Environmental Science

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EV 551 Hazardous Materials Assessment – Summer2020 Homework 1 – 40 points

1. Which of the following is not a part of the HAZWOPER process:

a. Recognition of hazards

b. Evaluation of hazards

c. Control of hazards

d. Information gathering

e. Safety from hazards

f. All are part of the process

2. Hazardous waste site workers must:

a. Receive 40-hour OSHA 1910.120 training plus 24 hours of field supervision if exposed over the PEL

b. Receive 40-hour training plus 8 hours field supervision if exposed below the PEL and when respirators are not required

c. 8-hour annual refresher training

d. All of the above

3. First Responder Operations level training allows persons to:

a. Witness or discover a release

b. Perform defensive actions

c. Stop the release

d. A and B are true

e. All of the above

4. Recognition of hazards includes:

a. Identifying the materials involved in the release

b. Identifying the degree of hazards present

c. Provide the level of protection needed for site workers

d. A and B are correct

e. All of the above

5. The most important response activity at a hazardous waste work site is:

a. Evaluation of hazards

b. Control of hazards

c. Recognition of hazards

d. Safety precautions

6. Frequent hazard types found at response sites include:

a. Physical hazards

b. Biological hazards

c. Chemical hazards

d. Mechanical hazards

e. All of the above

7. The purpose of initial control activities is to:

a. Immediately assess clean up alternatives

b. Provide time to responders to address long-term hazards

c. Slowly size up response activities

d. Both A and B are correct

e. None of the above

8. Spill reporting is covered by which of these federal regulations:

a. Superfund

b. DOT

c. RCRA

d. Clean Water Act

e. A, B, and D are correct

9. The effects of toxic materials on the human body are determined by:

a. Routes of exposure

b. Dose

c. Duration and frequency of exposure

d. All of the above

10. What are the four major pathways that chemical substances can enter the body?

a. ___________________________________________________

b. ___________________________________________________

c. ___________________________________________________

d. ___________________________________________________

11. What is the primary route of exposure to hazardous waste site workers or incident

responders?

a. Ingestion

b. Dermal absorption

c. Inhalation

d. Both a and b are correct

12. Dermal absorption may occur with which form(s) of a chemical:

a. Solid

b. Liquid

c. Aerosol

d. Mist

e. All of the above

13. The dose-response curve illustrates:

a. The indirect relationship between dose and response

b. The direct relationship between dose and response

c. The average number of affected individuals

d. None of the above

14. For most chemicals, a low dose does that does not show an appreciable hazard to exposed individuals is called the:

a. LOAEL

b. NOAEL

c. IDLH

d. Sensitivity

15. If multiple chemicals are present in a work zone, the threshold level:

a. Is based on the most hazardous chemical present

b. Is based on the susceptibility of the exposed population

c. Can not be accurately determined

d. Is based on laboratory experiments

16. Potentiation effects is defined as:

a. The combined effects of two chemicals equals the effects of each acting alone

b. The combined effect of two chemicals has an effect greater than the sum of the two individual chemicals

c. One chemical is usually not toxic by itself, but it increases the toxicity of the second chemical

d. None of the above

17. A PEL is:

a. Permitted educational limits

b. Permissible exposure limits

c. Without regulatory authority

d. A toxicity rating based on the concentration needed to cause death in 50% of exposed persons

e. B and C are correct

18. The federal agency responsible for determining PEL values is:

a. ACGIH

b. NIOSH

c. OSHA

d. EPA

19. The OSHA PEL-C value defines a limit that:

a. May be exceeded for a 15-minute exposure time

b. Requires a one-hour interval with no exposure

c. May be used as a peak exposure limit over an 8-hour workday

d. May never be exceeded during the workday

20. Ionizing radiation consists of the following:

a. Alpha particles

b. Beta particles

c. Gamma rays

d. Microwaves

e. Only A, B, and C are correct

21. Gamma radiation can:

a. Pass through PPE

b. Easily penetrate the body and be scattered and absorbed

c. Travel long distances

d. All of the above

e. Only A and C are correct

22. The greatest allies an individual has available for protection against ionizing radiation

include:

