Final Project

For your Final Project, you will write a 8- to 10-page theory paper that articulates your theoretical orientation toward working with couples and families.

Your paper must include the following elements that evolve from your personal theoretical orientation:

  • The basic view of human nature as seen through your theoretical lens
  • Key factors that account for changes in behavior
  • An explanation of how intervention strategies are designed within this theoretical orientation
  • An explanation of how your theory conceptualizes mental health
  • Key factors that contribute to healthy family/couple relationships
  • A description of the skills necessary within this theoretical orientation to meet the agreed upon goals and outcomes for couples and families
  • The nature of the practitioner-client relationship and its relative importance
  • An explanation of the evidence to support your theoretical orientation as an appropriate intervention for couples and families in need.

You are asked to write an 8-10 page paper, discussing your theoretical orientation towards working with couples and families.

First, you are asked to articulate the view about human nature from your theoretical orientation. In Narrative Therapy, the view of human nature might be that we all would benefit from telling our stories. In Solution Focused Therapy, the view on human nature might be that our issues get solved by imagining a solution. In cognitive-behavioral therrapy, the view of human nature is that we are prone to erroneous thinking

Next, you will write about how intervention strategies are designed within your theoretical orientation, In CBT, an intervention aimed at changing a maladaptive thought might question or challenge a thought or feeling that is believed to be not constructive.

Next you will explain how your theoretical orientation defines mental health. In Modern Psychoanalysis, my theoretical orientation, a person is deemed healthy when that person can spontaneously feel the full range of feelings, without the need to employ defense mechanisms to deflect from experiencing them. In CBT, a person might be deemed healthy when maladaptive thoughts no longer have such a strong pull on the direction of their functioning.

Next, you will think about what are the key factors that define healthy family and couple functioning. You might want to look at Gottman Theory for an example of a theoretician who actually defined healthy couple and family functioning, as most theorists tend to focus on what is wrong with functioning. Bowen Theory also looks at healthy dynamics of a couple and family in clear detail, looking for differentiation in communication. In Modern Psychoanalysis, which is not a theory designed for couples and families, I would say that we look for members of couples displaying the ability to listen to each other and be supportive, allowing each person to express as many feelings as necessary to maintain communication. The standard for healthy communication in families is different from the standard of expression measured in individual treatment.

Next you will discuss the skills necessary for couples and families to achieve their goals. This is not a clear prompt, as I am unsure if the prompt would like therapist skills or client skills. I would prefer that you write about the therapeutic skills that you would need as a clinician in order to create the necessary therapeutic environment for your clients.

Next you will write about the importance of the relationship between therapist and clients in your theoretical orientation. In Gottman therapy, for example, there is a strong position that the therapist should be there to facilitate, not to create a dependency. In Solution Focused Therapy, the therapist is there to create a different way of conceptualizing issues, introducing hope. in Modern Psychoanalysis, a therapist works towards establishing a long-term relationship that allows careful examination and exploration of all facets of the couple or family dynamic, which is different from many of the methods studied this term. For example EFT is a method that is designed to be short and fleeting.

Next you will gather evidence for your theoretical position. Evidence can be acquired through single case studies or through randomized controlled trials. Generally, if a paper has been published about a specific theoretical orientation or method in a peer-reviewed journal, that qualifies as evidence.

Required Readings

Larner, G., Strong, T., & Busch, R. (2013). Family Therapy & the Spectre of DSM-5. Australian & New Zealand Journal Of Family Therapy, 34(2), 87-89.

Lebow, J. L. (2013). Editorial: DSM-V and family therapy. Family Process, 52(2), 155–160.

Strong, T., & Busch, R. (2013). DSM-5 and Evidence- Based Family Therapy?. Australian & New Zealand Journal Of Family Therapy, 34(2), 90-103.

 
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How Do Political Elites Use Social Media Platforms To Gain Power Over People? And What Is The Relationship Between Democracy, Public Culture And Media?

OBJECTIVE 

  1. Through application and critical thinking, demonstrates understanding of 6 references
  2. Comprehension and application of key concepts, empirical examples and theories

PROMPT 

How do political elites use social media platforms to gain power over people? And what is the relationship between democracy, public culture and media?

TOPIC – 

Social Media & Public Sphere: The impact of new media technologies on democracy

RESEARCH QUESTION 

What was the impact of Donald Trump’s use of new media technologies during the 2016 presidential election? Specifically focusing on the contribution of Twitter and the controversial far-right online news platform, Brietbart, as a political weapon to gaining power and influencing public discourse.

WORD LIMIT: minimum 1500- Max 2000 (8 pages MAX)

**NOTE*** I’ve uploaded a rough draft with a working thesis and some main ideas/ possible arguments noted  by all scholars referenced along with page numbers  if it helps.

REFERENCES 

  1. Michael Meyer-Resende, Social Media & Election Democracy Observation 
  2. Peter DreierAgenda setting, Framing & Opinion Entrepreneurs (ACORN)
  3. Inderjeet Parmar, The Legitimacy Crisis of U.S. Elite & the Rise of Donald Trump
  4. Joshua A. Tucker, From Liberation to Turmoil- Social Media & Democracy 
  5. Croteau-Hoynes, Objectivity News 
  6. Peter Dahlgren, The Internet, Public Spheres, & Political Communication 
  7. Ralph Schroeder, Digital Media & the Rise of Right-Wing Populism 
  8. John Street, 6 Conglomerate Control:Media Moguls and Media Power

** IMPORTANT **  specifically focus on showing an understanding of the main ideas, concepts and/or theories expressed by the last 4 scholars- Hoynes, Dahlgren, Schroeder & Street

Response Structure:

  1. IntroductionBriefly introduce your thesis originating in your research question and topic. Tell the reader why this topic is important to research question and thesis
  2. Bodywill provide a critical analysis of your research topic. Some background information and the context of the research topic is also useful. This usually means a historical and political context of the research topic. You should integrate contributions of scholars research from the six sources. Your engagement with six references should be substantive.
  3. Conclusion/ReflectionYou should provide a brief summary of the paper and the ways in which your paper has provided strong evidence supporting your thesis originating in your research question.

NOTE:

– All quotations need page numbers (limit quotations used by paraphrasing). Try not to use many quotes by paraphrasing to show understanding.

– Reference all scholars you have used and  be consistent with your citation style, be it APA and MLA citation style.

