BIO 1015 Week 4 Assignments Pathophysiology [ BIO/1015 Week 4 Assignments Pathophysiology ] ( BIO1015 Week 4 Assignments Pathophysiology )

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Question # 1

Alcohol Abuse

Mr. Wilko is a 40-year-old salesperson with a wife and three teenage children. He has recently begun to have a beer at lunch and a few drinks after work to reduce his work-related stress. An economic downturn in the housing industry has reduced the need for new home appliances and his income and sales record has been affected. Several other salespeople have been laid off at his firm. He has been told that if his sales and attendance records do not improve he will be fired. He and his wife are constantly arguing about finances and the children’s increasing demands for money. His drinking has increased to several beers at lunch and continued drinking after dinner. When he returns to work with alcohol on his breath, he is dismissed from his job. He continues to consume alcohol during the day as he attempts a job search. His wife is very concerned, as are his teenage children.

  • Mr. Wilko states he is a social drinker and “can stop at any time.” How accurate is his self-assessment?
  • What stressors are present in Mr. Wilko’s case?
  • Why does Mr. Wilko continue to increase his alcohol intake?
  • What changes in liver function can Mr. Wilko expect if he continues to drink large amounts of alcohol?
  • Mr. Wilko complains to his wife that all the stress is causing “indigestion.” How do stress and alcohol consumption affect GI function?
  • Why is Mr. Wilko at greater risk of trauma?

 

Question # 2

 

Gastrointestinal Disorders

A 50-year-old man has been suffering from substernal pain for the last 5 months, particularly on waking up in the morning. He lost his job a year ago and was suffering from depression. He consumes about 12–16 cans of beer every day. He has lost his appetite too and says that eating aggravates pain.

  • Is this acute or chronic gastritis?
  • What factors may lead to the development of gastritis?
  • What investigation should be performed?
  • How can the patient be treated?

Present your work in a two- to three-page Word document.

 

Submit a two- to three-page Word document with your diagnoses.

 
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Environmental

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Write a research paper about the demographic transion model and global food production and distributtion for a growing human population to meet global food security goals

 
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BIOMEDICAL ASSIGNMENT

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University of Strathclyde

Department of Biomedical Engineering

BE900 Tissue Mechanics Assessment #2

Unconfined Compression of biphasic and viscoelastic media

Body tissues are often modelled as being viscoelastic or biphasic. Since cellular activity depends on the mechanical environment, it is important to understand the mechanics of each type of material. You are required to submit a short report (no more than 1000 words and 8 figures) on the unconfined compression of biphasic and viscoelastic media. Using FEBio, please analyse the mechanics (stress, strain, fluid pressure etc.) of a 10 mm diameter and 3mm height cylindrical tissue in unconfined compression. You should compare two different materials:

1. Biphasic: The material should have an isotropic elastic solid phase, defined by E = 100 MPa, n=0.3, and a constant permeability of 1 x 10-15 m4/Ns. Take solid volume as 0.2.

2. Viscoelastic: The material should be based on isotropic elasticity, defined by E = 100 MPa, n=0.3. Coefficient 𝐺1 should be 0.5 and relaxation time 𝑡1 = 100. All other parameters should be left at their default values (G2-G6 = 0, t2-t6 = 1).

In class, it was shown that the relaxation modulus for a 3 parameter solid may be written as

𝑌 𝑡 = 𝐴’ + 𝐴)𝑒 + ,-.

This may be expressed as:

𝑌 𝑡 = 𝐴’ 1 + 𝐴) 𝐴’ 𝑒+

, -. = 𝐸 1 + 𝐺1𝑒+

, ,)

where 𝐴’ = 𝐸, 0. 01 = 𝐺1 and 𝜏) = 𝑡1. The value of 𝐺1 and 𝑡1 have been chosen to approximately make

the time history of the axial stress similar to that of the biphasic tissue. Please note they will not match perfectly.

Each cylinder of material should be subjected to axial unconfined compression to -0.1 strain at -0.01 s-1 by an impermeable, rigid platen. You are required to analyse, compare and contrast the mechanics of each material in the ramp phase and until equilibrium.