a. Time

b. Distance

c. Shielding

d. All of the above

23. For a chemical to be flammable, it must:

a. Be in a concentration above the UFL

b. Have a proper fuel-to-air ratio for combustion

c. Be found at a concentration below the LFL

d. All of the above

24. A reactive hazard that undergoes reaction may cause:

a. An increase in pressure

b. An increase in heat production

c. An increase in chemical vapor production

d. All of the above

e. Only A and C are correct

25. Corrosive hazards are difficult to control because they:

a. Cause structural damage to skin and containers

b. Only act as irritants

c. Act as oxidizers

d. All of the above

e. Both A and C are correct

26. Irritants are solids, liquids or gases that:

a. Must have direct contact with tissues to cause an effect

b. Impair judgment processes in exposed individuals

c. Increases fluid levels within affected tissues

d. None of the above

27. The physical and chemical properties of a hazardous material determine:

a. Environmental movement

b. Environmental behavior

c. Degree of hazard

d. All of the above

e. Both B and C are correct

28. A material with a specific gravity greater than 1 will:

a. Float on water

b. Dissolve in water

c. Sink in water

d. Not enter groundwater

29. A material, such as chlorine, has a vapor density greater than 1. This material will:

a. Rise into the air

b. Rapidly disperse in ambient air

c. Settle in low points of the topography

d. Increase the pressure of the atmosphere

30. Physical hazards are of concern to response workers because they:

a. Encounter conditions that are out of their control

b. Increase the potential for accidents

c. Decrease the need for PPE

d. Both A and B are correct

e. All of the above

31. Personal protective equipment decreases accident potential by:

a. Increasing movement

b. Increasing visibility

c. Reducing heat stress

d. Both A and B are correct

e. None of the above

32. Excavation and trenching operations offer special problems to hazardous site

workers. Safety requirements for these operations include:

a. Shoring and sloping activities

b. Placement of tools within 2 feet of the edge for accountability and access

c. Covering materials to keep rain out

d. All of the above

33. Heat stress hazards result in an alteration in internal body temperature. Cooling

mechanisms include:

a. Blood flow changes

b. Perspiration

c. PPE

d. Both A and B are correct

e. None of the above

34. Noise hazards may cause injury by:

a. Interfering with communication

b. Increasing stress levels

c. Causing short-term, long-term or permanent hearing loss

d. All of the above

e. None of the above

35. Basic types of noise exposure that can be found at a hazardous work site include:

a. Impact noise

b. Intermittent noise

c. Continuous noise

d. Both A and B are correct

e. All of the above

36. If A ____ dBA level is exceeded, a Hearing Conservation Program must be

established.

a. 80

b. 85

c. 90

d. 140

37. No individual at a work or response site may be exposed to a sound level above ____

dBA without ear protection.

a. 120

b. 100

c. 140

d. 130

38. Individuals are exposed to various sound levels during the workday, therefore, a

combined exposure level must be calculated for site personnel. If the Total Exposure

value exceeds ____, the allowable daily noise level has been exceeded.

a. .1

b. 1

c. 10

d. None of the above

39. Biological hazards at a hazardous waste site do not include:

a. Viral contaminants

b. Fungal growths

c. Allergic reactions

d. Snake bites

e. None of the above

40. NIOSH determines exposure limit values for:

a. Inorganic contaminants only

b. 10-hour workdays, 50-hour work weeks

c. 10-hour workdays, 80-hour work weeks

d. IDLH environments

PAGE

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Sustainable Shopping Malls? And Life-Cycle Assessment

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Week 3 Discussions and Required Resources

Assignment: This is a two-part assignment. Each part must be at least 200 words unless otherwise noted. Please read all attachments and follow ALL instructions.

To receive full credit you must include at least 2 citations of scholarly support to your answers for each discussion post (i.e. Discussion One – 2 citations, Discussion Two – 2 citations).  Citations should be within your post and include (Author, year, page number) if you are using a quote, page number is not required if you are paraphrasing.  Just listing references and not using them in your post does not count as a citation or support.  You can use your textbook as scholarly support and remember to include a reference for the support cited.

Part 1: Sustainable Shopping Malls?

Imagine that you are a developer interested in building a shopping mall. However, you are interested in building a shopping mall that is “green” so that your mall has a competitive advantage over other shopping malls. Apply the “eco-advantage mindset” to identify considerations that you should make in the design, products, services, and processes of the mall that would enable you to achieve your goal.

Part 2: Life-Cycle Assessment

Review the Wharington and Volvo case studies – https://www.iisd.org/business/CategoryCases.aspx?id=70. In your opinion, which of these two companies benefitted the most from a life-cycle assessment? Which company’s life-cycle assessment benefited the environment and/or the consumers the most? Why?
Could a cigarette manufacturing company benefit from a life-cycle assessment? Could the environment and/or consumers of a cigarette manufacturing company benefit from a life-cycle assessment? Why or why not?

Required Resources

Text

Esty, D.C., & Winston, A.S. (2009). Green to gold: How smart companies use environmental strategy to innovate, create value, and build competitive advantage. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

  • Chapter 6: The      Eco-Advantage Mindset
  • Chapter 7: Eco-Tracking

Multimedia

National Public Radio (Producer). (2011, February 24). Mr. Peanut’s ride goes green  [Audio file]. Retrieved from  http://www.npr.org/2011/02/24/134017778/The-Last-Word-In-Business

  • This      podcast supports the Planter’s Peanuts as a Model of Innovation assignment      for this week.

