Communicable And Infectious Disease

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Communicable And Infectious Disease.
Sexually Transmitted Disease And HIV And AIDS.

(Communicable And Infectious Disease)

Communicable and infectious diseases encompass a broad spectrum of illnesses that can be transmitted from one individual to another through various means. Among these, sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) hold a significant place due to their mode of transmission through sexual activity. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) are prime examples within this category, carrying substantial medical, social, and psychological implications.

STDs, including HIV/AIDS, pose a significant public health challenge globally. They not only impact individual health but also strain healthcare systems and social structures. The modes of transmission for STDs vary, including sexual intercourse, blood transfusions, and sharing needles. However, sexual contact remains the most common route for transmission.

HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, attacks the body’s immune system, specifically targeting CD4 cells, weakening the body’s ability to fight infections and diseases. Initially, HIV may not present noticeable symptoms, making it challenging to detect without testing. Without proper treatment, HIV can progress to AIDS, characterized by severe immune suppression and the onset of opportunistic infections and cancers, ultimately leading to death if left untreated.

Prevention and management strategies for STDs, including HIV/AIDS, encompass a multi-faceted approach. Education and awareness campaigns aim to promote safe sexual practices, encourage regular testing, and reduce stigma surrounding these diseases. Access to healthcare services, including testing, counseling, and treatment, plays a crucial role in controlling the spread of STDs and improving health outcomes for affected individuals.

Effective treatment regimens, such as antiretroviral therapy for HIV/AIDS, can significantly prolong and improve the quality of life for those living with these conditions. Additionally, the development of vaccines, such as the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, offers primary prevention against certain STDs.

In conclusion, STDs, including HIV/AIDS, represent a significant global health concern, with implications for individual health and broader public health systems. Comprehensive prevention, testing, and treatment strategies are essential in mitigating the impact of these diseases and improving overall health outcomes.

Communicable And Infectious Disease. Sexually Transmitted Disease And HIV And AIDS.

1.  In your own words and using the proper evidence-based references define communicable and infectious disease.  Discuss if there is any similarity and how they related each other.  Give some example of communicable disease and infectious disease and why they are classified like that.

2.  Discuss the vaccination requirement in our state and tell me if they are given to prevent communicable of infectious disease.  Give examples.

3.  Discuss why is no a “typical” STI(Sexually Transmitted Disease/Infection) patient.  Why does the presence of STI greatly increased the risk of HIV transmission?

4.  Present an overview of the medication Prep (Truvada) and discuss the pros and cons of the use of this medication in the prevention of communicable and infectious disease.

This assignment must be presented based in an APA format word document, Arial 12 font.

A minimum of 3 evidence-based references no older than 5 years  (excluding the class textbook) is required.  A minimum of 600 words is required (excluding first and last page).

 
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Nursing Challenge: Impact & Position

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Nursing Challenge: Impact & Position

(Nursing Challenge: Impact & Position)

Write a 4–6 page impact report to senior leadership that identifies the challenge, analyzes how it affects the organization from a nursing perspective, and details the new position.

Question description

ASSESSMENT INSTRUCTIONS

PREPARATION

Use the Suggested Resources for this assessment to study systems theory, SWOT analysis, and shared governance teams, as background for an Impact Report to Senior Leadership. The report includes a SWOT analysis. The SWOT Analysis Template is linked in Required Resources.

  • Study a facility in your area and examine its Web site and any available public documents to aid you in completing this assessment. You may wish to examine an organization where you work, where you have worked in the past, or where you did your clinical work.
  • Do not name the organization in your report; instead, identify the type of facility and location. Example: A rehabilitation center in a midsize Midwestern city.

Use the following scenario as the basis for your report:

ScenarioThe unit-based Shared Governance Council of the organization where you work has identified a major nursing-related challenge (patient/staff safety, confidentiality, management/staff conflict, poor patient satisfaction survey scores, or nursing staff shortages) within your health care organization.
In an unusual move, your system administrator is considering creating a new nurse leadership position that would have the responsibility and authority to address this specific issue. As a member of the shared governance council’s subcommittee, you have been asked to write the committee’s final report.

