Penn Foster 501783RR Public Policy: Why We Do What We Do

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501783RR Public Policy: Why We Do What We Do
1. _______ loss is a measure of inefficiency such that the loss of welfare of one party exceeds the gain in welfare of another party.
A. Absolute
B. Marginal
C. Deadweight
D. Relative

2. Regarding the law of supply and demand, which of the following statements is most likely to be true, all things being equal?
A. An equilibrium price is reached when demand outruns supply.
B. As supply decreases, prices will establish an equilibrium price.
C. As prices rise, demand will determine an equilibrium supply.
D. As prices decline, demand will increase.

3. The measure of the extent to which the rich pay more in taxes than the poor is called _______ equity.
A. progressive
B. internal
C. proportional
D. vertical

4. The budget is fixed. If more money is spent on project A, less money is available for project B. This scenario illustrates a/an _______-sum game.
A. zero
B. negative
C. average
D. positive

5. Perverse consequences can be defined as ______.
A. incentives that cause rational individuals and firms to behave in ways that are not consistent with the policy
B. consequences that are what were expected given how the policy was written
C. results that cause rational individuals and firms to behave in a virtuous manner

6. If you choose to adopt one of the most powerful tools for changing people’s behavior, you’ll probably focus on making changes in
A. human nature.
B. the market system.
C. human capital.
D. incentives.

7. Which of the following can said to be true of deadweight loss?
A. It measures inefficiency that occurs when the loss of welfare imposed on one party exceeds the gain in welfare afforded to another party.
B. Because resources are not really wasted, no one loses in this situation.
C. Minimum wages do not create deadweight loss.
D. When reallocating the resources more people are better off but others are worse off.

8. _______ economics examines the processes by which people make decisions.
A. Behavioral
B. Competitive
C. Contingency
D. Subjective

9. As illustrated by academic credentials, the process by which individuals or firms engage in activities with no direct value to convey intangible information to some other party is referred to as
A. branding.
B. screening.
C. signaling.
D. certification.

10. Your text states that public policy requires a delicate balance between honoring the wishes of the majority and respecting the rights of the minority. How is this is best shown in the Constitution?
A. Supreme Court judges unlike their Federal counterparts are not elected to their posts for life.
B. Federal judges are elected for life but are not immune to political vicissitudes.
C. The First Amendment of the Bill of Rights guarantees freedom of speech even when a vast majority of citizens might find the content of that speech hateful.
D. The Constitution created the House of Representatives to help the most populated states and the Senate which evens out the votes by the states.

11. Which of the following best illustrates a collective-action problem?
A. The tragedy of the commons
B. Nondemocratic safeguards
C. Trade-offs among basic values
D. Disagreements over basic values

12. Prior to Robert Mugabe’s rise to power, Zimbabwe was
A. among the richest nations of sub-Saharan Africa.
B. a land wherein about half the children were suffering from malnutrition.
C. engaged in a civil war.
D. among the poorest nations of sub-Saharan Africa.

13. In many ways, public policy can be compared to
A. physics.
B. human nature.
C. medicine.
D. engineering.

14. Disagreements over basic values are most likely to arise in the context of _______ issues.
A. theoretical
B. monetary
C. imaginary
D. social

15. Wall Street brokers are compensated on the basis of how much money they make for the firm. However, in instances where individual brokers bet on big returns associated with significant risks and the investment goes sour, the firm, not the broker, will bear the full burden of financial loss. This scenario illustrates
A. a collective-action problem.
B. asymmetry of information.
C. incomplete information.
D. a principle-agent problem.

16. In any economic system, the allocation of resources is Pareto-efficient if it’s
A. possible to deprive some people in order to assure the welfare of some other people.
B. possible to make one or more persons better off without making anyone else worse off.
C. not possible to deprive any person of his or her private property.
D. not possible to make any one person better off unless some other person is

 
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DESCRIBE THE BUSINESS CASE FOR CAR SHARING IN FUTUREVILLE

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DETAILED DESCRIPTION AND REQUIREMENTS

PART A: DESCRIBE THE BUSINESS CASE FOR CAR SHARING IN FUTUREVILLE

This assignment requires you to write a report dealing with the issues listed and described below. Schedules and cost estimates are not required for the very good reason that they involve an imprecise process that is part of project management rather than an analysis and design activity.

Part A should be set up as a report, with an introduction and appropriate headings

reflecting the topics and tasks below.

