1
Running head: Group Communication and Conflict Management Plan
Group Communication and Conflict Management (GCCM) Plan
UMGC PMAN 638-9040
Project Communication Management
Group: Incommunicado
Nouri Ghazavi
Hitesh Giri
Alyssa Peters
Megan Purdy
Cynthia Saale
Table of Contents Comment by Megan Purdy: We need to add the page numbers for all the sections.
Category
Page
1. Introduction
2. Foundation of Communication
2.1. Mission Statement
2.2. Objectives
3. Team Communication
3.1. Team Members Identification
3.2. Team Goal Setting
3.3. Team Culture and Norms
4. Project Communication Management
4.1. Communication Planning
4.2. Stakeholder Management
4.3. Effective Team Leadership
5. Team Conflict Management Plan
5.1. Team Conflict
5.2. Conflict Categorization
5.3. Conflict Management Strategies
6. Negotiations and Debate
6.1. Manager skills
6.2. Leadership skills
6.3. Negotiation skills
7. Persuasion, and ethics
Document Revisions Log
Table 1
Version control series and notation
Version Number
Date of Issue
Author(s)
Brief Description of Change
1.0
1/31/2021
Megan Purdy
Added Appendix A
1.1
2/3/2021
Alyssa Peters
Added Introduction
1.2
2/10/21
Alyssa Peters
Added Mission statement and Objectives.
1.3
2/19/21
Megan Purdy
Added Negotiation section
1.4
2/19/21
Megan Purdy
Added Leadership Skills section
1.5
2/19/21
Megan Purdy
Added Manager Skills section
1.6
2/19/21
Megan Purdy
Added several citations to reference list.
1.7
2/21/21
Cynthia Saale
Added Project communication management.
1.8
2/21/21
Cynthia Saale
Added Communication Planning.
1.9
2/21/21
Cynthia Saale
Added Stakeholder Management.
1.10
2/21/21
Cynthia Saale
Added Effective Team Leadership.
1.11
2/21/21
Hitesh Giri
Added Team Members Identification
1.12
2/21/21
Hitesh Giri
Added Team Goal Setting
1.13
2/21/21
Hitesh Giri
Added Team Culture and Norms
1.14
2/21/21
Alyssa Peters
Added Foundation of Communication
1.15
2/21/21
Nouri Ghazavi
Added Team Conflict Management Plan
1.16
3/7/21
Megan Purdy
Updated Negotiation, Leadership & Management sections
1.17
3/13/21
Cynthia Saale
Updated Stakeholder management, project communication management section.
1.18
3/14/2021
Hitesh Giri
Updated Team Member Identification and Team Goal Settings
Definitions Comment by Megan Purdy: Do we have any “definitions” that we need to include?
Table 2
Special terms and abbreviations used defined to ease understanding.
Term
Definition
Introduction : Alyssa
Andrew Carnegie once said, “Teamwork is the ability to work together toward a common vision”. A critical part of project management is maintaining effective communication and conflict management plans to ensure efficiencies and positive group performance. Knowing, understanding, and implementing proper procedures throughout a project will help a group reach their goal. This plan aims to provide norms and guidelines for team Incommunicado to follow in order to mitigate miscommunication, ensure proper conflict resolution, and foster optimal group performance. The purpose of the group communication and conflict management (GCCM) Plan is to ensure each class member has the knowledge and expertise to develop a real-world plan (UMGC PMAN 638, 2021). Comment by Megan Purdy: Is this from somewhere? Does it need to have a page or paragraph number? Comment by Alyssa Peters: This comes from the assignments main document. This may need to be cited in a different way.
Foundation of Communication : Alyssa
Transmitting information is essential for a team’s ability to operate. The ability to effectively communicate is imperative for the team to be successful in planning, organizing, and leading projects (Communication in Organizations, n.d.). It is important to understand the skills needed to manage human elements within project management and create a proper plan for members to follow. Team Incommunicado will plan for proper communication throughout the entirety of the semester. Having this foundation will ensure all team members remain active, maintain the flow of information, and increase our communication skills as a team.