 

 

 

Your report should contain the following sections:

Introduction (5%): Provide a very brief introduction. The introduction should finish with precise aims and objectives of the activity.

Methods (20%): The methods section should fully describe your model. Include information regarding the mesh, materials, boundary and loading conditions along with anything else you think relevant.

Results (40%): Use appropriate figures to help you describe the mechanics of each material in unconfined compression. Every figure must be cited and described in the text, highlighting the important aspects of the figure.

Discussion (30%): Compare and contrast the materials and discuss the implications of this difference when describing the cellular stress environment.

Conclusion (5%): A short conclusion will suffice.

Hand in deadline: Noon, Monday 17 April

I will activate an online submission through the class page on MyPlace.

You should submit your report and two .feb files: one for the viscoelastic material and one for the poroelastic medium.

PLEASE NOTE:

• There is not one perfect model. Many models will achieve the aim, but some will be better than others.

• The more nodes and elements you have, the longer the solution time. The smaller the element size, the more accurate the solution. However, too many and you may be waiting hours/days for a solution. Think about how to use symmetry to reduce the problem’s geometry.

• You can use a bias in your mesh, if you wish, to concentrate nodes and elements in regions of steep gradients of fluid pressure.

Marks will be deducted if:

• Your report is late (see Penalties in the handbook) • Your report is < 750 words, or > 1250 words (0.1% per word) • You include more than 8 figures (5% per figure). Note, using a numbering system such as Figure

3a and Figure 3b will not enable to have more figures. This will still be counted as two figures. • You do not communicate in clear English. Technical clarity is of utmost importance.

You will receive a mark of zero if there is evidence of collusion or plagiarism for ALL those involved. I advise you NOT to share your electronic files with anyone. When you leave a computer, ensure you log out. You may chat and discuss the coursework, but the creation of the .feb files, along with the written report must be uniquely your own work.

 
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“Phytoplankton, Chemosynthesis, And Mitochondria”

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“Phytoplankton, Chemosynthesis, and Mitochondria”

For your primary post, please respond to one of the following three topics with a post of at least 125 words that addresses each point given in the instructions. Also, please reply to at least one fellow student on any topic.

Topic 1

: The phytoplankton that brought Earth to life. Review the video (1)* about the “phytoplankton that brought Earth to life” from the link given below. In this clip, which is under 5 minutes in length, Penny Chisholm discusses a tiny phytoplankton called Prochlorococcus. Based on that video, please address the following:

  • (a) What is the importance of Prochlorococcus for life on the planet Earth, both historically and in the present day?
  • (b) In the video, Dr. Chisholm tells us that Prochlorococcus samples from different environments are genetically different. What does this tell us about the relationships between organisms and their environments?
  • (c) Explain how this relates to this week’s lessons.

Topic 2 [article]: Snails that don’t eat. A recent article by JoAnna Klein (2)* describes a partnership between the snail Gigantopelta chessoia and a chemosynthetic bacterium. The bacterium is called an “endosymbiont” because it lives inside the snail.

  • (a)  Describe the partnership between Gigantopelta chessoia and its endosymbiont.
  • (b)  What is most surprising to you about this situation?
  • (c)  Explain how this relates to this week’s lessons.

Topic 3 [article]: Exercise and mitochondria. Exercise is generally known to have many beneficial effects on our bodies at several different levels. Some studies have examined the effects of exercise at the level of muscle cells. Read the press release by Cell Press (3)*.

  • (a)  What specifically did these researchers measure in their volunteers?
  • (b)   What were their findings?
  • (c)   Explain how this relates to this week’s lessons.

References (in Strayer Writing Standards format).

  1. PBS Newshour, March 5, 2014. The phytoplankton that brought Earth to life, https://youtu.be/m_43nR11PW8
  2. JoAnna Klein, July 11, 2018. This snail goes through metamorphosis. Then it never has to eat again. https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/11/science/snail-metamorphosis.html
  3. Cell Press, March 7, 2017. How exercise — interval training in particular — helps your mitochondria stave off old age. https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/03/170307155214.htm
 
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Biology Discussion Due 11/11/2018 @2pm

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“CRISPR, Human Gene Editing, and Esvelt’s Regret”

For your primary post, please respond to one of the following three topics with a post of at least 125 words that addresses each point given in the instructions. Also, please reply to at least one fellow student on any topic.

