Archive for month: January, 2024

For many of us old school gamers, we started out playing good old fashioned board games. Many of us learned strategy from games like Risk and Battleship. For your project, you will be developing a simple battleship type game to test your knowledge of the concepts we have learned in Object Oriented Programming.

 

The purpose of this project is to have you design of a fairly complicated project using concepts we have learned and then implement the solution using some of the code that we wrote in the previous projects along with new code, and then test your game.

 

You need to first start with the design of the project. The design documentation, due as shown on the syllabus, will be worth one homework grade and when corrected and submitted will be 20% of your final project grade. If your design is carefully thought through, the coding of the game should be relatively straightforward since many of the classes and concepts closely match previous assignments. You will need to first read these requirements and make a design document (ensuring that all the requirements are met in the design). A sample design document is posted in Canvas and should be used as your design TEMPLATE (example). Create a design document complete with the class diagram and activity (flow) diagram, as well as any decisions you made on the best use of classes, inheritance, polymorphism, and exception handling.

 

After you have completed your design, then you will be ready to implement the game and test. I cannot stress enough that a good design document and understanding of the requirements will make the actual coding of the game much faster and more simple.

 

Please don’t leave things until the last two weeks. Get started now, and please ask your instructor for help BEFORE you get too lost. Get the big picture done first. Worry about the structure and implementation of the major functionality. Then if you have time, work on the little details, and minor error checking.

 

So now onto the requirements. You sunk my battleship!….

 

For your CSCI 2312 Project, you will develop a simple battleship game. Battleship is a guessing game for two players. It is played on four grids. Two grids (one for each player) are used to mark each players’ fleets of ships (including battleships). The locations of the fleet (these first two grids) are concealed from the other player so that they do not know the locations of the opponent’s ships. Players alternate turns by ‘firing torpedoes’ at the other player’s ships. The objective of the game is to destroy the opposing player’s entire fleet. In our game, ‘firing a torpedo’ will be allowing the player to take a guess at where on the grid their opponent may have placed a ship.

 

In the requirements, we will set forth other simplifying rules to limit the scope of this project.

 

Requirements

 

Given the requirements as a rough specification, you are to design the classes and implement the game. In our imaginary game company, the requirements below were developed by the Product Development Team and your instructor is the Product Owner. You are in full control of the choice of classes (please use classes appropriately or points will be deducted), data structures, algorithms, internal file format, detailed user interface scheme, or any other pertinent design decisions you need to make. As the Product owner, I care that it compiles and runs like it is supposed to, meets all the functionality and requirements I have set forth, and is easy to play and understand.

 

The Battleship game you are designing and implementing is a simplified version of the electronic Battleship game played in one player mode.

 

The game is played on four grids, two for each player. The grids are typically square and in our case will be 10 by 10. The individual squares in the grid are identified by the x coordinate (indicated by a letter) followed by the y coordinate (indicated by a number). The following is an example of a 5 by 4 grid with an X in the position B3.

 

A B C D E

	X

 

1

 

2

 

3

 

4

 

 

 

Each player uses two grids. Each player uses one of their grids to arrange their ships and record the torpedoes fired by the opponent. On the other grid, the player records their own shots and whether they hit or missed.

 

Before play begins, each player secretly arranges their ships on their primary grid. Each ship occupies a certain number of consecutive squares on the grid (sizes of ships are in the following table), arranged either horizontally or vertically. The number of squares for each ship is determined by the type of the ship. The ships cannot overlap so only one ship can occupy any given square in the grid. The types and numbers of ships allowed are the same for each player.

 

Ship Type	Number of Grid Squares
Carrier	5
Battleship	4
Cruiser	3
Submarine	3
Detroyer	2

 

 

The game is played in rounds. In each round, each player takes a turn to fire a torpedo at a target square in the opponent’s grid. The opponent then indicates whether the shot was a hit (a ship occupied the square) or a miss (there was not ship in the square). If the shot is a “miss”, the player marks their primary grid with a white peg (X in our game); if a “hit” they mark this on their own primary grid with a red peg (O in our game). The attacking player then indicates the hit or miss on their own “tracking” grid with the appropriate color peg (red (0) for “hit”, white (X) for “miss”) so that they can understand where the opponent’s ship might be.

