Archive for year: 2023

Real Anatomy

Joints

 

1) Identify the type of joint highlighted in this image.

__________________

 

 

2) Identify the classification of the highlighted joint.

__________________; __________________

 

 

3) Identify the type of joint highlight in this image.

__________________

 

 

4) Identify the classification of the highlighted joint.

__________________

 

 

5) Identify the joint at the epiphyseal plate inside the highlighted area.

__________________; __________________

 

 

6) Identify the classification of the joint at the epiphyseal plate inside the highlighted area.

__________________

 

 

7) Identify the highlighted joints.

__________________

 

 

8) Identify the classification of the highlighted joint.

__________________

 

 

9) Identify the type of joint depicted by the head of the highlighted bone.

__________________

 

 

10) Identify the type of joint depicted by the highlighted area.

__________________

 

 

11) Identify the highlighted structure.

__________________

 

 

12) Identify the structural classification of the joint between the highlighted bone and the surrounding bones.

__________________

 

 

13) Identify the structural classification of the joint formed by the highlighted area.

__________________

 

 

14) Identify the structural classification of the joint formed by the highlighted area.

__________________

 

 

15) Identify the structural classification of the joint formed by the highlighted area.

__________________

 

 

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WEEK 8 EXPERIMENT ANSWER SHEET Please submit to the Week 8 Experiment dropbox no later than Sunday midnight.

SUMMARY OF ACTIVITIES FOR WEEK 8 EXPERIMENT ASSIGNMENT

· Experiment 8 Exercise 1 – Species Interactions: Competition

· Experiment 8 Exercise 2 – Biomes (Part I and II)

Experiment 8 Exercise 1: Species Interactions: Competition

In this exercise you will be evaluating the effect of competition on the population size of two species of microorganisms. Be sure you have read through the readings for Week 8 as well as the introductory information for the Week 8 Experiment.

You will use the following data to answer the questions.

Table 1.

	Grown Separately (cells per ml)	Grown Together (cells/ml)
Day	P. caudatum	P. aurelia	P. caudatum	P. aurelia
0	2	2	2	2
2	10	8	10	6
4	28	50	20	66
6	50	86	20	80
8	60	96	16	80
10	58	100	6	88
12	58	96	4	94
14	58	96	0	96
16	58	98	0	96

A. Now it is time to analyze your data.

a. You will need to generate two graphs, one which depicts the number of both species per day of culture when grown separately and one that depicts the number of both species per day of culture when grown together.

b. You must use the Scatter type graph in Excel and each graph should have two lines (one for each species).

c. Be sure you label your axes and your series; meaning you will need to indicate which line pertains to P. caudatum and which to P. aurelia.

Paste your two graphs below (4 pts):

Questions

1. What were the dependent and independent variables for the experiment? (2 pts)

2. What were the carrying capacities (maximum population size) for the two species when grown separately and on what day were they reached (2 pts)?

3. Describe what happened when the two species were grown together and explain why. Be sure to discuss the magnitude and timing of each species’ carrying capacity compared to when they were grown separately (4 pts).

4. Do these results support the principle of competitive exclusion; why or why not? Be sure to cite your sources. (4 pts).

5. Think about what would if additional food was placed in the test tube containing both the species. How might this change the results? (2 pts)

Experiment 8 Exercise 2: Biomes

In these two relatively short exercises, we will be examining the biotic and abiotic factors that define a biome. You should have completed the readings for this week before beginning.

Procedure – Part I: The Great Graph Match

A. Open the following website:

NASA. No date. The Great Graph Match http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Experiments/Biome/graphmatch_advanced.php

B. In the Great Graph Match, you will need to match abiotic information (annual rainfall and temperatures) to the appropriate biome. Follow the instructions on the page and fill-in the Table below. For the Explanation column, you need to briefly explain why you chose the biome you did based on the data presented.

C. Be sure to provide complete citations for the sources used.

Table 2. Locations, biomes and explanations (4 pts).