Mission Statement: Alyssa
Team Incommunicado’s mission statement is to compile a graduate level GCCM Plan which mitigates miscommunication, ensures proper conflict resolution, and fosters optimal group performance.
Objectives: Alyssa
Objectives provide a blueprint which determines the course of action for the group (Encyclopedia of Management, 2009). The main objective of the PMAN 638 group project is to “compile a group communication and conflict management (GCCM) plan which can be used by the group to improve effectiveness when working together on projects within a virtual setting” (UMGC PMAN 638, 2021). The team will ensure this plan will be a “how-to” action plan and not a research paper. This document will be compiled throughout the semester with input from all members of the group. Comment by Megan Purdy: Should this have a page or paragraph number at the end of the citation?
Team Communication: Hitesh
According to PMBOK (2017) Communication is a method of how information can be sent or received via meetings, presentations, emails, and documentation. The Project Manager Megan will host a bi-weekly WhatsApp teleconference on Wednesday’s at 6 pm EST and Sunday’s at 5 pm EST with the team. Team Incommunicado will discuss the project’s status, discuss any issues, and review the project timeline and deliverables. The team will also communicate via emails and texts on WhatsApp. The weekly meeting is where most of the team’s decisions will be made, and all the team members are expected to participate actively. Comment by Megan Purdy: I believe it should be According to PMBOK (2017)….. and then at the end of documentation, it should say (p.361).
Team Members Identification: Hitesh
Team Incommunicado team members consist of Nouri, Hitesh, Alyssa, Megan, and Cynthia, who will be collaborating over the semester through several deliverables. The below table contains team members roles and contact information which will be used for communication between team members. Comment by Megan Purdy: Make sure the names are in order with the first page of the paper. Just so its consistent.
Name Comment by Megan Purdy: I feel like we need a “Leader” also. It would be nice to include a POC in the leadership section at the bottom.
Email
Time zone
Role
Nouri Ghazavi
nouri31@gmail.com
EST
Team Member
Hitesh Giri Comment by Megan Purdy: Should Alyssa also have the Editor role listed? Comment by Hitesh Giri: Updated Alyssa’s role to Quality Manager
hiteshgiri@hotmail.com
EST
Team Member
Alyssa Peters
alyssa922@gmail.com
EST
Quality Manager
Megan Purdy
meganpurdy45@hotmail.com
EST
Project Manager
Cynthia Saale
saalecynthia@yahoo.com
CST
Team Member
Team Goal Setting: Hitesh
Team Incommunicado’s main goal is to design an action plan that will resolve issues related to conflicts and communication that might arise within the group. This plan will help identify potential problems during the project and help understand and suggest the best resolution.
Team Culture and Norms: Hitesh All members of Team Incommunicado should comply with listening effectively, address questions, respond to situations, assist in resolving conflict and motivate the team.
The fundamental team norms include:
· All the team will share the mission and expectations. Comment by Megan Purdy: Make sure this is all consistent. Either have it say “All team members” or “the team” or erase both of them and just put the actual items
· All members of the team will develop policies and procedures.
· All team members will actively listen to the suggestions and viewpoints of the other members.
· All team members will respect each other.
· All team members will adhere to the confidentiality agreement and trust that the discussed items are confidential.
· All feedback and criticism will be dealt with in a professional manner.
· The team will meet twice a week to discuss the project status and follow up on the edits required on the document as per the feedback and comments. Comment by Megan Purdy: I would put if needed,…
· The team will use Microsoft OneDrive for document management.
· The team will use WhatsApp for the meeting and communication.
· All team members will be responsible and accountable for the tasks assigned to them.