 

In the board game, once all of the coordinates of a ship have been hit, the ship is sunk, and the ship’s owner announces “You sunk my battleship! (Or whatever the particular ship that was destroyed). For our purposes, we will consider a battleship sunk if the opponent has a single hit. When all of one player’s ships are sunk, the other player wins the game.

 

For your game, you will create a one-person version of the game where ‘the computer’ will play for the second player.

 

At the beginning of the game, you will read a file called ship_placement.csv which contains the type of ship, the first grid square for the ship placement, and whether the ship is placed vertically or horizontally (V or H in the field). The file will be in csv format (comma separated values). This is a common format and is comma separated (instead of being on separate lines). There will be commas between the values. Blank values will just have a comma noting to go to the next field (the game input should not have blank fields so you should handle the case where a field is blank). If you want to view the file, often this will be opened by a spreadsheet unless you specifically open it with a text editor. Do not open it with Microsoft Word, as this may change the format. The first line of a CSV file notes the data descriptions as follows:

TypeOfShip,Location,HorizOrVert

 

I have provided several sample files which contain good scenarios and scenarios with placement issues that you will need to handle using exception handling. Your game should run with any of these files, but should also be able to run with any valid file in the correct format. You will need to check whether all ships were included in the input file (and appropriate action to take if not), whether all ships have been placed, whether they fit on the board in the configuration given, and whether more than one ship occupies a space (which is not allowed) when you read the input file from the user and how to recover if an error occurs.

 

You will then need to randomly position the computer’s ships on the grid taking into consideration the same factors as you did for the player’s input.

 

You will need to prompt for and allow for the user to input their next guess in the form of a letter (A through J) and a number (1 – 10) indicating where they are targeting for their torpedo and you should error check the input. In our simplified game, you will determine if the torpedo shot was a hit or a miss. If the shot was a hit, consider the ship to be sunk. You should display a hit or miss, whether the ship was sunk and which one, and display their tracking grid so they know what they have guessed and where they have made hits. The entire ship which was hit will display as sunk.

 

After the user takes their turn, you must have the computer randomly select a shot that they have not previously taken. Then you must display to the user what the computer guessed, whether it hit any of the player’s ships, whether a ship was sunk, and then display the player’s placement grid showing where ships are located and what has been hit.

 

You should continue this until someone wins or quits the game – meaning you should allow the player to gracefully quit at any turn.

 

At the end of the game, you should indicate the game is over and who the winner was. You should also allow the user to quit the game by entering a Q when prompted for their next guess. If a player decides to quit the game, the grid with all of their guesses and the locations of the computer’s ships should be displayed.

Overall System Design

1. You must have two different classes in your design.

2. You must use inheritance in one of the classes.

3. When reading from a data file, your program should test the input file to ensure that data is of valid format (basic error detection) using Exception Handling.

4. You should consider using the Grids from Assignment 2 to make this easier. You do not need to have 4 grids for this but if you decide to use only two grids, you need to make sure you do not show the player the computer’s ship location when you display the grid after each turn.

5. Each component of the overall program should be modular.

1. Program should be fairly fault tolerant of user input and the appropriate user prompts and on-screen directions should be displayed

1. Split the program into multiple files based on the roughly categorized functionality or classes.

Extra Challenge / Extra Credit

Some of you may want an extra challenge to boost your abilities and have some interesting resume material. If you have completed all of the requirements above and want an additional challenge, you can incorporate fully sinking the ships and additional logic to be used by the computer when it makes a hit. After determining whether the shot was a hit or miss, you will then need to determine if the ship was sunk. In the simplified version of the game above, one torpedo hit sunk the ship. For the extra credit, you will need to accurately track all hits on a ship to determine if it was sunk. If it was sunk, you will need to tell the player, “you sunk my XXXship” where XXX indicates which type of ship and then displays the information as described in the simplified version above. Additionally, you will need to add logic to the random selection of torpedo shots for the computer. When the computer takes a random shot that hits a ship, the next series of shots will need to be logically selected until the hit ship is sunk.