Topic 1

: Jennifer Doudna on CRISPR. View the NBC News story about CRISPR (1)*, including an interview with its co-discoverer, Jennifer Doudna. Then, address the following issues:

  • (a) What applications of CRISPR look particularly promising for improving human well-being?
  • (b)  What sort of ethical issues have arisen or are likely to arise with the deployment of CRISPR?

Topic 2 [Reading]: Societal Aspects of Human Gene Editing. Read the article by Neuhaus (2)* and/or the article by Ossola (3)*, then address the following:

  • (a) Where do you think our procedures, regulations, and laws ought to come down regarding human genome editing, with CRISPR (or any other tool)? Take a clear position on this.
  • (b) Explain your rationale.

Topic 3 [Reading]: Esvelt’s Regret. In the article by Zimmer (4)*, Kevin Esvelt says that he made a huge mistake by championing the application of a technology that he now says is far too dangerous to actually deploy. Based on the article, address the following:

  • (a) What is the technology that he championed? What does it consist of and why does he think it’s too risky to use outside the lab?
  • (b) In your opinion, what sorts of laws and regulations, if any, should society put into place to regulate the technology that Esvelt regrets championing?

*References (in Strayer Writing Standards format).

  1. NBC News, June 11, 2017. Life changer,https://www.nbcnews.com/dateline/video/life-changer-965215299885
  2. Carolyn P. Neuhaus, March 16, 2017. Genome editing: bioethics shows the way.http://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.2001934
  3. Alexandra Ossola, August 6, 2015. Should bioethicists “get out of the way” of CRISPR research?,https://www.popsci.com/should-bioethicists-get-out-way-crispr-research
  4. Carl Zimmer, November 16, 2017.  ‘Gene drives’ are too risky for field trials, scientists say,https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/16/science/gene-drives-crispr.html?_r=0
 
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Biology Lab

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  • Introduction

This lab focuses on the ability to classify plants based on specific characteristics.

Learning Objectives

Lab 1109

SLO – 5: Describe phylogenetic relationships and classification schemes.

SLO – 6: Identify the major phla of life with an emphasis on plants and animals, including the basis for classification, structural and physiological adaptations, evolutionary histry, and ecological significance.

Materials

  1. Fee for site visit
  2. Lab worksheet

Instructions

  1. Schedule a visit to a local arboretum, zoo or botanical garden to collect the information for the worksheet. The fees associated with visitation will be assumed by the student
  2. While visitng a local arboretum, zoo or botanical garden, complete the worksheet based on the plant species available.

Listed below are some interesting places in and around Houston to study plants.

Houston Arboretum: http://houstonarboretum.org/

Armand bayou Nature center: http://www.abnc.org/

Maas Nursery Kemah: https://maasnursery.com/

Houston Zoo: http://www.houstonzoo.org/

If you are not able to visit a nature center, arboretum or nursery to photograph and look at plants, you may use the following websites as alternatives.

https://plants.usda.gov/java/  or

http://www.wildflower.org/plants/

Choose one plant from each of the categories on the worksheet and answer the questions about that plant.  The categories are the headings – moss, fern, gymnosperm, angiosperm dicot, and angiosperm monocot.

Please use a contrasting color when you type your answers on the worksheet.

 
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Water Quality Essay

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Write a 750-1,000-word essay about water quality in your community   that addresses the following points:

  1. Obtain a water quality report from your local municipality     within the last two years and discuss what you found in the   report?
  2. Identify a water quality issue happening in your     community and where the pollution comes from? This includes point     sources (for example, water discharge from a factory; contamination     from a Superfund site), Non-point sources (for example, agricultural     runoff), and Natural sources.
  3. Describe how the pollution     source is impacting the environment and human health in your     community, and provide two examples of each.
  4. Identify three     management practices to minimize water pollution.

