Archive for year: 2024

Week 2 – Discussion

57 57 unread replies. 109 109 replies.

Your initial discussion thread is due on Day 3 (Thursday) and you have until Day 7 (Monday) to respond to your classmates. Your grade will reflect both the quality of your initial post and the depth of your responses. Refer to the Discussion Forum Grading Rubric under the Settings icon above for guidance on how your discussion will be evaluated.

 

Capitalism   and Socialism: Case Study: Uber

 

This discussion assignment   requires you to submit at least four posts: an initial post, two reply   posts to fellow students in threads other than your own, and a revised post.

 

Prepare: Your initial post in this discussion must be informed by   the required material for this discussion. The required material for this   discussion will introduce you to what is new about Uber as a business model,   the profit incentive in business, and how laws can make or break innovation   in business. Your preparation should focus on the characteristics of   capitalism and socialism, as well as other business concepts presented in the   required material. Since your initial post in this discussion will examine   the relation between running a business such as Uber and the laws and   economic system of the nation(s) in which it operates, make sure to comb the   material on Uber for laws, regulations, and the economic setting that affect   its operations. You are encouraged to research relevant laws and regulations   to make sure that you have current information. You will also need to review   the material on the three ethical theories employed in the Week One   Discussion as you will draw from that material for this week’s discussion   too.

 

Reflect: Keep in mind that Uber has presented itself into the   market not as a transportation service but as a service that pairs consumers   with ride sharing services by means of a unique phone app. But some   sources—including the taxi industry and one California court finding (details   in the required material), as well as the characterization of Uber presented   in Section 3.4 of the textbook—seem to challenge this branding. According to   these sources, Uber is avoiding laws that apply to the transportation   industry and, thereby, usurping a rightful place that the taxi industry has   carved for itself. Consumers, on the other hand, have shown their preference   for Uber by a high demand for its services in the USA and abroad, including   those countries in which Uber has been banned. Compared to taxis, Uber offers   consumers an efficient system for procuring a ride even in remote areas where   taxis do not frequent, a convenient payment method (no need for cash, and   fares can be split among different users on the same ride), and significantly   cheaper fares compared to taxis. In many instances, Uber cars come equipped   with water, candy, and magazines, all for free. Uber drivers are also better   off because they keep the majority of the fares for the rides that they   service, which is exactly the opposite case of taxi drivers, and they can   choose when they want to work. Clearly, this is a controversial case and thus   very apt for the examination for this discussion.

Keep in mind that a nation’s   economic system is shaped by the laws that are in place. Accordingly, laws   (including state regulations and local ordinances) will give you a clue for   the kind of economic system that exists. Keep in mind also that most nations   have mixed economies and there is probably no economic system that purely   represents socialism or capitalism. So you will find a different combination   of both socialism and capitalism in any nation that you are examining.

 

Write: You have four tasks for your initial post. In order to   present an organized post, address each one of these tasks in a separate   paragraph and in the following order. Your first task is to articulate the   economic system (or combination of characteristics of both socialism and   capitalism) that such laws depict. Your second task is to examine the laws   that either support or limit the operations by Uber. Your third task is to   analyze how your findings from your first and second tasks affect Uber. And   your fourth task is to present your moral position with regard to Uber. For   this latter task, you will need to identify one of the three ethical theories   covered in the Week One (utilitarianism, deontology, or virtue ethics) as   support for the moral position that you are taking. For example, you may hold   the moral position that Uber is morally justifiable because it provides a   good for consumers that fills in a gap that had not been met by the taxi   industry. Or you may take the position that Uber’s positioning in the market   is morally wrong.

 

Revise: Read the feedback provided by your professor to your   initial post, either directly to you or to your fellow students. Use this as   an opportunity to learn from your professor, especially with regard to the   best ways to apply the course material and your research to your analysis. On   the basis of what you have learned in this process, post an improved revision   of your initial post that applies the additional knowledge that you have   gained.

Remember that your grade depends   on the quality of your initial and revised responses, not just on the   submission of an attempt at improvement. It is thus to your advantage to post   the best initial post you can and then to also improve that best effort as   much as you can through revision. Taking this process seriously will help you   develop the skills you need to do well on the Final Project.

 

Requirements for Your Initial Post:

• Your initial post should be at least 400 words in        length and have citations and references in APA notation. It should        address the prompt in its entirety. This means that you should not split        your response to the prompt in multiple posts. Your examination should        be both thorough and succinct. This is a combination that demands time        and thought, so give yourself sufficient time to draft and revise.
• Please be advised that until you post, you will not        see what your fellow students are posting. Once you submit your post,        you will be able to view the posts from your other classmates. You can        then proceed to reply to at least two different threads based on the        required material for this discussion.
• Your list of references for your initial post should        include the video and the other required material for this discussion,        including Section 1.3 of the textbook on Starbucks, as well as the        Instructor Guidance and any other announcements presented to you by your        professor. Use all of the material presented to you in the course and by        your professor, in addition to any other sources that you consulted to        inform yourself about the case (but not Wikipedia or similar sources).
• Your research should seek scholarly articles or        articles that offer factual or otherwise verifiable information. Your        initial post for this discussion should be submitted no later than        the end of Thursday (11:59 pm, U.S. Mountain time).

 

Requirements for Replies to Other   Threads:

• At least two of the four posts required should be in        the form of replies to fellow classmates in threads other than your own.
• Each of your replies should be at least 200 words, and        informed by the course material.        As such, the replies must have citations and references in APA notation.        Your list of references for each reply should include all of the course        material that has informed your reply, in addition to any research that        you have obtained on your own.
• Your replies should focus on the specific examination        presented by your fellow students. Address (a) the characteristics of        the relevant economic system as presented by your fellow student, (b)        the analysis of how laws and/or the economic system affect Uber, as        presented by your fellow student, or (c) the moral judgment        presented by your fellow student. For any of these choices, you should        examine whether the examination or analysis was carried out accurately        and successfully. You are encouraged to disagree and challenge what was        presented by your fellow student. This does not constitute an attack on        your fellow student but an attempt to arrive at a better understanding        and application of the material. But you need to provide reasons and        support for your disagreement or challenge and propose a more accurate        or defensible alternative.
• As mentioned in the Week One discussion, keep in mind        that although the notion of the moral good will vary among ethical        theories, they often produce the same or similar results. So make sure        to distinguish (a) the intent and (b) the consequences of the action        under examination.