Before you proceed, read (if you have not already done so):

 “Activities of Core Process 1: Identify the Problem and Obtain Approval” on pp.

262–271 of the textbook.

 “Stakeholders” on pp. 46–48 of the textbook.

Also, download the files on the Car Sharing case study from the Important Resources block on the right of the course home page, and read through them.

Carefully review the definition of all terms and concepts in the detailed instructions below!

Your report should be set up as follows:

I. The Business Environment

This section of the report should provide sufficient background information to allow someone not familiar with the business situation to understand the justification for this project.

Start by addressing the following tasks:

1. Identify the business need for the Car Sharing IS project.

2. Consider the needed interfaces to other systems.

3. Analyze the system stakeholders, and briefly describe their “stakes.”

Stakeholders include the project sponsor and internal and external users. The textbook provides an example for the RMO case. See p. 49 of the textbook, and especially Figure 2-7.

Page 2 of 5

II. The System Vision

The system vision clearly describes how the information systems development

project and new system will contribute to the strategic direction of the Car Sharing

organization and pilot project (see Figure 9-5 on p. 264 of the textbook).

Specifically your report should address the following issues:

1. What are the system objectives for the Car Sharing IS?

2. What business benefits are to be obtained from the Car Sharing IS?

3. What system capabilities are required?

III. Risks and Feasibility

This section of your report identifies risks and confirms the feasibility of the

information systems development project. Project feasibility analysis verifies

whether a project may be started and successfully completed. Your report should

address the feasibility issues listed below. Start by clearly describing what issues

are addressed by each feasibility category (see the relevant definitions in the

textbook), and discuss the feasibility of the project with respect to each category.

1. Determine organizational and cultural feasibility. This evaluates organizational

and cultural issues to identify potential risks for the new system. See pp. 269–

270 of the textbook for examples of potential issues.

 

Note: the textbook does not provide an exhaustive list of possibilities!

Note: ‘organization’ in this context refers to the Car Sharing community—all

stakeholders, but particularly members and prospective members.

2. Assess technological feasibility. See p. 270 of the textbook.

3. Assess resource feasibility. See p. 270 of the textbook.

4. Assess schedule feasibility. See  pp. 270–271 of the textbook.

Part A is worth 55 marks. Marking criteria are

 completeness and correctness of the information presented (50 marks)

 organization of the report – structure, headings, etc. (2.5 marks)

 presentation – look, readability, etc. (2.5 marks)

The organization and presentation of information are part of the interpersonal and

communication skills required of systems analysts.

PART B: USE THE EVENT DECOMPOSITION TECHNIQUE TO IDENTIFY USE

CASES FOR THE CAR SHARING IS

 Before you proceed, you should review “Use Cases and Event Decomposition” on

pp. 70–76 of the textbook.

Page 3 of 5

Virtually all approaches to systems development begin the modeling process with

the concept of the use case. The textbook recommends several techniques for

identifying use cases.

For this assignment, you are required to use the event decomposition technique to

identify use cases. Develop a table for all events relating to

 membership – from recruitment to termination.

 accounts and billing.

 reservations.

 inventory – vehicles and locations.

 vehicle usage (completed trips).

The table should include three columns:

 Event Name

 Event Type (external, temporal, state)

 Use Case Name

When creating the table, keep related events (e.g., all events pertaining to

membership activities) together.

Part B is worth 25 marks. Marking criteria are

 completeness and correctness (22 marks)

 presentation– look, readability, etc. (3 marks)

PART C: ESSAY QUESTION

How do the report and table created in Part A and Part B of this assignment help in

the system development process of an information system for car sharing in

Futureville? What problems can occur if these documents are not created or are

inaccurate?

Answer the questions above, using overall 200–300 words. Being able to answer

questions precisely is part of the interpersonal and communication skills required of

systems analysts; therefore, meeting the word limit is important.

Answers consisting of more than 300 words will be marked with 0 points, and

answers of less than 200 words will receive reduced marks proportionate to

the length of the answer.

Make sure that your answer is written in your own words rather than being copied

either from the textbook or from another source! Cite the sources you use in your

answer, and provide references. There should be at least two references in your

answer, and at least one of them should not be the textbook. If you are not sure

how to list and cite sources, please read “How to Cite Correctly” in the Important

Resources block on the right side of the course home page.

 
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Perspectives On Animals

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There are a variety of perspectives surrounding animal’s rights, many of which will be discussed throughout the week.