DELIVERABLE: IMPACT REPORT TO SENIOR LEADERSHIP

Write a 4–6 page impact report to senior leadership that identifies the challenge, analyzes how it affects the organization from a nursing perspective, and details the new position.

  • Use systems thinking and leadership theory as tools to approach this problem.

Construct the report with the following headings:

The Nursing Challenge:

  • Identify the nursing challenge and its impact from a nursing perspective. Choose from:
    • Patient/staff safety, confidentiality, management/staff conflict, poor patient-satisfaction survey scores, or nursing staff shortages.

The System/Organization:

  • Explain how the nursing challenge creates a gap or conflict between the organization’s statements and practice.
    • Identify the organization type—that is, specialty hospital, teaching hospital, major health care system, et cetera, and summarize the organizational structure, its mission, vision, and philosophy statements.
    • Use systems theory and systems thinking to explain the gap or conflict.

SWOT Analysis:

Use the SWOT Analysis Template linked in Required Resources and include the SWOT analysis table in your paper.

  • Identify organizational factors that impact the situation using a SWOT analysis.
    • For example, a budget cut may cause short staffing, which relates directly to the problem.
  • What factors within the system may facilitate a solution for this problem?

The Position:

  • Assess how the new nurse leader position will have power and influence and impact patient outcomes.
  • How will this position affect change within the organization?
  • Identify key leadership skills, knowledge, or abilities required for the position.

Additional Requirements

  • Written communication: Written communication should be free of errors that detract from the overall message.
  • APA formatting: Resources and in-text citations should be formatted according to current APA style and formatting.
  • Length: The report should be 4–6 pages in content length. Include a separate title page and a separate reference page.
  • Font and font size: Times New Roman, 12 point, double-spaced.
  • Number of resources: Use a minimum of three peer-reviewed resources.

CONTEXT

ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE, SYSTEMS THEORY, AND LEADERSHIP

Embedded within the AONE (2015) competencies for nursing leaders are various components of systems thinking and systems leadership. Nursing leaders need to perform a historical review of organizational theories because it helps them understand the effect of structures and theories that are relevant to health care organizational systems. This understanding leads to knowledge on how these systems affect the role and scope of nursing practice.

Effective CommunicationSystems theory came into use within the business sector following a publication on the subject by Peter Senge. As time progressed, health care leaders adapted principles from systems theory and applied them to health care organizations and systems. Systems theory maintains that the parts of the whole affect each other in many ways, with interactions so complex that any event or action may have multiple consequences across the entire whole (Senge, 1990).

Communication is a key competency for nurse executives. It may involve verbal, nonverbal, written, electronic, and other communication modalities. Communication among members of teams, between departments and service lines, within large networks, with strategic business partners, and with patients, families, or support persons requires awareness of various facets of effective communication.

References

AONE. (2015). Nurse executive competencies. Retrieved from http://www.aone.org/resources/leadership%20tools/n…

Senge, P. M. (1990). The fifth discipline: The art and practice of the learning organization. New York, NY: Currency Doubleday.

OVERVIEW

Write a 4–6 page impact report to senior leadership that identifies a nursing-related challenge, analyzes how it affects the organization from a nursing perspective, and details the new position.

Each organization has a unique structure that impacts the behavior of the organization. In health care organizations, this impact is on the ability of the organization to deliver quality patient care. Nursing is an essential component of any health care organization, and nursing leaders must understand the role of nursing and nursing leadership within the total organization. Understanding basic organizational structure, mission, vision, philosophy, and values will better prepare nurse leaders to improve quality and patient outcomes.

