Archive for month: December, 2023

2018 Fall Term Project Three Instructions and Scenario

You are to assume the role of the emergency coordinator, safety officer, or loss prevention manager of a chemical plant responsible for the safety and health of employees and the control of hazardous materials and wastes in the facility and the local community. You are to develop two emergency plans for the industrial facility as set forth in the following scenario. One plan must be an OSHA compliant Emergency Action Plan for the facility and the second one must be an EPA compliant Contingency Plan for the facility and its surrounding community. There are specific OSHA and EPA regulations that are found in the respective Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) for each of the agencies. Part of the exercise for this project is for you to show that you can identify and use the appropriate regulations from the CFR. Since some of the requirements in these regulations are duplicative between the agencies, you may choose to develop and generate one comprehensive plan that contains the required elements for each agency, as long as you comply with all of the elements found in both of the agency requirements.

It is expected that your plan(s) contain a cover page, a table of contents tied into page numbering, the body of your plan(s), and a bibliography. You will be provided with drawings of the plant site and surrounding areas and a building plan for the facility. Your plan(s) must address the hazards of the facility’s site and building structure.

Since this is a hypothetical scenario, you may use your imagination to name the facility, the staff members playing a role in the plan, and any other information that is not formally identified. The chemical’s involved are specifically identified and their hazards must be identified and addressed.

Good luck, let your imagination take you where it may. There are no restrictions on the length of your submission. But to get full credit, you must make sure you address each element of the OSHA Emergency Action Plan requirements and the EPA Contingency Plan requirements. Please submit your completed paper in MS Word format and place it in your assignment folder.

Scenario

Your facility is a chemical plant that manufactures a viscous, flammable, toxic end product called Methyl-Ethyl-Peanut Butter. Raw materials are shipped in, mixed into the final product, and shipped out to customers via multiple modes of transportation. The plant is located on a site in a light industrial park adjacent to an Interstate Highway and is surrounded in the park by similar facilities. Outside the park are private, residential buildings and a town with multiple commercial properties. The town has a Level One Trauma hospital and care facility along with a paid fire department including a hazardous material response unit. The town also has a paid local police department supported by a local State Police substation. Please address the hazards of these conditions and the use of these outside resources. If you have questions, please contact me, but you are basically on your own.

 

 

 

 

YOUR FACILITY AND SITE PLANS

 

 

Office Building

River

Pier

Rail Line

Storage Tanks

Waste Tanks

Manufacturing Building

Interstate Highway

Entrance Road

Parking Lot

Pipelines

 

Figure 1- Layout of Plant Facility

 

Offices

QC Labs

Mixing and Production

Packaging

Shipping & Receiving

Mixed Storage

The manufacturing building contains five mixing/processing tanks connected in-line to the packing machinery. Final packages are moved to shipping and receiving for final distribution. There is a mixed material storage area at the end of the plant as well as offices and quality control labs.

Acetone

Sulfuric Acid

Magnesium Powder

Mixed Wastes

Finished Product

Tank Contents

 

Figure 2 – Manufacturing Building Layout

 

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Unit 1 Graphing Exercise (watch lecture 1.0 first)

Global Population Growth and Energy Consumption

For a variety of reasons that will be covered later in the course, the number of human beings on Earth has been rising extremely quickly for many decades. In fact, over a period of 50 years, from 1960 to 2010, the human population grew from 3 billion to 6.9 billion. This means that the population doubled in that time – plus and additional 900 million people.

Let’s put this population growth into perspective. The world’s population increased by 3.9 billion people from 1960 to 2010, and the entire U.S. population is about 325 million. Therefore, that’s the same thing as adding the entire population of the U.S. to the Earth twelve times, and in just 50 years! Try to imagine how many more people that is that need to be housed, fed, clothed, etc.

So, there are far more people on Earth than just a few years ago, but that’s not the only “problem”. To add to this population explosion, there has also been a rapid growth in global wealth and consumerism. In other words, there are more people, and they use/own a lot more stuff. Of course, there are still billions of poor people around the world, but overall, humans use/own a lot more things, and we must use natural resources to create, transport, maintain, and run these things, etc.

