36 Questions – Environmental Science

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1.  Do you think the Earth is a living organism? Why or why not?

2.  Why are people in Haiti so vulnerable to major natural hazards?

3.  Why did you take this environmental geology course?

4.  Would an exponential negative growth of human population be a solution to many environmental problems?

5.  Are there any conflicts between global environmental unity principle and regional economic development?

6.  a.  Look around your house or apartment and make a list of five different materials that relate to geology. For example, do you have a granite countertop? Slate floor or pool table? Salt in your kitchen? Drywall (made from gypsum)? Metal Objects? Plastic items (made from petroleum)?

b.  Indicate those items that can be recycled.

c.  If you currently do not recycle, describe what would cause you

7.  Assume the Pangaea never broke up, how might today’s environments be different?

8.  What are the major differences in plate tectonic settings between the U.S. eastern and western coasts?

9.  Will the tectonic cycle ever stop? Why or why not?

10.  Why is most seismic and volcanic energy released along the Pacific rim?

11.  Does plate tectonics play a role in shaping your local environment?

12.  Extremophile bacteria can live and thrive under extreme conditions. Why are they important to the search for extraterrestrial life?

13.  Discuss different ways that rocks and minerals are used to benefit or to harm the environment

14.  What rock property and rock structure factors should you consider for a major engineering site selection?

  1. Suppose you are the superintendent of schools, what steps would you take to determine if there was an asbestos hazard, and how would you communicate with parents?
  2. What factors contributed to the failure of the St. Francis Dam?

17.  A town is located in the foothills of a mountain range. The rock types in the city limits and just beyond include basalt, shale, and limestone. As the town grows and expands, what advice could you give planners as to potential geologic problems related to the rocks to be aware of as new buildings and roads are sited? What additional geologic information would be necessary?

18.  The rock cycle indicates how rocks can be transformed from one type to another. In other words, older rocks are recycled into new rocks. How can an older sedimentary rock be transformed into a new sedimentary rock without first becoming a metamorphic rock?

19.  An ecosystem consists of both living community and its nonliving environment. Is one of two components more important?

20.  Based upon the linkage between ecology and geology, what is the importance of interdisciplinary collaborations in ecological restoration?

21.  What are the critical ecological challenges in your area?

22.  Are there any positive impacts of land transformation on your local ecosystems?

23.  How do seawalls reduce biodiversity?

24.  What did you learn from the case history of wolves in Yellowstone National Park?

25.  List all the natural hazardous processes in the area where you live. What is done? What is more to be done?

26.  Construct a U.S. vulnerability map of natural hazards by state. (Hint: create a legend with different colors representing different hazards, and then color in the state with the most common hazard it experiences. You’ll probably have to do some internet research to find the data for this one.)

Diagram, map Description automatically generated

27.  What is the difference between forecasting and warning?

28.  Can humans eventually control the impact risks of natural hazards? Explain your rationale.

29.  Develop a plan for your community to evaluate the risk of flooding. How would you go about determining an acceptable risk?

30.  Do you agree or disagree that land use change in population increase are increasing the risk from natural processes? Develop a hypothesis and discuss how it might be tested.

31.  What is the main lesson from the recent earthquakes in Italy and Haiti? How important is the wealth of a country to reducing the earthquake hazard?

32.  From your point of view, what can an individual citizen do to minimize the earthquake impact risks?

33.  What would be your approach to present info on earthquake hazard to people who knew very little about earthquake?

34.  Propose geologic scenarios that may change the global earthquake distribution patterns.

35.  You live in an area that has a significant earthquake hazard. There is ongoing debate as to whether an earthquake warning system should be developed. Some people are worried that false alarms will cause a lot of problems, and others point out that the response time may not be very long.

a.  What are your views? Do you think it is a responsibility of public officials to finance an earthquake warning system, assuming such systems are feasible?

b.  What are potential implications if a warning system is not developed, and a large earthquake results in damage that could have been partially avoided with a warning system in place?

36.  Look up your birthday in “Today in Earthquake History” (https://earthquake.usgs.gov/learn/today/) and see what you find! Investigate the tectonic setting of any significant earthquake listed.

37.  What is the role of human population increase in impacting the Indonesian tsunami of 2004?

38.  Why do you think that prior to the 2004 Indonesian tsunami there was no warning system in the Indian Ocean? Was this a function of science or values?

