Archive for month: January, 2024

Assignment:  You are to present a local environmental issue or problem, solutions to the problem, the costs/benefits associated with the solutions to the problem, and a determination of the best solution, based on your analysis of the costs and benefits.  Be sure to not make your topic too broad. It should cover a specific town or area, not the entire world or a country, but does not have to be the particular town or area you live – it can be anywhere in the world. Please stay away from global warming issues. This is an extremely difficult area to narrow down locally and present reasonable solutions. It is simply much too broad for this type of presentation.

As an example, runoff from a coalmine may be contaminating the groundwater of a nearby town. A solution to abating the contaminated groundwater could be to shut down the coalmine, but at the cost of everyone losing their jobs. A benefit to this solution could be clean drinking water for the community.

There are a host of other costs and benefits associated with the solution to the above example. There are also many alternatives for solutions, none of which would make everyone happy. It is your job to find these costs and benefits for whatever solutions you choose.  Then, analyze each solution’s costs and benefits to determine which is the best solution.  Remember when considering costs and benefits, they go far beyond dollar values (e.g. loss or gain of jobs, land use, recreation, convenience, public health, habitat loss or gain, pollution, etc.).

Include a slide with the title of your presentation, then an introduction slide describing the environmental problem.  The main body of the presentation should describe the solutions and the costs/benefits to the proposed solution and give recommendations based on your cost/benefit analysis.  Be sure to use APA style citations and include a reference slide.

A PowerPoint presentation is really just an outline (with topics, subtopics, and bulleted statements), so it only contains the main points (just like you make an outline when writing a research paper). If you have never used PowerPoint, there are many tutorials on the internet, such as http://www.actden.com/pp/, that explain how to create a presentation. It is better to have a short well-organized and well-written presentation, than a lengthy one that rambles off topic.

Grading rubric:  Review the attached file for the grading rubric.

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Welding fumes are a common occupational exposure. Several different welding fumes can cause similar adverse health effects. Personal sampling of a welding operation at a manufacturing facility produced the following 8-hour time-weighted average (TWA) results for individual metal fumes.

(R) Respirable fraction (I) Inhalable fraction

Briefly summarize the primary health effects associated with overexposure to each type of metal fume, including both acute and chronic health effects. Explain what analytical methods you would use for evaluating health hazards in the workplace.

Identify the types of metal fumes that would produce similar health effects on an exposed worker. Assume that each listed metal can cause respiratory irritation. Use the equation in 1910.1000(d)(2)(i) to calculate the equivalent exposure (in relation to OSHA PELS) for the metal fumes with similar health effects based on the “Result” column in the table above. Discuss whether you believe any of the individual metal fume exposures or the combined exposure exceeds an OSHA PEL or an ACGIH TLV.

Your homework assignment should be a minimum of two pages in length.

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Writing an Academic Essay Rough Draft

Purpose of assignment: To compose a rough draft of an academic paper, using exigence, audience, purpose, and research.

Procedure: In previous assignments and discussions, you selected a topic to write about, explored its exigence, audience, purpose, and researched the topic using credible, scholarly sources. Now you will put it all together into a rough draft.

· The purpose of your essay (to define, to evaluate, or to propose) will be up to you, but your essay must demonstrate a clear purpose.

· The audience for your essay can be any group of readers who are affected by or interested in your topic. However, there must be a clear and specific sense of addressed and invoked audiences.

The purpose of this essay is not to prove whether you are right or wrong, but to represent in a fair manner different views of your topic and contribute in a meaningful way to an ongoing conversation about the topic. You may think of your essay as an “argument of inquiry”; intended to lead your audience to a deeper understanding of an issue that affects them.

Your rough draft should meet the following guidelines:

1. Between 900 and 1200 words

2. Include quotations, paraphrases, and summaries from four or more scholarly sources representing more than one side of the issue

3. Qualifies authors (i.e., shows why your sources are credible)

4. Withholds personal opinion

5. Is written in third person

6. Multimodal elements, such as photos or graphics, may be included at your discretion

7. Includes APA Style in-text citations and a References page

8. Has been closely edited so it contains few or no mechanical errors

You will have a chance to revise this essay for Week 8; however, writing is a process that no one “gets right” on the first draft. Allow yourself plenty of time to work on this paper and even write a few drafts before you submit one for peer review and grading. For more on peer review, see below.