 

Requirements for Revising   Your Initial Post:

• Submit a revision of your initial post by either        replying to your own post or to the feedback provided to you by your        professor.
• There is no minimum word requirement for your revised        initial post. But you should always explain the reasons for revising        your post so that it is clear what you are doing. If you are revising        only a few words, or an application of an ethical theory, you should        avoid submitting a post with vague language such as: “duty ethics works        better here” or “I did not consider the economic system.” It is        important to recognize that no one can read your mind so you need to        provide the setting for your revision (Why? What prompted it? What        course material informed you?), and it is important to write in clear        language and complete sentences.
• Your revised initial post is your chance to correct        any oversights or errors in your initial post, or to show your improved        understanding of the material and its applications to the case at hand.        You may, for example, come to the realization that another ethical        theory is better than the one that you initially employed to support your        position. Accordingly, your revision should indicate that you chose        another ethical theory and an explanation why you find the replacement        more suitable. Or, you might have realized that your conclusion did not        take into account important factors necessary for your evaluation of the        situation.
• You should maximize the improvement of your initial        post by employing your professor’s feedback as a guide. Keep in mind that you may not always receive direct        feedback from your professor. But your professor will have submitted        feedback in the discussion to other posts. So read your professor’s        feedback whether it is addressed to you directly or to other fellow        students. This will give you much to think about and apply to your own        post.
• If your professor or a fellow classmate responds to        your revised initial post, and on this basis, you find good reason to        submit yet another revision, then by all means do so. The more you        improve your initial post, the more you will benefit both in terms of        your learning and most likely your grade.

 

Week 2 – Discussion

57 57 unread replies. 109 109 replies.

Your initial discussion thread is due on Day 3 (Thursday) and you have until Day 7 (Monday) to respond to your classmates. Your grade will reflect both the quality of your initial post and the depth of your responses. Refer to the Discussion Forum Grading Rubric under the Settings icon above for guidance on how your discussion will be evaluated.

 

Capitalism   and Socialism: Case Study: Uber

 

This discussion assignment   requires you to submit at least four posts: an initial post, two reply   posts to fellow students in threads other than your own, and a revised post.

 

Prepare: Your initial post in this discussion must be informed by   the required material for this discussion. The required material for this   discussion will introduce you to what is new about Uber as a business model,   the profit incentive in business, and how laws can make or break innovation   in business. Your preparation should focus on the characteristics of   capitalism and socialism, as well as other business concepts presented in the   required material. Since your initial post in this discussion will examine   the relation between running a business such as Uber and the laws and   economic system of the nation(s) in which it operates, make sure to comb the   material on Uber for laws, regulations, and the economic setting that affect   its operations. You are encouraged to research relevant laws and regulations   to make sure that you have current information. You will also need to review   the material on the three ethical theories employed in the Week One   Discussion as you will draw from that material for this week’s discussion   too.

 

Reflect: Keep in mind that Uber has presented itself into the   market not as a transportation service but as a service that pairs consumers   with ride sharing services by means of a unique phone app. But some   sources—including the taxi industry and one California court finding (details   in the required material), as well as the characterization of Uber presented   in Section 3.4 of the textbook—seem to challenge this branding. According to   these sources, Uber is avoiding laws that apply to the transportation   industry and, thereby, usurping a rightful place that the taxi industry has   carved for itself. Consumers, on the other hand, have shown their preference   for Uber by a high demand for its services in the USA and abroad, including   those countries in which Uber has been banned. Compared to taxis, Uber offers   consumers an efficient system for procuring a ride even in remote areas where   taxis do not frequent, a convenient payment method (no need for cash, and   fares can be split among different users on the same ride), and significantly   cheaper fares compared to taxis. In many instances, Uber cars come equipped   with water, candy, and magazines, all for free. Uber drivers are also better   off because they keep the majority of the fares for the rides that they   service, which is exactly the opposite case of taxi drivers, and they can   choose when they want to work. Clearly, this is a controversial case and thus   very apt for the examination for this discussion.

Keep in mind that a nation’s   economic system is shaped by the laws that are in place. Accordingly, laws   (including state regulations and local ordinances) will give you a clue for   the kind of economic system that exists. Keep in mind also that most nations   have mixed economies and there is probably no economic system that purely   represents socialism or capitalism. So you will find a different combination   of both socialism and capitalism in any nation that you are examining.

 

Write: You have four tasks for your initial post. In order to   present an organized post, address each one of these tasks in a separate   paragraph and in the following order. Your first task is to articulate the   economic system (or combination of characteristics of both socialism and   capitalism) that such laws depict. Your second task is to examine the laws   that either support or limit the operations by Uber. Your third task is to   analyze how your findings from your first and second tasks affect Uber. And   your fourth task is to present your moral position with regard to Uber. For   this latter task, you will need to identify one of the three ethical theories   covered in the Week One (utilitarianism, deontology, or virtue ethics) as   support for the moral position that you are taking. For example, you may hold   the moral position that Uber is morally justifiable because it provides a   good for consumers that fills in a gap that had not been met by the taxi   industry. Or you may take the position that Uber’s positioning in the market   is morally wrong.

 

Revise: Read the feedback provided by your professor to your   initial post, either directly to you or to your fellow students. Use this as   an opportunity to learn from your professor, especially with regard to the   best ways to apply the course material and your research to your analysis. On   the basis of what you have learned in this process, post an improved revision   of your initial post that applies the additional knowledge that you have   gained.

Remember that your grade depends   on the quality of your initial and revised responses, not just on the   submission of an attempt at improvement. It is thus to your advantage to post   the best initial post you can and then to also improve that best effort as   much as you can through revision. Taking this process seriously will help you   develop the skills you need to do well on the Final Project.

