SOCW 6311 & 6070 Wk 4 Responses homework help

SOCW 6311 & 6070 Wk 4 Responses homework help

RESPONSE 1:

Respond to at least two colleagues by explaining how that colleague might rule out one of the confounding variables that they identified.

Colleague 1: Debby

Being able to look at the different designs and choosing the right design for the information necessary to give an accurate accounting is imperative. Looking at the variables and outcomes wanting to be measured is also an important part of choosing a statistical design. The outcome of the design should be able to tell whether the goals of the client have been met (Dudley, 2014). In the study Social Work Research: Chi Square (Plummer, Makris, & Brocksen, 2014b), the outcome of the client was the outcome data measured.

The intervention provided by the organization was to rehabilitate recently paroled prison inmates and get these clients ready for full-time employment (Plummer, et. al., 2014b). The design was to use a quasi-experimental research design and the program started with thirty recently paroled clients, the intervention group (Plummer, et. al., 2014b). There was also another thirty recently paroled individuals that were waiting to enter the rehabilitation program, the comparison group (Plummer, et. al., 2014b). The parole officers of each individual within both the intervention group as well as the comparison group were provided surveys regarding the employment and demographics of the individual (Plummer, et. al., 2014b). The independent variable (rehabilitation program group) and the dependent variable (employment outcome), were measured using the Pearson chi-square and compared to the comparison group.

This study found the difference in the two groups were highly significant with a p value of .003 which is beyond the usual alpha-level of .05 which is used by researchers to determine the significance of the design used (Plummer, et. al., 2014b). This type of findings would give the organization reason to believe that the rehabilitation program could be effective when working with these clients in being able to obtain full-time employment (Plummer, et. al, 2014b).

Internal Validity

The validity of the rehabilitation program may be compromised by the two groups selected for the study. For example, there was no random selection when choosing the groups. Also, gaining employment may or may not prove that these individuals can maintain employment and for how long. This type of study would need a random selection of the groups as well as follow-up for a specific amount of time in order to follow how these groups were able to maintain the full-time employment. The individuals that did not find employment and the individuals that found part-time employment would also need to be followed to measure whether full-time employment was achieved after a period of time. This type of study gives a basic measurement but in order to truly get a valid conclusion regarding the rehabilitation program and the ability to gain and maintain full-time employment, there would need to be further evaluation.

References

Dudley, J. R. (2014). Social work evaluation: Enhancing what we do. (2nd ed.). Chicago, IL:

Lyceum Books.

Plummer, S.-B., Makris, S., & Brocksen, S. (Eds.). (2014b). Social work case studies:

Concentration year. Baltimore, MD: Laureate International Universities Publishing. (Vital

Source e-reader).

Colleague 2: Tammy

In the case study “Social Work Research: Chi Square”, Molly, an administrator with a regional organization asked a team of researchers to conduct an outcome evaluation of a new vocational rehabilitation program for recently paroled prison inmates (Plummer, Makris, & Brocksen, 2014). The findings of the chi square showed that the vocational rehabilitation intervention program is effective in increasing the employment status of participants. These conclusions come from two groups, which are the first 30 participants (intervention group) and the waiting list 30 participants (comparison group). The vocational rehabilitation intervention program is effective due to 18 or 60.0% that are a part of the intervention group, have full-time employment. The Chi Square also shows that out of the comparison group, 6 or 20.7% have full-time employment, but 16 or 55.2% do not have employment, and are not participating in the program. However, if the non-employment levels from the comparison group were affected (in the program), then the study shows that there is a greater chance for full-time employment for participants.

The factors limiting the internal validity of this study is that the researcher of this study observed the comparison group and the 30 (wait list) participants were not affected by this study. Internal validity is only relevant in studies that try to establish a causal relationship and is not relevant in most observational or descriptive studies (Trochim, 2006). The intervention group was affected due to, they are already participating in the program and benefiting from the program. This group was also observed. Factors that limits the ability to draw conclusions regarding cause and effect relationships are that the test only describes the relationship between two variables, which are employment levels and treatment condition. The study does not discuss anything prior to when the paroles where prison inmates. Employment level outcome effectiveness for recently paroled prison inmates are being studied. It doesn’t tell what was done for the program for the participants to gain full-time employment, which shows construct validity (Trochim, 2006).

References

Plummer, S.-B., Makris, S., & Brocksen S. (Eds.). (2014b). Social work case studies: Concentration year. Baltimore, MD: Laureate International Universities Publishing.

Trochim, W. M. K. (2006). Internal Validity. Retrieved from http://www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/intval.php

RESPONSE 2:

Respond to at least two colleagues in the following ways:

· Address a colleague’s post that differs from yours with regard to at least one cultural lens and expand upon the colleague’s interpretation of Paula’s needs.

· Explain whether you might use your colleague’s strategy for addressing multiple perspectives when treating clients, and explain why.

Colleague 1: Sandra

As a social worker, might interpret the needs of Paula Cortez, the client, through the two cultural lenses you selected.

Paula has many different needs and so as a social worker, I need to take a holistic approach in treating her. Paula is HIV positive, hepatitis C, she has multiple foot ulcers that need attention from medical providers, she is pregnant, she uses drugs, and she is also suicidal. Taking all of this into consideration from cultural lenses like socioeconomic and mental health Paula has a quite a disadvantage. First, Paula is lacking in financial support she is not working and therefore she is unable to provide all her needs. She is unable to relocate even though she is living in fear of her baby’s father. She has easy access to the drugs and is constantly putting herself and her unborn child in danger. She also is estranged from her parents who could be her natural support as well as financial support.

I believe the Hispanic communities also have less access to healthcare and therefore she could be limited in choosing the best health care needs for, example, she will need an impatient. facility to treat her the comorbid problem she is facing once she is released from the psychiatric facility. However, some facilities will not take her without insurance and if she is receiving Medicaid she will need prior approval and meeting other criteria. With health insurance, she could have more choices and access to faster services.

In working with the Latinos communities I understand there is a stigma associated with mental health and so she might be living in isolation afraid of what others might think. Paula is not being in compliance with her medication which is putting her more at risk for potentially harming herself and her unborn child. There are many barriers in mental health which include the usual public-health precedence agenda and its effect on funding. The difficulty of and struggle to the devolution of mental health services; challenges to implementation of mental health care in primary-care settings; the low numbers and few types of workers who are trained and supervised in mental health care; and the frequent shortage of public-health standpoints in mental health leadership.

Then, explain how, in general, you would incorporate multiple perspectives of a variety of stakeholders and/or human services professionals as you treat clients.