 

If you do the extra credit, please note this in your documentation and make it clear in the running of the program, so we can give you up to 15% extra credit. (meaning you could get 115% on the project). Note: Since this is extra credit, it needs to meet a higher standard for full extra credit).

 

 

 

 

 

1

 

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QUESTION 1

1. The ways that HLOOKUP formula works is searching down instead of across data. True
   False

0.9 points  

QUESTION 2

1. The AND formula takes a list of Booleans and returns TRUE if all of them are true, and FALSE otherwise. True
   False

0.9 points  

QUESTION 3

1. How would Excel evaluate the following formula? =OR(7<5, A2=6,NOT(“zebra”<=”tree”))? Assume that the formula is in cell D4, the workbook contains no circular references, and outside of cell D4 the workbook contains no errors.TRUEFALSEIt would return an errorThere is insufficient information to answer this question

1.4 points  

QUESTION 4

1. One of the benefits of using the Table feature is that you’ll be able to see the column titles at every moment. True
   False

0.9 points  

QUESTION 5

1. Use the brewery.xlsx file to answer the following question: How many total transactions took place at Beerland Amherst?3527425844258542194315939

0.9 points  

QUESTION 6

1. Use the file Code_Enforcement_-_Building_and_Property_Violations.xlsx for this question.
   What is the total dollar amount of penalties for closed cases in Charlestown due to residents’ improper storage of trash (improper storage trash:res)?

1.4 points  

QUESTION 7

1. Use the Brewery.xlsx file to answer the following question: What s the name of the beer with the highest Alcohol by Volume (ABV)?Half LordGear ShiftSheep MojoRed Salty HoserGnu Breath

0.9 points  

QUESTION 8

1. The PivotTable functionality is located in the Data tab. True
   False

0.9 points  

QUESTION 9

1. Use the Brewery.xlsx file to answer the following question: How many beers product names have order quantities between 3000 and 12000?75689

1.4 points  

QUESTION 10

1. Which of the following functions returns a range of cells?OFFSETCOUNTAMATCHREDEFINENone of the given choices

0.9 points  

QUESTION 11

1. A named range can be usedwhen creating chartsin formulasin functionsnone of the given choicesall of the given choices

0.9 points  

QUESTION 12

1. Which of the following statements is correct if new data will be attached as a new row to the existing table?OFFSET( base cell, 0, 0, 1, COUNTA (larger range in row where potential data may appear) )OFFSET( base cell, 0, 0, COUNTA (larger range in row where potential data may appear),1)OFFSET( base cell, COUNTA (larger range in row where potential data may appear), 0, 0,1)OFFSET( base cell, 0, COUNTA (larger range in row where potential data may appear), 0,1)None of the given choices

1.4 points  

QUESTION 13

1. One of the primarily characteristics of Solver is the mathematical relationship between the objective, the constraints, and the decision variables. True
   False

0.9 points  

QUESTION 14

1. The Solver and Analysis Toolpak Add-ins are not built in to Excel. True
   False

0.9 points  

QUESTION 15

1. Use solver to answer the following question: A manufacturing concern wishes to minimize its shipping costs between its 4 factories and 3 warehouses. Factory 1 supplies 1000 units per week and costs $5, $3, and $4 to ship each unit to Warehouses 1, 2, and 3 respectively. Factory 2 supplies 1200 units each week and costs $4, $3, and $3 to ship to Warehouses 1, 2, and 3. Factory 3 supplies 1500 units and costs $6, $2, and $5 to ship to the three warehouses. Factory 4 supplies 1800 units and costs $6, $2, and $4.
   If Warehouse 1 requires 3000 units per week, Warehouse 2 demands 1000, and Warehouse 3 demands 1500, what is the minimum it would cost them in shipping to fulfill each warehouse’s demand?

