compare at least two assessment instruments used to assess intelligence or achievement for the age group you selected. Include in-text citations and references for all sources used.

Note: It is highly recommended you complete all written work in a separate document first and then cut and paste the required content into your online storybook. This will allow you to edit and save your work separately from the online storybook, should any technical failures occur. This approach will also allow you to work on your content without having to remain connected to the Internet, which will make it easier to develop and edit your content prior to publishing it to your online storybook.

 
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Doctoral Project1- Clinical Psychology

Doctoral Project1- Clinical Psychology

(Doctoral Project1- Clinical Psychology)

Doctoral Project I

This course prepares the doctoral candidate for the development of a final project. It is the first of five courses to accomplish the final project. A review of research design, modes of inquiry, techniques of analysis, the social and ethical context of research, and the uses of research is undertaken. The focus of study is on the delineation of a problem in the field of psychology and a plan for conducting research that will lead to its resolution. Emphasis is on developing the background of the problem, statement of the problem, purpose, and significance of the study in respect to the proposed problem. The doctoral project is intended to make a significant contribution to the field of Psychology and provides an opportunity for doctoral candidates to integrate and apply theoretical and practical knowledge gained in the degree course work.

TABLE OF CONTENTS:

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

ABSTRACT

LIST OF TABLES

LIST OF FIGURES

CHAPTER ONE OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY

Background of the Problem

Statement of the Problem

Purpose of the Study

Theoretical Framework

Significance of the Study

Limitations and Delimitations

Definitions and Key Terms

Organization

CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW

Provide Heading for First Theme

Subheading-Level Two

Subheading-Level Three

Subheading-Level Two

Subheading-Level Two

Discussion for Section

Theoretical Framework

Summary

CHAPTER THREE METHODOLOGY

Research Method

Participants

Instruments

Data Collection

Data Analysis

CHAPTER FOUR RESULTS

Participants

Results Research Question One

Results Research Question Two

Results Research Question Three

Summary

CHAPTER FIVE DISCUSSION OF THE FINDINGS

Discussion of Findings

Implications for Professional Practice

Recommendations for Research

Conclusion

REFERENCES

APPENDIX A (if any and then list others below this one)

Learning Outcomes:

  • Evaluate course concepts critically and competently through interaction with diverse Learners and Mentors
  • Analyze various research methodologies
  • Identify a specific problem or an area for analysis and/or intervention
  • Formulate research questions and identify an applicable theory
  • Identify and establish key words regarding criteria or variables
  • Support research questions by assessing the literature
  • Demonstrate the ability to conduct research
  • Analyze and evaluate information critically and effectively
  • Demonstrate ethical behavior in the use of technology
 
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Animal Research Informs Behavior

Animal Research Informs Behavior

(Animal Research Informs Behavior)

Research Paper – Operant Conditioning: Applying Animal Research To Human Behavior

I need an A on this assignment.  I will provide Instructor main points that he want to see you write on in a few days.  Please read over carefully the instructions in detail.  I already got a F done by another tutor on this hw and the instructor is allowing redo on my term paper counted as my final exam.

Minimum of 6 pages – 7 pages max, APA format 12 point font Times New Roman Double space – not including the cover page and reference page. Do not number cover page, number 1 start on the first page of essay and 1″ margin on all four side.  Do not use right-justified (even-right hands) margin.  No plagiarism cannot quote or paraphrase from summarized articles or other sources.  Need to be your own words throughout, if the summary is better than the interpretation, than it is evidence you are copying.  This is counted 50 percent of my grade and is like a final exam.  Work must be provided with a no plagiarism report.  Please see the attached for full instructions.  Below is a brief summary of what you need to write on and you must follow the instructions listed below on how to right this research paper.  I need an A and I do not want to get an F.  The professor state you must follow his direct instructions,   THERE MAY OCCASIONALLY BE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE TEXT’S VERSIONS OF CONCEPTS AND THE VERSIONS THAT I PRESENT IN CLASS, IN 302notes.doc, OR IN DOCUMENTS LISTED IN 302schedule.doc. WHEREVER THERE IS A DIFFERENCE, THE VERSION THAT I PROVIDE IS THE ONE THAT YOU SHOULD PRESENT IN YOUR PAPER.(Animal Research Informs Behavior)

The paper is divided into two parts (you do not need to include the headings listed below).  

Part 1: Basic Concepts and Principles  The first part of the paper discusses the fundamentals of operant conditioning based on animal research. First Two Paragraphs on Page 1:  Begin with a definition of operant conditioning as an approach to analyzing behavior that focuses on the ways in which behavior is influenced by its consequences in the environment. You can illustrate the process of operant conditioning by using the prototypical experiment of a rat that presses a bar, receives food, and then presses the bar at a higher rate. NOTE: It would be useful to define reinforcement and punishment here in the first paragraph when you discuss the consequences of behavior.