Paula’s team involves HIV doctor, psychiatrist, social worker, and OB nurse engaging all of these stakeholders with different perspectives we can enhance communication and promote the inclusion of underserved and under-deserved individuals. Each of these individuals has different perspectives but all are working for common goals to enhance the well-being of Paula. The Physician explained to Paula the importance of taking her medication and educating her about the treatment for the ulcers. The OB nurse is dealing with the pregnancies, the psychiatric speaks about her mental health and the importance of taking her medications. The social worker can incorporate all these perspectives into Paula’s treatment and give her a better quality of life.

http://mym.cdn.laureate-media.com/2dett4d/Walden/SOCW/6060/CH/mm/case_study/index.html

Chun-Chung Chow, J., & Austin, M. J. (2008). The culturally responsive social service agency: The application of an evolving definition to a case study. Administration in Social Work, 32(4), 39–64.

Northouse, P., G., (2013). Leadership. Theory and Practice (6th ED.). Los Angeles. Sage Publications.

Saraceno, B., van Ommeren, M., Batniji, R., Cohen, A., Gureje, O., Mahoney, J., & Underhill, C. (2007). Barriers to the improvement of mental health services in low-income and middle-income countries. The Lancet, 370(9593), 1164-1174.

Colleague 2: Randi

Each professional working with Paula was able to express their own concerns in regard to services that Paula required. Cultural awareness plays a major role in Paula’s case based on her current needs. “Beginning in the 1970s, concerted attention was given to helping agency staff members become more culturally aware” (Chun-Chung & Austin, 2008, p.40). According to the information provided, the two cultural lenses that can be used to interpret Paula’s needs are through socioeconomic and mental health factors. At this time, Paula is pregnant and the professionals working with her are unsure if she will have a successful delivery due to many of her complications. It is important to address the multiple perspectives of a variety of stakeholders while assisting Paula. One source states that “prior responses to addressing issues of social inequalities and injustices have been inadequate due to the preoccupation with individual change, lack of power analysis, and stereotypical practice” Chun-Chung & Austin, 2008, p.42).

One of the concerns is Paula’s socioeconomic factors. Paula is long divorced, and according to the psychiatrist, “she has absolutely no support at all, outside of the treatment team, and would have no familial assistance to take care of this child” (Laureate Education, 2014a).The psychiatrist’s concerns are validated since Paula also has physical restraints that may cause her to need additional assistance during and after her pregnancy. For advice, the psychiatrist has suggested terminating the pregnancy. Also, the social worker feels that carrying through with the pregnancy may not be the best idea, but she believes that Paula should make that decision on her own. However, the OB/GYN seems very empowering in her approach. The nurse states that “While Paula clearly started to decompensate and exhibited some very risky behaviors recently, I think we should try and understand the stress she has been under. While it is not my place to tell the patient what she should do about a pregnancy, I don’t see that we would have to recommend termination” (Laureate Education, 2014a). The nurse seems to understand what being part of a multicultural human service organization (MHSO) entails. According to Leadership: Theory and Practice “a MHSO is committed to an empowerment perspective that appreciates, celebrates, and values client strengths, resources, needs, and cultural backgrounds” (Chun-Chung & Austin, 2008, p.43).

As the social worker, I would work on ways to provide economical support to Paula. The social worker in the case study mentions that “Our goal now is to help Paula make it safely through this pregnancy and work on a plan to help her care for this baby once it is born” (Laureate Education, 2014a). Although it is not mentioned in the references, being familiar with Paula’s case, I know that Paula is an artist and she loves to paint. To provide her with socioeconomic support, I would research local art groups that Paula can attend in her community. This way Paula can do something that she loves while possibly forming healthy relationships. As well, I would try and connect Paula to a local religious organization (preferably Spanish-speaking). Religious organizations have been known to help provide resources and emotional support to people in their communities. There, Paula may be able to receive free assistance when her baby is born.

Stakeholders may also have multiple perspectives concerning Paula’s mental health. Paula takes multiple medications for her depression and bipolar disease but has recently reported that she has stopped taking them. Paula has also recently been admitted for suicidal ideations. Paula’s psychiatrist recommends that for the safety of the baby, Paula be involuntarily hospitalized because she “cannot be trusted to take her medications”. The OB/GYN is concerned for the safety of the baby, yet, she continues to display a positive outlook by encouraging Paula to make her own decisions. As well, the social worker has taken the strength perspective concerning the recommendation of the psychiatrist. The social worker states “I don’t agree that she should be kept on the psychiatric unit for the next seven or eight months. Allowing Paula to play an active role in preparing for the baby is an important task, and she will need to be out in the community and in her home taking care of things. We have to show that we believe in her and her willingness to manage this situation to the best of her ability. We need to affirm her strengths and support her weaknesses” ” (Laureate Education, 2014a.

As a social worker, it would be important to work on Paul’s compliance with taking her medication. By allowing Paula to play an active role in preparing for the baby, Paula may be more cooperative during the process. For stakeholders, one source states that “they need to develop communication competencies that will enable them to articulate and implement their vision in a diverse workplace (Northouse, 2013, p.384). Taking this approach with Paula’s history of mental health mean allowing her to make her own decisions throughout this journey.

References

Northouse, P. G. (2013). Leadership: Theory and practice (6th ed.). Los Angeles: Sage Publications (pp. 383–421). Retrieved from https://class.waldenu.edu/bbcswebdav/institution/USW1/201870_27/MS_SOCW/SOCW_6070_WC/readings/USW1_SOCW_6070_WK04_Ch_15_Northouse2013.pdf

Chun-Chung Chow, J., & Austin, M. J. (2008). The culturally responsive social service agency: The application of an evolving definition to a case study. Administration in Social Work, 32(4), 39–64. Retrieved from

Laureate Education (Producer). (2014a). Cortez case study [Multimedia]. Retrieved from http://mym.cdn.laureate-media.com/2dett4d/Walden/SOCW/6060/CH/mm/case_study/index.html

RESPONSE 3:

Respond by to at least two colleagues who identified strategies and/or challenges that differ from the ones you posted, and respond in at least one of the following ways:

State whether you think the strategies your colleague identified would be effective in advocating for social change through cultural competence, and explain why.
Identify a strategy social work administrators might use to address one of the challenges your colleague identified, and explain why this strategy might be effective.

Colleague 1: Mashunda

Social Work Strategies used to Advocate for Social Change

Social workers need to develop communication competencies that will enable them to articulate and implement their vision in a diverse workplace (Northouse, ) and community to ensure that needed changes are understood by others that may be of different cultures. One of the strategies that could be used when advocating for social change is charismatic/value based behaviors. The social worker using this strategy would be a “visionary, inspirational, self-sacrificing, trustworthy, decisive, and performance oriented” (Northouse,). Another strategy that could be used to assist with advocacy in social work is Humane Oriented which demonstrates behaviors of “modesty and sensitivity to other people” (Northouse, ). Using these two strategies the social worker will be articulate, open-minded, capable of changing how others think or view change, be person-centered, and understanding of social change.