A good example that makes this clear is the increase in the number of cars, trucks, and buses on Earth relative to population growth. From 1960 to 2010, the human population grew from 3 billion to 6.9 billion, but the number of cars, trucks, and buses grew from 130 million to about 1,000 million (1 billion). This means the population increased about 2.3 times, while the number of cars, trucks, and buses increased about 7 times. It takes a lot natural resources to create, transport, maintain, and run these cars, trucks, and buses.

More people with more money means we make and use more lights, air conditioners, washing machines, clothes dryers, hair dryers, water heaters, TVs, stoves and ovens, microwave ovens, refrigerators, computers, phones, boats, motorcycles and scooters, chainsaws, lawnmowers, swimming pools, clothes, and so on, and we make and eat a lot more food, too.

In this exercise you’ll visualize the growth of the human population and the increase of its energy consumption over 60 years. By doing so, you’ll be able to see that energy consumption has been growing faster than the population has been growing, especially since the late 1990s.

Note that world energy consumption is the total amount of energy used by all of human civilization, and includes all energy harnessed from every energy source. This is sometimes expressed as Millions of Metric Tons of Oil Equivalent (the amount of oil that we’d need to burn to produce a given amout of energy), but here it will be expressed as Thousands of Terawatt-hours (TWh). This would be the amount of electricty produced if we converted all the energy we use into electricity.

Note that 1 TWh is the same thing as 1 Billion Watt-hours, and that 1,000 TWh is the same thing as 1 Trillion watt-hours. That’s enough electricity to run a 100 watt light bulb for 1,141,552 years. Yes, over a million years!

Now, use the data on the next page to complete the blank line graph on the third page, and submit the graph by the posted deadline. Remember to watch video 0.6 (Making Graphs) before making yours, and to follow the submission guidelines. It can be found in the “START HERE” folder under course files.

Year	1960	1965	1970	1975	1980	1985	1990
World Population in Billions	3	3.3	3.7	4.1	4.5	4.9	5.3
Energy Consumption in 1000 TWh	42	50	58	68	77	84	94
Year	1995	2000	2005	2010	2015	2020
World Population in Billions	5.7	6.1	6.5	6.9	7.3	7.7
Energy Consumption in 1000 TWh	101	110	122	138	156	174

 Unit 1 Graphing Exercise

 

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Environmental Science: Toward a Sustainable Future

by Wright and Boorse, 12th edition

16 Multiple Choice Questions

1) The future worldwide use of irrigation:

A) is expected to double in the next 20 years due to increasing demands for food

B) is limited by the availability of freshwater, waterlogging, and salinization of soils

C) depends on new technologies to extract more groundwater

D) will require increased reliance on new hydrogen technologies to produce freshwater

16) The development of new varieties of grain crops increased productivity by increasing the:

A) surface area of the leaves of the plants

B) size of the roots and ability to absorb water

C) strength of the stems to support more grains

D) size and number of seeds

2) In the last 50 years, the greatest progress in addressing worldwide hunger and malnutrition came from the:

A) use of better transportation methods to export grain more efficiently

B) development and use of new varieties of high-yielding wheat and rice

C) reduced reliance on pesticides, herbicides, and chemical fertilizers

D) widespread use of sustainable irrigation methods

3) Although the Green Revolution has greatly reduced world hunger and malnutrition, it has:

A) doubled the amount of land used to raise crops

B) not significantly increased the productivity of modern agriculture

C) required high levels of increasingly expensive fertilizer and pesticides

D) contributed significantly to the destruction of the ozone layer

4) Radiation exposure immediately around a properly functioning nuclear power plant is about

A) less than 1% of natural background exposure.

B) double normal environmental background exposure.

C) 10 times higher than normal environmental background exposure.

D) 100 times higher than normal environmental background exposure.