1. Discuss what you believe to be the best argument in support of animal liberation or animal rights backing your opinions with at least one scholarly or reputable resource.

2. Additionally, discuss at least two different perspectives concerning animals from this week’s readings.

3. Which perspective do you agree with the most?

4. Why?

Your initial post should be at least 250 words in length. Utilize at least one scholarly or reputable resource to support your claims. Cite your sources in APA format.

 
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UNIT IV PROJECT BOS 3651

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Unit IV Project

 

Hazard Analysis and Risk Assessment Project

Be sure to read all of the instructions. There are two documents to be prepared and submitted.

1. Following steps 1-11 of the Hazard Analysis and Risk Assessment Guide in the course textbook (pp. 171-174), develop a risk assessment for a serious workplace hazard with which you are familiar, or use Addendum D to Chapter 11 (pp. 202-206) to help you select a hazard. Evaluate the hazard and its associated risks, and then complete the Hazard Analysis and Risk Analysis Project form (click here to access this form). To complete the Initial Risk Assessment and Post Control Risk Assessment sections, use the following codes based on the Risk Assessment Matrix in Table 11.10 (p.180) of the textbook:

SEVERITY:

1 – Catastrophic

2 – Critical

3 – Marginal

4 – Negligible

 

PROBABILITY (Likelihood of Occurrence):

A – Frequent

B – Probable

C – Occasional

D – Remote

E – Improbable

 

RISK CODE:

H – High

S – Serious

M – Medium

L – Low

 

All sections of the form must be completed. Note that the “Post Control Risk Assessment Measures” section reflects the risk assessment AFTER applying the additional control measures.

 

2. In a separate document of at least 500 words, explain the reasoning behind how you filled out each section of the form. Use references as needed to support the discussion.

 

Upload both the completed form and the discussion document. Be sure that the discussion document is in APA format with a title page and a reference page.

 
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Agissmemt Topic On Environmental Impact Assessment And Environmental Health Emergencies

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Agissmemt Topic On Environmental Impact Assessment And Environmental Health Emergencies

Complete a 2- to 3-page reflection paper, including the following:

  • Explain how the topic you chose is an environmental public health issue.
  • Explain why people were, are, or should be concerned with this issue.
  • Identify relevant aspects of exposure to the population within the community, including who is exposed, the potential for contamination of environmental media (food, water, and air), and likely exposure pathways.
  • Explain whether the concern arises from a precautionary approach or established risk assessments, and why.
  • Consider your findings. Do you think that this is a major or a minor issue, and why? Are the public’s concerns justified, or does it seem that many people are actually unaware or unconcerned? Do you see this issue as personally affecting you—why or why not? What did you know about this issue prior to this assignment? Did your views about this issue change as a result of what you learned? If so, how?
  • The paper must be 2–3 pages, double-spaced, not including references.
  • Be sure to cite your sources, include your reference page at the end, and follow APA formatting throughout.
 
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Environmental Science 2-3 Pages

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Environmental Science 2-3 pages Pollutants can harm ecosystem function and may also harm human health. You will write an APA-style research paper about pollutants, their impacts, and mitigation of harmful effects. Include the following: Select 1 example of an environmental pollutant from the following list: Acid precipitation/ Acid rain Smog DDT pesticide use Eutrophication Answer the following questions about the pollution problem that you chose: Describe the pollutant chosen and the source of the pollutants. Include both natural and human sources, as applicable. Is this a point-source pollutant or nonpoint-source pollutant? Explain. What are the harmful impacts of the pollution? Describe impacts to both humans and to ecosystem structure and function. What steps are in place to eliminate the pollutant or to mitigate harm from the pollutant? Describe examples of laws or regulations that apply to the pollution and its sources. Also, describe educational programs, technology, or other initiatives that are used to help control the pollution. Have the programs, best management practices, or regulations been effective in resolving harm from the pollutant? Give examples of progress, or explain with examples what more could be done.