 

Requirements for Your Initial Post:

• Your initial post should be at least 400 words in        length and have citations and references in APA notation. It should        address the prompt in its entirety. This means that you should not split        your response to the prompt in multiple posts. Your examination should        be both thorough and succinct. This is a combination that demands time        and thought, so give yourself sufficient time to draft and revise.
• Please be advised that until you post, you will not        see what your fellow students are posting. Once you submit your post,        you will be able to view the posts from your other classmates. You can        then proceed to reply to at least two different threads based on the        required material for this discussion.
• Your list of references for your initial post should        include the video and the other required material for this discussion,        including Section 1.3 of the textbook on Starbucks, as well as the        Instructor Guidance and any other announcements presented to you by your        professor. Use all of the material presented to you in the course and by        your professor, in addition to any other sources that you consulted to        inform yourself about the case (but not Wikipedia or similar sources).
• Your research should seek scholarly articles or        articles that offer factual or otherwise verifiable information. Your        initial post for this discussion should be submitted no later than        the end of Thursday (11:59 pm, U.S. Mountain time).

 

Requirements for Replies to Other   Threads:

• At least two of the four posts required should be in        the form of replies to fellow classmates in threads other than your own.
• Each of your replies should be at least 200 words, and        informed by the course material.        As such, the replies must have citations and references in APA notation.        Your list of references for each reply should include all of the course        material that has informed your reply, in addition to any research that        you have obtained on your own.
• Your replies should focus on the specific examination        presented by your fellow students. Address (a) the characteristics of        the relevant economic system as presented by your fellow student, (b)        the analysis of how laws and/or the economic system affect Uber, as        presented by your fellow student, or (c) the moral judgment        presented by your fellow student. For any of these choices, you should        examine whether the examination or analysis was carried out accurately        and successfully. You are encouraged to disagree and challenge what was        presented by your fellow student. This does not constitute an attack on        your fellow student but an attempt to arrive at a better understanding        and application of the material. But you need to provide reasons and        support for your disagreement or challenge and propose a more accurate        or defensible alternative.
• As mentioned in the Week One discussion, keep in mind        that although the notion of the moral good will vary among ethical        theories, they often produce the same or similar results. So make sure        to distinguish (a) the intent and (b) the consequences of the action        under examination.

 

Requirements for Revising   Your Initial Post:

• Submit a revision of your initial post by either        replying to your own post or to the feedback provided to you by your        professor.
• There is no minimum word requirement for your revised        initial post. But you should always explain the reasons for revising        your post so that it is clear what you are doing. If you are revising        only a few words, or an application of an ethical theory, you should        avoid submitting a post with vague language such as: “duty ethics works        better here” or “I did not consider the economic system.” It is        important to recognize that no one can read your mind so you need to        provide the setting for your revision (Why? What prompted it? What        course material informed you?), and it is important to write in clear        language and complete sentences.
• Your revised initial post is your chance to correct        any oversights or errors in your initial post, or to show your improved        understanding of the material and its applications to the case at hand.        You may, for example, come to the realization that another ethical        theory is better than the one that you initially employed to support your        position. Accordingly, your revision should indicate that you chose        another ethical theory and an explanation why you find the replacement        more suitable. Or, you might have realized that your conclusion did not        take into account important factors necessary for your evaluation of the        situation.
• You should maximize the improvement of your initial        post by employing your professor’s feedback as a guide. Keep in mind that you may not always receive direct        feedback from your professor. But your professor will have submitted        feedback in the discussion to other posts. So read your professor’s        feedback whether it is addressed to you directly or to other fellow        students. This will give you much to think about and apply to your own        post.
• If your professor or a fellow classmate responds to        your revised initial post, and on this basis, you find good reason to        submit yet another revision, then by all means do so. The more you        improve your initial post, the more you will benefit both in terms of        your learning and most likely your grade.

 

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HUMN 100 Final Project

For your final project, you will choose a subject, find three expressions of that subject in three different Humanities disciplines, describe the three different presentations, and offer an analysis of each of your choices.

Due Dates

· Part 1: Selection of Topic due at the end of Week 3

· Part 2: Development of your topic due at the end of Week 6

· Part 3: Paper due at the end of Week 8

Purpose The purpose of this assignment is to apply the concepts and skills you have learned during the semester for how to analyze works within the Humanities.

Skills

This assignment will help you practice the following skills that will be useful to you in your professional and personal life beyond school.

1. Research, select, and describe appropriate examples

2. Organize materials around a specific theme

3. Use concepts and skills learned in class to develop analytical skills

4. Use appropriate and proper grammar, organization, and academic-style formatting in order to communicate

Knowledge

This assignment will help you become familiar with the following important content knowledge in the Humanities.

1. Available online resources which contain examples of works in the Humanities

2. Methods of analysis and interpretation within the Humanities

Part 1: Selection of Topic. 

This part of the final project is your choice of topic.

Choose one of the following subjects or propose one of your own.

· One particular emotion or state of mind such as anger, jealousy, fear, gratitude, confusion, etc.

· One specific fairy tale, myth, fable, or classic story from any culture

· One religious or spiritual lesson or belief such as humility, hope, enlightenment, renunciation, reincarnation, the Trinity, the eight-fold path, ahimsa (non-violence), etc.

· One political or social theme such as social justice or injustice, social inequality, social progress, political conflict, etc.

· One form of cultural/societal identity such as race, sexual-orientation, gender identity, ethnicity, or class, or you could combine two of these such as “black women,” or “Chinese-American fathers,” or “LGBTQ Native-Americans.”

· A specific fictional character such as a character from a novel, play or film or a specific public personality such as a news anchor, a religious leader etc.

· One natural force or element of the natural world, like a kind of weather (snow, rain, sun), an animal (cat, dog, horse), a kind of landscape (mountain, oceanic, desert), vegetation (trees, flowers, grass, rivers etc.).

Explain two reasons for your choice in a short paragraph of 4-5 sentences. Be sure to include the significance of your choice to your own thinking about the world and/or its cultural significance.

Due Date for Part 1:  This submission is due during Week 3, with the final day of submission being the Sunday of the third week (11:30pm ET). Please see the Course Schedule for the exact final due date for this submission. The submission should be carefully edited and proofed for standard use of English.