5) Nuclear bombs rely upon:

A) a domino effect that causes the nuclear fission of uranium-235 in less than a second

B) a domino effect that causes the nuclear fusion of uranium-235 in less than a second

C) an instantaneous fission of uranium-235 under extreme pressures

D) an instantaneous fusion of uranium-235 under extreme pressures

6) Enrichment of nuclear fuel:

A) increases the relative concentration of uranium-235 to only 3-5% to avoid any possibility of nuclear explosion at higher percentages

B) increases the relative concentration of uranium-235 to 30-50% to avoid a nuclear explosion at higher percentages

C) decreases the relative concentration of uranium-235 from 60% to only 3-5% to avoid a nuclear explosion at higher percentages

D) decreases the relative concentration of uranium-235 from 100% to 30-50% to avoid a nuclear explosion at higher percentages

7) The actual fission reactions that release energy in a nuclear power plant are about:

A) two-thirds from uranium-235 and one-third from uranium-239

B) one-third from uranium-235 and two-thirds from uranium-239

C) two-thirds from uranium-235 and one-third from plutonium-239

D) one-third from uranium-235 and two-thirds from plutonium-239

8) A self-amplifying reaction and a nuclear explosion in a nuclear power plant are prevented in large part by:

A) the regular addition of uranium-239 to the fuel

B) control rods that absorb extra neutrons

C) the production of plutonium-239

D) fuel rods that absorb tremendous amounts of heat

Unit 3 Examination

9) Compared to a nuclear plant, a coal-fired plant:

A) releases more than 100 times more radioactivity because of radioactive elements in coal.

B) requires much less mining and results in fewer mining deaths.

C) contributes to acid rain, and a nuclear plant does not.

D) emits much less carbon dioxide.

10) About how much of the sun’s radiation would strike the Earth if the Earth did not have its atmosphere?

A) about 10 times more

B) about twice as much

C) it would be about the same

D) about half as much

11) With all of the sun’s energy striking the Earth every second of every day, why doesn’t the Earth overheat and kill us all?

A) The Earth is so large and dense that it absorbs all of this heat.

B) The Earth is overheating regionally, melting rocks into the lava of volcanoes.

C) The Earth maintains a balance by radiating this heat back into space.

D) The atmosphere of the Earth prevents the solar radiation from reaching the Earth’s surface.

12) The thinning of the troposphere away from the equator is primarily a result of:

A) land masses moving towards the poles

B) shifting of the continental plates due to plate tectonics

C) differences in solar energy striking the Earth

D) the number of clouds in the mesosphere and thermosphere

13) The effect of the 2008 recession has

A) speeded up the flight from inner cities to suburbs.

B) made existing properties more valuable.

C) greatly slowed the suburban building boom and the purchase of new houses.

D) reversed the movement to suburbs, increasing the pressure to find housing in the inner city.

Unit 4 Examination

14) Over the past 60 years, as people moved from U.S. cities to suburbs, the people that were left behind in the cities were primarily

A) older, poor people representing ethnic minorities.

B) younger, wealthy people representing ethnic minorities. C) older and wealthy Caucasians.

D) younger Caucasians.

15) _________________ ranges from supporting and voting for particular candidates to expressing your support for particular legislation through letters or phone calls.

A) Lifestyle choices

B) Membership in nongovernmental organizations

C) Political involvement

D) None of the above

 

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The Unit VII Lesson presents strategies for solving industrial waste problems, corporate social responsibility (CSR), and proactive strategies in industrial waste.

For this assignment, locate a case study (do not use one that has been previously discussed in the course) that addresses solving industrial waste problems. Ensure you address the following issues:

• strategies for solving industrial waste-related problems,
• role of corporate social responsibility in waste strategies, and
• proactive strategies for industrial waste management.

Your case study must be at least three pages in length, not counting the title page and reference page (title and reference pages do not count toward the minimum page requirement). Locate a peer-reviewed article that centers on industrial waste strategies that is no more than five years old from the CSU Online Library. In addition, you must use the required unit resources article, “Determinants of Monetary Penalties for Environmental Violations,” for a total of two sources for your case study.

Ensure you follow APA Style guidelines for this assignment, and adhere to guidelines when creating citations and references since outside sources are used for this assignment.

 

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