Project Communication Management: Cynthia
Team Incommunicado project communication strategy would be positioned in place and followed for the project’s duration to promote reliable communication and distribution of information during an attempt to execute a project (Samáková et al., 2017, pp. 51-62). Communication is crucial to this project’s success, and that achievement can be accomplished more effectively with the following steps, resources, strategies, and methods defined. Comment by Megan Purdy: Does this have a page or paragraph number? Comment by Hitesh Giri: APA 7 intext for multiple pages is (Author, Year, pp. 11-12)
The first step of contact would be in writing to be transmitted through email. This communication will alert all project stakeholders and project team members to move forward (Muszyńska, 2016. pp. 1179-1188). The second contact phase would be from the members of the project team to the project manager. The core details behind the possible ideas for enhancing the project outcome will be detailed in this communication. Step three will include the HR department and project manager. In addition to insurance options and the organization’s policies concerning the project, they will have gathered the details previously given (Muszyńska, 2016, pp.1179-1188). This information will be forwarded for review and approval to the executive stakeholders to move forward. A status update will again be sent out following acceptance or rejection. The final step of contact will be geared towards the investigator’s personnel who will use the software. To get the process going, they will be presented with an information packet outlining what information they need to provide (Muszyńska, 2016. pp. 1179-1188). A quarterly report from the project manager to the executive stakeholders will also be included in this final process, outlining all the relevant details, such as savings given to the organization and changes in investigation numbers. Comment by Megan Purdy: Does this have a page or paragraph number? Comment by Hitesh Giri: APA 7 intext for multiple pages is (Author, Year, pp. 11-12) https://sheridancollege.libguides.com/apa/pagenumbers Comment by Megan Purdy: Does this have a page or paragraph number? Comment by Hitesh Giri: APA 7 intext for multiple pages is (Author, Year, pp. 11-12) Comment by Megan Purdy: Page or paragraph number?
Communication Planning: Cynthia Comment by Megan Purdy: Not sure about this section. We need to discuss.
Communications management for Team Incommunicado is about keeping everybody in the loop. The first step in defining communication plan is figuring out what kind of communication your stakeholders need from the project so they can make good decisions. This is called the communications requirements analysis. Communications technology has a major impact on how you keep people in the loop. Methods of communicating can take many forms, such as written reports, conversations, email, formal status reports, meetings, online databases, online schedules, and project websites.
To create a communication plan, Team Incommunicado must clearly identify the following:
· Identifying required stakeholders needed this action will improve team members collaboration.
· It is very important for Team Incommunicado to Identify stakeholder expectations.
· Team Incommunicado must Identify communication needed to satisfy stakeholder expectations and keep them informed.
· The timing or frequency of Team Incommunicado communication messages is key to its success.
· Identify how the message will be communicated.
· Clearly identify who will communication each message.
· Documentation of items – templates, formats, or documents the project must use for communicating is also very important.
Stakeholder Management: Cynthia
Stakeholder Management involves the procedures necessary to recognize individuals, groups, and organizations that may influence or be influenced by the project and to analyze stakeholder expectations and their effects on the project. Team Incommunicado stakeholder’s management plan entails appropriate strategies and methods for effective stakeholder engagement and participation (de Oliveira & Rabechini Jr, 2019. pp. 131-144). Incommunicado stakeholder management plan seeks to ensure that stakeholders are actively involved in project decisions and execution over the project’s life cycle to gain project support and anticipate resistance, dispute, or contradictory objectives among the project’s stakeholders. The Stakeholder Management Plan includes several sections: Comment by Megan Purdy: page or paragraph numbers?
· To identify individuals, entities, and organizations by name and title, which significantly impact the project’s course and progress or are significantly influenced by the project.
· By defining the methods and processes to be used. We are achieving the most significant stakeholder support and minimizing opposition. Comment by Alyssa Peters: What is our team’s stakeholder management plan?
· To set the procedures and actions that will be undertaken to carry out the plans expected.
· To describe the strategies used to track stakeholders’ engagement and alert the project team if issues occur.
