Archive for month: January, 2024

Child welfare services have a primary goal of protecting children from harm and promoting a child’s development to ensure a healthy transition towards adulthood.  However, when considering the historical and contemporary disproportionality of children of color represented within the child welfare systems (i.e., foster care, juvenile justice, etc.), it is important to consider the role of social work in reinforcing or reforming the field of child welfare.

Discuss your understanding of the degree to which the etiology (meaning the cause of) and/or prevalence of the child abuse or neglect in question is a function of diversity issues, including disparities and oppression.  Diversity can pertain to issues relating to race, gender, culture, sexual orientation, and poverty.  Please be sure that you specify which area of abuse/neglect you are addressing regarding diversity issues.

Please be sure that your response addresses 1) the history of social work and its role regarding communities of color, 2) the history of child abuse and neglect/child welfare and its role regarding urban children, youth, and families, 3) ethical practice standards as a social worker and 4) a professional opinion about how to reform child welfare to address the concerns you have identified. 

Please note that you should have at least 3 references that are not included within course material integrated as support throughout your answer, as well as support from an ethical code of your choice (i.e., Child Welfare, the National Association of Social Work (NASW Code of Ethics), National Association of Black Social Workers (Code of Ethics) or the International Federation of Social Workers).  

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Respond by Day 5 to at least two colleagues in one of the following ways:

• Describe two factors that might make minority groups especially vulnerable in the Medicaid policy your colleague cited. Explain why these groups may not have a voice in the policy-making process.
• Offer examples of organized self-help and citizens’ groups as both support mechanisms and potentially powerful lobbies. Describe how these lobbying bodies can help in amending the policy your colleague described.

Colleague 1 Chana Smith RE: Discussion – Week 9COLLAPSEHow the evolution of health care policy has influenced programs such as Medicaid and Medicare.America health policy shifted from environmental concerns to individual. Over time we have moved from dispensaries, to marine hospitals, to focusing on check ups. “The federal government entered briefly into health provision during Franklin Roosevelt’s New Deal with the Resettlement Administration’s medical cooperatives” (Popple & Leighninger, 2019).  The Depression led way for prepaid programs such as, Blue Cross and Blue Shield, due to hospitals being left with unpaid hospital bills. The government stepped back in when those who were less healthy, retired, unemployed, underemployed or self employed suffered. This is when both the Democratic and Republican parties worked together to put forth proposals that would protect the senior population that was getting left out of the employer based health plans (Popple & Leighninger 2019). Hospitals were reimbursed by Medicare however, continuously rising hospital costs, resulted in the Reagan administration developing a standardized payment based on diagnosis. Medicare became their cash cow because congress was able to take advantage of the cost reduction by transferring savings in Medicare into the general deficit reduction (Popple & Leighninger, 2019).   Specific Medicaid policy in your state that should be amended, and explain how you would amend it and why.The Medicaid policy in North Carolina that should be amended is the policy that prohibits payment for diet programs in weight loss centers. Helping recipients with their goal towards weight loss could help reduce Medicaid costs. Medicaid paying for weight loss programs could result in lowered expenses towards weight related health issues such as high blood pressure, and diabeties (dhhs.gov, 2018). The stakeholders involved in the Medicaid and Medicare health care policy in your state, and explain the role of these stakeholders in policy development for this issue.The stakeholders involved in the Medicaid and Medicare health care policy include ombudsmen, providers, and consumer health advocacy groups. The provide expertise and knowledge to contribute towards identifying solutions to meet the needs the people. They then work together towards  developing the policy (Nguyen, & Miller, 2018).
Colleague 2