Challenges Administrators my Face in Developing Cultural Competency

Change within an agency/organization will most likely bring about challenges. One challenge could be making sure that the organization/agency is culturally competent (Chun-Chung Chow, 2008) to address the needs of the different groups/individuals that they will encounter. Another challenge that the administration will have to focus on is how the change will impact the organization/agency (Chun-Chung Chow, 2008) and the phases of change.

Reference

Chun-Chung Chow, J., & Austin, M. J. (2008). The culturally responsive social service agency: The application of an evolving definition to a case study. Administration in Social Work, 32(4), 39–64.

Northhouse, P. G. (2013). Introduction To Leadership Concepts and Practice. Sixth Edition. Los Angeles: Sage Publication

Colleague 2: Daneilia

Strategies Social Workers May Use to Advocate for Social Change

Social workers becoming advocates for social change through cultural competence have many options to do so. Advocating for something usually takes knowledge in what one is advocating. Thus, gaining an education is an essential component in the process of advocating. Adler and Bartholomew (as cited in Northouse, 2013) discuss the competencies in cross-cultural awareness, and one of those competencies is comprehending cultural environments as well as the business and political parts. The need for understanding these areas is a portion of understanding how everything acts and interacts with one another. Therefore, making advocacy for social change less challenging as the knowledge supports the social change.

Nevertheless, another strategy for social workers to use to become advocates for social change through cultural competency is to engross oneself into diversity. The strategy may consist of surrounding oneself with culturally diverse people. Whether working alongside diverse individuals or immersing into the community or various agencies/organizations, contributes to the knowledge and experience of diversity and numerous cultures. Chun-Chung Chow and Austin (2008) elaborates on leaders to revolve themselves around diversity and therefore to have the ability to project that diversity through work. The action of being involved with diversity and many cultures is the foundation of incorporating those experiences into advocacy for those different facets.

Two Challenges Administrators Face with Cultural Competency

Administrators may face challenges in developing cultural competency within their organizations. One of the challenges administrators face in the integration of cultural competency within the organization is the potential damage to the agency’s core culture (Chun-Chung Chow & Austin, 2008). The culture of the agency forced to change to reflect diversity and culture of those the agency serves can create resistance and a bit of havoc because of disruption to the norm of the agency, with new and upcoming changes.

Another challenge may consist of hindering the organization’s staff from acting less efficiently than before (Chun-Chung Chow & Austin, 2008). The staff may lose motivation or feel less incorporated in the organization because of current development to foster a new culture and gain the necessary competency. Frustration may ensue because of a misunderstanding of the direction the organization is trying to go. However, taking precautionary actions to avoid these circumstances, it is best to include the staff on potential changes. Therefore, taking better preparation before things are finalized.

References

Chun-Chung Chow, J., & Austin, M. J. (2008). The culturally responsive social service agency: The application of an evolving definition to a case study. Administration in Social Work, 32(4), 39–64.

Northouse, P. G. (2013). Leadership: Theory and practice (6th ed.). Los Angeles: Sage Publications

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case study homework help

case study homework help

Read through 1 of the 2 the case study options in the Gorenstein & Comer (2015) (2 Edition) textbook. Then, complete the provided answer sheet of questions, utilizing information from the Comer textbook to formulate appropriate answers. Submit the completed document as an attachment via the assignment submission link.

Grading will be based on the accuracy and quality of answers, the demonstration of higher-level critical thinking skills, and appropriate quantity/content of the answers. Your answers must do the following:

Be in complete sentences.
Demonstrate focus and clarity of thought.
Display grammar, spelling, and sentence structure appropriate for college-level work.

Use the Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Answer Sheet or the Panic Disorder Answer Sheet attached above based on your selection. Place the answers into the boxes provided on this document

PYSC 430

Module/Week 2 Case Study Assignment

Case 1: Panic Disorder

Case Studies in Abnormal Psychology

Gorenstein & Comer, 2015

DSM Application (10 points): List the DSM criteria for Autism. Next to each criterion, detail the specific symptoms that match.

Assessment Questions (6 @ 5 points each):

#1: In the case of “Joe,” what event precipitated his panic attack?

#2: Why is Joe’s case different from most panic attacks?

#4: Why do individuals first suspect a general medical condition?

#5: Why was Dr. Geller convinced that panic disorders are “best explained by a combination of biological and cognitive factors?”

#7: How did Joe’s avoidance of going outside alone contribute to his panic disorder?

#8: What was the outcome for Joe?

Bible Application Question (10 points, 50 word minimum): Discuss this case and disorder from a biblical perspective using at least 1 Scripture reference (direct quotes do not count towards length requirement).

PYSC 430

Module/Week 2 Case Study Assignment

Case 1: Panic Disorder

Case Studies in Abnormal Psychology

Gorenstein & Comer, 2015

DSM Application (10 points): List the DSM criteria for Panic Disorder. Next to each criterion, detail the specific symptoms that match.

Dx checklist:

Panic Disorder

1. Unforeseen panic attacks occur repeatedly.

2. One or more of the attacks precedes either of the following symptoms:

a. At least a month of continual concern about having additional attacks.

b. At least one month of dysfunctional behavior changes associated with the attacks (for example, avoiding new expiriences).

Matching Symptoms

1. Unforeseen panic attacks occur repeatedly.

a. Joe had an unforeseen attack while on a plane, while on a routine trip to the store, and also had an increasing amount of attacks in bed during the middle of the night.

2. One or more of the attacks precedes either of the following symptoms:

a. At least a month of continual concern about having additional attacks.

i. The case study describes Joe as having attacks over a course of a few weeks not to include the initial week. Joe first had an attack while on an airplane and then a few days later, suffered an attack in bed at 2 am. Over time, Joe had come to fear the possibility of new attacks and had described this apprehensiveness to his doctor who suggested a psychologist visit.

b. At least one month of dysfunctional behavior changes associated with the attacks (for example, avoiding new expiriences).

i. Joe began to remain in his home, avoiding trips to the store for fear of an another panic attack. At times, he did leave his home with the componay of his wife, however his symptoms only lessened rather than disappeared.

Assessment Questions (6 @ 5 points each):

#1: In the case of “Joe,” what event precipitated his panic attack?

“With a panic attack, there is no external triggering event” (Gorenstrin & Comer, 2015, p. 8). In Joe’s case, he was sitting on an airplane while he panicked, he awoke in the middle of the night and had then had an attack, and then finally had attacks if he left his home to go to the store or for a walk. But none of these things have anything in common and do not suggest causality.

#2: Why is Joe’s case different from most panic attacks?

Joe’s case is different in that panic disorder usually begins between late adolescence and the mid-30’s.

#4: Why do individuals first suspect a general medical condition?

People first suspect a medical condition when they have a panic attack because they experience many physical symptoms like a racing heartbeat, dizziness, becoming short of breath, choking sensations, perspiration, and trembling among other physical symptoms. In Joe’s case, his wife thought he was having a heart attack.