Effective Team Leadership : Cynthia Comment by Alyssa Peters: We need to make sure we show how is our team going to instate effective leadership
Effective team leadership is not something you can achieve overnight. In fact, it is something you can spend an entire lifetime mastering. The best team leaders know that providing vision and motivation to a team is not something you ever “perfect,” but rather an area for continuous improvement. For leadership to be effective in Team Incommunicado, the following must be extremely considered:
· Team Incommunicado Leadership Style: This can be achieved by spending a few days mulling these points, talking to people who know you well, and even trying to write down a clear vision of your team leadership style.
· Effective Team Leaders Make Time to Lead: This is very important because without that time investment, you are just not going to have an effective team leadership style.
· Know Your People, this is very important because knowing your team members at Team incommunicado simply means knowing how to select the right person for any given role or project.
· Good Team Leaders Must Communicate amongst each other. There is not anything more critical than being intentional in the way you communicate.
· Team Incommunicado Leaders Must Set Examples. Simply put, as a leader, you must Show them the kind of culture and the kind of values you want them to uphold.
· Effective Team Leaders Delegate. Team incommunicado leadership must learn to share responsibilities with others, and make sure they constantly surround themselves with the skilled and competent.
· Effective Team Leaders Make Decisions
The above mentioned shall help Team Incommunicado improve its Team leadership.
Team Conflict Management Plan: Nouri
Conflict naturally happens when people work together. Conflict can encompass relatively minor issues such as how to achieve a task, or it can be more profound. Conflict of any type can break down trust and communication and foster confusion. Therefore, conflict needs to be nipped in the bud. This includes acknowledging and discussing it. A solution then needs to be agreed to and implemented. Conflict can be damaging if left unresolved. It creates uncertainty, affects morale and undermines the effectiveness of a team. Eventually this can result in a delay, or even failure, to deliver the objectives. There are multiple potential conflict sources, including: limited resources, poorly defined roles, personality conflicts, poor communication, and badly articulated goals. To mitigate conflicts, a GCCM Plan will be implemented. “The term conflict refers to perceived incompatibilities resulting typically from some form of interference or opposition and conflict management is the employment of strategies to correct these perceived differences in a positive manner” (Conflict Management and Negotiation, 2009.) Conflict Management and Negotiation (2009) suggests five potential conflict resolution approaches:
· Avoiding Conflict – conflict avoidance means that problems are not acknowledged or discussed. This approach lacks both assertiveness and cooperation.
· Competing Conflict – this approach emphasizes the interests of one person over the group’s preferences and goals. Frequently, this can be summed up as a win-lose style.
· Accommodating Conflict – this approach hinges on a person being overly obliging. The obliging person sacrifices their own goals and ideas to make the teamwork.
· Compromising Conflict – in this approach, there is an agreement to disagree. Sometimes, this involves agreeing to bargain or make tradeoffs.
· Collaborating Conflict – this stands in almost direct opposition to competing conflict. It a win-win for all stakeholders.
Our goal is to ensure that our group will function appropriately with minimal conflicts. To achieve this, we will adopt various rules and guidelines:
· Team Ground Rules will lay out the guidelines for how team members can support each other and effectively communicate with one another.
· Group Norms refers to informal and often unspoken rules that shape how individuals within a group interact with one another. These norms set behavioral expectations.
· Role Definition refers to what activities group members will be responsible for performing.
· Communication Plan sets out rules and expectations for inter-group communication, it will also address how conflict should be dealt with.
· The Conflict Management Plan will be based on the PMBOK Guide 5th Edition and entails “handling, controlling, and guiding of a conflictual situation to achieve a resolution” (pp. 532).
When conflicts do occur, then our team will embrace the collaborating conflict style. We believe that this approach will most likely end with a successful final project. Another important approach that we will use is the A-E-I-O-U method, first introduced by Jerry Wisinski in 1993 in the book Resolving Conflicts on the Job. The A-E-I-O-U approach means that team members should use below steps:
A – assume team members are motivated by good intentions. E – each member must be able to articulate their own thoughts and feelings. I – identify the preferred outcomes. Not all outcomes are created equally. O – open-mindedness is essential. Show an open attitude that focuses on achieving the group’s goals. U – understand the solution and commit to it.