 

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Module 6 Discussion Forum

Include at least 250 words in your posting and at least 250 words in your reply.  Indicate at least one source or reference in your original post. Please see syllabus for details on submission requirements.

Module 6 Discussion Question

Search “scholar.google.com” or your textbook. Include at least 250 words in your reply.  Indicate at least one source or reference in your original post.  Discuss ways organizations have built a CSIRT. What are the components to building an effective and successful CSIRT team?

Reply-1(Vindhya)

 

In the building, an effective and successful CSIRT the steps involved are as follows:

1. Buy-In and support of management are obtained: the creation of an effective incident response team becomes problematic and difficult without the support of the management. The support includes time, funding, and provision of resources to the team (D. Penedo, 2006). The important responsibility and function of the CSIRTs are obtaining managements perceptions and expectations.

2. The strategic plan of CSIRT development is determined: by dealing with the administrative issues and addressing the project management issues the development of CSIRT is to be managed.

3. Relevant information is gathered: the service needs of the organization and to determine the incident response the information is gathered. In gathering the information the resources available are inventories of assets and critical system, for enterprise the organization charts and functions of specific business, networks, and systems organizational topologies, plans of business-continuity or existing disaster recovery, the physical security breach of organization is notified by existing guidelines, existing plans of incident-management, regulations of institution or parental, and existing security policies and procedures.

4. CSIRT vision is designed: The key components of the CSIRT are identified by bringing the gathered information to incident response constituency needs. For creating, CSIRT vision the points to be followed are (Z. Yunos, 2016): Constituency identification, the goals, objectives, and mission of CSIRT are defined, CSIRT services are selected and provided to the constituency, the organizational model is determined, required resources are identified, and CSIRT funding is determined.

5. The vision of CSIRT is communicated: the operational plan and vision are communicated to constituency, management, and others involved in the operation and feedbacks are obtained. Communicating vision before implementation helps in identification of problems.

6. CSIRT implementation begins: the steps involved in implementation are the CSIRT staff is hired and trained, in supporting team the necessary infrastructure is built and equipment are bought, the initial set of CSIRT procedures and policies are developed, the specifications of incident-tracking system are defined and the forms and guidelines of incident-reporting are developed for a constituency.

7. CSIRT announcement: broadly announce to constituency when CSIRT is operational also include the operation hours and contact information.

8. The effectiveness of CSIRT is evaluated: information on effectiveness is gathered by including against other CSIRTs the benchmark, with constituency representatives the general discussions involved, on a periodic basis the surveys of evaluation are distributed to members of the constituency, and in evaluating the team the quality parameters or set of criteria created by an audit.

References:

D. Penedo (2006), Optimal Policy for Software Vulnerability Disclosure. Good practice guide for CERTs in the area of Industrial Control Systems – Computer Emergency Response Capabilities considerations for ICS.

Z. Yunos (2016), Creating and Managing Computer Security Incident Handling Teams (CSIRTs), CERT Training and Education Networked Systems Survivability Software Engineering Institute Carnegie Mellon University.

Reply-2 ( Glad)

 

CSIRT (Computer Security Incident Response Team) is a team within an organization which responds to threats or incidents as they occur within the organization. Their responsibilities include,

–          Maintaining and creating an incident response plan

–          Identifying, troubleshoot and remediation of any incidents

–          Communication methods for incident responses

–          Combing the organization and proactively identifying and physical or network security threats.

–          Recommending technologies, policy updates, governance updates based off the past threats

Keeping in mind the roles and responsibilities of this team, to build a team to perform these activities and own the responsibilities, the first step towards creating this team would be to buy management support to ensure they are in agreement with the creation of such a team and are on board to sign off on the resource allocation and budget as well as procedural aspects of building a CSIRT team.