Impact Report to Senior Leadership Scoring Guide

CRITERIA NON-PERFORMANCE BASIC PROFICIENT DISTINGUISHED
Identify a nursing challenge and its impact from a nursing perspective. Does not identify a nursing challenge and its impact from a nursing perspective. Discusses general challenges in nursing, but does not identify a specific challenge or explain it from a nursing perspective. Identifies a nursing challenge and its impact from a nursing perspective. Identifies a nursing challenge and its impact from a nursing perspective, and addresses the impact on the organization, staff, and patients.
Explain how the nursing challenge creates a gap or conflict between the organization’s statements and practice. Does not explain how the identified nursing challenge creates a gap or conflict between the organization’s statements and practice. Discusses the organization’s philosophy and mission, but does not explain the disconnect between the ideal and the reality of practice. Explains how the identified nursing challenge creates a gap or conflict between the organization’s statements and practice. Explains how the identified nursing challenge creates a gap or conflict between the organization’s statements and practice, and refers to systems theory to explain factors that contribute to the problem.
Identify organizational factors that impact the situation using a SWOT analysis. Does not identify organizational factors that impact the situation using a SWOT analysis. Identifies organizational factors that impact the situation, but does not use a SWOT analysis. Identifies organizational factors that impact the situation using a SWOT analysis. Identifies organizational factors that impact the situation using a SWOT analysis, and identifies opportunities for improvements.
Identify key leadership skills, knowledge, or abilities required for the position. Does not identify key leadership skills, knowledge, or abilities required for the position. Lists key leadership skills but does not address the knowledge or abilities required for the position. Identifies key leadership skills, knowledge, or abilities required for the position. Identifies key leadership skills, knowledge, or abilities required for the position, and discusses how organizational power dynamics may be affected.
Assess how the new nurse leader position will have power and influence and impact patient outcomes. Does not assess how the new nurse leader position will have power and influence. Assesses how the new nurse leader position will affect patient outcomes, but does not discuss the effect on the organization. Assesses how the new nurse leader position will have power and influence. Assesses how the new nurse leader position will have power and influence and impact patient outcomes, and explains how it will impact the organization’s power structure and dynamics.
Write content clearly and logically, with correct use of grammar, punctuation, and mechanics. Does not write content clearly and logically, and there are errors in grammar, punctuation, and mechanics. Writes with errors in clarity, logic, grammar, punctuation, or mechanics. Writes content clearly and logically, with correct use of grammar, punctuation, and mechanics. Writes clearly and logically, with correct use spelling, grammar, punctuation, and mechanics, and uses relevant evidence to support a central idea.
Correctly format citations and references using current APA style. Does not correctly format citations and references using current APA style. Uses current APA to format citations and references but with numerous errors. Correctly formats citations and references using current APA style with a few errors. Correctly formats citations and references with no errors.

sorry i don’t really understand the “tags” bar… three references are needed, and can be used from from the example assignment.

 
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Assignment2: Business Operation Training

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Assignment2: Business Operation Training

(Assignment2: Business Operation Training)

Assignment 2: Business Operation Training focuses on equipping employees with essential skills to optimize organizational efficiency. Through interactive workshops and simulations, participants learn about strategic planning, process improvement, and resource allocation. Key topics include project management methodologies, supply chain optimization, and quality control techniques. The training emphasizes practical application, fostering critical thinking and problem-solving abilities. By enhancing operational proficiency, employees contribute to streamlined workflows and increased productivity, ultimately driving business success.

Assignment 2: Business Operation Training

You are an internal consultant working for a large organization. Top management believes all managers should understand how and why they operate the business in the manner they do. You have been asked to create a document to be used in an internal training program for newly appointed or newly hired managers. The company develops its strategic/business plans, objectives, and goals on the basis of competitor strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis. The training program will focus on this process.

In a Microsoft Word document, respond to the four elements as described below, each in its own dedicated section.

  • On the basis of the research, generically explain the difference between mission and vision statements. Provide two examples (of mission and vision statements) of two actual companies and compare and contrast the statements of the two companies.
  • Explain the difference between the purpose of a business strategy and a business model. Provide examples (of the business strategy and the business model) of two actual companies, discussing them.
  • After researching the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis, explain each element, describing how each might be used to gain a competitive advantage.
  • Discuss why each level of an organization must set goals that support the overall organizational goals (i.e., goal alignment) and ramifications for the organization if they are not aligned.