Tameka Sutton RE: Discussion – Week 9COLLAPSEIn this week’s discussion, we are to communicate the development of Medicaid and Medicare with the rationalization of how they have influenced health care policies. We are to depict a Medicaid policy in our home state that has cause to be changed.  Explain a way to satisfy change, as well as why. We are to depict the stakeholders who participate in the Medicaid and Medicare health care policy in our home state and rationalize the stakeholders’ role in policy development.Discussion- the evolution of Medicaid and MedicareIn 1945, November, President Truman discussed a plan to bring the people to hospitals to receive good quality care, addressed lack of physicians, enlightened the Congress with a proposal that would mend high cost of coverage for medical care for families and individuals (“PROPOSAL, 1945”).  President Truman proposal to Congress established the development of a Social Security pitch that would offer affordable healthcare—report as being the initial step toward socialization (http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2013-09-29/site/ct-per-flash-medicare-20130929_1_affordable-care-act-health-care-health-insurance).In 1965, July 30, President Lyndon B. Johnson gave signature to the Social Security Amendment bill that became law on that day (http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=27123&st1=).  This law gave life to the Medicaid and Medicare health insurance system.  It was not until 1966, July 1, that the health care policy indeed came into existence for 18 million Americans requiring programs to help establish affordable medical expertise. On this day in American history over the amount of 19 million ages (65 and older) citizens signed on to receive coverage.  This day in the history of Medicaid and Medicare programs President Lyndon B. Johnson, and his wife signed on to the Medicare plan (http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=27123&1=). At this time the project had Part A (hospital coverage), and Part B (supplemental medical insurance). Medicaid health insurance covered all states with the initial date of January 1966 but was moving at a plodding pace. Amendments of additional care to the Medicare plan were – in 1967 children up to the age of 21, in 1972 the addition of long-term disabilities, in 1986 pregnant moms, the Act of Medicare Catastrophic Coverage in 1988, and in 2003 the improvement of the Medicare Drug plan that help to modernize coverage (https://revcycleintelligence.com/images/site/articles/2015/01/Medicare.jpg). In 2010, March 23, President Obama signed the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) that gave coverage of Medicaid to citizens in America numbering over 30 thousand uninsured patients. Citizens of lower and middle class received assistance through federal funds that help to secure private health insurance (https://revcycleintelligence.com/images/site/articles/2015/01/Medicare.jpg) .In 2012, June there was a verdict from the Supreme Court to allow each state to make the expansion of Medicaid services “voluntary” becoming a state discretionary plan. In America, 28 states participate in the development of Medicaid, that shows as being a benefit through the enticements of EHR incentive program (Medicare and Medicaid – Meaningful Use) provides providers with a financial gain for practicing and delivering significant medical assistance (http://www.cms.gov/Regulations-and-Guidance/Legislation/EHRIncentivePrograms/index/html?redirect=/ehrincentiveprograms/). In 2015, January 26, there are goals set for the future of Medicaid and Medicare that demonstrate reform. Per the Department of Health and Human Services, there will be a 30% of fee-for-service Medicare payments “value-based payments” that will monitor the process of measurable recovery (http://www.hhs.gov/news/press/2015pres/01/20150126a.html).  Ultimately, the design of new payment models for a valued care system will reduce Medicare spending. Describe Medicaid policy in North Carolina that should be amended and Why?In the North Carolina Division of Medical Assistance Enhanced Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services – Medicaid and Health Choice Clinical Coverage Policy No:8-A Amended Date: April 1, 2017, has requirements for and Limitations on Coverage Sec: 5.4 – Service Orders.  This Medicaid Service policy report that there must be a service order before or on the date of service to receive payment from Medicaid to the provider. It does not matter if the client has a backdated service order, the provider will not receive payment if there is not a service order in place. For example, if the client has a service plan dated for one-year, and the client goes into a substance abuse comprehensive outpatient treatment program a day after the year expired. Medicaid would not cover the outpatient treatment program until the client receives another service order. Still, would not be able to include any of the time before the service order date. Amend – the policy should have a clause reporting that “if” the client has received the same needed treatment within the one-year service order, then Medicaid should honor 72 hours of service. The 72 hour treatment time limit will give the professionals needed time to place another order while the client is being treated.  Without the funding for treatment, the client will be turned away –not receiving help. In the 72 hour time limit the client will receive value-based service while awaiting the decision of Medicaid approval.  In this amendment, there will be the inclusion of a specific department that handles renewal for Medicaid Service orders for the Medicaid and Health Choice Clinical Coverage – Enhanced Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services Department. Describe Stakeholders involved in Medicaid/Medicare health policy in North Carolina and explain their roleThe Stakeholders involvement in North Carolina’s Medicaid and Medicare health policy is to promote critical factors of enhanced care management, adapt the needs of NC’s diverse communities and collaborating with the providers. North Carolina’s Proposal Program design for Medicaid Managed Care in August 2017 report that the stakeholder’s key role is to standardization promoting quality and value as well as implementing the strategy for value-based payment across the board for all providers to utilize (https://files.nc.gov/ncdhhs/documents/files/MedicaidManagedCare_ProposedProgramDesign_REVFINAL_20170808.pdf).