CHECKLIST (at the end of writing process) :

  1.  INTRO
  • Does it address the relationship of media to democracy and political culture?
  • Does it show understanding of it? Does it provide an outline of the essay?
  1. STRUCTURE : 
  • Are there clear paragraphs?
  • Does each paragraph address a specific point?
  • Does each help to develop a logical argument?
  • Chronologically structured with topic sentences
  1. APPLICATION : theoretical & empirical information
  • Is there a discussion of key concepts and ideas?
  • Are concepts consistent? Are there any misunderstandings of concepts?
  • Are claims supported with appropriate evidence, e.g.?
  • Uses statistical data, quotations (kept to a minimum – paraphrasing mainly), and examples
  1. KNOWLEDGE & COMPREHENSION :
  • Does it show familiarity with key debates/literatures?
  • Clarity of argument
  • Is the argument easy to follow?
  • Are there any contradictions?
  • Are there any irrelevancies?
  1. CONCLUSION :
  • Does it restate the main argument?
  • Does it summarize the key points?
 
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Assignment 2: Process Recordings

A process recording is a written tool used by field education experience students, field instructors, and faculty to examine the dynamics of social work interactions in time. Process recordings can help in developing and refining interviewing and intervention skills. By conceptualizing and organizing ongoing activities with social work clients, you are able to clarify the purpose of interviews and interventions, identify personal and professional strengths and weaknesses, and improve self-awareness. The process recording is also a useful tool in exploring the interpersonal dynamics and values operating between you and the client system through an analysis of filtering the process used in recording a session.

For this Assignment, you will submit a process recording of your field education experiences specific to this week.

Note: You are submitting a written transcript, not an audio or video recording.

The Assignment (2–4 pages):

  • Provide a transcript of what happened during your field education experience, including a dialogue of interaction with a client.
  • Explain your interpretation of what occurred in the dialogue, including social work practice theories, and explain how it might relate to diversity or cultural competence covered this week.
  • Describe your reactions and/or any issues related to your interaction with a client during your field education experience.
  • Explain how you applied social work practice skills when performing the activities during your process recording.

By Day 7

Submit your Assignment

Note: You should also share your process recordings with your field instructor during your individual supervision.

Note: Adherence to confidentiality is required during your process recordings. Do not include real names of clients, supervisors, or social workers with whom you may come into contact during your social work field education experience. Omit any personal identifiers when detailing the interaction with your social work clients.

My internship jasmine trangucci-clinical social worker in private practice

Required Readings

Ganzer, C. (2007). The use of self from a relational perspective. Clinical Social Work Journal, 35(2), 117–123

Osteen, P. J. (2011). Motivations, values, and conflict resolution: Students’ integration of personal and professional identities. Journal of Social Work Education47(3), 423–444.

Required Media

Laureate Education. (Producer). (2013k). Use of self [Audio file]. Retrieved from https://class.waldenu.edu

Note:  This audio introduction is located in the “Introduction and Objectives” section. The approximate length of this media piece is 1 minute.

using this for case for my process recording

Truth Blair Session Notes March 23, 2021 4:36pm

Client was referred for therapy by her grandmother because her biological mother walked out on her back in October of 2020 and left her with her great-grandmother.  The client’s grandmother was awarded guardianship of her back in October of 2020 by the court. Client grandmother stated that the client needed to speak to someone because she felt that she wasn’t getting through to her.   My observation of the client on first meeting her is that she’s very shy and she took a while to open up to me.The session was started off by me asking the client what was her favorite thing to do, the  client stated that she likes to sing and dance. The client was asked what she looked for in a friend. She said humor. Client stated when she grows up she wants to be an artist  because painting  helps her to relax.   The client was asked about school which she does virtually. She says her favorite thing about school  is writing. The client considered her grandmother to be her hero because her grandmother wants the best for her.  The client mom is not in her life and left the house and didn’t say where she was going. I never came back and the  client felt sad.The client said her mom was going to take her with her but she changed her mind and left her with her great-grandmother back in October  2020.  Client also revealed that she was bullied when she was in second and third grade because she was not tidy . Client also stated before her mom left her mom did not want her to speak to any of her family members including her great-grandmother or grandmother.  Client worried about her mother and wants to know if her mom is okay. Client also revealed that her mom has a male friend and feels that the male friend has her mom caught up in bad things.  Client is  happy being around friends and family. The client likes to watch netflix. Clients get angry when people are mean and being bullied.  Client stated if she had magical powers she would turn all the bad people into good people.  Client is mostly afraid of being abandoned.  Client says the best thing about being her is that she can draw very well.   Client sees herself in the future as being relaxed. Client stresses about not having the answer to everything.  Client was asked if she had $10,000 and how she would spend it. She stated she would spend  $5,000 on the poor and save the rest.  The pandemic made her sad and upset because she couldn’t do fun things. A day in the life of the client is she gets up at 7am and gets ready for Virtual School at 9 a.m.  Client was asked to describe herself as funny, genuine,loud,  playful and kind-hearted.   Client has no problems with school and she would love to go back to school and do normal things with her friends.  Client was asked to name any place in the world she wants to be. She said she would like to be at her grandfather’s house with her cousins. Client favorite sport is basketball. Client was also asked about when she finished high school if she wanted to go to college she wasn’t quite sure if she wanted to go to college. The client likes Kpop music.  Client was asked if she can change one thing about herself. What would it be if she said nothing she’s fine with the way she is.  The client has no problems at home. Client best memory is going to Coney Island.  The client’s worst memory is when her mom beat her because mom thought she stole money.   Client favorite movie is Frozen 2. Client is an only child for her mother and doesn’t know her biological father. Client two closest friends are Alicia and kenzel, her cousin. Client most prized possessions are her paintings that she painted.   Client was asked what she wants to get out of therapy she says comfort.

 
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Advanced Practice Nurses (APNs)

Advanced Practice Nurses (APNs)

Advanced Practice Nurses (APNs) are pivotal players in the ever-evolving landscape of healthcare contributing significantly to patient care, operational efficiency, and nursing research. As healthcare complexities intensify, the roles and impact of APNs become increasingly profound. This paper explores the multifaceted aspects of APNs, exploring their diverse categories, roles, responsibilities, and the legislative frameworks shaping their practice. 

Advanced Practice Nurses (APNs)

Types of Advanced Nurse Practitioners 

There are distinct categories of Advanced Practice Nurses (APNs), each wielding unique skills and expertise. Nurse practitioners (NPs), clinical nurse specialists (CNSs), certified nurse midwives (CNMs), and certified registered nurse anesthetists (CRNAs) collectively form a diverse collection of advanced nursing roles. 

Nurse practitioners, commonly recognized as primary care providers, assume a broad scope of responsibilities. These nurses offer a spectrum of care, from routine check-ups to specialized treatment, often serving as a bridge between patients and physicians. Their capacity to diagnose, prescribe medications, and interpret diagnostic tests positions them as versatile contributors to healthcare delivery. 