Respect is essential for group functioning. Team members also need to listen and be open. Transparency and trust and support are also essential. Group members need keep in mind that this is a group activity, not a “me” or “I” one. Team members should also be participatory. If these values are not kept in mind, then solutions may be impossible to achieve. The group should focus on the common good and remember that if the project can be successfully completed everyone will be benefitted; both team members and those who will use the final project.
Team Conflict: Nouri
Simply put, conflict references disagreements. In a group setting, conflict may happen when team members have different goals or display different behaviors or ideas. Different viewpoints may lead to an escalation that ultimately ends with conflict. Conflict makes many people uncomfortable and some people ignore this discomfort, others complain about it or assign blame. But, even with this discomfort, it is important to address conflict in a timely manner. It can be easier to deal with conflict if you understand that people come to the group with varied viewpoints. The first step in resolving a conflict is to acknowledge it. You can then begin discussions about its potential impact and agree to cooperate. Even though conflict is upsetting, it is also, in many ways, inevitable. However, steps can be taken to reduce the likelihood of conflict. For example, a project plan and roles should be articulated. There are multiple steps that can be taken to resolve these conflicts, such as: avoidance, accommodation, reconciliation, discussions (direct), and collaboration. Not all of these approaches are ideal. Some can result in a win-lose outcome. All team members need to be involved in discussions related to mitigating conflict. Ultimately, projects succeed or fail depending on the success of conflict resolution and the ability of team members to clearly articulate expectations. Communication is vital.
Conflict Categorization: Nouri
The three conflict types highlighted below disrupt team performance and create a sense of dissatisfaction. However, conflict is not necessarily detrimental in most situation. Conflict may boost team performance by encouraging people to share divergent opinions. This is especially true if the conflict stays away from relationship conflicts.
· Relationship Conflict: conflicts happen between stakeholders. These personality clashes are personal and take attention away from the project and its goals.
· Task conflict: this is a different type of conflict, based on goal differences.
· Process conflict: teams follow processes and procedures to reach a goal. But, disputes often happen around these processes and procedures. Sometimes, these conflicts are about things like resource allocation. They may also be about how au1thority is divvied up.
Conflict Management Strategies: Nouri
Even though conflict can be stressful, it is also normal. It happens in almost any situation in which more than one person is working on a project. There are multiple ways to address this conflict. Some methods are ineffective Band-Aids. On the other hand, other approaches may be more effective and stimulate reflection, respect, and enhanced understanding. An ineffective way to deal with conflict is via avoidance. Avoidance means not only addressing the conflict, it also means not exploring what is at the heart of the conflict. Even though it is damaging, it is an approach that is commonly used. And, it may be even more common in certain cultures. Saving face (personally) or detracting face (from an opponent) is another unhealthy approach to conflict resolution. “Face-detracting strategies often produce a defensive communication climate, inhibit listening, and allow for little room for collaboration” (Lardbucket, 2012).
On the other hand, conflict can also be addressed by embracing empathy and more specifically, empathetic listening. Empathetic listening means to actively listen for both direct and indirect cues to learn more about the conflict. Conflict resolution can also be achieved positively by managing emotions. Anger gets in the way of solutions. Therefore, take a breath and count to ten. This allows you to focus on the logic of a situation, rather than the emotions.
Negotiations and Debate: Megan
Manager skills: Megan
Managers are needed in every group and project. Team Incommunicado Project Manager is Megan. Megan is responsible for managing the team resources to include the group members and tasks.
Coordinating and facilitating the weekly meetings is a primary responsibility of the Project Manager. The PM needs to ensure the meetings are handled with kindness and respected, stay on task, are orderly, and problems are resolved in a timely manner.
