Chapter 01: Cellular Biology MCQ

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11.   Which phase of catabolism produces the most ATP?

a. Digestion
b. Glycolysis
c. Oxidation
d. Citric acid cycle

 

 

12.   A nurse is teaching the staff about the three phases of cellular catabolism. Which of the following should the nurse include?

a. Digestion, glycolysis and oxidation, and the citric acid cycle
b. Diffusion, osmosis, and mediated transport
c. S phase, G phase, and M phase
d. Metabolic absorption, respiration, and excretion

 

 

13.   A runner has depleted all the oxygen available for muscle energy. Which of the following will facilitate his continued muscle performance?

a. Electron-transport chain
b. Aerobic glycolysis
c. Anaerobic glycolysis
d. Oxidative phosphorylation

 

 

14.   The faculty member asked the student to identify the appropriate term for the movement of small, electrically uncharged molecules through a semipermeable barrier. Which answer indicates the nursing student understood the teaching?

a. Osmosis
b. Diffusion
c. Hydrostatic pressure
d. Active transport

 

 

15.   A nurse is teaching a patient about fluid and electrolytes. Which of the following indicates the teaching was successful regarding electrolytes? Electrolytes are:

a. Small lipid-soluble molecules
b. Large protein molecules
c. Micronutrients used to produce ATP
d. Electrically charged molecules

 

 

16.   A nurse is reading a chart and sees the term oncotic pressure. The nurse recalls that oncotic pressure (colloid osmotic pressure) is determined by:

a. Concentration of sodium
b. Plasma proteins
c. Hydrostatic pressure
d. Availability of membrane transporter proteins

 

 

17.   A patient has a body fluid of 300 mOsm/kg. This lab result is measuring:

a. Osmolality
b. Osmolarity
c. Osmotic pressure
d. Oncotic pressure

 

 

18.   In teaching a patient with cirrhosis, which information should the nurse include regarding cholesterol?

a. Cholesterol decreases the membrane fluidity of the erythrocyte, which reduces its ability to carry oxygen.
b. Cholesterol decreases the membrane fluidity of erythrocytes, which reduces its ability to carry hemoglobin.
c. Cholesterol increases the membrane fluidity of erythrocytes, which allows binding of excess glucose.
d. Cholesterol increases the membrane fluidity of erythrocytes, which prolongs its life span beyond 120 days.

 

 

19.   A nurse is discussing the movement of fluid across the arterial end of capillary membranes into the interstitial fluid surrounding the capillary. Which process of fluid movement is the nurse describing?

a. Hydrostatic pressure
b. Osmosis
c. Diffusion
d. Active transport

 

 

20.   A patient who has diarrhea receives a hypertonic saline solution intravenously to replace the sodium and chloride lost in the stool. What effect will this fluid replacement have on cells?

a. Cells will become hydrated.
b. Cells will swell or burst.
c. Cells will shrink.
d. Cells will divide.

 

 

21.   A nurse is teaching a patient with diabetes how glucose is transported from the blood to the cell. What type of transport system should the nurse discuss with the patient?

a. Active-mediated transport (active transport)
b. Active diffusion
c. Passive osmosis
d. Passive-mediated transport (facilitated diffusion)

 

 

22.   How are potassium and sodium transported across plasma membranes?

a. By passive electrolyte channels
b. By coupled channels
c. By adenosine triphosphate enzyme (ATPase)
d. By diffusion

 

 

23.   Why is potassium able to diffuse easily in and out of cells?

a. Because potassium has a greater concentration in the intracellular fluid (ICF)
b. Because sodium has a greater concentration in the extracellular fluid (ECF)
c. Because the resting plasma membrane is more permeable to potassium
d. Because there is an excess of anions inside the cell

 

 

24.   The ion transporter that moves Na+ and Ca2+ simultaneously in the same direction is an example of which of the following types of transport?

a. Biport
b. Uniport
c. Antiport
d. Symport

 

 

25.   During which process can lysosomal enzymes be released to degrade engulfed particles?

a. Endocytosis
b. Pinocytosis
c. Phagocytosis
d. Exocytosis

 

 

26.   A nurse is teaching the staff about cholesterol. Which information should be taught? The cellular uptake of cholesterol depends on:

a. Active-mediated transport
b. The antiport system
c. Receptor-mediated endocytosis
d. Passive transport

 

 

27.   Some cancer drugs work during the cell cycle phase where nuclear and cytoplasmic division occurs. What is this cell cycle phase called?

a. G1
b. S
c. M
d. G2

 

 

28.   What causes the rapid change in the resting membrane potential that initiates an action potential?

a. Potassium gates open, and potassium rushes into the cell, changing the membrane potential from negative to positive.
b. Sodium gates open, and sodium rushes into the cell, changing the membrane potential from negative to positive.
c. Sodium gates close, allowing potassium into the cell to change the membrane potential from positive to negative.
d. Potassium gates close, allowing sodium into the cell to change the membrane potential from positive to negative.