Clinical nurse specialists, on the other hand, channel their expertise towards specific patient populations or clinical settings. Focused on expert consultations and education, CNSs play a crucial role in enhancing the quality of care within their specialized domains. Their role extends beyond direct patient care to include education, research, and leadership within their chosen specialty. 

Certified nurse midwives bring a specialized focus to women’s health, particularly during childbirth. With a holistic approach, CNMs offer comprehensive care, including prenatal, postpartum, and gynecological services. Their unique role encompasses not only clinical care but also emphasizes education and advocacy for women’s health issues. 

In the realm of procedural care, certified registered nurse anesthetists take center stage. CRNAs specialize in administering anesthesia during medical procedures, ensuring patient comfort and safety. Their critical role in surgical and obstetric settings highlights the specialized skills they bring to the healthcare team, contributing to the seamless execution of various medical interventions. 

Understanding the roles and responsibilities of each APN category is crucial, as it allows for a nuanced appreciation of their collective impact on healthcare. Moreover, the scope of practice for these categories is not uniform and is often influenced by state regulations, underscoring the need for a comprehensive understanding of the legal frameworks guiding their practice. 

In navigating the diverse roles of APNs, it becomes evident that their collective expertise addresses a spectrum of healthcare needs. The subsequent exploration of their roles, responsibilities, and the legislative parameters shaping their practice will unveil the intricate dynamics that define the contribution of APNs to the contemporary healthcare landscape. 

Roles and Responsibilities, Scope of Practice, and Legislations Governing Their Practice 

Understanding the roles, responsibilities, scope of practice, and the legislative frameworks governing Advanced Practice Nurses (APNs) is fundamental to appreciating the depth of their contributions to healthcare. Nurse Practitioners (NPs) roles encompass a broad spectrum, from delivering primary care to specialized treatments. They diagnose illnesses, prescribe medications, and interpret diagnostic tests. NPs often serve as key coordinators of patient care, facilitating seamless collaboration with other healthcare professionals. The scope of their practice varies across states, reflecting the diversity in healthcare regulations. 

Clinical Nurse Specialists (CNSs), in contrast, direct their expertise towards specific patient populations or clinical settings. Their roles extend beyond direct patient care to include educational initiatives and expert consultations. CNSs play pivotal roles in shaping nursing practice within their specialty areas. The scope of their influence often spans education, research, and leadership roles, contributing to the advancement of nursing care. 

Certified Nurse Midwives (CNMs) specialize in women’s health, providing comprehensive care throughout the reproductive lifespan. Their responsibilities include prenatal care, assisting with childbirth, and offering gynecological services. Beyond clinical care, CNMs emphasize patient education and advocacy, promoting a holistic approach to women’s health. The scope of their practice encompasses various healthcare settings, from hospitals to clinics. 

In the domain of procedural care, Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists (CRNAs) are central to ensuring patient comfort and safety during medical procedures. Their responsibilities involve administering anesthesia, monitoring patients, and adjusting anesthesia levels as needed. CRNAs play crucial roles in surgical and obstetric settings, contributing to the success of diverse medical interventions. The scope of their practice underscores the specialized skills required for safe and effective anesthesia administration. 

The scope of practice for APNs is not uniform and is subject to state-specific regulations, reflecting the dynamic nature of healthcare governance. Legislative frameworks play a vital role in defining and regulating the roles and responsibilities of APNs. They ensure consistency and accountability in their practice. State Nursing Practice Acts delineate the parameters within which APNs operate, outlining the extent of their authority and the permissible scope of their practice. 

In the United States, legislations governing APN practice vary from state to state. Some states grant full practice authority to NPs, allowing them to practice independently, while others impose collaborative agreements with physicians. These legislative nuances underscore the need for APNs to stay abreast of local regulations, ensuring compliance with legal requirements in their respective practice settings. 

The healthcare regulation requires ongoing advocacy efforts by APNs to advance their scope of practice. Collaborative initiatives, such as the removal of restrictive legislative barriers, empower APNs to fully utilize their skills and contribute effectively to addressing the growing healthcare demands. The roles, responsibilities, scope of practice, and legislations governing APNs reflect the dynamic and diverse nature of their contributions to healthcare. APNs navigate complex regulatory landscapes while delivering high-quality, patient-centered care across a spectrum of healthcare settings. Understanding the APN practice fosters an environment that maximizes their potential and enhances overall healthcare delivery. 

Advanced Practice Nurses (APNs)

Roles of APNs in the US Healthcare System 

Advanced Practice Nurses (APNs) play integral roles in the United States healthcare system, contributing significantly to the delivery of comprehensive and accessible care. APNs serve as key facilitators in addressing the increasing demand for healthcare services. They act as primary care providers, offering a range of services from routine check-ups to specialized treatments. The collaborative nature of their work with physicians and other healthcare professionals ensures a holistic approach to patient care, fostering an environment that emphasizes preventive care and health promotion. 

In many instances, APNs operate in underserved areas, enhancing access to care for populations that may face geographical or socioeconomic barriers. This strategic placement helps bridge gaps in healthcare delivery, ensuring that a diverse array of patients receive timely and quality care. Their role as primary care providers not only addresses immediate healthcare needs but also contributes to long-term community health. 

Furthermore, APNs often engage in collaborative practices within healthcare teams, demonstrating their ability to work alongside physicians, nurses, and other professionals. This collaborative approach ensures that patients benefit from the combined expertise of a diverse healthcare team, leading to improved overall healthcare outcomes. This teamwork reflects the evolving dynamics of the healthcare system, emphasizing the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration. 

APNs also contribute to operational efficiency within healthcare institutions. Their advanced training enables them to diagnose and treat a variety of medical conditions, reducing the need for referrals to specialty providers. This efficiency not only streamlines the healthcare delivery process but also contributes to cost-effective care. By efficiently managing patient caseloads and addressing a spectrum of health concerns, APNs play a pivotal role in optimizing the use of healthcare resources. 

In addition to their roles in direct patient care, APNs often take on leadership and educational responsibilities. Many assume roles in academia, shaping the next generation of nurses and healthcare professionals. This dual focus on patient care and education contributes to the ongoing improvement of healthcare practices and ensures a pipeline of well-prepared professionals entering the field. 

Moreover, APNs actively participate in health policy development and advocacy. Their firsthand experience with patient care equips them with unique insights into the needs of both patients and healthcare providers. Through involvement in policy discussions, APNs contribute valuable perspectives that help shape healthcare regulations and guidelines. This advocacy not only advances the interests of APNs but also promotes policies that enhance the overall effectiveness and efficiency of the healthcare system. 