Format: Standard essay format of introduction, body, and conclusion. Your introduction should include a thesis statement that expresses the main point of your essay. For an example of an academic essay, see “Echoes of 1776 in 2011: A Rhetorical Analysis of Nicholas Kristof’s ‘Watching Protesters at Risk’” in Chapter 13 of your textbook.

Format the assignment in APA Style: one-inch margins, page numbers at the top right, 12-pt. Times New Roman font, running heads, title page, in-text citations, and a references page.

Submitting the assignment: Attach your essay as a single file Word document or .pdf file and submit to the W6 assignment drop box.

Peer Review: As soon as you submit your rough draft for grading, submit it also to the W7 discussion forum for next week’s peer review.

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Week Two – Guidance

Hello Class!

It was nice getting to know you through your introduction and your week one discussion question postings.  Remember as you prepare your discussion posts, that to receive full credit you must include at least 2 citations of scholarly support to your answers for each discussion post (ie. Discussion One – 2 citations, Discussion Two – 2 citations).  You can use your textbook as scholarly support, and remember to include a reference for the support cited.  You should state your ideas and answers then follow them with support and a citation (author, year, page number).  Also make sure your original post is at least 200 words long.  Please let me know if you have any questions on this. In this second week of class we will be discussing the government’s role in energy and U.S. oil imports. You also have two assignments this week.  The first assignment is numerical where a cover page and references are not needed, but you have to show your work and not just provide answers to receive full credit.  The second assignment is conceptual which does require references and a reference page to receive full credit. Similar to week one I highly suggest you use the questions as headings to make sure all of the questions are addressed.  On to our week two topics.             For your first discussion you will be reviewing renewable and non-renewable sources of energy and the government’s role (if any) of providing efficiencies with these sources of energy.  You will select one example of each source in your answer and discuss how the government may play a role in bringing about an efficient market for your selected sources of renewable and non-renewable energy.  Tietenberg and Lewis (2012) give an example of government’s involvement with natural gas price controls (Price ceilings) and the issues that resulted from that, “The source of the problem can be traced directly to government controls over natural gas prices” (p. 142).  The authors go into further details, “The ceilings would prevent prices from reaching their normal levels.  Since price increases are the source of the incentive to conserve, the lower the prices would cause more of the resource to be used in earlier years” (p. 142).  The authors then describe issues with supply and demand with the price ceiling set by the government (make sure to review chapter seven for these points).              Your week two discussion is on U.S. oil imports and potential vulnerability.  Tietenberg and Lewis (2012) provide an interesting debate on this in chapter seven.  The authors described two political figures views on oil and how, “Over the long run, both candidates favored a transition to a greater reliance on hydrogen as an alternative fuel” (p. 154).  You will discuss this topic along with OPEC’s (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) role in the oil industry along with the cartel problem.  Attached is an article that further discusses OPEC.             Your first assignment again is numeric based and involves efficient allocation including dynamic efficient allocation.  Tietenberg and Lewis (2012) explain dynamic efficiency in chapter five as, “Dynamic efficiency balances present and future uses of a deplete resource by maximizing the present value of the net benefits derived from its use” (p. 103).  The numerical example referred to in the assignment is on page 103 of the text under the Two-Period Model section.  Make sure to review the concepts and examples provided while answering this question.  Also if you have any specific questions make sure to e-mail me before the assignment is due.

Your second question is conceptually based and as stated in the beginning of the guidance, references (ideally two) and a reference page is required.  Make sure to use the questions as headings to enhance the organization of your answer.  Pay particular attention to chapter six as Tietenberg and Lewis (2012) review depletable resource allocation over time.

Remember that your initial postings are due on Thurs. 4/9, and to respond to your fellow students’ initial postings during the week.  Your written assignments and responses are due on Monday 4/13.  Keep up the good work!

References

Tietenberg, T., & Lewis, L. (2012).  Environmental and natural resource economics (9th ed.).  Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Addison-Wesley. ISBN: 9780131392595

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