However, DO NOT start defining positive and negative reinforcement, and positive and negative punishment, in the first paragraph because these are technical distinctions that would distract from the basic point of the paragraph.   For contrast, in the next paragraph (not later in the paper), present a short paragraph (half page maximum) that discusses classical conditioning as a process in which learning occurs even though the learned behavior has no consequences in the environment. You can illustrate this process with the experiment in which the ringing of a bell is paired with food and a dog learns to salivate when the bell is rung even though the food is given regardless of the animal’s behavior. (You don’t have to use the terms US, UR, CS, CR.) Starting with the Third Paragraph and Continuing for 2 or 3 pages:

Define and give your own examples of the terms listed below (Part 1 is not a literature review). A common problem with students’ papers is that they leave out required terms or do not provide the requested information. It is suggested that you check off each of the following terms and related information as you complete it. Do not simply the list the terms. They should be conceptually related to each other with logical transitions between terms.

SEE CHECKLIST ON NEXT PAGE(Animal Research Informs Behavior)

Key Points on Terms … 1. Be sure to define a technical term before you use it t\4. o explain something else. 2. Do not use the term that you’re defining in the definition of that term.

Part 2: Human Operant Research  The second part of the paper summarizes two or more experiments (from different research articles, not from the same article) on human operant behavior that illustrate concepts from Part 1.  The articles you use must involve human participants in either a laboratory or applied setting. No credit will be given for a summary in which the subjects were animals. IN AT LEAST ONE OF YOUR ARTICLES, THE PARTICIPANTS MUST BE NORMAL ADULTS OR NORMAL TEENAGERS (i.e. not children, not psychotics, not mental patients, not autistic persons, and not mentally retarded persons).

The main purpose of the research must have been to study a process in operant conditioning (they can’t just use an operant concept to explain results from a study in a different field). Do not use an article that assesses ways of teaching operant conditioning.  The articles must be from a primary source in a printed journal (not a website or web page) describing the full original experiment and not from a secondary source, such as Psychological Bulletin, that presents summaries. Each of the experiments you summarize must come from a different research article. If a research article includes more than one experiment, you do not have to summarize all of the experiments in that article. One is enough if your summary of it is detailed and substantial. Each article must be summarized separately.

Do not combine two  9 articles into a single summary that makes blanket statements about what the two studies had in common.  Begin each summary by stating what concept or concepts from Part 1 it illustrates. In at least 1 page per article (preferably more than 1 page), describe the rationale, procedure, and specific findings of the study. In other words, you should compare findings (e.g., response rates) in different conditions or groups and not just state a general conclusion that the researchers drew from their findings. The summary is in past tense.  For an article on shaping, describe in detail the successive approximations that were used to establish the target response.

Whatever topic you select, your description of the research must be thorough enough to demonstrate that you have carefully read and understood the research. Use your own words and avoid paraphrasing and jargon.   Before summarizing your first study, present a paragraph to relate Part 1 to Part 2. You should indicate which concepts from Part 1 will be illustrated. Also, point out the key role of instructions in human operant research. A significant way in which human operant research differs from research with nonhuman species is that with human participants instructions are usually included to speed up the conditioning process.

(Animal Research Informs Behavior)

Typically, instructions are used to describe the response that will be reinforced. After the response occurs, it produces reinforcement and then the frequency of the response is increased. Instructions may also be used to describe the reinforcers (or punishers) involved and the schedules under which they will be administered (e.g., the complex reinforcement systems used in token economies).  You can point out that even though the use of instructions may seem to make human operant research fundamentally different from animal research, the instructions themselves may be conceptualized in basic operant conditioning terms. Instructions can be a type of discriminative stimulus in that they precede the response and signal that if the response is performed it may be reinforced. In this sense, instructions are just a more complex form of the visual and auditory stimuli used as discriminative stimuli in animal research.

Referring to an article. When you introduce an article in Part 2, give the authors’ last names and the year of publication, like: “A study by Renee and Creer (1976) used shaping to …” Do not give the authors’ first names, their institutional affiliation, or the title of the article.  SUGGESTED READINGS  As a general suggestion, you could look through issues of the Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis. This journal specializes in the study of human operant behavior in socially significant settings. In addition to the paper copies available in the library, all issues (except those from the most recent 6 months) are available online for free in pdf format. Links to all of the issues and articles can be found in the following archive: In your summary of each article, highlight the ways in which the researcher used instructions to facilitate conditioning, for example, by describing the response that was required for reinforcement or by describing the possible outcomes of that response.  see attachment for articles to read and research.

 
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Substance Use Disorders

Substance Use Disorders

(Substance Use Disorders)

Substance Use Disorders (SUDs) refer to conditions where an individual’s use of substances like alcohol, drugs (both legal and illegal), or other substances leads to health issues or problems at work, school, or home. These disorders are characterized by a pattern of harmful use, leading to impairment or distress. Treatment typically involves a combination of therapy, medication, and support groups to help individuals manage and recover from their addiction.