As the US healthcare system continues to evolve, the roles of APNs are becoming increasingly pivotal. Their adaptability, advanced training, and commitment to patient-centered care position them as essential contributors to the ongoing transformation of healthcare delivery. Recognizing and maximizing the diverse roles of APNs is essential for achieving a healthcare system that is responsive, efficient, and focused on improving the health and well-being of the population. 

How APNs Help Improve Patient Outcomes and Operational Efficiencies 

APNs contribute to improved patient outcomes through their advanced training and skill set. Their ability to diagnose and treat a diverse range of medical conditions allows for quicker and more accurate interventions. This translates to reduced hospitalization rates and better overall health outcomes for patients. The collaborative nature of their work within healthcare teams ensures that patients benefit from a comprehensive and coordinated approach to care. 

Moreover, APNs actively engage in preventive care and health promotion, addressing not only immediate health concerns but also focusing on long-term wellness. This proactive approach contributes to the prevention and management of chronic conditions, ultimately leading to healthier patient populations. By emphasizing preventive measures, APNs play a crucial role in reducing the overall burden on the healthcare system. 

In terms of operational efficiencies, APNs streamline healthcare delivery by optimizing the use of resources. Their ability to manage a broad spectrum of health issues reduces the need for referrals to specialty providers, leading to more efficient and cost-effective care. This not only benefits patients but also contributes to the effective utilization of healthcare resources, ensuring that services are provided in a timely and economically sustainable manner. 

Furthermore, APNs often take on leadership roles within healthcare teams, leveraging their expertise to enhance team dynamics and operational effectiveness. Their contributions go beyond direct patient care, encompassing responsibilities such as care coordination, resource allocation, and quality improvement initiatives. This multifaceted involvement underscores the role of APNs in driving operational excellence within healthcare institutions. 

The adaptability of APNs is particularly evident in their ability to navigate evolving healthcare models. As healthcare systems transition towards more collaborative and team-based approaches, APNs are well-positioned to contribute to these models. Their versatility in assuming various roles within healthcare teams supports the seamless integration of services and fosters an environment conducive to improved patient outcomes and operational efficiencies. 

Advanced Practice Nurses (APNs)

How APNs Support Nursing Research 

APNs actively engage in research activities, collaborating with interdisciplinary teams to investigate clinical questions and enhance healthcare practices. Their direct interaction with patients allows them to recognize gaps in current practices, paving the way for targeted research initiatives. 

Furthermore, APNs serve as advocates for evidence-based practice, promoting the integration of the latest research findings into routine care. Their commitment to staying informed about evolving research ensures that patient care remains aligned with the most current and effective interventions. 

By bridging the gap between research and practice, APNs contribute to the ongoing improvement of healthcare outcomes. Their involvement in nursing research reflects a dedication to evidence-based care, fostering a culture of continuous learning and refinement within the nursing profession. 

Why APNs Should Embrace Evidence-Based Practice 

Evidence-based practice integrates the best available evidence, clinical expertise, and patient preferences, forming a robust foundation for informed decision-making. The adoption of evidence-based practice enhances the quality and safety of patient care. By basing clinical decisions on well-established evidence, APNs can provide interventions that are proven to be effective, minimizing the risk of adverse outcomes. This approach fosters a culture of patient-centered care, aligning interventions with the unique needs and preferences of individual patients. 

Furthermore, embracing evidence-based practice is essential for maintaining professional competence with all these constant advancements in medical knowledge and technologies. APNs who engage with current research findings are better equipped to navigate these changes, ensuring that their practice remains at the forefront of healthcare innovation. This commitment to ongoing learning is vital for the provision of high-quality, up-to-date care. 

In addition, evidence-based practice serves as a mechanism for optimizing healthcare resources. By utilizing interventions with proven efficacy, APNs can contribute to more efficient and cost-effective healthcare delivery. This not only benefits individual patients but also supports the broader goal of achieving sustainable and equitable healthcare systems. 

Moreover, the integration of evidence-based practice enhances interprofessional collaboration. When APNs incorporate the latest research findings into their practice, they contribute valuable insights to healthcare teams. This collaborative approach fosters a culture of mutual respect and shared decision-making, leading to more comprehensive and effective patient care. 

APNs, as advocates for the well-being of their patients, should recognize that evidence-based practice is not a static concept but an ongoing process of inquiry and refinement. Staying abreast of current research findings allows APNs to critically evaluate the evidence and adapt their practice in response to emerging knowledge. This dynamic engagement with evidence contributes to the continuous improvement of patient care outcomes. 

The Future of APNs 

The demand for APNs is expected to rise significantly. With a growing emphasis on team-based and collaborative care models, the versatile skill set of APNs positions them as integral members of healthcare teams. Their ability to provide holistic, patient-centered care aligns with the evolving priorities of the healthcare system. 

Moreover, the increased recognition of the unique contributions of APNs is likely to result in expanded scopes of practice. Advocacy efforts by APNs, supported by the evolving understanding of their capabilities, may lead to more states granting full practice authority. This empowerment would enable APNs to practice independently, contributing to improved access to care, especially in underserved areas. 

The future also holds opportunities for APNs to actively participate in healthcare policy and system reforms. Their frontline experience equips them with valuable insights into the intricacies of patient care, positioning them as advocates for policies that enhance both patient outcomes and operational efficiency. Active involvement in shaping healthcare policies ensures that the perspectives of APNs are integral to the decision-making processes that define the future of healthcare delivery. 

In the realm of education, APNs are likely to continue shaping the next generation of healthcare professionals. Their dual focus on patient care and education contributes to the development of a well-prepared workforce that can navigate the complexities of modern healthcare. This educational role is crucial for sustaining the profession’s growth and impact in the years to come. 

Technological advancements are also expected to shape the future of APN practice. Telehealth presents opportunities for APNs to extend their reach and provide care beyond traditional settings. Embracing technology enables APNs to engage with patients remotely, contributing to improved access, especially in rural or underserved areas. Furthermore, ongoing professional development will remain a cornerstone of the future for APNs. The dynamic nature of healthcare requires APNs to continually update their knowledge and skills. Engaging in lifelong learning ensures that APNs remain adaptable and responsive to emerging healthcare trends, maintaining the highest standards of care for their patients.  (Advanced Practice Nurses (APNs))

Conclusion 

Advanced Practice Nurses (APNs) play a crucial role in the healthcare field, encompassing diverse categories such as Nurse Practitioners (NPs), Clinical Nurse Specialists (CNSs), Certified Nurse Midwives (CNMs), and Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists (CRNAs). This variety sheds light on their distinct roles and responsibilities, emphasizing their significance in the US healthcare system. APNs serve as primary care providers, educators, and advocates, enhancing patient outcomes through a proactive, collaborative, and patient-centered approach. Their strategic placement in underserved areas addresses healthcare disparities and promotes comprehensive and inclusive healthcare delivery. In the operational realm, APNs act as catalysts for efficiency, optimizing healthcare resources and contributing to cost-effective care. Their leadership roles and educational initiatives foster continuous improvement within healthcare institutions. Commitment to evidence-based practice ensures that patient care aligns with the latest research findings, promoting a culture of informed decision-making and continuous advancement in the nursing profession. The future outlook for APNs is optimistic, anticipating increased demand, expanded scopes of practice, and heightened autonomy. Active participation in healthcare policy, education, and technology integration positions APNs at the forefront of delivering patient-centered and evidence-driven healthcare.