#5: Why was Dr. Geller convinced that panic disorders are “best explained by a combination of biological and cognitive factors?”

Dr. Geller believes that panic disorder is caused by biological factors as well as cognitive factors because a panic attack brings about responses in which a person reacts both physiologically and cognitively. They may experience physical symptoms like discomfort in the chest, dizziness, perspiration, and increased heart rate. Some of these symptoms are types of physiological arousal that mirror the fight or flight response however, a person suffering a panic attack is not reacting to real danger, yet the body continues to behave that way anyway. From the physiological aspects of panic attacks come the cognitive factors. The person who is having an attack percievces these physical symptoms to be of real danger and begins to interpret them as such, thus producing more physical symptoms and possibly even more dread or fear.

#7: How did Joe’s avoidance of going outside alone contribute to his panic disorder?

Joe had a panic attack while walking outside to go to the store one day. That panic attack drove him home. In order to prevent having another attack while on the street, Joe avoided leaving the home. Behaviorally speaking, Joe stopped doing X so that Y would not occur again. This concept is known as negative reinforment where a behavior is strengthened by avoiding a negitve outcome. Joe’s avoidance behavior was reinforced because he no longer panicked while walking to the store. But, in doing this anxiety about being outside can develop. This sort of anticipatory anxiety increases the likelihood of another panic attack whether outside or not.

#8: What was the outcome for Joe?

Joe receieved several thereapy sessions with a psychologist who administered CBT and psychoeducation. Other techniques such as exposure tretments and relaxation training were employed as well. For example, Joe practiced muscle relaxation and breathing control. Eventually he was asked to practice these techniques while engaging in activities that preceded previous panic attacks. Over time, his symptoms progressively lessened until he was not having any symptoms or attacks which led him to a state of body and mind control, once again.

Which comes first? The thoughts or the behavior? According to the case study, Joe had a happy childhood, yet his family did suffer financial problems and Joe had unresolved issues regarding his resulting lack of education. Joe was also a Soldier and an infantryman at that, which implies that he may have saw some combat action and could very well have some lingering psychological issues there. All of these life factors could have contributed to maladaptive thinking which may have produced neuronal changes in the brain over time. This fits with the documented normal age range for the onset of panic disorder.

As cited in Comer (2016), research by Henn (2013) and Bremner and Charney (2010) state that the brain circuit and nuerotransmitters thought to be involved with panic attacks may not function appropriately. One thought toward causality is heredity. Personally, I wonder if maladaptive thoughts have a larger role than the text suggests. Biblically, thoughts and emotion play a huge role in determining health.

Thoughts govern behavior. What can be seen is the most salient component of behavior however, physiology (to include psychophysiology) is behavior as well. Thoughts are crucial to maintaining psychological health. For example, a panic attack leads to fear and other maladaptive thoughts. The Bible may not address panic attacks by name, but it does describe one in Psalm 55:4–8 (NIV) “my heart is in anguish within me; the terrors of death have fallen on me. Fear and trembling have beset me; horror has overwhelmed me. I said, ‘Oh, that I had the wings of a dove! I would fly away and be at rest. I would flee far away and stay in the desert’”.

Fear is the overruling emotion during a panic attack, but it can be the overruling emotion throughout a person’s daily life as well. All this negativity presents further complications in the mind and body. Matthew 6:33 reminds us to seek God and His kingdom first. Phillipians 4:19 says that God will meet all our needs. Matthew 10:28 pleads with us to be rid of fear of such temporal matters and to fear the Lord instead. God reminds us over and over that fear has no room in the heart of a child of God. When that child insists on focusing on these cognitive distortions, his spiritual and psychological health diminish and this is where we see problems like panic disorders. Thoughts should be focused on God, His promises (in this case), and who we are in Christ. 1 John 4:18 tells us that “there is no fear in love. But perfect love drives out fear”. With a focus on Christ, panic attacks have no place in the life of a believer.

References

Comer, R. J. (2016). Fundamentals of abnormal psychology. New York: Worth /Macmillan Learning.

Gorenstein, E. E., & Comer, R. J. (2015). Case studies in abnormal psychology. New York, NY: Worth , a Macmillan Higher EducationCompany.

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Recognizing Fallacies

January 31, 2024/in Assignment Help, Homework Help /by Daniel Jennings

Recognizing Fallacies

Recognizing Fallacies
Constructing sound arguments requires valid logic and reasoning. If your premises (reasoning) are incorrect they are considered to be “fallacies”. There are several different types of fallacies that exist. Once you recognize the fallacies you are more likely to avoid them in your reasoning.

(Hint: refer to textbook Chapter 11 for more information on fallacies.)

1. Match each fallacy with its definition in the chart below.

A. Begging the question G. Appeal to fear H. Questionable cause

B. Hasty generalization

C. False dilemma

I. Two wrongs make a right

D Slippery slope J. Misidentification of the cause

E. Appeal to authority

F. Bandwagon

___. Also known as circular reasoning because the reasoning assumes the conclusion is true.

___. Sometimes occurs due to “peer pressure” or groupthink phenomenon when you may be influenced to conform to the opinion of the group.

___. A causal situation where we are unsure of the actual root cause of the issue. It’s possible to ignore a possible cause or to incorrectly assume a common cause.

___. This argument states that the action (or conclusion) is a justified response to another wrong action (or conclusion).

___. This occurs when there is no real evidence for the argument. Superstitions are a good example of this.

___. The “either/or” fallacy – the argument presents only two extreme alternatives and does not allow for alternative options.

___. Indicates that one negative action will lead to another, and then another worse one, and so on and so forth all leading to a terrible end result

___. Basing a belief on a source or person who is not qualified to give an expert opinion on the subject.

___. The argument supports its conclusion not by evidence, but by demands or threats of punishment or misfortune.

___. A general conclusion is reached based on a very small sample, so the reasons provide weak support for the conclusion.

Deductive Argument
In a deductive argument, the premises (reasoning) provide such strong support for the conclusion that, if the premises are true, then it would be impossible for the conclusion to be false. Deductive arguments are VALID or INVALID.

EXAMPLE:

Valid – All children are young. Johnny is a child. Therefore, Johnny is young.

Invalid – All children are young. Johnny is a child. Therefore, all children are Johnny.

Complete each deductive argument below with a valid conclusion.

2. Premise 1: All humans are mortal.

Premise 2: I am human.

Conclusion: Therefore, I am _______________

3. Premise 1: All birds have feathers.

Premise 2: Cardinals are birds.

Conclusion: Therefore, cardinals have _______________

4. Premise 1: There is a party at work today.
Premise 2: Jimmy is sick and not at work today.
Conclusion: Therefore, Jimmy will _______________

Inductive Argument
An inductive argument is an argument that is strong enough that, if the premises (reasoning) were to be true, then it would be unlikely that the conclusion is false. So inductive arguments are STRONG or WEAK depending on the strength and frequency of the premises (reasoning).