39.  What is the probability of your community being impacted by tsunami?

40.  Do you think that there is any strong link between sustainability and a tsunami?

41.  Why might it be difficult for people who live far from a serious earthquake hazard to appreciate and prepare for tsunami damage?

42.  You are charged with developing an education program with the objective of raising a community’s understanding of tsunami. What sort of program would you develop, and what would it be based upon?

43.  What are the possible reasons why people live near a volcano?

44.  Is your area vulnerable to the impact risks of volcanic activities?

45.  How do political and economic factors influence people’s attitude toward the volcanic hazard?

46.  How to develop a public relations program that could alert people to a potential volcanic hazard?

47.  While looking through some old boxes in your grandparents’ home, you find a sample of volcanic rock collected by your great-grandfather. No one knows where it was collected. You take it to school, and your geology professor says it is a sample of andesite.

a.  What might you tell your grandparents about the type of volcano from which it probably came?

b.  What is the geologic environment the rock came from?

c.  What type of volcanic activity produced it?

48.  With respect to lava flow hazards, why are basaltic magmas able to threaten developed areas much farther away from a volcano compared to andesitic magmas?

49.  As a planner, outline a plan of action working for a community that is expanding into the headwater portions of drainage basins.

50.  Does the community you live in have a flood hazard? If not, why not? If there is a hazard, what has been done and/or is being done to reduce or eliminate the hazard? What more could be done?

51.  What are the largest floods to have ever occurred in your area?

52.  With the global warming, what do you think the frequency and magnitude of flooding would change?

53.  Differentiate between competency and capacity. Does a stream’s competency and capacity change over time?

54.  Humans construct artificial levees to reduce flooding. How then can these levees increase the frequency and severity of flooding?

55.  Discuss the reasons why our society could not prevent slope development.

56.  Assume you have been hired by a community to make the citizens more aware of the landslide hazard in very steep topographic area. Outline a plan of action and defend it.

57.  Compare and contrast landslide hazards and impact risks in the east coast versus west coast, tropical versus polar regions.

58.  Increased water content is one of the more common mass wasting/landslide triggers. Why does the actual landslide event sometimes take place as much as a month or more after a period of heavy rain?

59.  a.  Why is wet beach sand able to form steeper slopes than dry sand?

b.  How is this consistent with the fact that excess water can cause a slope to become unstable?

60.  What is the role of ground water in the formation of sink holes?

 
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Blue Sky Mine

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A. To prepare for your original posting, do some online research about the Blue Sky Mine and then view the official music video “Blue Sky Mine” by Midnight Oil (on page 8 under their Videos tab) in order to:

1. identify (and post using 1a, 1b, etc to identify your answers) – 4 pts

  1. a. what was mined here and for what purpose the material was/is used
  2. b. how the Colonial Sugar Refinery treated its miners during and after the mine operations
  3. c. whether or not the company demonstrated principles of corporate social responsibility (look this term up if it’s unfamiliar to you)
    1. if they did demonstrate corporate social responsibility, describe at least two example of how they did demonstrate CSR
    2. if they did not demonstrate corporate social responsibility, describe at least two examples of how they could have demonstrated CSR
  4. who is responsible for ensuring corporate social responsibility in any setting in any nation and why

2. describe (and post) how Midnight Oil uses music (speed, tone, volume, key, etc.), lyrics, and, importantly, images to tell the story of the Blue Sky Mine – 2 pts

 
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Question Help

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As the newly assigned environmental health and safety (EHS) manager, you have been asked to conduct several calculations that will assist the plant manager in making some safety-related decisions. You are to conduct the calculations and provide the results in a three-page project report using the  Unit II Consulting Report template .

Scenario #1: The plant manager is considering the installation of a second tank into an existing containment dike with a capacity of 175,000 gallons. (Note: 1 U.S. gallon = 0.1337 cubic feet). The existing tank in the containment measures 15 feet in diameter and 12 feet in height. The second tank being planned measures 20 feet in diameter and 40 feet in height. State law requires that the dike hold at least 125% of total container capacity. Therefore, you must total all containers in the containment.