The next step would be to create a strategic development plan on the various facets the team should possess and within which time frame team should be formed. The plan should be feasible and the timelines realistic and also care has to be taken to ensure the plan aligns with overall objectives of the organization.

After the strategic plan is developed, information should be gathered to ensure all aspects of the CSIRT team is covered based on the types of policies formulated, types of threats assessed and the services that are to be offered. The team will have to be picked based on the information at this stage.

Once the team is aligned and the vision is set, the vision of this team and its operations will have to be communicated within the organization to bring about an awareness on what this team could do.

Post the organizational wide announcement and policy implementation, the team goes live into operations and implements all the guidelines and procedures thereby serving the organization.

References:

Fuertes, W., Reyes, F., Valladares, P., Tapia, F., Toulkeridis, T., & Pérez, E. (2017). An Integral Model to Provide Reactive and Proactive Services in an Academic CSIRT Based on Business Intelligence. Systems, 5(4), 52. doi: 10.3390/systems5040052

Möller, K. (2007). Setting up a Grid‐CERT: experiences of an academic CSIRT. Campus-Wide Information Systems, 24(4), 260-270. doi: 10.1108/10650740710834644

 

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Unit 3 A

Be sure to carefully follow the syntax and semantics of each representational scheme.

 

For pictorial/graphical representations, you may hand draw them, scan them, and import them into your document. Or, you may use the drawing tools available in your software app.

 

For quantifiers in predicate logic, feel free to use A and E if you are unable to produce the specialized symbols (∀ and ∃)

 

For help with logic, review the handout online. There are many other resources available on predicate logic, for example: http://www.cs.odu.edu/~toida/nerzic/content/logic/pred_logic/intr_to_pred_logic.html

 

1)

Represent the following facts as a set of frames:

“The aorta is a particular kind of artery which has a diameter of 2.5 cm.

An artery is a kind of blood vessel.

An artery always has a muscular wall, and generally has a diameter of 0.4 cm.

A vein is a kind of blood vessel, but has a fibrous wall.

Blood vessels all have tubular form and contain blood.”

 

2)

Represent the following facts in the language of predicate logic:

Every apple is either green or yellow.

No apple is blue.

If an apple is green then it is tasty.

Every man likes a tasty apple.

 

3)

“Herbert is a small hippopotamus who lives in Edinburgh zoo.  Like all hippopotamuses he eats grass and likes swimming.” Represent the above:

· as a semantic network;

· in predicate logic

For quantifiers, feel free to use “A” and “E” if you are unable to produce the specialized symbols

 

 

Unit 3 B

1. Develop a simple set of rules for diagnosing respiratory symptom diseases given patient symptoms, using the following knowledge of typical symptoms. Describe how a simple backward chaining interpreter could be used to go through the possible diagnoses, asking the user questions about their symptoms. If you have an expert system shell available, try implementing a simple diagnosis system based on the above.

· Influenza: Symptoms include a persistent dry cough and a feeling of general malaise.

· Hayfever: Symptoms include a runny nose and sneezing. The patient will show a positive reaction to allergens, such as dust or pollen.

· Laryngitis: Symptoms include a fever, a dry cough, and a feeling of general malaise. A “laryngoscopy” will reveal that the person has an inflamed larynx.

· Asthma: Symptoms include breathlessness and wheezing. If it is triggered by an allergen, such as dust or pollen, it is likely to be “extrinsic asthma”. “Intrinsic asthma” tends to be triggered by exercise, smoke or a respiratory infection.

2. What do you think are the main problems and limitations of the rule-set developed for the question above? What additional knowledge might be useful to deal with more complex or subtle diagnoses?

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Unit 3 E

 

 

In exercise 1, create the parse tree for each sentence. Sentences which can be recognized will have a complete parse tree while unrecognized sentences will have incomplete parse trees. Be sure to indicate which sentences are recognized.

 

In exercise 2, list the full DCG notation for the extended grammar. Test your grammar by using Amzi prolog.