EXAMPLE:

Strong – 74% of 20-year-old have a job. 89% of 30-year-olds have a job. Most 20- to 30-year-olds are employed.

Weak: John, 20, has a job. Mary, 30, has a job. Most 20- to 30-year olds are employed.

**The first argument is much stronger due to the fact that the sample size is much larger.

Complete each inductive argument below with a conclusion. Your conclusion may be strong or weak depending upon the strength of your premises.

5. Premise 1: Four-year-old Jeremiah likes to play with blocks.

Premise 2: Four-year-old Mary likes to play with blocks.

Conclusion: Four-year-old children at the daycare center probably _____________

6. Premise 1: Jill studies two hours a day.

Premise 2: Jill is on the honor roll.

Conclusion: Students who study two hours a day are most likely _____________

7. Premise 1: The houses on Washington Avenue are falling apart according to a real estate developer.
Premise 2: Christopher lives on Washington Avenue.

Conclusion: Christopher’s house is more than likely _____________

Evaluating Arguments

Evaluate the strength of each argument below based on the criteria for deductive and inductive arguments. Explain why you believe the argument and conclusion is valid or strong, OR invalid or weak.

8. Deductive argument: To graduate from UMA, Sally must pass all of her classes. Sally passed all of her classes at UMA. Therefore, Sally will graduate from UMA.

a. Is this argument valid or invalid?

Type answer here

b. Explain your answer

Type answer here

9. Inductive argument: I have a sore tooth. I also have a headache. Conclusion: I must have a cavity.

a. Is this argument strong or weak?

Type answer here

b. Explain your answer

Type answer here

10. Deductive argument: All dogs are dangerous. The golden retriever is a dog. Therefore, the golden retriever is dangerous.

a. Is this argument sound or unsound?

Type answer here

b. In your words, explain your answer for 10a.

Type answer here

11. Inductive argument: When I wore my blue socks, my team won. When I wore my white socks, they lost. I have to wear blue socks so my team wins.

a. Is this argument strong or weak?

Type answer here

b. Explain your answer for 11a.

Type answer here

Emotion Through Action
Read the short story, Emotion Through Action, and answer the questions below.

12. Explain the wife’s inductive reasoning for determining her husband’s level of safety at work.

Premise 1: The wife assumes that her husband works a desk job.

Premise 2: _______________.

Conclusion: The wife assumes that her husband has a safe job.

13. Explain how the husband knows that his wife is no longer comfortable with his job.

Type answer here

14. The husband says: “I know what I’m doing. It’s not my first time.” Why is his argument a generalization? Explain. (Hint: Refer to textbook pages 463-468 for more information about generalizations).

Type answer here

Reflection
Reflect on what you have learned this week to help you respond to the question below. You may choose to respond in writing or by recording a video!

15. Why is it important to make decisions or draw conclusions based on true, valid, and sound reasons/arguments?
Type answer here

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Week 3 Discussion Response To Classmates

January 31, 2024/in Assignment Help, Homework Help /by Daniel Jennings

Psychology homework help

Please no plagiarism and make sure you are able to access all resource on your own before you bid. Main references come from Capuzzi, D., & Stauffer, M. D. (2012) and/or American Psychological Association (2010). You need to have scholarly support for any claim of fact or recommendation regarding treatment. I have also attached my discussion rubric so you can see how to make full points. Please respond to all 3 of my classmates separately with separate references for each response. You need to have scholarly support for any claim of fact or recommendation like peer-reviewed, professional scholarly journals. I need this completed by 06/14/19 at 8pm.

Expectation:

Responses to peers. Note that this is measured by both the quantity and quality of your posts. Does your post contribute to continuing the discussion? Are your ideas supported with citations from the learning resources and other scholarly sources? Note that citations are expected for both your main post and your response posts. Note also, that, although it is often helpful and important to provide one or two sentence responses thanking somebody or supporting them or commiserating with them, those types of responses do not always further the discussion as much as they check in with the author. Such responses are appropriate and encouraged; however, they should be considered supplemental to more substantive responses, not sufficient by themselves.

Read a your colleagues’ postings. Respond to your colleagues’ postings.

Respond in one or more of the following ways:

· Ask a probing question.

· Share an insight gained from having read your colleague’s posting.

· Offer and support an opinion.

· Validate an idea with your own experience.

· Make a suggestion.

· Expand on your colleague’s posting.

1. Classmate (C. Spi)

NCDA C.2.a – Professional Competence

When reviewing the ethical standards of both the NCDA (2015) and ACA (2014), I realized that practicing within the boundaries of my professional competence is crucial. As a new counselor, especially one with limited counseling experience, working with certain populations may be outside of my professional wheelhouse. According to NCDA Standard C.2.a and the ACA Standard C.2.a, both state counselors must practice within the realms of their professional wheelhouse. For me, this means that working with some populations would require additional training. For example, my counseling specialty focuses on addiction. My client population will be geared towards working with adolescents and young adults; however, I recently learned that I need additional training when working with the LGBTQ community. If my client is part of the LGBT community, then I need to seek supervision regarding the best way to assist this client or if I need to transfer this client to another counselor that specializes working within the LGBTQ community. Following these ethical guidelines not only protects the professional but also protects the wellbeing of the client.

ACA B.1.a – Multicultural/Diversity Considerations

According to ACA (2014), counseling professionals must maintain awareness of multicultural and diversity differences. Counselors must remain self-aware of any bias that exists personally and professionally. Counselors must be sensitive to the differences and experiences between the professional and the client. For me, this might include clients that have different values than my own. I need to be sensitive to the needs of each client as they are all unique individuals with different experiences from my own. Young adults with different racial backgrounds may feel oppressed in their working environment and as their counselor, I need to be sensitive to their feelings. I also need to consider cultural appropriateness when making suggestions to aid the client (Harris & Engels, 2012). As a counselor, my goal is to empower and encourage my clients.

Ethical Challenges

One potential challenge I found within the NCDA (2015) Standard A.2.d was sharing information. Since some of my clients will minors, it may be necessary to share information with the client’s parents. In many states, informed consent applies to adult clients only. When the client does not have the ability to give consent, I would work to obtain assent from the client and discuss the limitations of confidentiality in detail with both client and parent/guardian to that each has an understanding of what they are. I would work with the minor client to help them be able to share the information with their parent/guardian and give them the option of having me be present or telling them alone. In my opinion, this gives the minor client some power in making their own decisions by choosing how to include their parent/guardian.