Part 2: Development of your Topic.    

This part of the final project is a summary of your ongoing work on the final paper; it should include three paragraphs, one covering each selected work. You should also make sure to re-state what your subject is.

Identify how the subject you chose in Part 1 appears in three different works, each from a different Humanities discipline (visual art, music, dance, poetry, prose, theater, film, religion). For instance, you could choose a poem, a painting and a scene from a film, all of which express and represent the theme of anger. Or, to be even more specific, if you choose the emotion of “love,” the final paper could analyze and discuss love as it is expressed in Shakespeare’s Sonnet 147 (literature), Boticelli’s Birth of Venus (visual art), and in the ballet Swan Lake (dance).

Write one short paragraph (3-5 sentences) about each of your selections in which you:

1. Choose reliable and appropriate examples (a good-quality image, recording, video, etc.).

2. Identify and cite the source, including the artist, creator etc as well as where you found the example.

3. Explain why you find the example relevant for this assignment and mention one tool from the class materials and discussions you might be able to use to talk about it.

Due Date for Part 2:  This submission is due during Week 6, with the final day of submission being the Sunday of the sixth week (11:30pm ET). Please see the Course Schedule for the exact final due date for this submission. The submission should be carefully edited and proofed for standard use of English.

Part 3: Paper. 

This part of the final project is the paper that presents your description and analysis of your selected works.

This part of the final project is the paper that presents your description and analysis of your selected works.

In a 750-1200 word essay:

· Explain the subject you chose and why it’s worth exploring in the Humanities

· Describe each of your selected examples, including 1) information about its creator; 2) its historical or cultural context (how it fits into a historical period’s or a specific culture’s attitudes, events etc. Think about what else was going on in the culture and history when the piece was created); and 3) link to the example or an embedded image with a citation in the paper where you write about each example.

· Use at least one specific interpretative tool from the course to explain each of your selected examples. You should use a different tool for each example, so you should use at least three different tools in your paper.

· Assess the effectiveness or impact of each representation. In other words, how well did the representation present the subject? How effective was it? What impact did this representation have? What specific elements of the representation lead you to your conclusions?

· Provide a correctly formatted paper, complete and proper citations for any references you consult, using MLA format

Documentation Style: The paper is to be formatted and documented in the MLA format. For general assistance, see the links below to the UMUC Library.

· MLA Citation:  http://sites.umuc.edu/library/libhow/mla_tutorial.cfm

· MLA Citation Examples:  http://sites.umuc.edu/library/libhow/mla_examples.cfm

STOP: Before you hand in your assignment, make sure to ask yourself the following questions:

1. Have I included a paragraph that provides one to two logical, concrete, well-stated reasons that this subject is worth exploring within the Humanities?

2. Have I included least two to three sentences for each example that clearly and concretely provide information about its creator, cultural/historical context, and where I found it-an image or link?

3. Have I included at least one to three sentences that explains and applies a specific interpretative tool that is from the course’s learning resources or discussions to each example?

4. Have I included at least one to three sentences that contains an assessment of the effectiveness of each example in representing the chosen subject?

5. Have I provided a list of resources and do all of my citations conform to MLA 8th edition or APA guidelines?

6. Have I proofread this assignment for grammatical, structural, and spelling errors?

Due Date for Part 3:  This submission is due during Week 8, with the final day of submission being the Sunday of the eighth week (11:30pm ET). Please see the Course Schedule for the exact final due date for this submission. The submission should be carefully edited and proofed for standard use of English.

 

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Rarely does one individual’s decision or action create an ethical crisis entirely by itself. More often, someone’s unethical or illegal idea is adopted by other members of the company, and the problem grows within the organization until it erupts in headlines, bad publicity, and sometimes criminal penalties. After the fact, the questions always arise: How did that happen? Didn’t anyone know it was going on? Why didn’t someone stop it?

Recently, Volkswagen found itself in just such a position, when it was discovered that the software in the company’s diesel vehicles had been programmed to provide false data to regulators regarding the level of emissions produced by the cars.

In his article “Volkswagen: Where Were the Lawyers?” Lippe (2015) questions the role that several groups within the company played in the scandal, most notably the company’s lawyers and engineers. See http://www.abajournal.com/legalrebels/article/volkswagen_where_were_the_lawyers/.

Review this situation from legal, spiritual, and ethical perspectives. Fully explain the following:

1. As an employee or a manager in either the legal office or the engineering department, how would you have prevented this incident?
2. As the CEO of the diesel division of Volkswagen, how would you have responded when the situation became public? How would this response prevent future incidents?

Lippe, P. (2015, October 13). Volkswagen: Where were the lawyers? ABA Journal. Retrieved from http://www.abajournal.com/legalrebels/article/volkswagen_where_were_the_lawyers/

 