References

American Association of Nurse Practitioners (AANP). (2022). “What is a Nurse Practitioner?”  https://www.aanp.org/about/all-about-nps/what-is-a-nurse-practitioner

National Council of State Boards of Nursing (NCSBN). (2020). “The Future of Nursing 2020-2030: Charting a Path to Achieve Health Equity.”  https://www.ncsbn.org/2020-2030_Future_of_Nursing_Report.pdf

 
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Safety Prgram Mangment

Introduction: What Is Data Analysis?

What is the wealth of the United States? Who’s got it? And howis it changing? What are the consequences of an experimental drug? Does it work, or does it not, or does its effect depend on condi- tions? What is the direction of the stock market? Is there a pattern? What is the historical trend of world climate? Is there evidence of global warming? — This is a diverse lot of questions with a common element: The answers depend, in part, on data. Human beings ask lots of questions and sometimes, particularly in the sciences, facts help. Data analysis is a body of methods that help to describe facts, detect patterns,

develop explanations, and test hypotheses. It is used in all of the sciences. It

is used in business, in administration, and in policy.

The numerical results provided by a data analysis are usually simple: It finds the number that describes a typical value and it finds differences among numbers. Data analysis finds averages, like the average income or the average temperature, and it finds differences like the difference in income from group to group or the differences in average temperature from year to year. Fundamentally, the numerical answers provided by data analysis are that simple.

But data analysis is not about numbers — it uses them. Data analysis is about the world, asking, always asking, “How does it work?” And that’s where data analysis gets tricky.

1

Macintosh HD:DA:DA XI:Volume I:006 Intro (What is the wealth) June 10, 1996

 

 

Introduction to Data analysis: The Rules of Evidence Joel H. Levine

For example: Between 1790 and 1990 the population of the United States increased by 245 million people, from 4 million to 249 million people. Those are the facts. But if I were to interpret those numbers and report that the population grew at an average rate of 1.2 million people per year, 245 million people divided by 200 years, the report would be wrong. The facts would be correct and the arithmetic would be correct — 245 million people divided by 200 years is approximately 1.2 million people per year. But the interpretation “grew at an average rate of 1.2 million people per year” would be wrong, dead wrong. The U.S. population did not grow that way, not even approximately

For example: The average number of students per class at my university is 16. That is a fact. It is also a fact that the average number of classmates a student will find in his or her classes is 37. That too is a fact. The numerical results are correct in both cases, both 16 and 37 are correct even though one number is twice the magnitude of the other — no tricks. But the two different numbers respond to two subtly dif- ferent questions about how the world (my university) works, subtly different questions that lead to large differences in the result.

The tools of the trade for data analysis begin with just two ideas: Writers begin their trade with their A, B, C’s. Musicians begin with their scales. Data analysts begin with lines and tables. The first of these two ideas, the straight line, is the kind of thing I can construct on a graph using a pencil and a ruler, the same idea I can represent algebraically by the equation “y = mx + b”. So, for example, the line constructed on the graph in Figure 1 expresses a hypothetical relation between education, left to right, and income, bottom to top. It says that a person with no education has an income of $10,000 and that the rest of us have an additional $3,000 for each year of education that is completed (a relation that may or may not be true).

2

Macintosh HD:DA:DA IX:Volume I:006 Intro (What is the wealth) March 22, 1997

 

 

Introduction: What is Data Analysis?

Lin e:

Inc om

e = $1

0,0 00

plu s $

3,0 00

pe r y

ear of

Ed uc

ati on

} 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

$10,000

$20,000

$30,000

$40,000

$50,000

$60,000

$70,000

Intercept: b = $10,000

Run of 1 year

Rise of $3,000

Slope: m = $3,000 per year of education

P er

so n

al I

n co

m e

Years of Education Completed

Figure 1 Hypothetical Linear Relation Between Income and Education

The hypothetical line shows an intercept, b, equal to $10,000 and a slope, which is the rise in dollars divided by the run in years, that is equal to $3,0000 per year.

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Wednesday, June 12, 1996 Macintosh HD:DA:DA IX:Volume I:006 Intro (What is the wealth)

 

 

Introduction to Data analysis: The Rules of Evidence Joel H. Levine

This first idea, the straight line, is the best tool that data analysts have for figuring out how things work. The second idea is the table or, more precisely, the “additive model”. The first idea, the line, is reserved for data we can plot on a graph, while this second idea, the additive model, is used for data we organize in tables. For example, the table in Figure 2 represents daily mean temperatures for two cities and two dates: The two rows of the table show mean temperature for the two cities, the two columns show mean temperatures for the two dates.

The additive model analyzes each datum, each of the quantities in the table, into four components — one component applying to the whole table, a second component specific to the row, a third component specific to the column, and a fourth component called a “residual” — a leftover that picks up everything else. In this example the additive model analyzes the temperature in Phoenix in July into

1: 64.5° to establish an average for the whole table, both cities and both dates,

2: plus 7.5° above average for Phoenix, in the first row,

3: plus 21° above average for July, in the second column,

4: plus 1° as a residual to account for the difference between the sum of the first three numbers and the data.

Adding it up,

Observed equals All Effect plus Phoenix Effect plus July Effect plus Residual .

That is,

92° = 64.5° + 21° + 7.5° + 1°

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Macintosh HD:DA:DA IX:Volume I:006 Intro (What is the wealth) March 22, 1997

 

 

Introduction: What is Data Analysis?

Washington, D.C.

Phoenix

January July All Effect

expressed as the average for “all”

cities (both of them) and “all” dates (both

of them)

Row Effects for Cities

expressed in degrees above or below average

52

35 79

°

64.5

+7.5

–7.5

Column Effects for Months

expressed in degrees above or below average

+21 –21

°

° ° °

° °

°

Datum = All Effect + Row Effect + Column Effect + Residual

92 °

° ° ° ° °92 = 64.5 + 7.5 + 21 1+

Figure 2

Normal Daily Mean Temperatures in Degrees Fahrenheit

From the Statistical Abstract of the United States, 1987, Table 346, from the original by the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Climatography of the United States, No. 81, Sept., 1982. Also note John Tukey’s, Exploratory Data Analysis, Addison Wesley, 1970, 0. 333.