Location	Biome	Explanation
Frogmore, England
Goteborg, Sweden
Koombooloomba, Australia
Barrow, Alaska
Alice Springs, Australia
San Bernadino, California
Centralia, Kansas

Citations:

Procedure – Part II: To Plant or Not to Plant

A. Open the following website:

NASA. No date. To Plant or Not to Plant https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/biome/plantindex.php

B. In the To Plant or not to Plant, you will need to determine which in which biomes to plant various plants, based on the information presented. Follow the instructions on the page and fill-in the Table below. For the Explanation column, you need to briefly explain why you chose the biome you did.

C. Be sure to provide complete citations for the sources used.

Table 3. Plants, biomes and explanations (4 pts).

Plant	Biome	Explanation
Creosote bush
Spruce
Flowering dogwood
Orchid
Lichen
Bluestem grasses
White sage
Saguaro cactus

Citations:

 

Week 8 Experiment Grading Rubric

Component	Expectation	Points
Experiment 8 Exercise 1	Correctly generates two graphs.	4 pts
Experiment 8 Exercise 1	Demonstrates an understanding competition between species and the effect it has on population growth (Questions 1-5).	14 pts
Experiment 8 Exercise 2	Develops an appreciation of the diversity of ecosystems around the globe and understands the environmental conditions that lead to their development (Tables 2 and 3).	8 pts
TOTAL		26 pts

 

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1. Blood transfusions are sometimes required in healthcare. Based on what you know about blood anatomy discuss why a patient would need a transfusion of PRBC (packed red blood cells), plasma, or platelets. A patient with anemia has a pulse oximetry reading in the high 80’s, would this be an expected finding, explain?
2. Mike, 29 years old, was admitted to a community hospital three days ago with weakness and hypotension after sustaining a spider bite while hiking in the woods. Mike has a large hematoma on his left arm where he was bite. He has no prior medical history, no drug allergies, and does not take medication. Mike started to experience moderate respiratory distress, and started oozing blood from his IV sites, nose, and catheter. He is mildly jaundice and his skin is cool. His vital signs include a heart rate of 110 beats per minute and regular blood pressure of 92/44, slightly labored respiratory rate of 22 breaths per minute, and a pulse oximetry reading of 91 percent. What would your initial diagnosis be, explain? What diagnostic test would you order and why? What would you expect the diagnostic test to show? What is the treatment option for the diagnosis?
3. During natural disasters like hurricanes, when the community is living in shelters, why would there be a concern about a tuberculosis outbreak? What circumstances have led to the spread of drug-resistant tuberculosis? Mary, a nurse, skin test was positive for tuberculosis. Does this mean she has tuberculosis? Explain.
4. Each year many people go to their family physician with a common cold, but think they have the influenza. Based on symptoms how can you tell if you have a common cold or influenza? What are the causes and treatments for Pneumonia? What is the best way to prevent influenza and pneumonia?

 

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Assignment 1

Select a journal article on the subject of supplements and write a summary paper reviewing the article. You are encouraged, but not required, to use Senchina’s 2013 article “Athletics and Herbal Supplements,” linked in the Resources, under the Library Resources heading, for this article review. Note: If you choose to review an article other than the “Athletics and Herbal Supplements” reading, you may need to do further research in order to fully address all of the topics required for this paper.

Address all of the following points in your article review:

· What are the main points presented in the article? What message is the author trying to convey? What are the specific areas of research and findings that the article highlights?

· How could the supplements discussed in the article affect cells and body systems?

· How are supplements used in different areas of athletics? Why are supplements currently unregulated? Based on your readings, do you think supplements should undergo more stringent testing? If so, how would this be monitored and paid for? Where in your life (or in the life of a friend or family member) is it important that supplements are tested? Note: Your answer to this question does not need to apply only to athletics.

· Crosscheck the information in your article with other sources. What do other sources say about the same concepts presented in the article? Are there discrepancies between the information from the article and from other sources?

· Complete an evaluation of your article, using either the Source Evaluation Form: Web Sites or the Source Evaluation Form: Journals and Books, both of which are linked in the Resources under the Resources heading. Download the appropriate form and answer the questions.

· In an additional paragraph or two, answer the following questions:

· Would you consider this article to be a credible source of information on this topic? Why or why not?