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Test one, sp12 True/False Indicate whether the statement is true or false. ____ 1. Humans are essentially social beings. ____ 2. America is so powerful that it doesn’t need the support of other nations. ____ 3. Unlike other aspects of society, like the economy, the media have not become truly global in nature. ____ 4. The most widely accepted definitions of sociology as a discipline are those that are narrow and focused. ____ 5. When we ask psychologists to help us understand the behavior of Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold, who murdered 13 people and injured 24 more at Columbine High School in 1999, we are using our sociological imaginations. ____ 6. If a sociologist attempts to study whether men are really less emotional than women, she is taking the role of the social analyst, rather than the everyday actor. ____ 7. The poem “The Blind Men and the Elephant” suggests that there is only one correct approach to understanding social life. ____ 8. Conflict theory uses a dynamic model of historical change that presents change as constant, ongoing, and inevitable. ____ 9. W. E. B. Du Bois became so disillusioned with the United States that he voluntarily exiled himself to Ghana near the end of his life. ____ 10. Thomas Kuhn, a philosopher of science, argues that truth is relative, in that it is dependent on the paradigm through which one understands the world. ____ 11. You are about to do a series of interviews about drug abuse and academic performance. In order to make people feel more comfortable, you tell them that these interviews are about student satisfaction with the university and have them sign a form showing that they’ve willingly agreed to participate. You have the informed consent of your research subjects. ____ 12. The order in which a questionnaire asks about different issues cannot affect the way people respond. ____ 13. Codes of ethics in the social sciences provide very strict guidelines for researchers to follow. ____ 14. Market research is probably the most common use of sociological methods for nonacademic purposes. ____ 15. Marxists are among the strongest supporters of value-free sociology. Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. ____ 16. Sociologists observe society: a. by studying the various parts of a society and the ways they interact and influence each other b. by studying the shape and boundaries of society as a whole c. by studying society as if it were a concrete object, in the same way that a geologist studies rocks d. by utilizing the preconceptions, assumptions, and beliefs that come from living in a society e. through the use of special scientific tools that allow unmediated access to the very heart of society ____ 17. Even though a small number of people have been academically trained as sociologists, we all can be described as “natural sociologists” because: a. we are born with certain skills that naturally allow us to think sociologically b. society is a part of nature, so everyone has to be a natural sociologist c. our parents taught us to be sociologists even before they sent us to school d. we are all members of society and so have a great deal of background knowledge about how society works e. sociologists are really just observers of conventional wisdom ____ 18. Howard Becker said that sociology can be best understood as the study of people “doing things together.” This definition reminds us that: a. neither society nor the individual exists in isolation; each is dependent on the other b. sociology is only interested in the way people act, not in the way they think c. only large-scale interactions that involve many people can be understood by sociologists d. people must have some knowledge of each other before they can really do anything together e. individuals exist independently of society and can be understood without considering social influence ____ 19. Most sociologists specialize in one particular method of study. The first distinction is usually made between qualitative and quantitative methodologies. What do quantitative sociologists do differently from qualitative sociologists? a. Quantitative sociologists preserve the detail and diversity of their data so that each individual piece of information can be analyzed to determine its meaning. b. Quantitative sociologists look for signs of social conflict and tension in their data. c. Quantitative sociologists translate their data into numbers so that it can be analyzed mathematically or statistically. d. Quantitative sociologists look for data exclusively in traditional cultures. e. Quantitative sociologists only do interviews. ____ 20. Regardless of which methodology they use, what are all sociologists trying to do? a. explain why social change happens b. illuminate the connection between the individual and society c. explain why poverty and inequality still exist d. compare the present with the past e. understand how our society is different from other cultures and other times ____ 21. What is the sociological imagination? a. a property of society that ensures that people remain ignorant of the connections between their lives and social change b. a particular way of understanding the criminal mind, such as that of a serial killer c. the sociological approach that assumes that large-scale social institutions structure individual interactions d. the ability to understand the connections between biography and history, or the interplay of the self and the world e. the sociological approach that assumes that individual decisions and interactions create larger social institutions ____ 22. Bernard McGrane suggests we should practice using a beginner’s mind, the opposite of an expert’s mind. Usually it’s good to be an expert. Why should we try to think like beginners instead? a. An expert’s mind is so full of facts and assumptions that it has difficulty learning anything new. b. To better understand the world, we need to defamiliarize ourselves with it. c. We need to unlearn what we already know in order to become better sociologists. d. A beginner’s mind allows us to approach the world without knowing in advance what we will find. e. The approach of a beginner’s mind is more readily accepted by whoever is being studied. ____ 23. What does it mean to say that America is both a nation and an ideal? a. All Americans have strong beliefs and ideals that are important to them. b. America is both a geographic location and also an ideal concept that situates its citizens within a meaningful context. c. America has standards, but it doesn’t always live up to them. d. As a geographic place, America has certain principles of law that govern how government is organized. e. Everyone in the United States has a different understanding of what it means to be American. ____ 24. Most people are interested in the lives of others, but usually we express this only through daytime talk shows and tabloid media. Although this sort of interest is completely understandable, sociologists would say that it is sensationalistic and very selective. How does a sociological perspective help to solve this problem? a. It decreases our interest in daytime talk shows. b. It helps us understand the people who appear on such shows in terms of individual pathology. c. It allows us to see connections between individual experience and larger social patterns. d. It increases the prurient value of such programs and makes them more appealing. e. all of the above ____ 25. Although everyday cultural practices, such as greeting a friend, giving flowers, or using the thumbs-up sign, seem like natural ways of acting, an awareness of how they vary across cultures demonstrates a healthy sociological imagination because: a. it ensures that we don’t accidentally make a faux pas b. it reminds us that everyday interactions are connected to larger social structures c. it helps us economically when we do business in different countries d. it lets us understand how immigrants perceive America when they move here e. all of the above ____ 26. The work of the French sociologist Jean Baudrillard, which inspired the movie The Matrix, is fairly pessimistic about contemporary society. What is Baudrillard especially worried about? a. that there are rising levels of inequality between the industrialized world and more traditional societies b. that we’ve lost the ability to distinguish between reality and illusion c. that racial hostility will ruin any chances for a meaningful democracy d. that globalization will dilute the unique French identity as McDonald’s and Disney World take over everywhere e. that rising levels of crime will make fear and apprehension the most common experiences of life in cities in the twenty-first century ____ 27. According to William J. Mitchell, in The Reconfigured Eye: Visual Truth in the Post-Photographic Era, TV Guide once took a picture of Oprah and grafted her head onto the body of Ann-Margret. Although this is an extreme example, Mitchell’s larger point is that almost every photo Americans now look at in the media has been digitally altered, leading many to worry that: a. we have lost the ability to distinguish between reality and special effects b. Americans are spending too much time watching television c. we are becoming a global village, all consuming the same media and becoming like one tribe d. urban centers are becoming increasingly diverse, and some are important to a postmodern world e. the United States is becoming part of a global community ____ 28. If you didn’t know anything about Pam Fishman but that Figure 1.2 features data from her research, what could you logically determine about her? a. that she is a conflict theorist b. that she is a macrosociologist c. that she is a structural functionalist d. that she is very interested in inequality e. that she is a microsociologist ____ 29. Look at the graphic representation of sociology’s Family Tree (figure 2.1). Given that they’re both very influential in the classical stage of sociological theory, why are Karl Marx and Emile Durkheim depicted so far apart? a. Marx’s work is no longer considered very important. b. Durkheim was greatly influenced