As managers are task oriented, they tend to focus on checking off their must-do list. Managers focus on setting, measuring, and achieving their goals. The number one goal of a PM is to ensure all tasks are complete. A PM will do everything they can to accurately and successfully accomplish their goals even if it means helping with other team members’ tasks if needed. For instance, if a team member is falling behind on their assigned tasks and/or is not completing it to the assigned standards, the PM will work to help the team member. If the team member is still not meeting assigned standards, the PM can either delegate the task(s) to another team member or work on the task themselves.
Managers focus on refining processes to ensure a successful project. If a process is not adequate, managers focus on altering the current process to make it suitable. Being risky is not a skill that many managers follow. Managers tend to work to minimize risks and not create new ones. When risks or problems do arise, managers are quick to try to find a solution to them.
Leadership skills: Megan
Kaliski & Haynes (2007) stated that “leadership is the process of guiding the behavior of others toward an organization’s goal” (para. 1). Leaders aim to see their employees succeed. A great leader must be very intelligent as they are responsible for leading the team to a successful project/outcome. Being intelligent means the leader must have “general mental ability, be able to control their own emotions and understand other people’s emotions, their internal motivation, and their social skills” (Chapter 10 Leading People and Organizations, n.d., para. 5).
Leaders must have high self-esteem in order to effectively lead a team. “The degree to which people are at peace with themselves and have an overall positive assessment of their self-worth and capabilities seems to be relevant to whether they will be viewed as leader” (Chapter 10 Leading People and Organizations, n.d., para. 9). Group members can sense when a person is not confident in themselves or their abilities to do a job. When someone else senses this lack of confidence, they tend to not ask for their opinion or take their expertise.
Providing mentorship to others is a skill that team leaders like to embrace. Team leaders will share their experiences and expertise with other team members, not to show that they are better or smarter than others, but instead, they like to help others and help them succeed. According to Mentor Loop, “Leadership mentoring enables mentees to see what great leadership looks like, as the mentor is technically leading them; using soft leadership skills to effectively communicate; leadership skills to encourage them and drive them forward; and hard leadership skills to hold them accountability for real progress” (Lloyd, 2020, para. 7). Mentoring can teach the other group members valuable knowledge and expertise.
Encouraging and motivating group members is another great leadership skill. When a group member is feeling down or like they want to give up, the leader should be the person to step in and encourage the group member to keep going and that they are almost at the finish line. Leaders encourage their group members to shoot for the stars and to not give up. A leader is not one to hold the group member back – instead, the leader encourages them to keep going.
The leader gives praise to their group members. The leader should not put down their group members, instead they should focus on giving praise when it is earned. If a group member does an exceptional job on a task, the leader should praise that group member and show them that it was appreciated. Group members don’t need to hear praise over every task that has been complete, however; receiving praise occasionally always ensures everyone is happy and motivated to continue to provide excellent work.
Negotiation skills: Megan
Negotiation is the process between two or more conflicting parties to reach an agreement. As negotiations are common among groups, it is important for our group to know how to negotiate properly. Negotiating should not be an unfair transaction, instead both parties should choose to be fair and honest. No one will want to work with someone if they are always trying get the upper hand, be unfair, and make dishonest decisions. Once someone has been treated badly once by someone, generally, they are weary to work with them again.
It’s important for all our group members to let go of our egos as negotiations should be fair deals and not one-sided. Both parties need to feel comfortable with the decision. Being emotional can come in the way of negotiations. It is important for everyone to leave their emotions out of the negotiating room as a level head is the best. It is also important for everyone to leave past negative experiences out of current negotiations. Yes, a bad deal can leave a bad taste in one’s mouth, but it is important to remember that was in the past, not currently and not in the future.
Negotiations with group members from different cultural backgrounds should be handled differently than negotiations with individuals with the same culture. When negotiating with team members from different cultures, it is important to understand the culture of the individual(s) one is negotiating with. Not understanding cultural differences is a common communication problem across the globe. As each culture has a different tolerance for conflict, it is extremely important to understand each culture before trying to work through issues. Some countries, like Japan and Pakistan, tend to not trust others until a strong relationship is formed. Other countries, like the United States, tend to focus on “getting down to business” rather than forming relationships. It is extremely important to understand each culture view of when to get to business and how to get to business. In many cultures, handling business incorrectly can be seen as disrespectful and can weaken relationships and business transactions.