Scenario #2: The plant manager has asked you to calculate the mean, mode and median of the following data set, which is the measured reach distances on the bag reclaiming area:

28, 23, 27, 29, 28, 26, 25, 30 and 24 (All measurements are in inches)

Scenario #3: The plant manager is preparing a presentation that includes the last three years of injuries which totaled 14. You have determined that in the past three years there 7 of the 14 were hand injuries. Previous projections had indicated that under normal conditions, only four hand injuries were expected and 12 other injuries were expected. The remaining injuries were due to other causes. Calculate the chi-square value and discuss whether there was a significant difference in observed data vs. the expected data. Also discuss how the process of hypothesis testing might prove helpful to the safety professional.

Where

o = 7 hand injuries and 7 other injuries

e = 4 expected hand injuries and 12 other injuries

 
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Given That The Current 2 Primary Sources Of Electricity Generation Are Coal And Nuclear Power Plants, Which Of These Sources Is Better For Human Sustainability?

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Name:

Date:

Instructor’s Name:

Assignment: SCIE211 Phase 4 Lab Report

Title: Analysis of Energy Sources

Instructions: You will write a 1-page lab report using the scientific method.

When your lab report is complete, post it in Submitted Assignment files.

Part I: Using the lab animation, fill in the data table below to gather your data, and use it to help you generate your hypothesis, outcomes, and analysis.

Energy Source Fuel (Coal)/Uranium Needed (tons) CO2 Emissions (tons) Sulfur Dioxide and Other Emissions (tons) Radioactivity mSv (millisievert) Solid Waste (tons) Accidents
Coal            
Nuclear            

Part II: Write a 1-page lab report using the following scientific method sections:

· Purpose

· State the purpose of the lab.

· Introduction

· This is an investigation of what is currently known about the question being asked. Use background information from credible references to write a short summary about concepts in the lab. List and cite references in APA style.

· Hypothesis/Predicted Outcome

· A hypothesis is an educated guess. Based on what you have learned and written about in the Introduction, state what you expect to be the results of the lab procedures.

· Methods

· Summarize the procedures that you used in the lab. The Methods section should also state clearly how data (numbers) were collected during the lab; this will be reported in the Results/Outcome section.

· Results/Outcome

· Provide here any results or data that were generated while doing the lab procedure.

· Discussion/Analysis

· In this section, state clearly whether you obtained the expected results, and if the outcome was as expected.

· Note: You can use the lab data to help you discuss the results and what you learned.

Provide references in APA format. This includes a reference list and in-text citations for references used in the Introduction section.

Give your paper a title and number, and identify each section as specified above. Although the hypothesis will be a 1-sentence answer, the other sections will need to be paragraphs to adequately explain your experiment.

When your lab report is complete, post it in Submitted Assignment files.

 
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3 Questions At 3hrs

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AIR POLLUTION CONTROL.

Module 4: Dispersion of Pollutants.

1. Is it justifiable to use a constant value for the effective plume rise for a given situation, or should one in reality, adjust for the distance downwind from the stack? Discuss.

 

 

2. Sulfur dioxide is being emitted in a rural area at a rate of 0.90 kg/s from a stack with an effective stack height of 220m. The average wind speed at stack height is 4.8 m/s and the stability category is B. Determine the short-time period, downwind, center-line concentration in micrograms per cubic meter at ground-level distances of 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 km.

 

3. What is the expected short-term period ground-level concentration at 150 and 250 m away from the downwind center line for the conditions given in Problem 3?

 
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Pollution Prevention

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Unit IV Scholarly Activity

Address all three of the following writing prompts. Your responses to your three chosen prompts should be at least 350 words each. No title page is needed, but be sure to indicate which writing prompts you are addressing at the top of each response. Each response needs its own reference page.

Writing Prompts (respond to all three):

1. Review the Reading Assignment titled as “Pollution Prevention Practices in Oregon’s Electronics Industry” by Harding and Jones. In your review, include:

 an overview of the article,

 benefits of using pollution prevention in the electronics industry,

 specific process modifications discussed in the article,

 chemical substitutions mentioned in the article,

 economics of making the suggested changes, and

 reasons companies might not embrace pollution prevention

2. Review the Reading Assignment titled as “Optimal Deployment of Emissions Reduction Technologies for Construction Equipment” by Barl, Zietsman, Quadrifoglio, and Farzaneh. In your review:

 Write an overview of the article.

 Describe hydrogen enrichment (HE), selective catalytic reduction (SCR), and fuel additive (FA) technologies.

 Describe the advantages and disadvantages of HE, SCR, and FA, including a discussion of costs.

 Does the computer model do a satisfactory job of determining the best technology? Explain.