Your final product should be a 3- to 5-page Microsoft Word document using a minimum of three scholarly sources. Be sure you write in a clear, concise, and organized manner; demonstrate ethical scholarship in accurate representation and attribution of sources; and display accurate spelling, grammar, and punctuation. Use APA forma

 
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Implementation of IOM Future of Nursing

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Implementation of IOM Future of Nursing Report

(Implementation of IOM Future of Nursing)

Question description

In a formal paper of 1,000-1,250 words you will discuss the work of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Committee Initiative on the Future of Nursing and the Institute of Medicine research that led to the IOM report, “Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health.” Identify the importance of the IOM “Future of Nursing” report related to nursing practice, nursing education and nursing workforce development. What is the role of state-based action coalitions and how do they advance goals of the Future of Nursing: Campaign for Action?

Explore the Campaign for Action webpage (you may need to research your state’s website independently if it is not active on this site): http://campaignforaction.org/states

Review your state’s progress report by locating your state and clicking on one of the six progress icons for: education, leadership, practice, interpersonal collaboration, diversity, and data. You can also download a full progress report for your state by clicking on the box located at the bottom of the webpage.

In a paper of 1,000-1,250 words:

  1. Discuss the work of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Committee Initiative on the Future of Nursing and the Institute of Medicine research that led to the IOM report, “Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health.”
  2. Identify the importance of the IOM “Future of Nursing” report related to nursing practice, nursing education and nursing workforce development.
  3. What is the role of state-based action coalitions and how do they advance goals of the Future of Nursing: Campaign for Action?

Summarize two initiatives spearheaded by your state’s action coalition. In what ways do these initiatives advance the nursing profession? What barriers to advancement currently exist in your state? How can nursing advocates in your state overcome these barriers?

A minimum of three scholarly references are required for this assignment.

Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

 
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Spiritual Needs Assessment & Reflection

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Spiritual Needs Assessment & Reflection

(Spiritual Needs Assessment & Reflection)

Details:

This assignment requires you to interview one person and requires an analysis of your interview experience.

Part I: Interview

Select a patient, a family member, or a friend to interview. Be sure to focus on the interviewee’s experience as a patient, regardless of whom you choose to interview.

Review The Joint Commission resource found in topic materials, which provides some guidelines for creating spiritual assessment tools for evaluating the spiritual needs of patients. Using this resource and any other guidelines/examples that you can find, create your own tool for assessing the spiritual needs of patients.

Your spiritual needs assessment survey must include a minimum of five questions that can be answered during the interview. During the interview, document the interviewee’s responses.

The transcript should include the questions asked and the answers provided. Be sure to record the responses during the interview by taking detailed notes. Omit specific names and other personal information through which the interviewee can be determined.

Part II: Analysis

Write a 500-750 word analysis of your interview experience. Be sure to exclude specific names and other personal information from the interview. Instead, provide demographics such as sex, age, ethnicity, and religion. Include the following in your response:

  1. What went well?
  2. Were there any barriers or challenges that inhibited your ability to complete the assessment tool? How would you address these in the future or change your assessment to better address these challenges?
  3. How can this tool assist you in providing appropriate interventions to meet the needs of your patient?
  4. Did you discover that illness and stress amplified the spiritual concern and needs of your interviewee? Explain your answer with examples.

Submit both the transcript of the interview and the analysis of your results. This should be submitted as one document. The interview transcript does not figure into the word count.

Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide,

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

You are required to submit this assignment to Turnitin.

This benchmark assignment assesses the following competencies:

CONHCP Program Competencies for the RN-BSN:

5.2: Assess for the spiritual needs and provide appropriate interventions for individuals, families, and groups.

 
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Conflicting Viewpoints Essay2

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Conflicting Viewpoints Essay2

(Conflicting Viewpoints Essay2)

When looking for information about a particular issue, how often do you try to resist biases toward your own point of view? This assignment asks you to engage in this aspect of critical thinking by playing the “Believing Game.” The Believing Game is about making the effort to “believe” – or at least consider – the reasons for an opposing view on an issue.

The assignment is divided into two (2) parts.
In Part I of the assignment (due Week 2), you will first read a book excerpt about critical thinking processes: “The Believing Game and How to Make Conflicting Opinions More Fruitful” at http://www.procon.org/sourcefiles/believinggame.pdf. Next, you will review the Procon.org Website in order to gather information. Then, you will engage in prewriting to examine your thoughts.
Note: In Part II of the assignment (due Week 4), you will write an essay geared towards synthesizing your ideas.