A second challenge I may face is regarding the ACA (2014) Standard C.2.g – Impairment. The ACA states that counselor must remain vigilant of their own self-care needs as well as the needs of their colleagues. As a new counselor, I am not sure I would understand the signs of my own impairment or be comfortable confronting a colleague that is experiencing impairment. I may disagree if someone confronted me, or feel out of place. To counteract this, I would be mindful of my own needs and feelings regarding the work I am doing. If I thought someone was experiencing an impairment of some sort, I may seek consultation with my supervisor as to how to handle such a situation.

Summary of NCDA and ACA

After reviewing the NCDA (2015) and ACA (2014) ethical guidelines, I find that both are very similar. In fact, most of the guidelines are written using the same wording. In my opinion, this makes it extremely beneficial when maintaining ethical and legal practices. So long as the guidelines are followed, there is little room for error. I find comfort knowing that I do have resources to turn to if I have questions and can always seek guidance from consulting with a colleague or supervisor.

References

American Counseling Association (ACA). (2014). ACA Code of Ethics. Retrieved from http://www.counseling.org/docs/ethics/2014-aca-code-of-ethics.pdf?sfvrsn=4

Harris, H. L., & Engels, D. W. (2012). Ethical and legal issues in career counseling. In D. Capuzzi & M. D. Stauffer (Eds.), Career Counseling: Foundations, perspectives, and applications (2nd ed., pp. 127-149). Boston, MA: Pearson Education.

National Career Development Association (NCDA). (2015). NCDA Code of Ethics. http://associationdatabase.com/aws/NCDA/asset_manager/get_file/3395

2. Classmate (J. Ru)

NCDA Ethical Standards

In this week’s reading we concentrate on ethics, one important aspect when it comes to entering the field of counseling or any field working with a diverse clientele we must adhere to our ethical codes. Being able to follow the ethics codes allows us to protect the dignity and well being of our clients.

When it comes to selecting a ACA I will have to go with A.2. Informed Consent in the Counseling Relationship (ACA, 2014), The reason I have selected A.2. is because currently as an Intake caseworker this is one important document that we must have signed in order to provide services and share information to those that are also working with our clients. If parents refuse to sign the informed Consent form, we are not allowed to communicate with the individual that made the referral until parents signed the consent form which sometimes makes it difficult to help the families reach the desire outcome of the referral made.

Now when it comes to the NCDA I would go with A.1.a. Primary Responsibility (NCDA, 2015), the reason I have selected this one is because it is my primary responsibility to respect and serve my client in a lawfully matter. I also think these two are very hard in my working setting because if I feel that a child is immediate or impending danger, I must call child protective services and break that relationship that I have built with my client. I always tell myself that my purpose is to make sure that I am meeting the child’s needs as well as the parent’s, but he/she must obey the rules that are put in place to protect these children from harm.

These codes are put in place to make sure as counselors we are aware of boundaries and what must be done to serve our clientele but also to protect them

References

National Career Development Association (NCDA) Ethical Standards

National Career Development 2015 Standards

http://associationdatabase.com/aws/NCDA/asset_manager/get_file/3395

American Counseling Association (ACA). (2014). ACA Code of Ethics. Retrieved from

http://www.counseling.org/docs/ethics/2014-aca-code-of-ethics.pdf?sfvrsn=4

Highlights of the ACA Code of Ethics

3. Classmate (J. Sch)

Ethical Standards

As counselors there may be different ethical codes governing our disciplines, specialty areas, work setting and client populations. It is advantageous for counselors to look at the code of ethics for counseling organizations like their own discipline’s code of ethics. In this discussion I am going to be comparing the code of ethics of the American Counseling Association and the National Career Development Association. I will identify two individual standards from each association’s code of ethics that I feel are important to adhere to and two which I feel may be most challenging to adhere to.

Important Codes: NCDA C.2.a. and ACA B.1.a

Two individual standards that I think are most important to adhere to address competencies of counselors regarding boundaries and cultural competences. The National Career Development Association (NCDA) Standard C.2.a. addresses Boundaries of Competence. According to Standard C.2.a. of the 2015 NCDA Code of Ethics, career professionals should practice in their areas of competence according to their “education, training, supervised and professional experience, state and national professional credentials, and appropriate professional experience.” (National Career Development Association, 2015) I do not think it is ethical for counselors to present themselves as having experience they don’t have nor is it legal to give the appearance that you have licenses or training that you don’t.

In addition to making sure they are adhering to the boundaries set by the NCDA, being culturally competent is a requirement that covers all counseling fields. The American Counseling Association requires that culturally competent career professionals possess knowledge, personal awareness, sensitivity, and skills of working with individuals from diverse backgrounds communicating “the parameters of confidentiality in a culturally competent manner.” (American Psychological Association, 2014, p. 6) Being bilingual in English and Spanish allows me to communicate with clients in the language they feel most comfortable with. For counselors who do not speak the language their clients feel comfortable expressing themselves, or if I find a situation where I don’t speak the native language of my clients, it is best to refer them to another professional who does. Because I am getting my MS in Clinical Mental Health Counseling with a specialization in Military Families and Culture it will be vital that I adhere to the ACA Code of Ethics and familiar with the NCDA Code of Ethics so I can help guide veterans in my program that may be looking for assistance in career development or training after discharge. I believe having a working knowledge of the NCDA code gives me insight into explaining to veterans how career development counselors can help them identify jobs using their skills, abilities and strengths so they can find rewarding careers that fit their personalities and skills. I also think that having cultural competence for military culture is important for me to provide the best services for veterans and their families.

Challenging Codes: ACA A.4.a. and NCDA C.4.a.

As a counselor I believe we have decided to enter the profession of counseling due to our desire to help others. According to the American Counseling Association 2014 Code of Ethics Standard A.4.a. “Counselors act to avoid harming their clients, trainees, and research participants and to minimize or to remedy unavoidable or unanticipated harm.” (American Counseling Association, 2014, p. 4) I think being vigilant of my actions, thoughts, biases and prejudices are some of the best ways I can avoid causing harm to clients, trainees and research participants; but there are other areas which must be considered. I also think being honest in explaining my credentials and experience to clients is another way I can avoid harm as I do not think it is ethical or legal to treat clients in areas that I lack training or experience in. I also feel it is incumbent on me as a counselor to keep up to date on my licensure and new developments in my field. One way to do this is to join professional organizations and avail myself to training to gain experience I need to improve my skills and knowledge.

The second code I will address is C.4.a. of the National Career Development Association Code of Ethics. According to the 2015 NCDA Code of Ethics standard C.4.a. states career professionals claim/imply only the professional qualifications they have completed, use appropriate titles, correct misrepresentations of their qualifications by others and distinguish between paid and volunteer work, education, and training. (National Career Development Association, 2015) I feel this is important because clients should be aware of our credentials, but they should also be aware of any limitations we may have to providing them appropriate treatment.