 What would be your recommendations as far as which technology (HE, SCR, and/or FA) should be used, or should none be used?

3. Review the Reading Assignment titled as “Flue Gas Desulfurization: The State of the Art” by Srivastava and Jozewicz. In your review:

 Write an overview of the article.

 Describe flue gas desulfurization (FGD) at coal-fired power plants and why it is used.

 Explain the details of one once-through process and one regenerable process.

 Summarize the section titled “The MEL [magnesium enhanced slurry] Cost Model.”

 Discuss how the article is useful to a pollution prevention manager.

 Conduct an Internet search to explain the concept of Best Available Technology (BAT) and whether any of the FGD processes described in the article are considered BATs.

You are required to use at least your textbook as source material for all of your responses. All sources used, including the textbook, must be referenced; paraphrased and quoted material must have accompanying citations.

 
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Accident Investigation Unit V Assignment

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Unit V Assignment

Barrier Analysis Worksheet Project

Read the U.S. Chemical Safety Board investigation report of the 2007 propane explosion at the Little General Store in

Ghent, WV. The final report can be read/downloaded at the following link:

http://www.csb.gov/assets/1/19/CSBFinalReportLittleGeneral.pdf.

Additional information on the incident, including a video summary, can be found at the following link:

http://www.csb.gov/little-general-store-propane-explosion/

NOTE: This is the same investigation report used to create the events and causal factors (ECF) chart in Unit IV.

Complete the assignment as detailed below.

Part I: From the information in the report, create a three-column barrier analysis worksheet. Use the sample form on page

173 of the course textbook as a template, and follow the instructions below:

a. In the first column, list the barriers. Group the barriers by category (failed, not used, did not exist).

b. In the second column, describe the intended function of each barrier.

c. In the third column, evaluate the performance of the barrier.

Part II: On a separate page, discuss the potential causal factors that are revealed in the analysis. Are there additional

causal factors that were not identified in the ECF chart you created in the Unit IV assignment? This part of the assignment

should be a minimum of one page in length.

Upload Parts I and II as a single document. For Part II of the assignment, you should use academic sources to support

your thoughts. Any outside sources used, including the sources mentioned in the assignment, must be cited using APA

format and must be included on a references page.

 

 
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Genv 205 Week 1 Quiz (100% Answer)