 
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Fundamentals Bilogy

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Assignment Content

  1. Resources: Ch. 5, 13, & 14 of Fundamentals of Conservation Biology; the Internet; and the University Library
    Write a 1,050- to 1,400-word paper about genetically vigorous populations.
    Include the following items:

    • Genetic Diversity:
    • Explain the importance of genetic diversity and how genetic diversity in plants and animals supports long-term viability, biodiversity, and biotic integrity.
    • Describe specific examples of at least one plant population and at least one animal population that lacks genetic diversity, and explain any threats to survival those species face due to their deficient genetic diversity.
    • Describe how genetic diversity impacts population management.
    • Population Management:
    • Describe the values underlying population management.
    • Explain the costs and benefits in successful population management. Provide at least two specific examples of current and past population management efforts.
    • Explain how invasive species have been used in population management.
    • Conservation:
    • Compare ex situ conservation to in situ conservation.
    • Describe the role of zoos, aquariums, and botanical gardens in conservation and explain the efforts of these institutions to support genetically vigorous populations.
    • Based on this information, defend your opinion on these institutions. Discuss the negative effects of zoos on genetic diversity.
    • Explain why the Endangered Species Act (ESA) was created to promote conservation of plants and animals. Explain how it helps prevent the extinction of endangered and threatened species.
    • Discuss some challenges with monitoring human activities affecting species populations and enforcing the ESA.
    • Cite at least six references, including at least two scholarly sources.
      Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines.
      Submit your assignment.
 
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Northern Territory (Australia) Fracking Implementation Plan: A Policy Review

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Follow the task- helpful for structure. But main topic is in the PowerPoint presentation slide..

 

Assessment Item 3

Description/Focus: Policy case study ─ CRITICAL REVIEW
Value: 50%
Due date: 26th may
Length: 3500 Words
References APA (20+)
Task: Consider a policy you would like to see implemented or which currently exists. As you work on the review, you should consider the key questions you have been answering for each case study which are 1) describing the imperative and purpose of the policy, 2) the development of the policy, 3) the implementation and 4) the monitoring and evaluation of the policy. Use the life cycle analysis outlined in Chapters 4-8 in the textbook to help frame and conduct your review.
Preparation: Consider the following elements when developing your cases study review:

Introduction

1. Description of the environmental problem and other social concerns that are being addressed by the policy (i.e. the policy goals).

2. Describe the interaction between different levels of stakeholders in the policy – i.e. responsible parties and those affected by the policy

3. Describe the aim of your critical review.

Review and analysis of the chosen policy

4. Discuss how the policy was developed; give the history

5. Describe and discuss factors that have influenced the implementation of the policy

6. Describe and discuss the impacts of the policy. Are these intended?

7. Investigate the intended monitoring and evaluation of the policy.

8. How can the policy be improved? For whom and why?

 

Prepare your review with reference to appropriate policy, technical and scientific literature.

 

Write with a specific reader or audience in mind.

 

Specifically state the aim of your review.

 
Presentation: Your review should be in a research report format, which includes a table of contents and a well-structured heading system, and correctly and consistently formatted reference list, as you would present a review report in a professional setting. Include appropriate tables, figures.

· Identify the audience for your document (not the lecturers)

 
Assessment criteria: Presentation (15%)

1. Does the review neatly present the required information in the appropriate length? (3 marks)

2. Is the written expression concise and clear, and free of spelling and grammatical errors? (3 marks)

3. Are references included and correctly cited and listed? (6 marks)

4. Are figures, tables formatted neatly with a numbered title? (3 marks)

Development of ideas, arguments and organisation of text (15%)

5. Are individual paragraphs well-structured, to include an opening sentence stating the key point of the paragraph, with the body of the paragraph presenting evidence to support, further elaborate on or critique that key point? (5 marks)

6. Is there logical and clear presentation of ideas in a well-structured paragraph sequence? (5 marks)

7. Have appropriate headings been used to clearly outline the report structure for the reader, and to guide the reader through the ideas arguments or rationale of the report? (5 marks)

 

Introduction and context (20%)

8. Does the introduction adequately explain the context of the review topic, specifically the definition of selected policy(ies), the reason these are needed (so what is the problem that needs to be solved through this policy?); any historical aspects of the policy (how has it evolved?). (10 marks)

9. Are the aims of the review clearly stated (10 marks)

 

Analysis of the case study policy (50%)

10. Are factors affecting policy framing explained? (10 marks)

11. Are factors that influenced the implementation identified and critically discussed? (10 marks)

12. Is there critical discussion of the success of the policy and how its effectiveness was/is measured? (10 marks)

13. Are recommendations for policy review proposed? (10 marks)

14. Is the text sufficiently supported by reference to the literature? (10 marks)

 