 

 

29.   A cell is isolated, and electrophysiology studies reveal that the resting membrane potential is –70 millivolts. The predominant intracellular ion is Na+, and the predominant extracellular ion is K+. With voltage change, which of the following would result in an action potential?

a. K+ rushing into the cell
b. Na+ rushing into the cell
c. Na+ rushing out of the cell
d. K+ rushing out of the cell

 

 

30.   A nurse is teaching the staff about platelet-derived growth factor. Which information should the nurse include? Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) stimulates the production of:

a. Platelets
b. Epidermal cells
c. Connective tissue cells
d. Fibroblast cells

 

 

31.   The phase of the cell cycle during which the centromeres split and the sister chromatids are pulled apart is referred to as:

a. Anaphase
b. Telophase
c. Prophase
d. Metaphase

 

 

32.   What is the role of cytokines in cell reproduction?

a. Provide growth factor for tissue growth and development
b. Block progress of cell reproduction through the cell cycle
c. Restrain cell growth and development
d. Provide nutrients for cell growth and development

 

 

33.   A biopsy of the lung bronchi revealed ciliated epithelial cells that are capable of secretion and absorption. These cells are called _____ columnar epithelium.

a. Simple
b. Ciliated simple
c. Stratified
d. Pseudostratified ciliated

 

 

34.   The nurse would be correct in identifying the predominant extracellular cation as:

a. Sodium
b. Potassium
c. Chloride
d. Glucose

 

 

35.   The student is reviewing functions of the cell. The student would be correct in identifying the primary function of the nerve cell as:

a. Sensory interpretation
b. Conductivity
c. Maintenance of homeostasis
d. Communication

 

 

36.   The student is studying for a pathophysiology exam and is trying to remember the definition of amphipathic. The student should choose which of the following to be correct?

a. All cells have a membrane that is composed of lipids.
b. Cells have organelles that have specialized function.
c. Molecules are polar with one part loving water and one part hating water.
d. Cells have receptor sites that other substances attach to and create additional functions.

 

 

MULTIPLE RESPONSE

 

1.   A nurse recalls that the four basic types of tissues are (select all that apply):

a. Nerve
b. Epithelial
c. Mucosal
d. Connective
e. Skeletal
f. Muscle

 

 

2.   Characteristics of prokaryotes include which of the following? (Select all that apply.)

a. They contain no organelles.
b. Their nuclear material is not encased by a nuclear membrane.
c. They contain a distinct nucleus.
d. They contain histones.
e. They contain a cellular membrane.
 
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Lab

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Lab 5: Diffusion, Osmosis and Enzymes

Objective: The objective of this lab is to introduce you to the concepts of diffusion, osmosis and enzyme activity.

Reading Assignment: Read 4.9 and 5.4; Diffusion and Osmosis and How Enzymes Work from the textbook Essentials of the Living World.

 

For this lab you will need to supply the following materials:

Camera or cell phone (you will upload pictures of your experiment)

Kitchen scale (food scale, it can weigh in either ounces or grams)

Microwave

Liquid measuring cup

Teaspoon

Tablespoon (3 Tsp = 1 Tbs)

Several Drinking cups (1 needs to hold at least 2 cups of liquid)

1 Potato

Knife

Blender or Potato masher

Zip lock sandwich bag (not a freezer bag)

Pancake syrup

Salt

Sugar

Vinegar

Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2)

 

Solutions to prepare

Sucrose solution – add one tablespoon of sugar to 1 cup of water

 

Exercise 1 – Diffusion

· In this exercise you will observe the diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane (a plastic bag)

Step 1. Place ¼ of a cup of pancake syrup into a plastic zip lock bag and seal the bag.

Step 2. Weigh the bag using a small kitchen scale and record the weight on your worksheet.

Step 3. Fill larger cup (2 cup measuring or equivalent) with 1 cup of water. Record the time.

Step 4. Place the syrup bag in the larger cup and leave overnight (12+ hours).

Step 5. Remove the bag, dry it off and weigh it using a small kitchen scale. Record weight on your worksheet and the time you ended the experiment. (Hint: The bag should gain weight. If it loses weight you may have had a puncture. You must redo this exercise).

Step 6. Take a picture of the completed exercise and upload to the worksheet. Make sure it includes the date, your name and a photo ID.

Exercise 2 – Osmosis

· In this exercise you will determine the result of putting cells into solutions of various tonicity.

Step 1. Cut (2) potato slices: 3 inches long, 1 inch wide, 0.5 inches thick.