I placed both the ACA A.4.a. and NCDA C.4.a. standards under the challenging category not because I feel I will have trouble enforcing them, but because I see how they can present ethical and legal dilemmas for counselors. As such, they may present dilemmas where I will need to seek guidance and/or input from others like supervisors, co-workers or legal and professional experts. For instance, say I have a client who is a veteran in my program who is having trouble finding a job. Though he has been improving in counseling through identifying his goals and working on expressing his thoughts and feelings, his wife doesn’t feel he is working hard enough at finding a job and wants me to do a career assessment on him. This can present a legal dilemma concerning misrepresentation of my professional qualification in that she may not understand as a clinical mental health counselor I am not a licensed career development counselor and doing no harm as I do not feel it is ethical or legal for me to try to assess the veteran in career, but the issue presents a delicate scenario on how to inform the wife of this without the veteran thinking I am breaking confidence or feeling he is at fault for misleading his wife in some way about the limits of my abilities.

References

American Counseling Association. (2014). ACA Code of Ethics. Retrieved from http://www.counseling.org/docs/ethics/2014-aca-code-of-ethics.pdf?sfvrsn=4

National Career Development Association. (2015). 2015 NCDA Code of Ethics. Retrieved from http://associationdatabase.com/aws/NCDA/asset_manager/get_file/3395.

Bottom of Form

Required Resources

· Capuzzi, D., & Stauffer, M. D. (2012). Career counseling: Foundations, perspectives, and applications. (2nd ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson Education.

Chapter 5, “Ethical and Legal Issues in Career Counseling”
National Career Development Association (NCDA) Ethical Standards
- National Career Development 2015 Standards
  http://associationdatabase.com/aws/NCDA/asset_manager/get_file/3395

Pick one of the web sites below to review, depending on your specialty area, in addition to the NCDA Ethical Standards, which everyone is to review.

American Psychological Association (APA). (2010). Ethical Standards
http://www.apa.org/ethics/code/index.aspx
American Counseling Association (ACA). (2014). ACA Code of Ethics. Retrieved from
http://www.counseling.org/docs/ethics/2014-aca-code-of-ethics.pdf?sfvrsn=4
Highlights of the ACA Code of Ethics
National Board for Certified Counselors
http://www.nbcc.org/Assets/Ethics/nbcc-codeofethics.pdf

Website

· National Career Development Association. (2015). Internet sites for career planning. Retrieved from www.ncda.org/aws/NCDA/pt/sp/resources

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INTERGRATION PAPER

January 31, 2024/in Assignment Help, Homework Help /by Daniel Jennings

INTERGRATION PAPER

Running head: PERSPECTIVE ON INTEGRATION BETWEEN CHRISTIAN FAITH AND PSYCHOLOGY 1

Integration Between Christian Faith and Psychology 7

Integration Between Christian Faith and Psychology

Melina Costa

Liberty University

PSYC-420

Abstract

This paper will discuss psychology and Christianity: Two disciplines that seem to be difficult subjects when discussing an integrated approach. There are some people who believe that, psychology has become one completely different subject than Christianity and both at times have lost all connection with the other. In addition, there are integrative models of disciplinary that think psychology is strictly a science and Christianity is solely based on faith and religion and the two cannot be integrated together. After further review of evidence, it seems that the integration approach for both disciplines are given by God and that they both should be integrated to create a more understanding of humanity. The focus of this paper is to describe the Allies” model and how it relates to integrating two disciplines; psychology and Christian faith. In addition, the strengths and limitations of the Allies model will be discussed. Also included are definitions of both subjects and views on different approaches towards this matter. Scriptures will be added that correspond with this approach, as well as, several factors that lead to the integration process of both disciplines. After further studies of the evidence of various disciplines, it seems like the “Allies” model best fits the relationship between psychology method and Christianity.

Integration between Christian faith and Psychology

Webster dictionary states that psychology is, “The science of mind and behavior and the study of mind and behavior in relation to a particular field of knowledge or activity” (Merriam-Webster, 2017). Whereas, Christianity is defined, “A religion based on the person and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth, or its beliefs and practices” (Merriam-Webster, 2017). After the evidence from various disciplines of study, it seems that a person’s foundation is based on what we see and how we know. This leads a person to believe that it is crucial for Christian counseling to use both psychology and Christianity. There are several different methods that psychological theory and science use to gain knowledge. These are: “Logic,” “Empiricism,” “Revelation,” and “Hermeneutic” (Entwistle, 2015. P. 97). Whereas, experiments in psychology use deductive logic when testing a hypothesis. Inductive reasoning uses experiments that show a correlation by manipulating the variables. For instance, we use science to find out if a statement is true or false. An idea is a suggestion upon which an argument is based or from which a conclusion is drawn. For example, Since the Bible says, “All things are possible if we believe.” So, if a person believes. Therefore, “All things are possible.” This scientific logic is used to gain knowledge and can also be used in Theology as well. I believe God is a faith God and we must believe what he says is the truth.

Typically, two methods are used if a person wants to know about the nature of God. The “Revelation” and “Hermeneutics” methods are used when interpreting scriptures. Christian worldviews use “Revelations” that come from God himself (General) or from God’s divine word the Old and New Testament scriptures (Special revelations) (Entwistle, 2015, P. 110). Sometimes, people understand and interpret the scriptures the wrong way. Therefore, hermeneutics aids a person to understand what scripture says, and not what they want to make it say. Some limitations of these methods of knowing are that, every person experiences limitations that affect our reasoning capabilities, as well as, all human reasoning is imperfect and is flawed. Scholars believe that Christian faith is its own psychology and that Christianity is fundamentally psychological in nature (Magnuson, 2017). Also, many people believe that all truth is from God, whether it is from Christianity or science. The Bible says that, “all scripture is God-breathed and is useful for teaching, rebuking, correcting and training in righteousness, so that the man of God may be thoroughly equipped for every good work” (2 Tim:3-16). Indeed, the Bible does speak the truth and has everything necessary to fulfill a person’s Christian walk, especially, Scriptures that direct us truthfully to him who is the source of all goodness and mercy. However, after everything it does has, it still does not mean that everything we want to know can be found in the Bible, including everything we want to know about human personality, sickness, disease and other psychological issues (Johnson, 2010). Followers of Christ are called to pursue knowledge in several areas, one of the most vital being relationship with each other. And, since psychology and Theology are both subject to God’s sovereignty and are both God’s subjects. It is important to believe that, both are significant and are a necessity of fellowship for growth in a person’s Christian walk. Also remembering that God is relational. And just like a marriage, instead of arguing and having division amongst each other, he probably prefers and enjoys seeing the two disciplines functioning harmonious together as one.