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Multiple Choice 1
1) When we discuss “our environment,” we are referring to
(1pts)
all conditions in the world.
only interactions that affect human life.
only conditions that cause negative effects on our health.
primarily interactions that harm the atmosphere.
the sum of all the conditions surrounding us that influence life.
2) The Neuse River is considered a system because it involves
(1pts)
components that influence each other irreversibly.
specifically interacting biotic components that influence each other.
interacting abiotic components.
components that interact and influence one another through material or energy change.
components that influence one another only through the water.
3) An ecosystem is a location on Earth that includes
I. only biotic components.
II. only abiotic components.
III. interacting living and non-living components.
(1pts)
I only
II only
III only
I and II only
I, II, and III
4)The difference between an environmentalist and an environmental scientist is
(1pts)
negligible because both care about Earth.
that an environmentalist is involved in a social movement; whereas an environmental scientist is concerned with the methods of science.
that an environmental scientist has a background in biology and chemistry; whereas an environmentalist studies the humanities.
an environmentalist is generally a radical.
an environmentalist is involved in a social movement; whereas an environmental scientist is concerned with politics.
5) A good example of direct human manipulation of the natural environment is seen in
(1pts)
adding emissions to the atmosphere from driving cars.
converting land from forest to growing crops.
growing clover and wheat in a laboratory.
raising goldfish in a fish tank.
Both A and B
6) The extinction of mastodons and giant ground sloths in the Americas is attributed to
(1pts)
climatic change.
competition with dinosaurs.
a meteor impact in Central America.
overhunting by humans.
introduction of the American bison which acted as a competitor.
7) Which is a correct statement from the point of view of an environmental scientist?
(1pts)
Human manipulation of the environment is completely acceptable in any modern society.
Human manipulation of the environment is outpacing the rate at which natural systems can evolve.
Natural systems will evolve at an appropriate rate to compensate for human manipulation.
Natural systems will be undamaged by human interference because engineering discoveries will fix the problems.
Adaptation and relocation are acceptable and reliable solutions for organisms that are affected by climate change.
8) Environmental indicators
(1pts)
enable scientists to accurately predict the future of an environment.
describe what is causing a change in the environment.
do not always describe what is causing a change in the environment.
do not provide information that is considered valuable in creating public policy.
Both A and C
9) Living in an environmentally sustainable way necessitates
(1pts)
using Earth’s resources efficiently whenever convenient.
living without basic ecosystem services.
living in a tent.
living in a rural area.
sensitivity to the needs of future generations.
10)The population with the greatest ability to respond to environmental change most likely is the one with
(1pts)
high genetic diversity.
low genetic diversity.
one type of dominant organism.
two types of dominant organisms.
more animals than plants.
11)New innovations in food production are
(1pts)
sure to find new efficient ways to produce enough food to feed the world.
not keeping pace with food needs of the world.
not needed to keep pace with food needs of the world.
frequently the cause of soil degradation.
Both B and D
12) Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere are
(1pts)
concentrated near the equator.
completely the product of human activity.
responsible for constant temperatures near Earth’s surface.
causing a decrease in atmospheric temperature.
primarily the result of volcanic activity.
13) The concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
(1pts)
is increasing in part due to fossil fuel use.
has not significantly changed in the past 200 years.
is increasing in part due to deforestation.
has been decreasing since the 1800s.
Both A and C
14) Human population today is closest to
(1pts)
3 billion.
5 billion.
6 billion.
7 billion.
12 billion.
15) The following are non-renewable resources except
(1pts)
aluminum.
oil.
coal.
copper.
timber.
16) Economic development goes hand in hand with
(1pts)
decreased use of non-renewable resources.
increased consumption of resources.
smaller more efficient living styles.
better planting strategies for crops.
sustainable use of renewable resources.
17) The poorest ____ % of the world’s people consume no more than ____ % of the world’s energy, paper, fish and meat.
(1pts)
20; 20
20; 5
5; 20
5; 35
2; 45
18) The following are examples of sustainable practices.
I. Forests cut for timber are replanted.
II. Steel is recycled.
III. Plastic is disposed of in landfills because that it is less expensive than recycling.
(1pts)
I only
II only
I and III only
I and II only
I, II, and III
19) Sustainable development would incorporate
(1pts)
the development of alternative materials.
efficient use of energy.
replacement of nutrients in soil.
evaluation of residential patterns.
All of the above
20) The concept of ecological footprint is measured in terms of the amount of
(1pts)
resource an individual consumes daily.
land area.
resources an individual consumes over the course of a lifetime.
resources an entire nation consumes yearly.
resources an individual consumes yearly.
Passage 1-1 Questions
Passage 1-1
An experiment is set up to determine if wheat grows better when it is planted by itself or together with clover. The setup involves three pans of each treatment. Set-ups A, B, and C contain wheat alone. Set-ups D, E, and F contain clover and wheat planted together, in rows alternating one seed of each type. One hundred seeds are planted in each pan. All treatments contain the same type of soil, are planted in the same size of pan, are exposed to the same amount of sunlight, and are maintained at the same temperature throughout the course of the experiment.
21) Use Passage 1-1. The treatments planted with wheat alone are the
(1pts)
constant.
controls.
independent variable.
dependent variable.
replication.
22) Passage 1-1
An experiment is set up to determine if wheat grows better when it is planted by itself or together with clover. The setup involves three pans of each treatment. Set-ups A, B, and C contain wheat alone. Set-ups D, E, and F contain clover and wheat planted together, in rows alternating one seed of each type. One hundred seeds are planted in each pan. All treatments contain the same type of soil, are planted in the same size of pan, are exposed to the same amount of sunlight, and are maintained at the same temperature throughout the course of the experiment.