Colleague 3

You are correct in identifying patients as stakeholders, some of the most important ones in my opinion.  However, there are many reasons why certain groups may feel like they have no voice in the process and can’t influence decision-makers; talk more about why disenfranchised groups who have a stake in healthcare policy often don’t provide input or, as you suggest, even vote.

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Required Resources

Text

Bustillos, D., & Vellek, S. (2019). Health care ethics and medical law . Retrieved from https://content.ashford.edu

· Chapter 1: The Evolution of Health Care Ethics: Overview, Theories, and Ethics

· Chapter 2: Patient Bill of Rights & Informed Consent

· Chapter 3: Moral Identity: Code of Ethics and Institutional Ethics Structures

Articles

Longo, D. L., & Grady, C. (2015). Enduring and emerging challenges of informed consent. The New England Journal of Medicine, 372(9), 855–862. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1411250

· The full-text version of this article is available through the ProQuest database in the Ashford University Library. This article provides a summary of emerging standards for informed consent as the underpinning of ethical research in humans. This article will assist you in your Informed Consent Form quiz this week.

Low, J.A., & Ho, E. (2017). Managing ethical dilemmas in end-stage neurodegenerative diseases (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.. Geriatrics, 2(1), 8–15. doi:10.3390/geriatrics2010008

· The full-text version of this article is available in the online classroom. This article provides information about approaches to ethical decision-making. Topics discussed within the article include mental capacity and decision-making capability, advance care planning, withholding and/or withdrawing treatment, food refusal, the do-not-resuscitate order, and euthanasia. This article will assist you with your Ethical Concerns and Considerations discussion this week. Accessibility Statement does not exist. Privacy Policy (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.

Spatz, E. S., Krumholz, H. M., & Moulton, B. W. (2016). The new era of informed consent: Getting to a reasonable-patient standard through shared decision making (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.. JAMA, 315(19), 2063–2064. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.3070

· The full-text version of this article is available through the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) database in the Ashford University Library. This article provides information about the right of patients to be informed about care decisions in clinical practice, policy initiatives to advance informed consent, and the opportunities for revitalizing patient standards for informed consent. This article will assist you in your Informed Consent Form quiz this week.

Web Page

Yale Interdisciplinary Center for Bioethics. (n.d.). IRB case studies (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.. Retrieved from https://bioethics.yale.edu/research/irb-case-studies

· This web page provides several IRB cases in research ethics and will assist you with your Ethical Concerns and Considerations discussion. Accessibility Statement (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. Privacy Policy (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.

Recommended Resources

Articles

Butler, M. (2016). Release or not? Patients’ rights to health records becoming increasingly complex (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.. Journal of AHIMA, 87(4), 14–19. Retrieved from http://bok.ahima.org/doc?oid=301405#.W47NkZMnbct

· This article provides a scenario that addresses the complexities of patients’ rights to health records and may assist you in your Ethical Concerns and Considerations discussion this week. Accessibility Statement does not exist Privacy Policy (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.