 

Amzi Prolog allows DCG to be input directly. Therefore, you can enter your grammar exactly as you would create it for problem #2, page 123. For example, you can enter:  sentence –> np(N), vp(N).  etc.

The only “trick” is how to specify the sentence to check for proper grammar. Here’s how:

?- sentence([word1,word2,word3,etc],[]).

note the use of square brackets within the parentheses, each word of the sentence is entered between commas, and the final argument [] (open bracket, close bracket). Thus to check whether “All rabbits eat carrots” is syntactically correct, enter

?- sentence([all,rabbits,eat,carrots],[]).

 

Examples:

?- sentence([the,rabbit,eats,the,carrot],[]).

yes

?- sentence([rabbit,the,carrot,eats,the],[]).

no

 

Submit the .pro file as text copied within the document you submit here. Please upload one document with all exercise answers along with your name and ID#

 

The following is a grammar of a subset of English in DCG notation:

· sentence –> np(N), vp(N).

· np(N) –> det, noun(N).

· vp(N) –> verb(N), np(_).

· noun(s) –> [carrot].

· noun(s) –> [rabbit].

· noun(p) –> [rabbits].

· verb(s) –> [eats].

· det –> [the].

1. Which of the following sentences can be recognized with this Grammar?

· The carrot eats the carrot.

· The rabbits eats the carrot.

· The rabbit eats carrots.

For each sentence which is recognized by the grammar, show its parse tree.

2. Extend the grammar to handle sentences like the following. “All” and “some” should be treated as kinds of determiner (det).

· All rabbits eat carrots.

· Some rabbits eat the carrot.

· The rabbit eats every carrot.

The grammar should NOT allow sentences that are grammatically incorrect because a plural noun (e.g. carrots) is used with a determiner that can only be used with singular nouns (e.g., a, every) or vice versa, e.g.,

· All rabbit eat the carrot.

· A rabbits eat the carrot

· Every rabbits eat the carrots.

Try out your grammar using Prolog.

 

Unit 4 B

Apply the difference operator mask on page 129 to the image on page 128. Notes: use a threshold of 2; use the absolute value of the difference operation; the resulting matrix will be 7×7 rather than 8×8 (as the original is).

 

List the resulting matrix and show your work in computing it. This is a difficult assignment; don’t panic, but work carefully and deliberately.

Please find another attachment for text book

 

Unit 1 D

After you have thoroughly read sections 11.1 – 11.3 in chapter 11 of Computer Science: An Overview. Answer the following questions:

https://eembdersler.files.wordpress.com/2010/09/computer_science_an_overview_11th1.pdf

1. Draw the search tree that is generated by a breadth-first search in an attempt to solve the eight-puzzle from the following start state without the assistance of any heuristic information.  Continue the tree for 5 levels or until a solution is obtained.

	1	3
4	2	5
7	8	6

2. Draw the search tree that is generated by the best-fit algorithm below in an attempt to solve the eight-puzzle from the state shown in the first problem if the number of tiles out of place is used as a heuristic.

. Establish the start node of the state graph as the root of the search tree and record its heuristic value.

. While(the goal note has not been reached)do

2. [Select the leftmost leaf node with the smallest heuristic value of all leaf notes.

2. To this selected node attach as children those nodes that can be reached by a single production.

2. Record the heuristic of each of these new nodes next to the node in the search tree]

. Traverse the search tree from the goal node up to the root, pushing the production associated with each arc traversed onto a stack..

. Solve the original problem by executing the productions as they are popped off the stack.

· Draw the search tree that is generated by the best-fit algorithm as detailed in the previous question in an attempt to solve the eight-puzzle from the following start state, assuming the heuristic used is as follows: Measure the distance each tile is from its destination and add these values to obtain a single quantity.

1	2	3
5	7	6
4		8

· When solving the eight-puzzle, why would the number of tiles out of place not be as good a heuristic as the one described in the question above.

 

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