Part I – Prewriting: Follow the instructions below for this prewriting activity.  Use complete sentences and adhere to standard rules of English grammar, punctuation, mechanics, and spelling.
1. Select one (1) of the approved topics from the www.procon.org Website and state your position on the issue.
2. From the Procon.org Website, identify three (3) premises (reasons) listed under either the Pro or Con section – whichever section opposes your position.
3.For each of the three (3) premises (reasons) that oppose your position on the issue, answer these “believing” questions suggested by Elbow:

  1. What’s interesting or helpful about this view?
  2. What would I notice if I believed this view?
  3. In what sense or under what conditions might this idea be true?”

The paper should follow guidelines for clear and organized writing:

  • Include an introductory paragraph and concluding paragraph.
  • Address main ideas in body paragraphs with a topic sentence and supporting sentences.
  • Adhere to standard rules of English grammar, punctuation, mechanics, and spelling.

Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:

  • Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA Style format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.
  • Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length.

The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:

  • Identify the informal fallacies, assumptions, and biases involved in manipulative appeals and abuses of language.
  • Create written work utilizing the concepts of critical thinking.
  • Use technology and information resources to research issues in critical thinking skills and informal logic.
 
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Preparation for Generating Policy Proposal

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Assignment 2: Preparation for Generating a Policy Proposal

(Preparation for Generating Policy Proposal)

Although some states and cities have passed laws to ban texting and using handheld phones while driving, there is no current law to ban all cell phone use while driving. However, according to the National Safety Council (2009), 28 percent of all crashes—1.6 million per year—are caused by cell phone use and texting by drivers. The mission of a new national nonprofit organization called FocusDriven, patterned after Mothers Against Drunk Driving, is to make phone use while driving as illegal and socially unacceptable as drunk driving. US Transportation Secretary Ray LaHood supports FocusDriven and its efforts.

According to the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, LaHood said that this movement would become “an army of people traveling the countryside” to push for bans on cell-phone use and tough enforcement (Schmitz, 2010). As a political advocate interested in this issue, you will be writing a policy proposal that utilizes the current research to propose a solution to the issue and submitting it in Module 5.

Annotated Bibliography: Effect of Cell Phone Use

Before you can write this proposal research, you will need to conduct initial research on the science behind this initiative. For this assignment, use the online library resources to locate research reports from peer-reviewed journals that discuss the effects of cell phone use on vision, attention, perception, or memory. In selecting at least five research reports from peer-reviewed journals relevant to the topic, make sure they address one or more of the following issues:

  • How do texting, handheld phones, and hands-free phones compare with each other in their effects on driving?
  • How do other, traditional distractions compare to cell phone use in their effects on driving (such as eating, attending to children, talking to passengers, listening to music/news, etc.)?
  • Can cell phone use while driving be compared with drunk driving? Why or why not?
  • What other variables (such as age) can affect driving while using a cell phone?

Based on your reading of the five articles, create an annotated bibliography for each of the five sources. Each annotation should consist of the APA reference entry followed by a paragraph-long summary of the articles. In your summary, provide answers for the questions below. For the last question, think about how the research results could be generalized to fit other environments or not be generalized.

  • Summarize the main ideas in the reference. What were they investigating?
  • How were the studies conducted? What was the sample size? Is it appropriate?
  • Were the studies conducted in the real world or was a simulated environment used?
  • How might these methodological considerations affect the research findings and the conclusions drawn from them? How does this article fit in with your paper? How did it influence your own ideas about your paper?

Your annotated bibliography should be at 3–4 pages in length.

 
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Constitutional Interpretation

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Constitutional Interpretation: Pending Supreme Court Case

(Constitutional Interpretation)

Question description

Research Paper

In this essay you will research a case that is actively pending before the Supreme Court of the United States (not yet decided by the Court when you submit your essay at the end of Week Five). It must be a case that raises significant issues involving the interpretation of the Constitution. The thesis of your essay will be a statement of the decision, regarding these issues, which the Court should make, according to your research and analysis of the constitutional principles, Court precedents, facts of the case, and other relevant information.