5

Wednesday, June 12, 1996 Macintosh HD:DA:DA IX:Volume I:006 Intro (What is the wealth)

 

 

Introduction to Data analysis: The Rules of Evidence Joel H. Levine

There you are, lines and tables: That is data analysis, or at least a good beginning. So what is it that fills up books and fills up the careers of data analysts and statisticians? Things begin to get “interesting”, that is to say, problematical, because even the best- behaved data show variance: Measure a twenty gram weight on a scale, measure it 100 times, and you will get a variety of answers — same weight, same scale, but different answers. Find out the incomes of people who have completed college and you will get a variety of answers. Look at the temperatures in Phoenix in July, and you will get a variety, day to day, season to season, and year to year. Variation forces us to employ considerable care in the use of the linear model and the additive model.

And life gets worse — or more interesting: Truth is that lots of things just are not linear: Adding one more year of elementary school, increasing a person’s years of education from five to six, doesn’t really have the same impact on income as adding one more year of college, increasing a person’s years of education from fifteen to sixteen — while completing a college degree. So the number of dollars gained for each extra year of education, is not constant — which means that, often, the linear model doesn’t work in its simplest form, not even when you allow for variation. And with tables of numbers, the additive model doesn’t always add up to something that is useful.

So what do we do with a difficult problem? This may be the single most important thing we teach in data analysis: Common sense would tell you that what you tackle a difficult problem with a difficult technique. Common sense would also tell you that the best data analyst is the one with the largest collection of difficult “high powered” techniques. But common sense is wrong on both points: In data analysis the real “trick” is to simplify the problem and the best data analyst is the one who gets the job done, and done well, with the most simple methods.

Data analysts do not build more complicated techniques for more complicated problems — not if we can help it. For example, what would we do with the numbers graphed in Figure 3? Here the numbers double at each step, doubling from 1, to 2, to 4, to 8, which is certainly not the pattern of a straight line. In this example the trick is

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Macintosh HD:DA:DA IX:Volume I:006 Intro (What is the wealth) March 22, 1997

 

 

Introduction: What is Data Analysis?

to simplify the problem by using logarithms or the logarithmic graph paper shown in Figure 4 so that, now, we can get the job done with simple methods. Now, on this new graph, the progression, 1, 2, 4, 8,… is a straight line.

• •

x=1, y=1

X Axis

Y Axis

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0

1

2

3

4

5

6

x=2, y=2

x=4, y=8

7

8

• x=3, y=4

x=1, y=1

X Axis

Y Axis

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

1

2

4

8

16

x=3, y=4

x=2, y=2

Logarithmic

Scale

• x=4, y=8

Figure 3 Non-Linear Relation Between X and Y

Figure 4 Non-Linear Exponential Relation Between X and Y Made

Linear Using a Semi-Logarithmic Graph

“Tricks” like this enormously extend the range of things that an experienced data analyst can analyze while staying with the basics of lines and tables. In sociology, which is my field, this means learning to use things like “log people”. In business and economics it means learning to use things like “log dollars”. In biology it means learning to use things like the square root of the number of beasties in a drop of pond water or the cube root of the weight of an organism. Learning what these things mean is perhaps the most time consuming part of an introduction to data analysis. And the payoff is that these techniques extend the ability of simple tools, of the line and the table, to make sense of a complicated world.

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Wednesday, June 12, 1996 Macintosh HD:DA:DA IX:Volume I:006 Intro (What is the wealth)

 

 

Introduction to Data Analysis Joel H. Levine

And what are the Rules of data analysis? Some of the rules are clear and easy to state, but these are rather like the clear and easy rules of writing: Very specific and not very helpful — the equivalent of reminders to dot your “i’s” and cross your “t’s”. The real rules, the important ones, exist but there is no list — only broad strategies with respect to which the tactics must be improvised. Nevertheless it is possible to at least name some of these “rules.” I’ll try the list from different angles. So:

1. Look At the Data / Think About the Data / Think About the Problem / Ask what it is you Want to Know

Think about the data. Think about the problem. Think about what it is you are trying to discover. That would seem obvious, “Think.” But, trust me, it is the most important step and often omitted as if, somehow, human intervention in the processes of science were a threat to its objectivity and to the solidity of the science. But, no, thinking is required: You have to interpret evidence in terms of your experience. You have to evaluate data in terms of your prior expectations (and you had better have some expectations). You have to think about data in terms of concepts and theories, even though the concepts and theories may turn out to be wrong.

2. Estimate the Central Tendency of the Data.

The “central tendency” can be something as simple as an average: The average weight of these people is 150 pounds. Or it can be something more complicated like a rate: The rate of growth of the population is two percent per annum. Or it can be something sophisticated, something based on a theory: The orbit of this planet is an ellipse. And why would you have thought to estimate something as specific as a rate of growth or the trace of an ellipse? Because you thought about the data, about the problem, and about where you were going (Rule 1).

3. Look at the Exceptions to the Central Tendency

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Introduction: What is Data Analysis?

If you’ve measured a median, look at the exceptions that lie above and below the median. If you’ve estimated a rate, look at the data that are not described by the rate. The point is that there is always, or almost always, variation: You may have measured the average but, almost always, some of the cases are not average. You may have measured a rate of change but, almost always, some numbers are large compared to the average rate, some are small. And these exceptions are not usually just the result of embarrassingly human error or regrettable sloppiness: On the contrary, often the exceptions contain information about the process that generated the data. And sometimes they tell you that the original idea (to which the variations are the exception) is wrong, or in need of refinement. So, look at the exceptions which, as you can see, brings us back to rule 1, except that this time the data we look at are the exceptions.

That circle of three rules describes one of the constant practices of analysis, cycling between the central tendencies and the exceptions as you revise the ideas that are guiding your analysis. Trying to describe the Rules from another angle, another theme that organizes the rules of evidence can be introduced by three key words: falsifiability, validity, and parsimony.

1. Falsifiability

Falsifiability requires that there be some sort of evidence which, had it been found, your conclusions would have had to be judged false. Even though it’s your theory and your evidence, it’s up to you to go the additional step and formulate your ideas so they can be tested — and falsified if they are false. More, you yourself have to look for the counter evidence. This is another way to describe one of the previous rules which was “Look at the Exceptions”.