Step 2. Prepare two coffee cups with the following solutions:

Cup 1 = add one cup of water

Cup 2 = add one cup of water and 1 teaspoon of salt

Step 3. Add one potato slice to each cup and let stand for 1 hour.

Step 4. Remove potato slices and determine if the slice is crisp or limp. Record your observations of the slices on the data sheet.

Step 5. Take a picture of the completed exercise and upload to the worksheet. Make sure it includes the date, your name, and a photo ID.

Exercise 3 – Enzyme Activity

· In this exercise you will observe factors that affect the enzyme activity of catalase. Catalase is found in potato cells.

H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide) 2 H2O + O2 (oxygen gas) when catalase is present.

Step 1. Place the remaining amount of potato in a blender with two tablespoons of water. Blend to a paste. If you don’t have a blender use a potato masher to make the paste.

Experiment 3-1

Step 2. Transfer one tablespoon of the paste to a small cup and add 1 tablespoon of hydrogen peroxide.

Step 3. Mix together by gently rotating the cup clockwise and record your observations on the data sheet

Step 4. Take a picture of the completed exercise and upload to the worksheet. Make sure it includes the date, your name and photo/student ID.

 

Experiment 3-2

Step 5. Transfer one tablespoon of the paste to a small cup and add 1 tablespoon of sucrose solution.

Step 6. Mix together by gently rotating the cup clockwise and record your observations on the data sheet.

Step 7. Take a picture of the completed exercise and upload to the worksheet. Make sure it includes the date, your name and photo/student ID.

 

Experiment 3-3

Step 8. Transfer one tablespoon of the paste to a small cup and add 1 tablespoon of vinegar (an acid).

Step 9. Next add 1 tablespoon of hydrogen peroxide.

Step 10. Mix together by gently rotating the cup clockwise and record your observations on the data sheet.

Step 11. Take a picture of the completed exercise and upload to the worksheet. Make sure it includes the date, your name and photo/student ID.

 

Experiment 3-4

Step 12. Transfer one tablespoon of the paste to a small cup and add 1 tablespoon of water.

Step 13. Microwave on high for 1 minute.

Step 14. Remove from microwave (careful it’s hot) and allow 5 minutes to cool.

Step 15. Next add 1 tablespoon of hydrogen peroxide.

Step 16. Mix together by gently rotating the cup clockwise and record your observations on the data sheet.

Step 17. Take a picture of the completed exercise and upload to the worksheet. Make sure it includes the date, your name and photo/student ID.

 
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Unit 5 – Central Dogma Assignment

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Assignment for BIO120 Concepts in Biology

Unit 5 Central Dogma

Due: Midnight Sunday of Unit 5

Describe the central dogma of molecular biology; briefly describe the processes of transcription and translation.

The paper should be at least 400- 500 words (~ 1 double-spaced, APA formatted page).

Students: Be sure to read the criteria, by which your paper/project will be evaluated, before you write, and again after you write.

Evaluation Rubric for Unit 5 Central Dogma

  CRITERIA Deficient

(0 Points)

 Proficient

(1 Points)

 Exemplary

(2 Points)

 Points Possible
1. Defines the central dogma of molecular biology. Does not define the central dogma of molecular biology. Inaccurately defines the central dogma of molecular biology. Accurately defines the central dogma of molecular biology. 2
2. Describes the process of transcription. Does not describe the process of transcription. Incorrectly describes the process of transcription or does not describe it completely. Correctly describes the process of transcription or indicates the molecules involved (i.e. enzyme, substrate, product). 2
3. Describes the process of translation. Does not describe the process of translation. Incorrectly describes the process of translation or does not describe it completely. Correctly describes the process of transcription or indicates the molecules involved (i.e. enzyme, substrate, product). 2
4. Indicates where transcription and translation occur in a cell. Does not indicate where transcription and translation occur in a cell. Incorrectly indicates where transcription and translation occur in a cell. Correctly indicates where transcription and translation occur in a cell. 2
5. Grammar, spelling, and formatting The essay does NOT follow the APA format guidelines or contains more than six grammatical errors or misspellings. The essay follows the APA format guidelines but contains three to six grammatical errors or misspellings. The essay follows the APA format guidelines and contains no more than three grammatical errors or misspellings. 2
6. Clear and professional writing Writing is not well-organized or cannot be easily followed or understood. Uses choppy or rambling sentences. Writing is organized and can be followed, The essay contains effective transitions between sentences Writing is clear, professional, and well-organized. Essay is can be easily followed and uses effective transitions between sentences 2
Total Points: 12
 
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BIOLOGY HELP

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1-The final shape of a protein is very important to its function. When proteins undergo an irreversible change in shape called ________________ they ________________ perform their usual functions.