Read the following two case scenarios:

Initially, Jose used cocaine only on the weekends when he was out with friends. But now he uses it every day, even when alone. …

  • Provided 2 ratings

    Jane The Tutor Only Please

    Read the following two case scenarios:

    Initially, Jose used cocaine only on the weekends when he was out with friends. But now he uses it every day, even when alone. Jose spends nearly his …

  • Provided 1 ratings

    M1_A3 Substance Use Disorders

    Version:1.0 StartHTML:000000336 EndHTML:000005788 StartFragment:000001392 EndFragment:000005735 StartSelection:000001396 EndSelection:000005726 …

  • Provided 1 ratings

    For Catherine Owens Only

    Read the following two case scenarios:

    Initially, Jose used cocaine only on the weekends when he was out with friends. But now he uses it every day, even when alone. Jose spends nearly his entire …

  • Assignment 1a due today 10/11/2014

    The following is a list of the most commonly abused substances:

    • Alcohol
    • Marijuana
    • Hallucinogens such as LSD, or PCP or angel dust
    • Stimulants, such as …
  • Assignment 3: Substance Use Disorders

    Read the following two case scenarios:

    Initially, Jose used cocaine only on the weekends when he was out with friends. But now he uses it every day, even when …

  • Substance Use Disorders

    Read the following two case scenarios:

    Initially, Jose used cocaine only on the weekends when he was out with friends. But now he uses it every day, even when …

 
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Training for Radiation Emergencies

Training for Radiation Emergencies

(Training for Radiation Emergencies)

Respond to the question using the lessons and vocabulary found in the readings. Support your response with examples and research. Your response should clarify your understanding of the topic. It should be your own—original and free from plagiarism. Follow APA format for the writing style, spelling and grammar, and citation of sources.

Start reviewing and responding to the postings of your peers as early in the week as possible. Respond to at least two of your peers. Participate in the discussion by analyzing each response for completeness and accuracy and by suggesting specific additions or clarifications for improving the discussion question response.

Training for Radiation Emergencies

The public can be exposed to hazardous levels of ionizing radiation from nuclear war and disasters involving releases from nuclear reactors (e.g., the Chernobyl disaster in 1986, related to reactor malfunction and the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster in 2011, related to the earthquake and tsunami). Dispersion of radiation may also occur from medical devices unintentionally. In 1985, a radiotherapy clinic in Goiânia, Brazil, was closed down. However, the clinic left behind an unsecured cesium-137 therapy device. The device was taken apart for scrap by unknowing members of the public, exposing dozens of people to radiation and causing four deaths (International Atomic Energy Agency, 1988). Some experts have predicted that terrorists might use ordinary explosives to disseminate radiation (dirty bombs). To prepare for these events as well as other events involving releases of ionizing radiation or nuclear material, emergency responders such as HazMat personnel, emergency medical services professionals, law enforcement, and the public health workforce receive training.

Using the Internet, find one example of such a training program or course for emergency responders described in detail. This may be a training that is provided locally or regionally in your state or provided at the national level by groups such as those listed in the Federal Emergency Management Association’s (FEMA’s) Center for Domestic Preparedness.

In your response, address the following:

  • Briefly describe the course or training program, including whether the goal of the training is awareness or performance. List several key course objectives.
  • Discuss any hands-on training components of the training (such as drills, operation of equipment, handling of radioactive sources, etc.).
  • Who may benefit from the trainings on responding to radiation emergencies? What are some barriers to providing training to those groups?
 
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Nutrition In The News Blog

Nutrition In The News Blog

(Nutrition In The News Blog)

This assignment allows you to find current nutrition information in media sources (internet, magazine, etc) and critically analyze and evaluate validity.

There is a lot of confusion about nutrition these days and this is often related to the massive amount of information in the media, including television, radio, the internet, social media, magazines, etc.  There are other examples; these are just some of the common sources of nutrition information and misinformation found in the media.  For this assignment, think about nutrition information that you have recently read or heard about – perhaps it is from Facebook, or standing in line at the grocery, etc. Then consider whether or not the information is really science based.

Examples might be: blueberries prevent cancer, sugar causes diabetes, it does not matter how much saturated fat you eat, coffee is good for you, etc

You should use your knowledge of nutrition science that you will accumulate to determine whether or not the story is really science or if it is really another myth.  You can use stories from the news, video, movies, television, radio, magazines or you can simply search the Internet to find a website that offers nutrition information.

You will carefully review the information in the story/article/video/at the site and identify any “red flags” for misinformation.  You will then evaluate the quality of the information presented.

To write this blog:

Identify a source of the story (information and provide a reference to that which could be a website, URL, etc

summarize the information, including health-related claims;

find 2 valid sources of information concerning the topic – summarize what those sources say and provide APA references

evaluate the site for bias; and search for any disclaimers.  Y

decide whether or not this is a reliable source of nutrition information, and clearly explain why it is or is not.  Use material from your readings to make your argument.

 
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