2. Validity

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March 22, 1997 Macintosh HD:DA:DA IX:Volume I:006 Intro (What is the wealth)

 

 

Introduction to Data Analysis Joel H. Levine

Validity in the scientific sense, requires that conclusions be more than computationally correct. Conclusions must also be “sensible” and true statements about the world: For example, I noted earlier that it would be wrong to report that the population of the United States had grown at an average rate of 1.2 million people per year. — Wrong, even though the population grew by 245 million people over an interval of 200 years. Wrong even though 245 divided by 200 is (approximately) 1.2. Wrong because it is neither sensible nor true that the American population of 4 million people in the United States in 1790 could have increased to 5.1 million people in just twelve months. That would have been a thirty percent increase in one year — which is not likely (and didn’t happen). It would be closer to the truth, more valid, to describe the annual growth using a percentage, stating that the population increased by an average of 2 percent per year — 2 percent per year when the population was 4 million (as it was in 1790), 2 percent per year when the population was 250 million (as it was in 1990). That’s better.

3. Parsimony

Parsimony is the analyst’s version of the phrase “Keep It Simple.” It means getting the job done with the simplest tools, provided that they work. In military terms you might think about weapons that provide the maximum “bang for the buck”. In the sciences our “weapons” are ideas and we favor simple ideas with maximum effect. This means that when we choose among equations that predict something or use them to describe facts, we choose the simplest equation that will do the job. When we construct explanations or theories we choose the most general principles that can explain the detail of particular events. That’s why sociologists are attracted to broad concepts like social class and why economists are attracted to theories of rational individual behavior — except that a simple explanation is no explanation at all unless it is also falsifiable and valid.

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Macintosh HD:DA:DA IX:Volume I:006 Intro (What is the wealth) March 22, 1997

 

 

Introduction: What is Data Analysis?

I will be specific about the more easily specified rules of data analysis. But make no mistake, it is these broad and not-well-specified principles that generate the specific rules we follow: Think about the data. Look for the central tendency. Look for the variation. Strive for falsifiability, validity, and parsimony. Perhaps the most powerful rule is the first one, “Think”. The data are telling us something about the real world, but what? Think about the world behind the numbers and let good sense and reason guide the analysis.

Reading:

Stephen D. Berkowitz, Introduction to Structural Analysis, Chapter 1, “What is Structural Analysis,” Butterworths, Toronto, 1982; revised edition forthcoming, Westview, Denver, circa 1997.

Stephen J. Gould, “The Median Isn’t the Message,” Discover, June, 1985.

Charles S. Peirce, “The Fixation of Belief”, reprinted in Bronstein, Krikorian, and Wiener, The Basic Problems of Philosophy, 1955, Prentice Hall, pp. 40- 50. Original, Popular Science Monthly, 1877.

11

March 22, 1997 Macintosh HD:DA:DA IX:Volume I:006 Intro (What is the wealth)

 
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Multiple Choice 7

Answer the following 10 Questions below, please use my course textbook ONLY.

ANSWERS IN BOLD Course Textbook Spiro, R. L., Rich, G.A., & Stanton, W. J. (2008). Management of a sales force (12th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Question 1  Which of these statements regarding the use of part-time salespeople is correct? a)The use of these representatives is decreasing as companies build full-time sales forces. b)One problem with part-time salespeople is that they are difficult to contact. c)They are usually flexible in their availability. d)Companies should not use part-time representatives for promotional types of selling. Question 2  Which of the following is the greatest limitation of a geographical territory type of sales organization? a)It is difficult to set up sales territories. b)It is a high-cost type of organization. c)Sales reps may not have the necessary expertise in all the products they sell. d)Large customers cannot be serviced properly. Question 3  The Civil Rights legislation affecting sales forces is least likely to apply to: a)compensation for men and women. b)methods of supervising the sales force. c)hiring practices. d)promotions from sales jobs to manager’s positions. Question 4  When a sales force is organized by product lines: a)more than one sales rep may call on the same customer. b)a firm cannot effectively use staff assistants who specialize by product line. c)this is not a good structure for selling complex, technical products. d)usually each customer is called on by only one salesperson in the company. Question 5  If a company plans to increase the extent to which it practices relationship marketing versus transaction marketing with its current customers, this is likely to: a)decrease the number of representatives it will need. b)have no impact on the number of representatives it will need. c)increase the number of representatives it will need. d)increase the number of telemarketers it will need. Question 6  An improvement in the sales representative’s selection process should lead to: a)a switch to on-the-job training programs. b)more salespeople being paid a straight commission. c)fewer sales jobs. d)a reduction in the rate of turnover on the sales force. Question 7  The job description for a certain sales job is not likely to be used for: a)forecasting sales in a salesperson’s territory. b)determining the content of a sales training program. c)evaluating a sales representative’s performance. d)designing a sales compensation plan. Question 8  With regard to the roles of the buying center, a purchasing agent is almost always the ____________ a)influencer b)buyer c)decider d)gatekeeper Question 9  Ethical considerations are most likely to arise when our recruiting source for salespeople is: a)plant or office workers in our firm. b)employment agencies. c)noncompetitive firms selling products related to ours. d)competitor’s sales forces. Question 10  According to the text, future selection criteria for salespeople are likely to include: a)great team-player and high computer literacy. b)multi-media skills and highly independent. c)great closer and works well under pressure. d)knows several languages and other cultures.

Answer the following 10 Questions below, please use my course textbook ONLY

.

 

ANSWERS IN BOLD

 

 

Course Textboo

k

 

 

Spiro, R. L., Rich, G.A., & Stanton, W. J. (2008). Management of a sales force (

12th ed.). New York, NY:

McGraw

Hill/Irwin

.

 

 

Question 1

 

 

Which of these statements regarding the use of part

time salespeople is correct

?

 

 

a)The use of these representatives is decreasing as companies build full

time sales forces

.

 

 

b)One problem with part

time salespeople is that they are difficult to contact

.

 

 

c)They are usually flexible in their availability

.

 

 

d)Companies should not use part

time representatives for promotional types of selling

.

 

 

Question 2

 

 

Which of the following is the greatest limitati

on of a geographical territory type of sales organization

?

 

 

a)It is difficult to set up sales territories

.

 

 

b)It is a high

cost type of organization

.

 

 

c)Sales reps may not have the necessary expertise in all the products they sell

.