  naturation/can
  naturation/cannot
  denaturation/can
  denaturation/cannot
  dehydration reaction/cannot

 

 

2-Which group of lipids will contain hydrophilic heads that face outwards and hydrophobic tails that face inwards that will form a barrier?

  phospholipids
  steroids
  triglycerides
  saturated acids
  trans-fatty acids

 

3-DNA codes for the sequence of amino acids in the primary structure of a protein, but not for sugars or lipids. This is because

  only proteins are involved in living metabolic reactions.
  sugars and lipids code for their own replication.
  sugars and lipids are ever present in the living environment and are not used in living structures.
  other hereditary molecules code for sugars and lipids.
  proteins are the main structural and functional components of cells.

 

4-Which statement about the cellular nucleic acids DNA and RNA is incorrect?

  DNA is double-stranded, and RNA is single-stranded.
  The sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, and in RNA the sugar is ribose.
  DNA has a helix shape; RNA does not.
  RNA and DNA have the same four nitrogen-containing bases.
  Both DNA and RNA are polymers of nucleotides.

 

5-All carbohydrate molecules

  contain amino acids.
  contain nitrogen and phosphate.
  are organic acids.
  are composed of atoms of C, H, and the functional group -OH.
  are composed of atoms of C, H, O, and N.

 

6-Two molecules of glucose combine to form a disaccharide molecule during a(n) ________ reaction.

  dehydration
  hydrolysis
  hydrogen bond
  ionic bond
  inert

 

7-One carbon atom can form covalent bonds with up to ___ other atoms to form an organic molecule.

  2
  3
  4
  6
  8

 

8-Enzymes are organic compounds classified as

  nucleic acids.
  carbohydrates.
  lipids.
  steroids.
  proteins.

 

9-Organic molecules

  always contain carbon.
  always contain hydrogen.
  always contain carbon and hydrogen.
  are found only in organisms, hence their name.
  are always food molecules.

 

10-The water strider is an insect that skates across the water without sinking. The tips of its feet must be coated with molecules that are

  ions.
  hydrophilic.
  hydrophobic.
  basic.
  acidic.

 

11-Nucleic acids are polymers of

  amino acids.
  nucleotides.
  glycerol.
  monosaccharides.
  fatty acids.

 

12-DNA codes for the sequence of amino acids in the primary structure of a protein, but not for sugars or lipids. This is because

  only proteins are involved in living metabolic reactions.
  sugars and lipids code for their own replication.
  sugars and lipids are ever present in the living environment and are not used in living structures.
  other hereditary molecules code for sugars and lipids.
  proteins are the main structural and functional components of cells.

 

 

13-The moon lacks life and varies dramatically in temperature. If we could keep a layer of water spread on the surface of the moon, what effect would it have?

  Life would be possible but it would have to withstand these extremes in temperature.
  Water would absorb and hold heat and moderate the temperature extremes.
  The temperatures would drop to the lower extremes.
  Because water has a high heat of vaporization, the temperatures would rise to the upper extremes.
  Physical conditions would remain the same.

 

 

14-____ is a polysaccharide that is found in plant cell walls and accounts for their strength.

  Cellulose
  Chitin
  Glycogen
  Starch
  Cholesterol

 

 

 

15-The primary function of carbohydrates is

  quick fuel and short-term energy storage.
  structural reinforcement of plant and fungal cell walls.
  encoding the hereditary information.
  to speed chemical reactions in cells.
  to transport molecules across cell membranes.

 

16-Which of the following types of lipid is the most abundant constituent of cell membranes?

  cholesterol
  phospholipid
  triglyceride
  neutral fat
  fa
 
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Biology Essay Help

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Complete 6 out of 8 questions in this Essay Section, required questions are: 1, 2, 3, 4, and 7. Alternate questions are 5a or 5b and 6a or 6b. Select one of each of these questions to answer

1. You scoop up a water sample from a local pond nearby, because you are curious about the possible microbes that might live there. After looking at several slides that held drops of the sample, you noticed two different kinds of cells: One kind was very small and had no separate internal structures; the other kind was much larger, and it contained several kinds of internal structures that were physically different from each other. Please name each cell and briefly describe their overall similarities and differences.

2. PKU (phenylketonuria) is an enzyme deficiency disease that only develops in individuals who are homozygous recessive for that gene. An individual with PKU has parents that do not have this disease. What is the parents’ genotype for the gene responsible for PKU? What is the probability that they may have another child with PKU? How many future children of the affected individual will be carriers? Explain your answers.

3. Humans share 99% of their genes with chimpanzees, 90% with mice, 50% with fruit flies, and 37% with celery. Please explain the evolutionary significance of these data.