Use Passage 1-1. Which of the following statements provides a hypothesis for this experiment?
(1pts)
Wheat grows taller when planted by itself than when it is alternated with clover.
Clover grows better when planted by itself
Wheat grows better when planted together with clover.
Clover grows better when planted together with wheat.
Both A and C
23)
Passage 1-1
An experiment is set up to determine if wheat grows better when it is planted by itself or together with clover. The setup involves three pans of each treatment. Set-ups A, B, and C contain wheat alone. Set-ups D, E, and F contain clover and wheat planted together, in rows alternating one seed of each type. One hundred seeds are planted in each pan. All treatments contain the same type of soil, are planted in the same size of pan, are exposed to the same amount of sunlight, and are maintained at the same temperature throughout the course of the experiment.
Use Passage 1-1. Several setups of each treatment are prepared to fulfill a very important requirement of scientific experimentation, specifically the need for
(1pts)
replication.
constants.
a control.
an independent variable.
a dependent variable.
24)
Use Passage 1-1. Constants in this experiment are
(1pts)
the pan of wheat, temperature, and soil type.
temperature, number of seeds in each pan, and sunlight.
number of seeds in each pan, sunlight, and one pan of wheat and clover.
the pans of wheat alternated with clover.
the same as the independent variable.
25)
Use Passage 1-1. The dependent variable in this experiment could be the
(1pts)
height of the clover.
number of leaves on the clover.
height of the wheat.
presence of nodules on the roots of the clover.
number of clover seeds that germinate.
26) A hypothesis is different from a belief because it is
(1pts)
testable.
proven.
the same as a theory.
sensible.
false.
27) Inductive reasoning
(1pts)
is the process of making general statements from specific facts.
is the process of applying a general statement to specific facts.
doesn’t require facts.
is the same thing as a hypothesis.
is the same thing as observation.
28) Deductive reasoning
(1pts)
is the process of making general statements from specific facts.
is the process of applying a general statement to specific facts.
requires observation.
is the same thing as a hypothesis.
Both B and C
29) The study of environmental science differs from study of the natural sciences such as biology and chemistry because it
(1pts)
doesn’t encourage critical thinking.
isn’t included in most institutions of higher learning.
involves politics, law, and economics.
eliminates the consideration of physics.
doesn’t take into account the scientific process.
30) Environmental justice is
(1pts)
the body of law that deals with environmental issues.
the type of legal system that environmental lawyers use to defend nature.
a social movement that works toward equal enforcement of environmental laws in poor communities.
a type of legal punishment for polluters.
not needed because pollution is equitably distributed around the world.
31) Which of the following statements is/are correct?
(1pts)
If more efficient automobile are built, consumption of gasoline will decrease.
Even though more efficient cars are built, consumer behavior dictates the trend in consumption of gasoline.
Interactions between natural and human-dominated systems are fairly easy to predict.
Interactions between natural and human-dominated systems are complicated to predict.
Both B and D
32) The San Francisco Sustainability Plan, adopted in 1997,
(1pts)
applies environmental indicators to monitor and encourage sustainable development of the city.
will never be put into place.
relies on consumers to create a market for eco-friendly products.
ignores the need for public education.
ignores the principles of economics.
33) Which of the following are environmental indicators used to show that the San Francisco Sustainability Plan is successful?
(1pts)
Increase in the number of parks and in the number of department stores
Decrease in the amount of solid waste produced and increase in the size of houses
Improved air conditioning in private homes
Decrease of wastewater produced and increased biodiversity
All of the above

 

 
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Penn Foster 250295RR From The Cold War To The Edge Of History

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Penn Foster 250295RR From the Cold War to the Edge of History

1. The Truman Doctrine was characterized by the concept of

A. détente.
B. self-determination.
C. universal sovereignty.
D. containment.
2. Following the death of Mao Zedong, Deng Xiaoping initiated a campaign for “Four Modernizations.” These included all the following,except

A. industry.
B. universal health care.
C. agriculture.
D. science and technology.
3. In the 1980s, as colonies gained independence, instances of terrorism

A. increased dramatically.
B. increased slightly.
C. remained about the same.
D. decreased.
4. Analysis reveals that _______ is among those countries with the lowest per capita GDP.

A. Argentina
B. Mexico
C. Romania
D. India
5. In Japan, under the sweeping authority of General Douglas MacArthur, all of the following reforms were enacted, except

A. land reform assured MacArthur’s support from Japan’s peasants.
B. the emperor was to remain a symbolic head of state.
C. antitrust laws were abolished.
D. women were granted equality before the law.
6. In 1964, a loose union of Palestine refugees led to the formation of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) under Yasir Arafat. What was the aim of the PLO?

A. Driving Israel from East Jerusalem
B. Evicting Israel from Palestine
C. Establishing a Pan-Arab League
D. Establishing Palestinian self-rule in their original homeland

7. In 1963, the United States, Britain, and the Soviet Union signed an agreement

A. banning nuclear tests in the atmosphere.
B. to ban nuclear testing.
C. to reduce nuclear weapons stockpiles.
D. banning nuclear proliferation.