Step One: Identify a Pending Case
First, you must identify a pending constitutional case that you will research. Here are some suggested search strategies:

  1. Go to http://www.oyez.org and click on “Cases” (at the top-center) to display a list of cases before the Court during its current term. It will show the date on which the case was or is scheduled to be argued before the Court.  Only consider cases that have not yet been argued or were argued very recently; so the Court is unlikely to issue its decision before you submit your essay. Click on the name of a case in this list to display the legal “questions” in each case. Look for “questions” that pose constitutional issues; and from these select a case that presents issues that you would want to research.
  2. Go to http://www.scotusblog.com/ and click on “Merits Cases” (at the top-left side) to display a list of recent terms and select the most recent term (e.g., “October Term 2012). That displays a list of cases before the Court during its current term. It will show the date on which the case was or is scheduled to be argued before the Court.  Only consider cases that have not yet been argued or were argued veryrecently; so the Court is unlikely to issue its decision before you submit your essay. This list also summarizes the issues in each case so that you can identify those with constitutional issues. Click on the name of a case to view more information about it, including links to various resources which may directly support your research.
  3. Google the phrase “pending cases before the US supreme court.” Explore the links that Google offers. If you discover a constitutional case that you want to research, use Oyez or SCOTUSBlog (above) to verify that the case will still be pending when you submit your essay in Week Five.

Step Two: Instructor Approval(Constitutional Interpretation)
Next, your instructor may want you to identify your case, the date it will be (or was) argued, and the constitutional issues posed. Follow your instructor’s directions in this regard. Or, be proactive and forward your case information in Week One or Week Two.

Step Three: Begin Your Research
Now, you should be ready to research your case (remember the valuable resources that may be available in SCOTUSBlog). Start by reviewing the relevant chapter(s) in the textbook. Also, do some serious searching for scholarly articles in the Ashford Online Library.

Step Four: Begin Writing Your Paper
Your paper must clearly state your position on the constitutional issues posed in the case. Your paper should not address broader questions about the merits of the case or your personal opinions about extraneous matters; but it should focus on whether or not the state or federal rules, regulations, or laws at issue would violate a specific provision(s) of the Constitution. You must clearly explain and logically apply a plausible interpretation of the constitutional provision(s) and justify your position using rationales from other relevant and identified Supreme Court decisions. Make clear whether you are relying on rationales used by the Court’s majority view or by a dissenting view; and if you rely on a dissent, your analysis should persuasively justify why this rationale should displace the prevailing majority rationale. Where appropriate, you may also incorporate support from scholarship in the disciplines of history, social science, biology, ethics, criminal justice studies, and public policy; but, such perspectives may be introduced only as they are directly relevant to interpreting the constitutional provision(s) at issue in the case.

Writing the Research Paper
The Research Paper:

  1. Must be eight to ten double-spaced pages in length, and formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.
  2. Must include a title page with the following:
    1. Title of paper
    2. Student’s name
    3. Course name and number
    4. Instructor’s name
    5. Date submitted
  3. Must begin with an introductory paragraph that has a succinct thesis statement.
  4. Must address the topic of the paper with critical thought.
  5. Must end with a conclusion that reaffirms your thesis.
  6. Must use at least five scholarly resources, including two Supreme Court decisions, and a minimum of two scholarly articles from the Ashford Online Library for a total of seven resources.
  7. Must document all sources in APA style, as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.
  8. Must include a separate reference page, formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.
 
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Methods For Fairness In Testing

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Beyond Bias: Methods For Fairness In Testing

(Methods For Fairness In Testing)Resources

In the unit readings from your Psychological Testing and Assessmenttext, you read about misconceptions regarding test bias and test fairness, two terms that are often incorrectly considered synonymous. While questions regarding test bias have been addressed through technical means, issues with test fairness are tied to values. The text attempts to define test fairness in a psychometric context and provides eight techniques for preventing or remedying adverse impact on one or another group (see page 209). One of these techniques included differential cutoffs. Furthermore, you were introduced to a variety of methods for setting cut scores. These methods have been based on either CTT or IRT.