4. Describe the major land biome where you live. How have human activities changed the landscape and how has this affected native species? Include specific examples.

5. The habitat of one species of tropical fish is red coral reefs. The large majority of the fish in this population are red. A few individual fish carry a mutation that prevents the production of the red pigment; as a result these individual fish are white. The temperature of the ocean where these fish live gets warmer and warmer over a 10 year period, and as a result the coral is bleached and turns white. Use what you have learned about natural selection to explain how this bleaching event may have affected the evolution this fish population (not including possible direct effects of warmer temperatures on the fish). Include the following terms in your explanation: differential reproduction, beneficial trait, allele frequency, selection pressure, evolution.

Alternative to question 5:

At the beginning of the spring, Dr. Betty Burner notices that there is an equal distribution of long and short stemmed the dandelions in her backyard. By the end of the summer she notices that the majority of the dandelions have short stems. This observation is an example of what biological principle? Develop a hypothesis as to why there was an increase in the proportion of the short stemmed dandelions within the population.

6. You have read that inorganic fertilizers contribute to water pollution and would like to make a switch from inorganic fertilizers to organic compost in your vegetable garden. A friend graciously gives you a truck load of his compost. As a good researcher and critical thinker you are not convinced that organic compost will yield the same results as the inorganic fertilizer you have used for years with good results. To draw your own conclusion based on scientific evidence you decide to conduct an experiment in your garden. State a good hypothesis, design an experiment (include test subjects, sample size, control(s), dependent and independent variables, type of data collected) and hypothetical results/conclusion. Does your conclusion support the hypothesis?

Alternative to question 6:

If researchers establish that Myrothecium verrucaria is an effective biological control agent against kudzu, they must then demonstrate that the pathogen will not harm desirable species such as soybeans (a close relative to kudzu). Describe an experiment that could fulfill this purpose, including all steps of the scientific method. Identify control(s), dependent and independent variables.

7. Use what you have learned about energy transfer in food chains and the second law of thermodynamics to explain why it is an environmentally good choice to eat a plant based diet. Include the following terms in your answer: producer, herbivore, omnivore, trophic level, resources and energy

 
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Medical Terms Worksheet

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Orthopedics

Name______________________

1. List alternative therapies for musculoskeletal problems.

2. What is a xyrospasm? What is the Greek derivative of the word?

3. Name and describe the three types of varus conditions.

4. Define the anterior “triangle” of the neck. Give a second example of a body triangle.

5. What are the symptoms of the life-threatening illness caused by the bacteria Clostridium tetani?

6. Ole Worm, a Danish physician (1588-1654) described the wormian bone. Where is this bone found?

7. What is the function of calcium?

8. Divers exposed to the toxin of the stonefish die within days of exposure, a painful, mutilating illness. What toxin does this fish produce and how is it lethal?

9. In radiologic technology, what is the responsibility of the radiographer?

10. Describe the work of a physical therapist.

 
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Assignment

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Lab Activity: Interpreting Graphs – Population Growth

 

Use the graph below to answer questions 1–3.

Read each question, and write your answer in the space provided.

1. What type of population growth pattern is shown in the graph above?

 

 

2. Describe the growth of the hypothetical population shown in the graph, beginning with just a few breeding pairs.

 

 

 

3. What is the probable eventual fate of the hypothetical population represented in the graph?

 

 

 

Use the graph below to answer questions 4–7.

 

Read each question, and write your answer in the space provided.

4. Between what years does this graph predict that the human population growth rate will start slowing?

 

 

5. According to this graph, what will the world human population be in 2050?

 

 

6. From 1750 to 2000, which type of population growth model (logistic or exponential) does this graph more closely represent and WHY (provide one piece of data to support)?

 

 

7. If you could continue the graph to the year 3050, predict the type of population growth model this graph would represent. Explain your answer.

 

 

Human Population Growth Name: /50pt Lab

Objectives: You will create a graph of human population growth, analyze factors and conditions that affect it, and use it to predict future growth. Pre-Investigation Questions: Refer to the graph below: Use letters to answer the questions.

1. Refer to the illustration above. Which time period shows exponential growth of the population?

 

2. Refer to the illustration above. During which time period are the birth rate and death rate equal?

 

3. Which time period refers to when a population is in decline?

 

 

 

Statistics on Human Population
Year A.D. Number of People (in billions)  
0 .25  
1650 .50  
1750 .70  
1850 1.0  
1925 2.0  
1956 2.5  
1966 3.3  
1970 3.6  
1974 3.9  
1976 4.0  
1980 4.4  
1991 5.5  
2000 6.0  
2004 6.4  
2010 6.9  
2015 7.2  

 

Instructions for creating your graph.