It is important to note that when dealing with negotiations, once an offer has been made, the offer should not instantly be accepted. Offers need to be investigated thoroughly and determined if they will be adequate. It’s important to remember that an offer may only come once, so knowing when to accept is important.
Persuasion, and ethics:
Appendix A
Week #
Reading Assignments
Person/Reading
Topics Put in GCCM (section of GCCM)
Justification
2
Team Culture and Norms
Alyssa
3.3
It is important to understand and implement norms for a diverse group
3
Communication Planning
Cynthia
4. Project Communication Management
Communication planning process helps groups clarify exactly who/what they are trying to reach and why.
4
Leadership and Motivation
Cynthia
3.2
4.3
6.2
Leadership is important to keep group members motivated and on task
5
Conflict and Conflict Management
Nouri
5. Team Conflict Management Plan
As conflicts occur every day, the team needs to understand how to manage differences.
6
Decision Making and Problem Solving
Nouri
5.3
All projects require decisions to be made, thus understanding how to make decisions is important.
7
Argumentation and Negotiation
Megan
6
Teams need to learn how to handle arguments and negotiations.
8
Basic Negotiation
Megan
6
Negotiations are a normal part of communication and conflict management.
9
Communication Management and Interpersonal Skill
Hitesh
3, 4
Communication maximizes success and minimizes risk. Interpersonal skills help collaborate and communicate well with the team to achieve shared goals.
10
Technology and Group Communication
Hitesh
3
Technologies for group communication and collaboration allow teams to communicate no matter where the team members are located.
11
Power, Persuasion, and Ethics
Alyssa
7
Understanding how to handle ethics, power, and persuasion is important in all projects.
References Comment by Hitesh Giri: APA 7 https://www.easybib.com/guides/citation-guides/apa-format/apa-7-vs-apa-6/
Chapter 10 Leading People and Organizations. Leading People and Organizations. https://saylordotorg.github.io/text_principles-of-management-v1.1/s14-leading-people-and-organizatio.html.
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de Oliveira, G. F., & Rabechini Jr, R. (2019). Stakeholder management influence on trust in a project: A quantitative study. International Journal of Project Management, 37(1), 131-144. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0263786318301091
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Kaliski, B. S., & Haynes, T. (2007). Management/Leadership Styles. In Encyclopedia of business and finance (2nd ed., Vol. 2, pp. 477–482). Gale. https://doi.org/https://go-gale-com.ezproxy.umgc.edu/ps/i.do?p=GVRL&u=umd_umuc&id=GALE|CX1552100206&v=2.1&it=r&sid=GVRL&asid=f19427b5
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Lloyd, L. (2020, February 28). Leadership mentoring: The key to developing and cultivating effective leaders. Mentorloop Mentoring Software. https://mentorloop.com/blog/leadership-mentoring-effective-leaders/.
Muszyńska, K. (2016, September). Project communication management patterns. In 2016 Federated Conference on Computer Science and Information Systems (FedCSIS) (pp. 1179-1188). IEEE. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/7733398/
Problem Solving and Decision Making in Groups. (2012, December 29). https://2012books.lardbucket.org/books/a-primer-on-communication-studies/s14-03-problem-solving-and-decision-m.html. Comment by Megan Purdy: This needs to be in alphabetical order
Project Management Institute. (2017). A guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK guide) (6th ed.). Project Management Institute.
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Samáková, J., Babčanová, D., Hrablikchovanová, H., Mesárošová, J., & Šujanová, J. (2017). Using the communication methods, tools, and support during project communication management in industrial manufacturing enterprises. Research Papers Faculty of Materials Science and Technology the Slovak University of Technology, 25(41), 51-62. https://content.sciendo.com/view/journals/rput/25/41/article-p51.xml Comment by Hitesh Giri: APA 7 compliance needed
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