Report structure as follows

Table of content

List of figure

List of Tables

Chapter: Introduction (250-300 words)

Chapter: Background of fracking

· What is fracking (150 words)

· History of Fracking (200 word)

· Pros and cons (150 -200 words)

· Global uses of fracking

· Australian Fracking History

· Northern Territory Fracking History (Focus on this paragraph): detailed history of the development of fracking and policy and responses in the NT (use a timeline or a table to summarize developments)

 

Chapter: Problem Framing (Northern Territory context)

…. Please follow the powerpoint presentation

· Add a compensation plan

· Environmental recovery requires

· Safety and precaution measurement

· Impact assessment

· Community engagement (provide education training and information about fracking)

Policy Framing (Northern Territory context)

… Please focus on the Fracking Implementation Plan in Northern Territory

…. Please follow the powerpoint presentation

Policy Implementation (including who are stake holders and their role)

Monitoring and Evaluation

Conclusion

References

 

 

 

 

To get some help

https://www.claytonutz.com/knowledge/2019/august/the-nt-opens-the-door-to-onshore-gas-exploration-drilling-and-fracking
https://www.protectcountrynt.org.au/
https://hydraulicfracturing.nt.gov.au/
 
and the Plan https://cmsexternal.nt.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/673123/fracking_implementation_plan.pd
 
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Week 5 Project HSC3002 Environmental Health

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Understanding Environmental Health in Totality

Now that you have understood the impact of environmental factors on human health, create a 7- to 10- page Microsoft Word document addressing the following questions:

  • Describe three waterborne diseases and suggest methods for their prevention.
  • Provide one example of a toxic chemical that may enter the public water supply? Describe some of the health effects that are attributed to toxic chemicals present in drinking water.
  • What health hazards are associated with uncontrolled and older waste sites in the United States? Describe the processes through which hazardous solid wastes can affect human beings.
  • Compare and contrast the current methods for treating sewage from those that were used in the Middle Ages? Historically speaking, what factors spurred the development of today’s sanitary sewage systems?
  • Describe the stages for processing sewage. At what stage of processing is it permissible in the United States to dispose of wastewater from sewage into waterways?
  • What health-related considerations relate to the use of recycled water? What level of processing is required for wastewater to be recycled? Describe some of the uses of recycled water.
  • Even though workers in professional occupations usually are not exposed directly to hazardous agents, they are prone to occupationally associated illnesses. What types of hazards and associated illnesses predominate in professional occupations? What interventions would you propose to mitigate these hazards?

Submission Details

  • Support your responses with reasoning and examples.
  • Cite any sources in APA format.
  • Name your document SU_HSC3002_W5_A2_LastName_FirstInitial.doc.
  • Submit your document to the Submissions Area by the due date assigned.
 
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Renewable Lab

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Laboratory Activity-Renewable Energy

Load the  Florida Keys Eco-Discovery Center Solar Project (Links to an external site.)  and observe the real-time output.

· Each student must collect data from the solar demonstration unit. Try to collect data at various times in the day to acquire as many data points as possible (e.g., at least 12-15 readings).

Three (3) times a day for four (4) days or four (4) times a day for three (3) days total throughout the week.  The more data the better!

Three times a day example:

· Morning – (Sunrise-11:59am)

· Afternoon – (12:00pm-5:00pm)

· Evening – (5:00pm-Sunset)

Collect the following data during each reading:

· Time/Date

· Weather Conditions

· System Output in %

· AC kW output

· The total kWh reading for the day (“Today” from website)

· Tabulate and graph the data.

Renewable Energy Group Discussion Questions

Use these questions to aid your data summary. Please do not  post  answer the questions numerically ( use as summary)

1. Explain why wind and water energy sources are considered an indirect form of solar energy.

2. What are the differences between active solar approaches and passive solar approaches?

3. Discuss how weather plays a role in the amount of energy produced by the PV cells.

4. Would this system meet your energy needs? Review your electric bill (e.g., FPL) to determine your kWh usage per month.  Include this information in your answer.

5. What roles do conservation and energy efficiency play in helping us meet our energy needs using renewable resources?

6. How would you store some of the energy created by this solar system?  Discuss current storage systems used in solar energy applications.

7. Currently, fossil fuels meet most of the energy needs of the United States. Why do experts say that in the future no one renewable source will dominate as fossil fuels do today?

8. How does this laboratory exercise fit within the context of our environmental science and sustainability course?

 
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