A family member became ill and they sought out a naturopathic doctor. He had a protocol that was staged in various levels. The stages were to cleanse, replenish, and restore the wound. However, he did use natural techniques but on the other hand, he used scientific findings to discover the cause. First, he drew blood and looked at it under a microscope. Then, he took information from that and developed a protocol to start the healing process. It was amazing at how he used scientific reasoning and the healing power of the body to address the whole person. His efforts of combining both disciplines not only amazed everyone but, it started that person on a journey of healthy positive attitudes towards their body, and they gained knowledge on how the body heals naturally (The way God intended). It also drew everyone closer to God, as it humbly brought them to a proper relationship with him.

The Allies model does just that, it is a mixture of psychology and Theology. They are two entities that work side by side to achieve a common goal for a shared benefit. This model believes that we are all subjects of one sovereign God and that all truth is from him. This approach seeks to integrate psychology and theology by discerning its underlying unity and by using the truth for a Godly end (Magnuson, 2017). “The Allies model is premised on the belief that God’s truths are revealed in the book of God’s word (Scripture) and the book of God’s works (creation)” (Entwistle, 2015, P. 247). It is like the “Neutral model” in that it excepts both Gods works and words as different domains but overall, they both give us knowledge about human beings. However, the “Allies model” is different than the “Neutral model,” because it believes they should be integrated and not parallel to one another. Another approach that the “Allies” model agrees with is the Rebuilders model. The “Allies” model agrees that secular assumptions often taint psychological theories and findings, but the they do not see the entire field as in need of complete renovation (Entwistle, 2015, P. 248). Jones describes Integrations as, “Our living out-in this particular area-of the Lordship of Christ over all of existence by our giving his special revelation-God’s true word-its appropriate place of authority in determining our fundamental beliefs about and practices toward all of reality and toward our academic subject matter in particular” (Magnuson, 2017). The “Allies” model has a few limitations and they are: Exactly what assumptions establish a uniquely Christian approach to psychology regarding faith, sin, creation and man? Another common question is: How can we leave room for a divergence of Christian opinion? Lastly, what are the nonnegotiable core convictions that should guide our understanding (Magnuson, 2017). The “Allies” model believes that, Theology and science both have a perspective on what it means to be human. Some questions asked are: What is the purpose of human kind and are humans the main reason for creation or just an afterthought? Assumptions about how a person views human nature, are shaped by our worldviews, epistemologies and by are perspective on cosmology (Magnuson, 2017). Therefore, the Allies model rejects the modernist view, and encourages Christian counselors to use their worldviews as a starting point.

The “Allies” position seems strongest when counseling others because, both disciplines are concerned for humanity. They both give us a more complete and precise picture than either could alone about the truths revealed by God’s work and his words (Entwistle, 2015). An “Allies” approach is sovereign over the contents of both disciplines as they discover the wonders of his creation and his character as they are left with a since of amazement and gratefulness.

Regarding Christian counseling, there are few guidelines to follow. When a client chooses to see a Christian counselor, they will have a choice whether they want the counselor to be explicit or implicit with their counseling techniques. For instance, the client will be given a questioneer regarding the approach he or she would like the counselor to use. If they choose an explicit approach they are open for prayer, scriptures, and any other spiritual guidance. If they choose implicit they are refusing prayer or opinions regarding religious affiliation. Although a client can refuse spiritual guidance, the counselor should be a mature Christian, realizing that spirituality is not the same for everyone, so we should not force our ideas on them. However, we can allow the Spirit to lead and guide the session, allowing God to do what he wants to do in the client’s life. Keep in mind that, there is not a check list for the client to do to be a good Christian. If God wishes to change the client, he will use the counselor, but in the end God will do the miracle. Something to always remember as a servant of the most-high God is that, we need to acknowledge Gods sovereignty over all of life, respect everyone and to be his faithful servant to the very end.

In conclusion, psychology has many various perspectives not only because theorists differ about their assumptions, but also because its subject matter is so complex. An appreciation of this complexity leads to the conclusion that psychology’s perspectives are more corresponding than incompatible (Entwistle, 2013, P 155). Entwistle says that, psychology and Theology complement each other and uses the instruments in an orchestra as an example. Every instrument has their place and together they make a beautiful melody. However, “Despite their differences in their method, psychological and theological perspectives on philosophical anthropology they have a considerable degree of harmony” (Entwistle, 2013, P163). The Bible explains that humans are the crowning achievement of God, it also says that, his creation is very good. It is important to believe this, but it is also worth knowing that nothing in life is perfect because perfection was lost in the Garden of Eden. However, the other side of this negative is to fully understand and accept that life will never be perfect and neither will any experience or relationship. This insinuation is that people will always be pulled in opposing directions whether it be toward sin by our culture, or toward righteousness by the Word of God. However, our job is to determine the path to life through both psychology and Theology. Which in the end, will bring peace and understanding in human’s behaviors and why they do the things they do.

References

Christianity. (n.d.). Retrieved May 6, 2017, from https://www.merriam- webster.com/dictionary/Christianity

Entwistle, D. N. (2015). Integrative approaches to Psychology and Christianity: An introduction

to worldview issues, Philosophical foundations, and models of integration (3rd). Eugene, Oregon: Cascade Books

Johnson, E. (2010). Psychology & Christianity: Five views. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity

Press

Magnuson, C. (2017). Foundations: What we see and how we know. Retreived from Liberty

University Presentation.

Psychology. (n.d.). Retrieved May 6, 2017, from https://www.merriam- webster.com/dictionary/psychology

Runni

ng head: PERSPECTIVE

ON INTEGR

ATION BETWEEN CHRISTIAN FAITH AND

PSYCHOLOGY

Integration

Between Christian Faith and Psychology

Melina Costa

Liberty University

PSYC

–

420

Running head: PERSPECTIVE ON INTEGRATION BETWEEN CHRISTIAN FAITH AND

PSYCHOLOGY 1

Integration Between Christian Faith and Psychology

Melina Costa

Liberty University

PSYC-420

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Short Discussion Question for Psychology homework help

January 31, 2024/in Assignment Help, Homework Help /by Daniel Jennings

Short Discussion Question for Psychology homework help

Choose 3 questions out of 6.

Write about 3 paragraphs each. (Total around 2~3 pages)

I’ve attached few powerpoint files which include career development theories. (please refer to it)

Depth answers. Add your own ideas, interpretations.

1. Give examples of how different cultural work values and worldviews can be sources of conflict and misunderstanding in the workplace.

2. Discuss some of the specific gender-related career issues and career counseling implications.

3. How have your gender and your cultural background influenced your career?

4. Describe some of the ways families are changing and the potential impact on career development.

5. Discuss the special needs of individuals with disabilities.

6. Describe some examples of discrimination gay/lesbian/bisexual persons might experience at work.

Career Counseling: A Holistic Approach

Theories of Career Development

Part II

Social Learning & Cognitive Theories

These theories focus on wide range of variables that affect career choice and maintenance over the life span.

Key elements are problem-solving and decision-making skills.

Career choice also involves the interaction of cognitive and affective processes.