Place time on the long horizontal (X) axis. Values should range from 0 A.D. to 2010. Place number of people on the vertical (Y) axis. Values should range from 0 to 8 billion. Make sure that your graph is a full page in size, you have the correct unit labels for the X and Y axes, and a title for your graph.

Analysis

4. It took 1649 years for the world population to double, going from .25 billion people to .50 billion people.

a. How long did it take for the population to double once again?

 

b. How long did it take for the population to double a second time?

 

c. A third time?

 

5. What growth model is human population growth for the 1st 1950 years?

 

6. What growth model is human population growth for the last 75 (or so) years?

 

7. Based on your graph, in what year will the population reach 8 billion?

 

The Earth’s Carrying Capacity: Human factors.

Prior to 1950, the death rate was high, which kept the numbers of humans from increasing rapidly. In the 19th Century, the agricultural revolution increased food production. The industrial revolution improved methods of transporting food and other good. In the 20th Century, advances in medicine, sanitation and nutrition have decreased the death rates further. These factors combined to produce the rapid growth of the human population in the 20th century.

As with any population, humans are also limited by factors such as space, amount of food and disease. The carrying capacity is the number of individuals that a stable environment can support. Authorities disagree on the maximum number of people that the earth can support, though the numbers generally range for 8 to 10 billion. As the population approaches its limit, starvation will increase. Some countries have a much higher growth rate than others. Growth rate is the number of people born minus the number of people that die. Compare the growth rates of the following countries

Most countries are trying to reduce their growth rate. Zero population growth means that as many people are being born as there are dying – to achieve zero population growth, each couple would need to have no more than two children (to replace the parents). Even if this number is achieved, the population will continue to grow because the parents will still live on for decades, as their children have children and their children have children…and so forth. The United States reached zero population growth in the 1980’s, and yet the overall population of the US still increases.

Analysis: Use the graph you created and the information above to answer the following questions.

8. What factors contributed to the world’s overall population growth in the last 150 years. List at least 4.

 

 

 

9. Why does a population not level off during the same year it reaches zero population growth?

 

 

 

10. What do you think the Earth’s carrying capacity for humans is?

 

11. If the carrying capacity of the earth was 9 billion people, when would this number be reached (according to your graph)?

 

12. What will happen when the human population exceeds the earth’s carrying capacity? Explain in a few sentences.

 

( LABELS: )Population Growth Pyramids.

Analysis: Comprehensive population growth models. Answer the questions completely.

13. What is it called when a population increases at a steady, rapid rate?

 

 

14. Refer to the graph containing Germany. Which age group had the least amount of males?

 

 

15. Refer to the graph containing Guatemala. Which age group has the most individuals?

 

 

16. Which country has a nearly equivalent distribution for each age group?

 

 

17. Label the graph that illustrates a population “DECLINING”.

18. What is your justification?

 

 

19. Label the graph that illustrates a population “EXPANDING SLOWLY”.

20. What is your justification?

 

 

21. Label the graph that illustrates a population “EXPANDING RAPIDLY”.

22. What is your justification?

 

 

23. Label the graph that illustrates a population “STABLE”.

24. What is your justification?

 

 

25. Based upon what you know about these countries, what do you find interesting about the rate of growth of a country and its economy, standard of living, health factors, and other social influences?

 
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Reply 3

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Respond to the three discussion post below using the references below ONLY:

——Ajunwa, I. (2017, January 19). Workplace wellness programs could be putting your health data at risk (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.. Harvard Business Review. Retrieved from https://hbr.org/2017/01/workplace-wellness-programs-could-be-putting-your-health-data-at-risk

——Hancock, J. (2015, October 2). Workplace wellness programs put employee privacy at risk (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.. CNN. Retrieved from https://www.cnn.com/2015/09/28/health/workplace-wellness-privacy-risk-exclusive/index.html

—–Hannon, K., & Next Avenue. (2016, May 29). New rules on wellness programs spark privacy worries (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.. Forbes. Retrieved from https://www.forbes.com/sites/nextavenue/2016/05/29/new-rules-on-wellness-programs-spark-privacy-worries/#6fc33f205ad5

 

 

1.Hello, Class,

Been a busy week here, so im behind the power curve with the rest of you,Work Place wellness and what is good and bad, do you know the good and bad of work place wellness.The first article I had to read was Ajunwa, 2017, work place wellness could be putting your data at risk, this went over talking about how a third party program or fitbit wrist watch with the companys health insurance vs the companys goals for money and productivity could be used for the benefit and negative of both parties. pretty cut and dry explanation of saying you need to ask questions that your data isn’t going to be used against you or given freely to someone. Big Trust issue highlighted there.