8. When the Big Three met at _______, Harry Truman demanded free elections in Eastern Europe. Stalin’s refusal was a factor in the emergent Cold War.

A. Berlin
B. Yalta
C. Potsdam
D. Tehran
9. In Latin America, economic nationalism has been most successful in

A. Brazil.
B. Nicaragua.
C. Argentina.
D. Chile.
10. Among the many Eastern European revolutions of 1989, the only violent, bloody revolution took place in

A. Hungary.
B. Poland.
C. Romania.
D. Czechoslovakia.
11. In deliberations leading up to the U.S.-led invasion of Iraq, which member of the UN Security Council promised to veto any resolution that authorized an invasion of Iraq?

A. France
B. Russia Federation
C. Great Britain
D. China
12. The main factor behind recent civil wars has been

A. ethnic rivalries.
B. famine.
C. neocolonialism.
D. economic nationalism.
13. As Western European recovery accelerated into the 1960s, guest workers were typically recruited from all of the following, except

A. Yugoslavia.
B. India.
C. North Africa.
D. southern Italy.
14. Racial tensions between Black Africans and White Colonists resulted in exploitation, resentment and protests in which African country?

A. Senegal
B. Nigeria
C. Mali
D. South Africa
15. Since the stunning 2002 electoral victory of the Justice and Development Party (AKP), the people of Turkey have been concerned that the AKP will

A. restore Ottoman-style authoritarianism.
B. attempt to spread Turkish culture across the Middle East.
C. embrace radical socialism.
D. challenge Turkey’s strict separation of church and state.
16. According to your textbook, which of the following has had the greatest impact on human communication?

A. Cell phones
B. Television
C. Radio
D. The Internet
17. Regarding multinational corporations in the era of globalization, which of the following statements is false?

A. They could invest large sums of money in research and development.
B. They used sophisticated promotion and advertising to sell their products around the world.
C. Their activities were sharply restrained by national governments.
D. They could sustain monopolies on their products and services.
18. With respect to social problems faced by women and children around the world, which of the following statements is false?

A. During the last few decades, instances of child sex-trafficking have declined.
B. Rape has long been used as a weapon of war.
C. In spite of access to birth control, birth rates remain high among poor women.
D. Worldwide women and girls have increasing access to education.
19. In French-speaking Africa, which state adopted radical Marxism?

A. Ghana
B. Senegal
C. Mali
D. Ivory Coast
20. Demographic factors that contributed to the rise of the counterculture included all of the following, except

A. mass communications and youth travel spread the counterculture over North America and Europe.
B. the postwar baby boom meant that young people made up a large portion of the population.
C. the use of LSD and other psychedelics led to widespread impulsive behavior.
D. postwar prosperity meant that young people had significant purchasing power.

 

 
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Final Paper Outline

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Final Paper Outline

 

During Week Three, you will complete an outline of the final assignment. Refer to the complete instructions for the Final Paper, which can be found below or in the Components of Course Evaluation section of this guide.

 

The outline should be written in complete sentences and detailed enough to meaningfully address all sections that will be covered in your Final Paper. In addition, include a minimum of four scholarly sources (i.e. academic journal articles). The sources should directly support the development of content in the paper. Be sure to write everything in your own words and do not rely on direct quotes to develop content or express your ideas.

 

Outline of the Final Paper – Ecosystems and Community Structure

 

  • Must be four to six double-spaced pages in length (not including title and references pages) and formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site..
  • Must include a separate title page with the following:
    • Title of paper
    • Student’s name
    • Course name and number
    • Instructor’s name
    • Date submitted
  • Include an introduction stating your selected aquatic or terrestrial ecosystem followed by an outline of topics that will be discussed.
  • Include an outline summarizing the main points discussed in the paper, with particular attention to ecosystem function and the future of your selected ecosystem.
  • Must reference at least four scholarly sources (i.e., academic journal articles) in addition to the course text.
  • Must document all sources in APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.
  • Must include a separate references page that is formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.

 

Final Paper – Ecosystem and Community Structure

 

The final paper will combine the ecological concepts from the course under one analysis: ecosystem and community ecology. The overall objective is to understand how the biotic and abiotic factors influence the physical and biological structure of ecosystems and the communities within them. This knowledge is fundamental for developing effective policy and managing wildlife and habitats.