For this discussion, synthesize the information you learned about these two theories and respective methods. In your post:

  • Determine which one is preferential for responding to questions about a test’s fairness.
  • Identify at least two advantages and two disadvantages in using each theory, citing appropriate AERA standards from your readings.
  • Defend your preference in terms of the methods used within each theory and how they apply to concepts of fairness across groups. Essentially, how does it best address test fairness?
  • Describe how advances in technology are improving the process of test development and inclusion of appropriate items.

StudiesKey ConceptsReview Unit 5 Key Concepts.ReadingsUse your Psychological Testing and Assessment text to complete the following:Read Chapter 7, “Utility,” pages 212–239.Read Chapter 8, “Test Development,” pages 240–269.Review the information on validity, bias, and fairness on pages 204–210.Use your Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing text to read Chapter 4, “Test Design and Development,” pages 75–94.Use the Capella library to review Embretson’s 2004 article, “The Second Century of Ability Testing: Some Predictions and Speculations,” from Measurement: Interdisciplinary Research and Perspectives, volume 2, issue 1, pages 1–32.Use the Internet to review page 5 of “Code of Fair Testing Practices in Education” from Joint Committee on Testing Practices.TurnitinWhile Turnitin is always recommended, a Turnitin submission in this course is required for assignments in Units 5 and 9. An appropriate Turnitin score and report are required for the assignments. Remember that you will need to do both of the following steps: (1) upload the paper to Turnitin and (2) submit it to the assignment area for a grade. It is recommended that everyone obtain a Turnitin score and report prior to assignment submission so you have time to make any changes, if necessary, to reach an acceptable range for Turnitin, or content matching to published work. After you obtain a score, then you can click on the report link to see a color-coded matching to existing content. Review that document closely to determine if edits are necessary prior to submitting the paper in the courseroom’s assignment area. Turnitin is a wonderful and powerful tool provided in the courseroom to assist in editing your work for originality.Unit 5 Learning CheckComplete the Unit 5 Learning Check. All learning checks are required activities. While you do not receive a unit grade for completing each check, it remains a course requirement, and will assist you in understanding the content in the units, and will prepare you for the final quiz in Unit 10, which is graded

 
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Mini Research Proposal

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Mini Research Proposal

(Mini Research Proposal)

This written assignment for this week is based on the work conducted in the “Correlation and Regression Study” discussion forum from this week. Based on this initial work, feedback received, and additional research, you will submit a mini research proposal that calls for the use of correlation and regression analyses.

Please include the following in the research proposal:

  • Introduction (1 paragraph)
    • Present the research question of interest.
    • Provide a basic description of what correlation and regression are.
    • Explain how correlation and regression apply to this research question.
  • Methods
    • Participants (1 paragraph)
      • List how many participants will be selected.
      • Identify who will be the participants and their major demographic characteristics (e.g., sex, age, etc.).
      • Explain how participants will be selected for the study.
    • Procedures (1-2 paragraphs)
      • Identify the variables in the study.
      • Describe each variable’s scale of measurement (nominal, ordinal, interval, or ratio) and characteristics (i.e., discrete vs. continuous, qualitative vs. categorical, predictor vs. criterion, etc.).
      • Provide an operational definition for each variable, explaining how the variables will be measured.
  • Results (1-2 paragraphs)
    • Describe the statistical tests that will be conducted. Be sure to include why each test was chosen and why it was appropriate for this study.
    • Identify the information that will be obtained from the results of these tests and what will be needed to answer the research question.
  • Discussion (1 paragraph)
    • Identify any expected biases, assumptions, or faults with the proposed study and the use of the identified statistical tests.
    • Explain what conclusions can and cannot be made for this study, when using these statistical tests.
    • Describe the practical significance or importance of the results.

The paper should be APA formatted as a research proposal, and approximately 1000-1300 words of content, not including the title and reference pages. Include a title page, and a reference page that includes any resources utilized. Submit your paper by Day 7.

 
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