 
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GAGNE-BRIGGS THEORY OF INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN 771

Question

 

The Gagne-Briggs theory of instructional design argues that
Answer The learning process cannot be influenced by the trainer
The external events influence the internal learning process
Presenting the material should be the first step in training program
The order of events does not alter the results
.
4 points
Question 2

The formula for performance (M X KSA X E) suggests
Answer only two of the three factors need to be favorable to obtain high performance.
if motivation is high and KSA’s are adequate, at least moderate performance will be achieved.
if the environment is highly conducive to high performance, then motivation is not very important.
none of the above are correct.
.
4 points
Question 3

Which of following statements about expectancy theory is true?
Answer Expectancy 2 is related to self-efficacy.
Valence is the measure used for expectancy 1.
Expectancy 1 is 1.0 when related to a decision making (go vs. no go) process.
The valence of outcomes is the same for everyone.
Expectancy 1 is directly related to valence of outcomes
.
4 points
Question 4

A basic premise in Social Learning Theory is
Answer a behaviorist approach to learning
a person learns through observation rather then through doing.
events can be learned without being processed
Consequences of behavior do not influence learning
.
4 points
Question 5

Understanding needs theory is important in the training process because:
Answer Needs theory helps identify reasons why some people do not perform well
Needs theory can help determine what kind of training will be more effective
Needs theory can inform the choice of environment where training is held
Needs theory can help identify motivators that will improve performance
All of the above
.
4 points
Question 6

The _____ the self efficacy, the _____ the performance.
Answer higher; worse
higher; better
lower; worse
lower; better
all of the above are possible
.
4 points
Question 7

Theories are
Answer useful for model building but impractical for practitioners.
generally developed by all of us to help us understand how things work in our world.
concrete steps in the “how to” world.
useful when they describe a set of facts and develop a logical rationale for what is likely to be true, given those facts.
both B & D.
.
4 points
Question 8

Who laid the foundation for reinforcement theory?
Answer Maslow
Skinner
Bandura
Freud
Thorndike
.
4 points
Question 9

Which of the following depicts negative reinforcement?
Answer after you do something you are yelled at
After you do something you receive a reward
After you do something you receive no reward
None of the above depict negative reinforcement
.
4 points
Question 10

Which of the following is a “process” theory of motivation?
Answer ERG theory
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
Reinforcement theory
Both A & B

 
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Case Scenario 2 Jewell Company (Answer Attached)

Case Scenario 2:  Jewell Company. Jewell Company (JC) is a $2 billion diversified manufacturer and marketer of simple household items, cookware, and hardware.  In the early 1950s, JC’s business consisted solely of manufactured curtain rods that were sold through hardware stores and retailers like Sears.  Since the 1960s however, the company has diversified extensively through acquisition into such businesses as paintbrushes, writing pens, pots and pans, and hairbrushes.  Over 90 percent of its growth can be attributed to these many small acquisitions, whose performance it improved tremendously through aggressive restructuring and its corporate emphasis on cost-cutting and cost controls.  While JC’s sixteen different lines of business may appear quite different, they all share the common characteristics of being staple manufactured items and sold primarily through volume retail channels like Wal-Mart, Target, and Kmart. Because JC operates each line of business autonomously (separate manufacturing, R&D, and selling responsibilities for each line), it is perhaps best described as pursuing a related linked diversification strategy.  The common linkages are both internal (accounting systems, product merchandising skills, and acquisition competency) and external (distribution channel of volume retailers).  JC is presently contemplating the acquisition of Plastico, a $3 billion U.S.-based manufacturer of flexible plastic products like trash cans, reheatable and freezable food containers, and a broad range of other plastic storage containers designed for home and office use.  While Plastico has been highly innovative (over 80% of its growth has come from internal new product development), it has had difficulty controlling costs and is losing ground against powerful customers like Wal-Mart. JC believes that the market power it wields with retailers like Wal-Mart will help it turn Plastico’s prospects around.

 

Questions 4-6 pertain to Case Scenario 2: Jewell Company

 

4.         (Refer to Case Scenario 2) How might JC’s related diversification strategy result in economies of scope and market power?

 

 

5.         (Refer to Case Scenario 2) Why would the acquisition of Plastico be good for JC?

 

6.         (Refer to Case Scenario 2) What difficulties might you expect JC to encounter related to its acquisition of Plastico?

 
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Dq

Answer the following three questions in a scholarly manner (seven – ten sentences) per question (in separate paragraphs). Restate and number each question before responding. Your introductions and responses to at least two peers, on their introductions, are to be posted by  11:59 PM EST, Thursday.  (review course instructions for requirements before posting).

You are expected to respond to at least two peers. It is acceptable to combine responses into one scholarly paragraph (ten – twelve sentences) when responding to peers. Please state the names of peers before responding

If you do not have the text chapters one and two can be viewed in “Doc Sharing.”

1. What, if anything, should be done with our current system of welfare (support structures for individuals)?.

2. What are your logical reasons for taking the position that you do?

3. How would we assess “deservingness” for some kind of social “safety net” such as the one provided by our welfare system (or by some other system if you choose that position)?

 
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Psychological Aspects Of Aging

APA FORMAT 1-2PAGE, IN-TEXT CITATION REFERENCE PAGE ETC. IF YOU CAN NOT ADHERE TO THE DETAILS OR DEADLINE DO NOT TAKE THIS ASSIGNMENT.

USE THE UPLOADED REFERENCES IN DEVELOPMENT OF THIS PAPER & IN-TEXT CITATION  REFERENCE PAGE

 

 

Psychological Aspects of Aging

Theories of successful aging explain factors that support individuals as they grow old, contributing to their ability to function. Increasing your understanding of factors that support successful aging improves your ability to address the needs of elderly clients and their families.

 

To prepare for this Discussion, review this week’s media. In addition, select a theory of successful aging to apply to Sarah’s case.

 

Post by TOMORROW AT 10:00PM NEW YORK TIME a Discussion in which you:

  • Explain key life events that have influenced Helen’s relationships. Be sure to substantiate what makes them key in your perspective.
  • Explain how you, as Helen’s social worker, might apply a theory of successful aging to her case. Be sure to provide support for your strategy.

Be sure to support your posts with specific references to the resources. If you are using additional articles, be sure to provide full APA-formatted citations for your references.

References

Laureate Education (Producer). (2013). Parker family: Episode 2 [Video file]. Retrieved from https://youtu.be/9fAXGVv9xJE

 

Ong, A. D., Bergeman, C. S., & Boker, S. M. (2009). Resilience comes of age: Defining features in later adulthood. Journal of Personality, 77(6), 1777–1804.

 

Plummer, S.-B., Makris, S., Brocksen S. (Eds.). (2014). Sessions: Case histories. Baltimore, MD: Laureate International Universities Publishing. [Vital Source e-reader].

  • “The Parker Family” (pp. 6-8)

Zastrow, C. H., & Kirst-Ashman, K. K. (2016). Understanding human behavior and the social environment (10th ed.)Boston, MA:  Cengage Learning.

  • Chapter 15, “Psychological Aspects of Later Adulthood” (pp. 685-714)
 
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