by Marx, but not vice versa. c. Emile Durkheim wasn’t really a sociologist, he thought of himself more as a psychologist. d. The theoretical schools they founded are very different. e. Durkheim was French, while Marx was born in Germany. ____ 30. Who coined the phrase “the survival of the fittest”? a. Charles Darwin b. Karl Marx c. Emile Durkheim d. Harriet Martineau e. Herbert Spencer ____ 31. In Emile Durkheim’s work Suicide, he reported that suicide rates went up when the economy slumped, but also spiked when the economy boomed. Which of Durkheim’s concepts from Chapter 2 explain why both positive and negative economic conditions could increase suicide rates? a. alienation b. anomie c. mechanical solidarity d. organic solidarity e. empiricism ____ 32. In 2008 Polish film maker Andrzej Wadja released his film Katyn, about the massacre of 20,000 Polish officers by the Soviet Union during World War II. When asked why he had made this movie, Wadja said he wanted to make a film for “those moviegoers for whom it matters that we are a society and not just an accidental crowd.” Wadja believed that it was still possible for people to be bound together on the basis of shared traditions and experiences. In his statement, Wadja was expressing a hope that Poland could still be united by: a. organic solidarity b. conflict c. manifest functions d. mechanical solidarity e. positivism ____ 33. Karl Marx believed that the economy was closely related to other social processes, including politics, values, beliefs, and norms. As a result, he also believed that: a. the lower classes have the power to challenge the upper classes b. the lower classes almost always understand the sources of their oppression c. the ruling ideas are the ideas of the ruling class d. the ruling class has relatively little control over popular culture e. the ruling ideas are meant to support the lower classes ____ 34. What was Marx criticizing when he said that religion is “the opiate of the masses”? a. the lower classes b. superstition and any belief in the supernatural c. drug use and alcoholism d. the use of religion by the ruling class e. the way religion blinds people to scientific truth ____ 35. According to Karl Marx, how could a belief in heaven as a reward for earthly suffering serve the interests of the ruling class? a. by keeping the lower class from demanding better treatment in this life b. by distracting the lower classes with gaudy spectacles c. by using the church as a means to extract economic resources from the poor d. by keeping the lower classes busy with religious activities so that they wouldn’t have time to organize e. by making people meek ____ 36. In the United States today, the richest 20 percent of Americans have 85 percent of the country’s wealth. Marx would call this: a. alienation b. bourgeoisie c. social inequality d. capitalism e. organic solidarity ____ 37. In Great Britain, in the eighteenth century, there were a series of Enclosure Acts, which broke up small farms, forced many small farmers to move to large cities in search of wage labor, and increased agricultural profits for landowners. What large-scale social system was this a part of? a. socialism b. agrarian utopianism c. feudalism d. nomadism e. capitalism ____ 38. If you were to hear someone singing a song with these lines: It is we who plowed the prairies; built the cities where they trade; Dug the mines and built the workshops, endless miles of railroad laid; Now we stand outcast and starving midst the wonders we have made. You might conclude, along with Karl Marx, that the people being described suffered from: a. verstehen b. anomie c. structural dysfunctions d. alienation e. a lack of solidarity ____ 39. In 1987, the software company Infocom released a game called Bureaucracy, scripted by the science-fiction writer Douglas Adams. In the game, a character struggles to keep her blood pressure low enough to avoid a heart attack while changing her address and dealing with a large, impersonal, and inefficient bureaucracy. Although the game is meant to be humorous, what element of Bureaucracy would be familiar to Max Weber? a. nothing b. the frustration that comes with dealing with a bureaucracy c. the sense of humor and whimsy with which the game treats bureaucracies d. the lack of efficiency associated with bureaucracies e. the impersonal nature of bureaucracy ____ 40. Which two primary forces, according to Sigmund Freud, are essential to all human nature? a. verstehen and disenchantment b. Eros and Thanatos c. ego and id d. bourgeoisie and proletariat e. self and society ____ 41. Although she made contributions to sociology, Jane Addams is perhaps best remembered for her embrace of praxis, meaning that she: a. was a pragmatist b. acted on her intellectual convictions in practical ways c. applied dialectics to her understanding of history d. was the first person to translate Comte into English e. embraced conflict theory ____ 42. Which if the following is a latent function of the educational system in the United States? a. teaching reading and writing b. keeping children out of trouble while parents are at work c. preparing a modern workforce to use technology d. instructing new immigrants in American values and history e. all of the above ____ 43. Stricter control of the border between the United States and Mexico was implemented to curb illegal immigration, but it also made illegal immigrants more likely to stay in the United States for longer periods of time, as frequent border crossings became both dangerous and costly. The increase in the number of illegal immigrants who stayed permanently or semipermanently is: a. a manifest function of the border patrol b. a latent function of increased security c. a serious source of anomie d. a source of mechanical solidarity e. a cause for repression and sublimation ____ 44. Which of the following is a major critique of conflict theory? a. It has a hard time explaining inequality. b. It overemphasizes the importance of face-to-face interaction. c. In focusing on conflict and change, it sometimes ignores the stable and enduring parts of society. d. It overemphasizes continuity. e. It fails to develop any theory of praxis that could help researchers put their theories into action. ____ 45. Theodor Adorno and Max Horkheimer argue that: Under monopoly all mass culture is identical, and the lines of its artificial framework begin to show through. The people at the top are no longer so interested in concealing monopoly: as its violence becomes more open, so its power grows. Movies and radio need no longer pretend to be art. The truth that they are just business is made into an ideology in order to justify the rubbish they deliberately produce. They call themselves industries; and when their directors’ incomes are published, any doubt about the social utility of the finished products is removed. With which theoretical paradigm does this passage suggest that Adorno and Horkheimer identify? a. queer theory b. feminist theory c. conflict theory d. structural functionalism e. symbolic interactionism ____ 46. Which social theory was developed mostly in the United States? a. structural functionalism b. positivism c. Marxism d. symbolic interactionism e. conflict theory ____ 47. According to symbolic interactionism, what is the relationship between the self and society? a. The development of a sense of self is guided by society. b. The self is shaped by society, but society is also shaped by the self. c. Society is a product of individual actions. d. Both the self and society are created by the course of history. e. Both the self and society are shaped by larger external forces. ____ 48. Which of the following is an important aspect of symbolic interactionism? a. the idea that the working class does not understand the true source of their oppression b. the idea that society is mainly stable, orderly, and functional c. the idea that individuals are mainly unaware of their role in a larger economic system d. the idea that society is produced and reproduced by individuals interacting with each other, especially through language e. the idea that conflict is the source of all social change ____ 49. Which theoretical perspective shows how large-scale social structures are produced by individuals at the micro level? a. positivism b. pragmatism c. social Darwinism d. symbolic interactionism e. structural functionalism ____ 50. Before beginning a research project, what will a good researcher always do? a. use the scientific method to evaluate his survey questions b. review the literature in order to become familiar with earlier research that relates to his topic c. clearly define his variables d. look for correlations between two or more different phenomena e. form a hypothesis ____ 51. What do you call broad theoretical models of the social or natural world? a. paradigms b. hypotheses c. interviews d. grounded theory e. prejudice ____ 52. A paradigm shift is a major break in the assumptions that are used to understand the world. What causes a paradigm shift? a. the study of history b. new data forces a new way of looking at the world c. religion and theology d. increased awareness of the current paradigm e. objective knowledge of the world ____ 53. A graduate student is almost done with his dissertation when he is informed that twenty years ago someone did a very similar project and already demonstrated what he had hoped to be the first to discover. What basic step of the scientific method could have saved him from this problem? a. developing an operational definition b. selecting a research method c. analyzing data d. reviewing the literature e. creating relevant variables ____ 54. What are the goals of ethnography? a. to explain ethnic differences using qualitative methods b. to develop quantitative data sets that allow researchers to discover correlations c. to conduct interviews with people who have very different ways of life d. to describe activities sociologists observe and to understand what those activities mean to the people involved e. to develop ethics and standards for sociological research ____ 55. What does it mean if ethnographers are overt about their roles? a. They