Formatting Requirements

· Written communication: Written communication should be free of errors that detract from the overall message.

· APA formatting: References and citations should be formatted according to APA (6th edition) style and formatting.

· Font and font size: Times New Roman, 12-point.

· Length: Your paper should be between 500 and 700 words in length.

· Format: Either submit both the Article Review paper and the completed Source Evaluation Form, or write a paragraph into your paper addressing the questions from the form.

 

 

 

 

Assignment 2

Fundamentally, cancer is a failure of the immune system. Cancer kills because it spreads and disturbs homeostasis. For this assessment, select, research, and then describe a specific type of cancer occurring in either the digestive system or endocrine system. Note: If you choose the digestive system, you may discuss a cancer of the primary digestive system or that of an accessory organ. To select the specific type of cancer you wish to research for this assessment, you are encouraged to refer to the materials linked in the Resources.

In order to complete this assessment, you will need to find high-quality, appropriate, and credible research resources on a specific type of cancer. If you conduct Internet research outside the library, your resources must be reliable. The “Top 100 List: Health Websites You Can Trust” article, linked in the Resources under the Internet Resources heading, will be of particular help in selecting appropriate sources.

Assessment points will be deducted for citing unreliable sources such as Wikipedia, or other sites based on user-generated content. These sites are not peer-reviewed, and, in the case of Wikipedia, anyone can add an entry or change an entry. Hence, these types of sources should not be cited in college-level research papers. However, you may find Wikipedia useful as a starting point for your Internet research, as Wikipedia entries may provide links to other resources that are reputable and reliable.

Based on your research, write a paper that addresses all of the following:

· Identify the type of cancer of the endocrine or digestive system that you have researched. Which cancer did you choose, and what part of the body does that cancer affect?

· What are the biological changes that occur at the level of the cell that result in this type of cancer? What are the biological changes that occur at the level of the major organ as this cancer progresses?

· What characteristics of cancer cells distinguish them from normal cells?

· Consider how the disease affects the body as it progresses or spreads. What are some specific aspects of homeostasis that the spreading disease could affect? What self-regulating systems are upset because of this disease?

· Which therapies are available for treatment for this specific type of cancer? How do these therapies work biologically to treat this type of cancer?

· What are some lifestyle choices that might aid in prevention or treatment of this type of cancer? How do you incorporate these lifestyle choices in your daily life?

· How are the biological changes of this cancer, at the level of the cell and organ, similar to and different from changes in other types of cancer?

Formatting Requirements

· Written communication: Written communication should be free of errors that detract from the overall message.

· APA formatting: References and citations should be formatted according to APA (6th edition) style and formatting.

· Font and font size: Times New Roman, 12-point.

Assignment 3

Search the Internet for an article from a reputable source about a specific genetically modified organism, such as one of the following (you are welcome to choose topics outside of this list):

·

· Corn.

· Potato.

· Soy.

· Dairy.

· Cotton.

· Canola oil.

· Papaya.

· Sugar.

· Animal feed.

· Salmon.

· Golden rice.

· Squash.

· Sugar beets.

· Potato.

· Insulin.

· Vaccines.

· Growth hormones.

· Follicle stimulating hormone.

· Erythropoietin.

 

Read the article and write a summary of its contents. Address all of the following in your summary:

· What article did you read? Why did you choose this article?

· What are the main points presented in the article? What message is the author trying to communicate?

· What is gene of interest (being modified) and what is the purpose of this gene? Which organism is the gene inserted into, and what is the intended result of expressing this gene?

· How are microorganisms that normally affect the immune system, such as bacteria or viruses, used beneficially as tools in biotechnology?

· What are the pros and cons of this technology?

· What do other sources of information say about the same concepts presented in the article? Are there discrepancies between the information in the article and that from other sources?

· Where in your life (or in the life of a friend or family member) might the application of this form of biotechnology apply?

Your article should be from a reputable source and should meet all of the checklist items in the Source Evaluation Form. Complete an evaluation of your article, Download the form and answer the questions.

Formatting Requirements

· Written communication: Written communication should be free of errors that detract from the overall message.