Remember to support your data and information with appropriate   citations. A minimum of five peer-reviewed references must be included.

 
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Pedigree Charts

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Hemophilia, disease in which the blood lacks a clotting factor, is caused by an X linked recessive gene. Joe doe not have hemophilia and Lucille is heterozygous for the condition.  What is the chance that their MALE child will have hemophilia? (Note: you are calculating the probability for their MALE children only, in other words if they have 1 male child, what is the probability that he will be born with the disease?)

-0%

-1/4 or 25%

-2/4 or 50%

-3/4 or 75%

-4/4 or 100%

 

In humans, having facial dimples is dominant to not having facial dimples. Mary has dimples, yet only 3 of her 10 children have dimples.  What must Mary’s genotype be?

-homozygous dominant

-heterozygous

-homozygous recessive

-has dimples

-does not have dimples

 

Red-green color blindness is an X-linked recessive disorder.  If Allison is heterozygous (a carrier), and her husband, Michael, is NOT colorblind. What is the chance that their male children will be colorblind? (Note: you are calculating the probability for their MALE children only, in other words if they have 1 male child, what is the probability that he will be born with the disease?)

-0%

-25% or 1/4

-50% or 2/4

-75% or 4/4

-100% or 4/4

 

Red-green color blindness is an X-linked recessive disorder. If Allison is heterozygous (a carrier), and her husband, Michael, is NOT colorblind. What is the chance that their female children will be colorblind? (Note: you are calculating the probability for their FEMALE children only, in other words if they have 1 female child, what is the probability that she will be born colorblind?)

-0%

-25% or 1/4

-50% or 2/4

-75% or 3/4

-100% or 4/4

 
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Written Assignment: Biology And Technology In The Real World

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Written Assignment: Biology and Technology in the Real World

1. Select one of the topics listed below (a-e).

2. Find at least three scholarly information sources related to the topic (i.e., primary scientific research articles, .gov, .edu, and/or some .org [stick with big organizations, such as the Mayo Clinic or WHO]; avoid .com websites). You can find assistance with searching for articles at the UMUC Library Subject Guides at http://libguides.umuc.edu/science.

3. Write a paper with title page, introduction, several paragraphs addressing the questions, conclusion and references. You must write in your own words and paraphrase information (and include proper APA in-text citations) from the selected information sources, addressing each of the questions for your chosen topic. Your paper should consist of less than 10% direct quotes. Your paper should be at least 1000 words, excluding references and title page. Use APA style for references: https://www.umuc.edu/library/libhow/apa_tutorial.cfm

4. Submit your assignment to TurnItIn and the Assignment folder by the due date listed in the course schedule.

a) Stem cells. Your friend has suffered a spinal cord injury after a bad car accident. The medical team has decided that he is a good candidate for a clinical trial using stem cell therapy. Your friend has not had a biology course since high school, so you decide to write him/her a letter sharing your knowledge of stem cells. Include in your letter a description of the biology of stem cells and how these cells are unique from other cells. Compare and contrast the different types of stem cells, including pros and cons for each type. Explain how stems cells can be used to treat diseases and injury, with special focus on spinal cord injuries. Include information regarding the use of stem cells for spinal cord injury from at least one research study or clinical trial. Conclude with your own thoughts/opinion.

b) Genetically modified organisms (GMOs). A friend tells you that she avoids foods containing GMOs because they are unhealthy. You decide to use the knowledge gained from your biology class and some additional research to form your own opinion on GMOs. Answer the following questions backed up by scholarly information sources (note: .com websites are generally NOT scholarly, and avoid biased organizations such as nongmoproject.org). What is the purpose of genetically engineering crop plants and domestic animals? How are GMOs created? Use the provided course materials and make a connection to the central dogma of molecular biology in your explanation. Which foods in your supermarket contain GMOs? Include at least 2 specific examples of commonly produced GMO foods (make sure to discuss the modification(s) each contains). Based on the available (scientific) research, are foods that contain GMOs safe for human consumption? What are the pros and cons of GMO foods? Who are the governing bodies and what types of regulations exist for these foods? Clearly explain your reasoning (backed up with scientific evidence) for each answer and keep it impartial. In your conclusion, state whether or not you agree with your friend.

c) Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) has been the most recent breakthrough discovery in bioengineering that enables scientists to edit DNA. Because you have studied biology in this course, you have volunteered at your niece’s Middle School Science Club to monitor a student debate about CRISPR. The students will be watching the following video before the discussion: https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=252&v=2pp17E4E-O8 and you need to be prepared in case there are any questions. Please research and write an answer to each of the following questions: What is “CRISPR”? What role does Cas9 play in the CRISPR process? How does the CRISPR-Cas9 system snip and replace any DNA sequence? What are the potential benefits and drawbacks of gene editing? Include specific examples. Do you believe that the inherent risks of modifying animal DNA are worth the rewards? Explain. Do you believe that it is ethical to genetically engineer humans and/or animals? Explain.

d) Vaccines. Your friend is worried about the many vaccines that his newborn son is scheduled to receive and asks you for advice since you are taking a biology course. Start with an explanation of how vaccines work. Next, discuss the traditional methods used to create vaccines compared to the more recently used biotechnology techniques (this is not a discussion of the types of vaccines, rather how were vaccines produced when they first came out and how are they produced now) and what are advantages and disadvantages of each. Then list some of the diseases that babies and children in the US are routinely vaccinated against and discuss how vaccinations have impacted the frequency of these diseases over the past 100 years. Why are some people worried about giving their children vaccines? Is there scientific evidence to support these concerns (please discuss at least one scientific study that supports or refutes the current claims)? Conclude with advice to your friend in regard to getting the recommended vaccines based on what you learned from reliable information sources.

e) Fracking (hydraulic fracturing) and tar sands (oil sands). With society’s dependence on nonrenewable fossil fuels, the oil & gas industry is turning to hydraulic fracturing and tar (oil) sands to extract natural gas and oil.  A friend asks you “What’s all this controversy in the news about fracking and tar sands?” Briefly explain to your friend how hydraulic fracturing and tar (oil) sands are used to obtain these fossil fuels. Then, in more detail, describe the environmental problems that may result from these processes and why they are controversial. Issues that should be addressed include water, air and soil pollution with special focus on global climate change, effects on human health, and effects on other species and natural ecosystems. Finally, give your opinions on possible solutions to these environmental problems, with your reasoning backed by information from reliable information sources.

Submission

Please note that you must submit the assignment to BOTH TurnItIn AND the assignment folder.

First submit to TurnItIn. After submitting to TurnItIn, it is recommended that you review the Originality Report. Your similarity score should be less than 25%. If the similarity score is too high, you can submit one revised assignment.

After submitting to TurnItIn and verifying a similarity score less than 25%, submit the paper to the assignment folder here in LEO.

 
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Make A Pamphlet/Biology Environmental Science

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Select a scenario from the list below:

  1. There is a species of fish (with low numbers) that is having trouble traveling up and down the river because of a dam.
  2. Choose an area that is economically depressed but has a lot of species diversity, you need to protect the species while providing jobs for locals.
  3. An animal is being poached for its horn which is believed in some cultures to cure many diseases, it is not critically endangered.
  4. The demand for farming is increasing, which is destroying native forests and affecting their biodiversity.
  5. An animal is starting to become isolated because it is afraid to cross roads created by deforestation.
  6. Local birds typically migrate over the winter, but people are feeding them and thermal pollution at a local stream is keeping the water warmer, so the birds are not migrating, resulting in water pollution.
  7. A drought has been going on for a period of time; the water needed for homes, businesses, and farms has decreased lake and river levels impacting the amount available for local flora and fauna.
  8. Species are being found dead on local beaches due to plastic.

Create a pamphlet addressing the following:

  1. What is the issue and why it would work
  2. Describe the restoration method you selected and why it would be best (with at least two examples of how it has worked in similar situations from peer reviewed sources)
  3. Time frame to complete the plan (include short and long term objectives)
  4. What is the end goal of the restoration project

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

 
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