Work Place wellness by Mary ButlerLinks to an external site. on Feb 18, 2019 located here. https://journal.ahima.org/2019/02/18/workplace-wellness-programs-prompt-health-privacy-concerns/Links to an external site. like on the news this is mainly a negative article. it list reasons why it is good but list reasons why people don’t do it. it even gives an example of a company vendor releasing data out to a third or fourth party and how a man had a bypass surgery and the boss was using the data to make sure he walked and met his weight loss goals. now that’s kinda not right, but the boss is protecting the company and the insurance company, but what about the worker, some say the worker should have been in shape to begin with. we all have vices and all start somewhere new.

https://www.snacknation.com/blog/benefits-of-employee-wellness-programs/ Links to an external site.11 Data-Backed Benefits of Employee Wellness Programs You Need to Know Aboutashley bell 2018, Links to an external site. gives examples, 11 of them of how this is good for the company, employers and employees and how it makes everything better and bringing people together and how it improves productivity in so many ways and makes people happier. Johhnny

2.My additional article was an article from the Harvard Business Review. The intended target audience that is article is going for is anyone who is interested in providing a wellness program at a company, as well as students and former students at Harvard University. This is because the magazine is published by Harvard Business Publishing, who is owned by Harvard University. Due to this intended audience, the magazine uses language that is useful and understood by business professionals and people who work in this field. I believe that his article is credible due to the information that is given throughout the article. Throughout the article, the author uses information that was verified in studies that prove the legitimacy of the information. The information given isn’t based on opinion, but is based on facts and studies performed by other credible agencies. For example, “A Kaiser Family Foundation reportLinks to an external site. shows that 99% of firms with 200 or more workers offered at least one wellness program in 2013.” Ajunwa, I. (2017). This statistic wasn’t just made up, it was found through a legitimate foundation, providing accurate data to explain the topic of the article. The second article was also credible. The reason for this is that it is a scholarly article that was written and reviewed by professionals in the field. Another reason is that it wasn’t just written by a single person, multiple people worked and collaborated on the information that is being provided, ensuring the legitimacy of the information.

These sources could be used to address the topic of whether or not a company should invest the time and finances into providing a wellness program for their company. This could be a major concern in improving the company as a whole. The only concern I would have would be using the article from the Harvard Business review would be that it isn’t a peer reviewed source. This article would be good to use a basis of information, but not to whole heartedly prove and back up a research question. I would rather use the scholarly peer reviewed article to make a definitive answer to the question being asked. Jake

3.Hello All,

The first article read Ajunwa, I. (2017 January 19) on about workplace wellness programs and their scams as interesting to say the least. With my line of work being in shape is a must. As for my mom, who is a federal employee as well, it isn’t stressed that much. The most fitness they push is clipping a step tracker to your pants to track your steps, if you hit so many steps in a month you get a prize, etc. I feel like the audience is those who might want to have a health wellness fair for their business or those who will be attending at work. I feel like the audience must be spoken to in a gentle yet aggressive manner to get the point across.

If I was in my mom’s position with work and I read this article, I wouldn’t take into consideration being this website seems legit. Has watermark’s, contact pages, social media links, log in/subscribe options, etc. these all give me confidence that this website is a credible source. As for reading Ajunwa, I. (2016) about health data, I also feel like this is a credible source due to how many authors the article has, the publishing date, the face that the text is also very organized. Those are all big things I look for as I read on the internet a lot.

I feel like both articles can be used to talk about those who have had their health information used by the health providers or those hosting wellness fair. Providing a few points to those who might be considering one. A few concerns I would have is if others have not heard of the authors or maybe the websites where the information was given just because that might raise a few red flags on credibility. Both sources have great information, none the less. But health wellness fairs are always great because I am into fitness and a healthy life is a happy life, I just hate how in present day there are so many scammers and hackers out there. Justin

 
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Biology Lab

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Lab 2 Cell Structure and Function BIO101L

 

 

Student Name: Click here to enter text.

Access Code (located on the lid of your lab kit): Click here to enter text.

Pre-Lab Questions

1. Identify three major similarities and differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Click here to enter text.

 

2. Where is the DNA housed in a prokaryotic cell? Where is it housed in a eukaryotic cell?

 

 

3. Identify three structures which provide support and protection in a eukaryotic cell.

 

Experiment 1: Identifying Cell Structures

Post-Lab Questions

1. Label each of the arrows in the following slide image:

Structure Identity
A Click here to enter text.
B Click here to enter text.
C Click here to enter text.
D Click here to enter text.

 

 

2. What is the difference between the rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

 

 

3. Would an animal cell be able to survive without mitochondria? Why or why not?

 

 

4. What could you determine about a specimen if you observed a slide image showing the specimen with a cell wall, but no nucleus or mitochondria?

 

 

5. Hypothesize why parts of a plant, such as the leaves, are green, but other parts, such as the roots, are not. Use scientific reasoning to support your hypothesis.