· APA formatting: References and citations should be formatted according to APA (6th edition) style and formatting.

· Font and font size: Times New Roman, 12-point.

· Format: Either submit both the bioengineering paper and the completed Source Evaluation Form, or write a paragraph in your paper addressing the questions from the form.

 

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Exam

 

1. What do pollen, dust mites, certain foods and drugs, insect venom, fungal spores, and some ingredients in cosmetics have in common?

 

(1pts)

 

[removed]

 

they often contain dangerous bacteria

 

[removed]

 

they often act as allergens

 

[removed]

 

they all contain lipids

 

[removed]

 

they are all made of protein

 

2) Which antibodies are secreted when an allergic person is exposed to an allergen?

 

(1pts)

 

[removed]

 

IgD

 

[removed]

 

IgM

 

[removed]

 

IgE

 

[removed]

 

IgA

 

3) A serious and sometimes fatal allergic reaction is

 

(1pts)

 

[removed]

 

septic shock.

 

[removed]

 

anaphylactic shock.

 

[removed]

 

compensated shock.

 

[removed]

 

toxic shock.

 

4) When the body’s defenses turn against its own cells, the disorder is called

 

(1pts)

 

[removed]

 

an autoimmune response.

 

[removed]

 

acquired immune deficiency syndrome.

 

[removed]

 

anaphylactic shock.

 

[removed]

 

passive immunity.

 

5) The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) primarily destroys which cells?

 

(1pts)

 

[removed]

 

T1

 

[removed]

 

B

 

[removed]

 

helper T and macrophages

 

[removed]

 

neutrophils

 

6) The method of contracting an illness after touching a contaminated doorknob, diaper or handkerchief is

 

(1pts)

 

[removed]

 

inhalation contact.

 

[removed]

 

direct contact.

 

[removed]

 

indirect contact.

 

[removed]

 

contact with a vector.

 

7) Becoming infected by a pathogen following the bite of a mosquito is considered

 

(1pts)

 

[removed]

 

indirect contact.

 

[removed]

 

inhalation contact.

 

[removed]

 

direct contact.

 

[removed]

 

contact with a vector.

 

8) The likelihood that a pathogen will make its host seriously ill is

 

(1pts)

 

[removed]

 

pathogenicity.

 

[removed]

 

invasiveness.

 

[removed]

 

virulence.

 

[removed]

 

opulence.

 

9) The enzyme used by HIV that allows it to make DNA from RNA is

 

(1pts)

 

[removed]

 

DNA ligase.

 

[removed]

 

restriction endonuclease.

 

[removed]

 

helicase.

 

[removed]

 

reverse transcriptase.

 

10) Endocarditis

 

(1pts)

 

[removed]

 

refers to ‘inside the heart’.

 

[removed]

 

refers to an irregular heart rhythm.

 

[removed]

 

is only found in elderly patients.

 

[removed]

 

is more problematic for women.

 

11) Infants born with a hole in some part of the hear wall are often referred to as

 

(1pts)

 

[removed]

 

red babies.

 

[removed]

 

blue babies.

 

[removed]

 

purple babies.

 

[removed]

 

green babies.

 

12) Pneumonia may be caused by all of the following EXCEPT

 

(1pts)

 

[removed]

 

bacteria.

 

[removed]

 

anemia.

 

[removed]

 

fungi.

 

[removed]

 

viruses

 

13) The most aggressive form of lung cancer is

 

(1pts)

 

[removed]

 

squamous cell carcinoma.

 

[removed]

 

large-cell carcinoma.

 

[removed]

 

small-cell carcinoma.

 

[removed]

 

adenocarcinoma.

 

14) SARS is a form of

 

(1pts)

 

[removed]

 

asthma.

 

[removed]

 

influenza.

 

[removed]

 

histoplasmosis.

 

[removed]

 

lung cancer.

 

15) A dangerous form of diarrhea complicated by anemia may be caused by

 

(1pts)

 

[removed]

 

Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

 

[removed]

 

Clostridium botulinum.

 

[removed]

 

Staphylococcus aureus.

 

[removed]

 

Escherichia coli.