 

To begin the assignment, select one of the following ecosystems. Then, address the questions below. Analyzing ecological communities can be accomplished by taking apart all of the physical and biological pieces that make up an ecological community, and then relating them back to one another in order to understand how they interact to form a functioning system. Conclude the paper with an assessment of human impacts on your selected ecosystem and how this will affect the ecology and future adaptation capabilities of the species in your community. Reference your textbook and a minimum of six scholarly sources (i.e., academic journal research articles) to provide examples and evidence that support your main points.

 

Before beginning the assignment, be sure to read Chapters 16 through 18 carefully, and to learn more about specific ecosystems, review Chapters 23 through 25 in the course text (Smith & Smith, 2015).

 

Step 1: Choose one ecosystem to analyze.

 

·     Coniferous temperate forest ·     Freshwater wetlands
·     Tropical rain forest ·     Salt marsh
·     Streams and rivers
·     Broadleaf forest
·     Mangrove forest
·     Temperate or tropical savanna ·     Lakes and ponds
·     Shrublands

 

Step 2: Address the following points in your paper.

 

  • Describe the physical structure of the selected ecosystem, and explain how structural factors come together to create the ecosystem. The physical structure refers to the abiotic (non-living) components—such as temperature, precipitation, bedrock, soil type, riverbed or ocean floor, boulders, and topography—that make up your ecosystem.
  • Describe the biological structure of your selected ecosystem. Explain how living forms come together to shape your ecosystem. The biological structure is how the ecosystem is shaped by plants and animals, and it includes forest levels and coral reef structure. It also includes the overall level of diversity, species composition, and dominant plant and animal species with details about niche, height, size, density, and/or function.
  • Analyze the function of the selected ecosystem by indicating how the physical and biological structures are related to the ecosystem’s productivity (i.e., the amount of biomass produced), complexity of food webs, nutrient availability, and nutrient cycling.
  • Explain the process of succession in your selected ecosystem.
  • Describe one mutualistic interaction in your selected ecosystem. Explain the role that each species has in the interaction and the resulting mutual benefits to each species population. In other words, what does each species give and what does each one get in return.
  • Describe one predator-prey (or plant-herbivore) interaction. Explain how this interaction impacts the ecological community as a whole. Predict what would happen to the predator and prey populations (or, herbivore and plant) if either species were removed from the community.
  • Evaluate the magnitude of human impact on your ecosystem. This includes how humans are affecting the physical and biological structures in your ecosystem. Predict whether the species and their interactions presented in your paper will be able to adapt to these changes. For example, what would happen to pollinators in a plant-pollinator mutualism if plants are destroyed due to urbanization?

 

The Final Paper – Ecosystem and Community Structure

 

  • Must be 8 to 12 double-spaced pages in length (not including title and references pages) and formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site..
  • Must include a separate title page with the following:
    • Title of paper
    • Student’s name
    • Course name and number
    • Instructor’s name
    • Date submitted
  • Include an introduction stating your selected aquatic or terrestrial ecosystem followed by an overview of topics that will be discussed.
  • Include a summary of the main points discussed in the paper, with particular attention to ecosystem function and the future of your selected ecosystem.
  • Must reference at least six scholarly sources (i.e., academic journal articles) in addition to the course text.
  • Must document all sources in APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.
  • Must include a separate references page that is formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.

ATTACHED IS THE GRADING RUBICS PLEASE REVIEW AND DOUBLE CHECK TO MAKE SURE ALL PARTS OF THE ASSIGNMENT IS MET. ATTACHED ARE THE CHAPTERS THAT WILL HELP WITH THE ASSIGNMENT. WHAT EVER TOPIC YOU CHOOSE WILL BE USED FOR THE FINAL PAPER. MUST HAVE FOUR (4) RESOURCES PLUS THE TEXT BOOK FOR A TOTAL OF FIVE (5) RESOURCES. AS SEEN ABOVE IS THE FINAL ASSIGNMENT ALONG WITH REQUIREMENTS FOR THE OUTLINE TO HELP GUIDE YOU. JUST NEED THE OUTLINE FOR THIS BUT BE PRRPARED FOR WHAT THE FINAL ASSIGNMENT WILL BE LOOKING FOR. MAKE SURE IT IS DONE ON TIME SO AS THERE WILL BE TIME IF A REVISION IS NEEDED.WHOM EVER DOES THIS WILL ALSO BE DOING THE FINAL PAPER.

 
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