 

Experiment 2: Create a Cell

Post-Lab Questions

1. What cell structures did you place in the plant cell that you did not place in the animal cell?

 

 

2. Is there any difference in the structure of the two cells?

 

 

3. What structures do cells have for support in organisms that lack cell walls?

 

 

4. How are organelles in a cell like organs in a human body?

 

 

5. How does the structure of a cell suggest its function? List three examples.

 

6. In the table below, list the items you used to represent the various organelles in your ANIMAL cell. Provide a brief rationale explaining why you selected each item.

Item Organelle Rationale
Click here to enter text. Click here to enter text. Click here to enter text.
Click here to enter text. Click here to enter text. Click here to enter text.
Click here to enter text. Click here to enter text. Click here to enter text.
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Click here to enter text. Click here to enter text. Click here to enter text.
Click here to enter text. Click here to enter text. Click here to enter text.
Click here to enter text. Click here to enter text. Click here to enter text.

 

7. Insert picture of your ANIMAL cell with your name and access code handwritten in the background.

 

8. In the table below, list the items you used to represent the various organelles in your PLANT cell. Provide a brief rationale explaining why you selected each item.

Item Organelle Rationale
Click here to enter text. Click here to enter text. Click here to enter text.
Click here to enter text. Click here to enter text. Click here to enter text.
Click here to enter text. Click here to enter text. Click here to enter text.
Click here to enter text. Click here to enter text. Click here to enter text.
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Click here to enter text. Click here to enter text. Click here to enter text.
Click here to enter text. Click here to enter text. Click here to enter text.
Click here to enter text. Click here to enter text. Click here to enter text.

 

9. Insert picture of your PLANT cell with your name and access code handwritten in the background.

 

 

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BIOL 1115 Human Biology Lab 13– Immunology

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13

INTRODUCTION 

Go to http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/immunology-virtual-lab

Start the Virtual Lab and maximize the screen if you wish. Answer the following questions

DIAGNOSIS 

1. Where are antibodies found?

2. How can they be used in the laboratory?

3. What does ELISA stand for?

4. What are ELISA assays used for in labs?

5. What are the three important limitations of an ELISA? Explain each.

BACKGROUND 

1. What test can be used to determine whether a patient has an infectious or autoimmune disease?

2. What does a positive result indicate?

3. The watery fluid of the blood is called ____________________.

4. What is allowed to react with the target antigen?

5. Detection is possible when _________________________________________________.

6. Once isolated, the secondary antibody can be ____________________________________

7. What is the signaling system?

8. What happens when the appropriate chemical (substrate) is added?

9. How is the test quantified?

10. What does the amount of color reflect?

LAB NOTEBOOK 

Proceed through the entire lab simulation protocol. Be sure to read the captions below the pictures (left side) and the information in the lab notebook (right side). Be sure to “start over” to begin the lab. You CANNOT skip any steps. Answer the following questions as you proceed.

1. What is systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)?

2. From Figure 1 (click on it), what are the four steps of an ELISA protocol?

a. ___________________________________________________________

b. ___________________________________________________________

c. ___________________________________________________________

d. ___________________________________________________________

3. In step 1, you centrifuge the samples. What does a centrifuge do?

4. What are you preparing in step 2? Why are there three different solutions?

5. In steps 3 and 4, you prepare an ELISA plate. What has the ELISA plate been pretreated with? Why?

a. What is the positive control? (Step 4)

b. What is a primary antibody? Please define.

c. What is the negative control? (Step 4)

d. Why is it necessary to have a positive and a negative control? (Step 4)

6. Why incubate the plate in step 5?

7. Next, in step 6, the plate is washed. Why wash the plate?

8. In step 7, a secondary antibody is added. What is a secondary antibody? Please define.

a. What is the attached enzyme in this assay? (Step 7)

b. What is the specific substrate for HRP? What color does it produce? (Step 7)

9. How can the yellow color be quantitatively measured? At what wavelength? (Step 10, in “why”)

10. Record your results. Indicate on this page and on the computer which boxes turned color.

 

A

B

C

+ Control

– Control

 

1:2

 

1:10

 

1:100

11. Did you complete the ELISA correctly? (Yes/No) __________

If yes, proceed to #12 and #14.

If no, proceed to #13 and #14.

12. What do the results indicate about:

Patient A:

Patient B:

Patient C:

13. Explain what you did wrong and what you will need to do next time. For more information, check your printable summary page. Did your incorrect procedure provide you any results? Explain what went wrong.

14. This virtual lab was testing for lupus. How is this same test used to test for the presence of HIV? If the results for an HIV test were the same as in this exercise, what would they indicate about the three patients?

 
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