 

16) Infections, stress or factors that speed up peristalsis may cause

 

(1pts)

 

[removed]

 

diarrhea.

 

[removed]

 

impaction.

 

[removed]

 

constipation.

 

[removed]

 

Crohn’s disease.

 

17) One of the most common of all childhood cancers is

 

(1pts)

 

[removed]

 

bronchogenic carcinoma.

 

[removed]

 

Wilms tumor.

 

[removed]

 

glioblastoma.

 

[removed]

 

osteogenic sarcoma.

 

18) Nephritis may lead to cessation of blood filtering by the glomerulus because the kidney is

 

(1pts)

 

[removed]

 

surrounded by a tough renal capsule.

 

[removed]

 

located behind the intestines.

 

[removed]

 

a paired structure.

 

[removed]

 

directly connected to the inferior vena cava

 

19) Bladder infections that travel up to the kidney are called

 

(1pts)

 

[removed]

 

pyelonephritis.

 

[removed]

 

nephritis.

 

[removed]

 

pyelitis.

 

[removed]

 

glomerulonephritis.

 

20) One of the most common sexually transmitted diseases is

 

(1pts)

 

[removed]

 

HIV

 

[removed]

 

chlamydia.

 

[removed]

 

syphilis.

 

[removed]

 

gonorrhea.

 

21) Why is Chlamydia trachomatis considered a “stealth” STD?

 

(1pts)

 

[removed]

 

infections with it tend to sneak up on people.

 

[removed]

 

a large percentage of people who have it have no symptoms and may pass it on easily.

 

[removed]

 

when people have it, it is difficult to detect with modern techniques.

 

[removed]

 

it may be transmitted in many different ways making it difficult to figure out how a person got it.

 

22) Other than being STDs, what do chlamydia and gonorrhea have in common?

 

(1pts)

 

[removed]

 

their symptoms are identical.

 

[removed]

 

they are caused by the same bacteria.

 

[removed]

 

they both may cause PID.

 

[removed]

 

they are both treated with the same antibiotics.

 

23) The area(s) of the body most susceptible to herpes simplex virus is (are)

 

(1pts)

 

[removed]

 

mucous membranes of the mouth.

 

[removed]

 

mucous membranes of the genitals.

 

[removed]

 

broken skin.

 

[removed]

 

all of these.

 

24) Genital warts are caused by

 

(1pts)

 

[removed]

 

HPV.

 

[removed]

 

Herpes virus.

 

[removed]

 

gonococcus.

 

[removed]

 

chlamydia.

 

25) HPV has been linked to

 

(1pts)

 

[removed]

 

gonorrhea.

 

[removed]

 

cervical cancer.

 

[removed]

 

syphilis.

 

[removed]

 

genital herpes.

 

26) Which of the following diseases, not usually classified as an STD, may be spread by sexual contact?

 

(1pts)

 

[removed]

 

hepatitis A

 

[removed]

 

hepatitis B

 

[removed]

 

lung cancer

 

[removed]

 

breast cancer

 

27) Which is a normal fungal inhabitant of the vagina that can overgrow under certain circumstances causing a “cottage cheesy” discharge, itching, and irritation?

 

(1pts)

 

[removed]

 

Trichomonas vaginalis

 

[removed]

 

lactobacillus

 

[removed]

 

Escherichia coli

 

[removed]

 

Candida albicans

 

28) The treatment for trichomoniasis is

 

(1pts)

 

[removed]

 

anti-fungals.

 

[removed]

 

antibiotics.

 

[removed]

 

gentian violet.

 

[removed]

 

iodine.

 

29) The treatment for a case of hepatitis B is

 

(1pts)

 

[removed]

 

anti-fungal drugs

 

[removed]

 

penicillin

 

[removed]

 

rest

 

[removed]

 

a high protein diet

 

30) In relation to genital herpes, antiviral drugs

 

(1pts)

 

[removed]

 

cure the disease.

 

[removed]

 

reduce the symptoms during recurrences.

 

[removed]

 

all are true except “cure the disease”.

 

[removed]

 

reduce the frequency of recurrences.

 

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