Campbell, K., & Parsi, K. (2017). A new age of patient transparency: An organizational framework for informed consent. Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics, 45(1), 60–65. doi:10.1177/1073110517703100

· The full-text version of this article is available through the EBSCOhost database in the Ashford University Library. This article examines relevant historical, legal, and ethical elements within the doctrine of informed consent, as well as the role of healthcare organizations’ obligations to include data to support issues such as population health, health outcomes, and health disparities within the informed consent. This article may assist you in your Informed Consent Form quiz this week.

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Topic 6: Disorder Case Studies 2 Worksheet

Part 1: Case Studies

Directions: Identify the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria that you notice in the case studies below and explain how the client meets the criteria. Include the diagnosis that these symptoms are related to. Your response to each case study should be 50 to 75 words. Include scholarly resources in addition to the textbook when appropriate, a minimum of two should be used in this worksheet.

1. Allyson is a 25-year-old who works from home. She is happy with her work-at-home job, because she prefers not to be around people. She is afraid she will say or do something that is embarrassing. She has seen a therapist who referred her to a psychiatrist who prescribed antianxiety medication. More recently, she has been taking more than prescribed and continues to increase the dose a little each week because she finds that she does not feel as good with less.

[Add your answer here]

2. [Add your answer here]Karen is a 35-year-old wife and mother whose husband has become concerned about her drinking. He has noticed that she always appears to have a drink in hand, and when he asks her about it, she says that it is ginger ale or a coke; however, he believes she is mixing vodka with those drinks. Just recently, she had a DWI, and he confronted her about her drinking, after which she promised that she would stop. However, when she did stop, he noticed that she was constantly worrying, restless, and irritable.

3. [Add your answer here]Mary is a 25-year-old single woman who currently is in a doctoral program. Mary has developed an extreme fear of germs and she is afraid of getting sick. Mary washes her hands 10-20 times per day. There are times when she is late for an appointment due to her needing to ensure that her hands are clean. She cleans her house constantly and often does not have time to complete her studies as a result. She experiences a great deal of anxiety when she is in situations where she is not able to control the environment. Some of her family and friends have commented on her behavior, which she admits to being a bit excessive, but she also states how easy it is to get sick and how many germs are out there.

Part 2: Scenarios

Directions: Provide a 50- to 75-word response to each of the following scenarios. Include scholarly resources in addition to the textbook when appropriate; a minimum of two should be used in this worksheet.

1. [Add your answer here]Imagine that you are working with a client who has been diagnosed with an anxiety disorder. Select an anxiety disorder from the DSM-5 and discuss the approach you would you use for treating this client.

2. Imagine that you are working with a client who has been diagnosed with obsessive compulsive disorder. What approach, such as reality therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, solution-focused therapy, and behavioral therapy, would you use for treating this client?

[Add your answer here]

3. How will you determine if a client is suffering from an anxiety or obsessive compulsive disorder, rather than a substance-induced disorder?

[Add your answer here]

References

© 2017. Grand Canyon University. All Rights Reserved.

© 2017. Grand Canyon University. All Rights Reserved.

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Urban and rural health care organizations throughout the industry are working together to coordinate care for Medicare patients. Accountable Care Organization (ACO) programs were established by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services to help facilitate this cooperation.

Select a type of health care organization that would accept Medicare patients (e.g., family practice, hospital, urgent care, or nursing home).

Write a 700- to 1,050-word executive summary that discusses the purpose of joining an ACO and the funding available through one. Ensure your summary does the following:

• Describe the organization you selected and the general services that would be offered to Medicare patients.
• Describe the types of ACOs recognized by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services.
• Evaluate industry dynamics that would influence your organization’s decision to participate in an ACO.
• Identify the steps needed to participate in an ACO.
• Justify participation in an ACO for your organization.

Cite 3 reputable references to support your assignment (e.g., trade or industry publications, government or agency websites, scholarly works, or other sources of similar quality).

Format your assignment according to APA guidelines.

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