maintain narrow and limited definitions of appropriate research methodologies. b. They spend a great deal of time reflecting on their roles in the research process. c. They observe and record data without letting anyone know they are doing research. d. They openly admit that they are doing sociological research. e. They make their hypotheses explicit. ____ 56. Which of the following research techniques focuses on gaining an insider’s perspective of the everyday lives of subjects under investigation, often dispelling stereotypes about the group being investigated? a. participant observation b. surveys c. the analysis of existing data d. experiments e. content analysis ____ 57. The sociologist Mitch Duneier wrote his ethnography, Sidewalk, about street vendors in New York City’s Greenwich Village. While writing the book, Duneier was particularly concerned that the people he was studying would alter their behavior when he was present, especially since his background was very different from theirs. What do sociologists call this problem? a. bias b. response rate c. reflexivity d. validity e. thick description ____ 58. In her ethnography, Wheeling & Dealing, Patricia Adler investigates the social and professional worlds of midlevel cocaine and marijuana smugglers. Her research started serendipitously when she discovered that her next-door neighbor and friend was a drug smuggler; this was a huge advantage for her because it meant that she already had ____________ with one of her informants. a. informed consent b. rapport c. thick description d. sampling e. causation ____ 59. One of Mitch Duneier’s main conclusions in his ethnography of street vendors in New York City was that, despite the chaos and disorder they seem to bring to the street, the opportunity to sell something actually gave vendors a sense of purpose and dignity. Disputing aspects of New York’s crackdown on petty and nonviolent crimes, Duneier argues that politicians have failed to distinguish between physical signs of decline, like graffiti, and street vendors who are working to improve their lives. Which of the following advantages of ethnography does Duneier’s research demonstrate? a. The detailed nature of ethnographies can help to reshape the stereotypes that we hold about others and that are often the basis for social policy. b. Ethnographies offer a means of studying groups that are often overlooked with other methods. c. Ethnographies allow respondents to speak in their own words. d. Ethnographies are not always representative. e. Ethnographic research can be used to gather data on a population that is too large to study by other means. ____ 60. When he was writing Spirit and the Flesh: Sexual Diversity in American Indian Culture, the ethnographer Walter Williams was always very open about his own sexual orientation, because he believed that being open with the people he was studying was the only way to establish a trusting and sharing interaction with them. What was Williams concerned with? a. validity b. thick description c. reactivity d. rapport e. replicability ____ 61. Researchers should try to avoid double-barreled questions, or questions that: a. ask about multiple issues b. use emotional language that may bias the respondent c. are vague or ambiguous d. have a hidden agenda e. allow for a wide variety of responses ____ 62. Researchers are often worried that interviewees have not been completely honest or forthcoming, especially when asked about sensitive subjects. How did Arlie Hochschild attempt to deal with this problem? a. She asked each question in different ways to try to trap respondents in contradictions. b. She interviewed each spouse separately to see if their stories matched. c. She observed some respondents as they went about their daily routines to see if their actions matched their answers. d. She confronted respondents when they give answers that seemed dubious. e. When respondents seemed to be giving questionable answers, she used leading questions. ____ 63. Which of the following is NOT a disadvantage of using interviews to conduct social research? a. Interviewees are allowed to speak in their own words. b. Interviewees are not always truthful. c. Interviewees can be difficult to talk to. d. Interviews are time consuming. e. It can be difficult to generalize from interviews because the sample size is usually small. ____ 64. Why do social scientists who use interviews rarely speak with large numbers of people for a project? a. It is hard to find people willing to be interviewed. b. The transcription process takes a long time. c. There are usually very few people who are interesting enough to be interviewed. d. Face-to-face interviewing is a very time consuming process. e. The data is so rich that only a few interviews are needed. ____ 65. Arlie Hochschild was concerned that her sample of interviewees was too small to guarantee representativeness. How did Hochschild attempt to overcome this problem? a. by very carefully selecting only totally representative interviewees b. by deciding that she didn’t need to generalize to any larger population c. by asking only open-ended questions d. by doing follow-up interviews with each interviewee e. by comparing demographic information about her interviewees with information about her target population ____ 66. While it is always important to ask clear and unambiguous questions regardless of the method that you use, it is especially important to avoid confusion when conducting surveys. Why? a. Survey research methods commonly use statistics. b. When using survey research methods, the researcher is usually not present to clarify any misunderstandings. c. Confusing and ambiguous questions create an ethical dilemma. d. Survey researchers talk to many people. e. Survey research tends to look at large-scale social patterns. ____ 67. When writing questions for a survey, researchers must avoid all of the following EXCEPT: a. leading questions b. double-barreled questions c. negative questions d. bias e. open-ended questions ____ 68. One of the key methods used to do political polling is random-digit dialing, in which every phone number in an area code has an equal chance of being selected to take part in a survey. However researchers have noticed that young people are more likely to only use a cell phone, and people with cell phones are less likely to answer a call from an unknown number. As a result, polling organizations often count responses from young people as being worth “more” than those from older people. What is this technique called? a. weighting b. bias c. probability sampling d. Likert scales e. leading questions ____ 69. In 1936 The Literary Digest conducted a survey to predict the winner of the presidential election. It sent ten million surveys to a variety of households identified through phone books, automobile registries, and magazine subscriptions. Two million people returned the surveys and showed a very strong preference for Alf Landon over Franklin Roosevelt. What was the response rate? a. 20 percent b. 10 million c. 50 percent d. 2 percent e. 100 percent ____ 70. Which of the following are disadvantages of using existing sources of data for research? a. Researchers often seek answers to questions that the data doesn’t directly address. b. Researchers have to spend a great deal of time and money to get the data. c. Researchers do not always understand how the data was interpreted or what it meant in its original context. d. both A and B e. both A and C ____ 71. Why are social networking sites like Facebook and MySpace so exciting to sociologists who study social networks? a. For the first time, social networking sites offer sociologists a data set rich enough to test ideas that until now have only been theorized. b. For the first time, sociologists have realized just how much the internet has changed social networks. c. For the first time, sociologists don’t have to spend the time and money to go talk to people and can do all their work from a computer. d. For the first time, sociologists can find out what young people’s social networks look like. e. For the first time, sociologists can track the spread of urban legends. ____ 72. What is the primary goal of comparative and historical research methods? a. to enhance the validity of experiments b. to understand relationships between parts of society in different times and different places c. to uncover issues that been neglected by mainstream social research d. to select participants who are very similar so that the independent variable can be isolated e. to produce data that can be used to encourage social change ____ 73. What does it mean for a sociologist to control for a variable? a. Research subjects are divided into two groups. b. Change over time is measured in a dependent variable. c. One group is allowed to understand the nature of the experiment while the other group is kept in the dark. d. Precise tools are developed with which to measure a variable. e. All factors except for the independent variable are taken into account. ____ 74. A recent sociological experiment sought to determine the exact role that social support plays in the health of expectant mothers. To conduct the experiment, the researchers asked midwives to flip a coin each time they received a new client, and if it came up heads to try as hard as possible to put the client in contact with others who could provide social support. If the coin came up tails, the midwives would not discourage the woman from receiving social support, but would not facilitate it. What is the dependent variable in this experiment? a. coin flips b. health c. social support d. midwives e. expectant mothers ____ 75. When Elton Mayo did his now-classic experiment on worker productivity, he found that he could increase productivity by changing variables in a work environment, but also that changing variables back increased productivity. What did he conclude was the true cause of the increase in productivity? a. a decrease in sick days b. his own bias c. the effect of being studied d. the effect of change in the workplace, as it broke workers’ routines and made them more alert e. increased lighting and longer breaks

 

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DUE TOMORROW 9PM NEW YORK TIME 1-2 PAGE APA FORMAT 1-2 PAGE, IN-TEXT CITATION REFERENCE PAGE ETC. IF YOU CAN NOT ADHERE TO THE DETAILS OR DEADLINE DO NOT TAKE THIS ASSIGNMENT.

 

USE THE UPLOADED REFERENCES AND LINKS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THIS PAPER.

 

Zastrow and Kirst-Ashman (2016) stated, “Clients are affected by and in constant dynamic interactions with other systems, including families, groups, organizations, and communities” (p. 35-36). As a social worker, when you address the needs of an individual client, you also take into account the systems with which the client interacts. Obtaining information about these systems helps you better assess your client’s situation. These systems may provide support to the client, or they may contribute to the client’s presenting problem.

For this Discussion, review “Working With People With Disabilities: The Case of Lester.”Consider the systems with which Lester Johnson, the client, interacts. Think about ways you might apply a systems perspective to his case. Also, consider the significance of the systems perspective for social work in general.

Post by WEDNESDAY 9PM NEW YORK TIME  a 1-2 PAGE Discussion in which you explain how multiple systems interact to impact individuals. Explain how you, as a social worker, might apply a systems perspective to your work with Lester Johnson. Finally, explain how you might apply a systems perspective to social work practice.

Be sure to support your posts with specific references to the resources. If you are using additional articles, be sure to provide full APA-formatted citations for your references.

 

 

References

Plummer, S. -B., Makris, S., & Brocksen, S. M. (Eds.). (2014). Social work case studies: Foundation year. Baltimore, MD: Laureate International Universities Publishing. [Vital Source e-reader]. “Working With People With Disabilities: The Case of Lester” (pp. 31–33)

Pack, M. (2011). Discovering an integrated framework for practice: a qualitative investigation of theories used by social workers working as sexual abuse therapists. Journal of Social Work Practice, 25(1), 79–93. Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

Roscoe, K., Carson, A. M., & Madoc-Jones, L. (2011). Narrative social work: Conversations between theory and practice. Journal of Social Work Practice, 25(1), 47–61. Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

Savaya, R., & Gardner, F. (2012). Critical reflection to identify gaps between espoused theory and theory-in-use. Social Work, 57(2), 145–154. Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

 

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