Recommended Resources

Articles

O’Sullivan, K. (2006). Virtue rewarded: Companies are suddenly discovering the profit potential of social responsibility CFO Magazine. Retrieved from http://www.cfo.com/printable/article.cfm/7960857?f=options

  • This site supports the      chapter readings for this week.

Savitz, A.W., & Weber, K. (2007). The sustainability sweet spot. Environmental Quality Management, 17(2), 17-25. DOI: 10.1002/tqem.20161. Retrieved from the EBSCOhost database.

  • This article supports      Planter’s Peanuts as a Model of Innovation assignment for this week.
 
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Week 4 Discussion Hsc3002 Environmental Health

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The discussion assignment provides a forum for discussing relevant topics for this week based on the course competencies covered.

For this assignment, make sure you post your initial response to the Discussion Area by the due date assigned.

To support your work, use your course and text readings and also use outside sources. As in all assignments, cite your sources in your work and provide references for the citations in APA format.

Start reviewing and responding to the postings of your classmates as early in the week as possible. Respond to at least two of your classmates. Participate in the discussion by asking a question, providing a statement of clarification, providing a point of view with a rationale, challenging an aspect of the discussion, or indicating a relationship between two or more lines of reasoning in the discussion. Complete your participation for this assignment by the end of the week.

Environmental Hazards Due to Polluted Air and Water

Many environmental hazards, such as air and water pollution, have been linked to adverse health outcomes not only in humans but also in aquatic life.

Using your course textbook, the South University Online Library, and the Internet, research on episodes in which environmental pollution caused hazards to the aquatic environment. Choose one episode and answer the following questions:

  • What were the main pollutants that caused hazards to aquatic life?
  • How did these pollutants affect the health of aquatic life adversely?
  • What are the various ways to prevent occurrences of such episodes in the future? Explain how these ways will help in the prevention of such episodes.

Discuss the association between environmental pollution and hazards to aquatic life.

Edit question’s body

Edit question’s attachments

 
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Discussion Due In 7 Hours

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Discussion due in 7 hours
Ecological Footprints [WLO: 3] [CLOs: 3, 6]
Prior to beginning work on this discussion forum, view video The Ecological Footprint Explained (Links to an external site.). The ecological footprint is a tool for helping us to visualize the impacts we make on the environment. In this week’s class discussion, you will have the opportunity to learn more about how connected you are to the ecosystems and biosphere that you inhabit.
In a course-long project beginning this week, you will take on the challenge of lessening your impacts on the environment through reducing the size of your ecological footprint. Specifically, you will identify possible lifestyle changes that would reduce the amount of resources you use and/or the amount of carbon dioxide emissions that you produce. In a course-long experiment, you will determine whether or not it is possible to make a measurable difference in your environmental impact through a few simple actions in your daily life. The first step, of course, is to determine your ecological footprint right now. To do that, you will calculate three footprints: an overall ecological footprint that takes most of our daily behaviors into consideration; a carbon footprint that focuses on our daily carbon emissions that are contributing to global climate change; and a water footprint that assesses daily water use.
Part A: Ecological Footprint
Use the footprint tool from the web page What Is Your Ecological Footprint? (Links to an external site.) to calculate your ecological footprint. At every opportunity, please select the “add details to improve accuracy” option. At the end of the footprint activity, make a note of how many Earths would be required if everyone lived like you. Then click on “see details” to obtain the following information:
Your ecological footprint, in global hectares (a hectare is about 2.5 acres).
Your top three consumption categories.
Finally, research some ways you might reduce your footprint, identifying a few specific ones that you might put into practice throughout the course.
Part B: Household Carbon Emissions Footprint
Next, use the Carbon Footprint Calculator (Links to an external site.) to calculate your household carbon emissions footprint. After answering all the questions,
Make a note of your carbon emissions footprint in pounds. Is that above or below the average household carbon footprint in the US?
Explore specific actions you might take to reduce your footprint. Which of them might be practical to undertake in the next five weeks?
Part C: Water Footprint
Finally, use the Water Footprint Calculator (Links to an external site.) to calculate your daily water footprint. After answering all the questions,
Make a note of your gallons-per-day water footprint.
Record the top three contributors to it.
Scroll down the page to access a series of “Tips” buttons you can click on for advice on reducing your footprint. Again, make a note of some specific ideas you see that might be practical to implement over the next five weeks.
Discussion Post Requirements
Your discussion should include all the information you gathered about your consumption habits from your three footprint calculations, including all numbers with units.
Footprint Table
Week 1ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINTHectares:       # Earths:  Top 3 Consumption Categories:   CARBON FOOTPRINTCarbon Emissions (lbs): WATER FOOTPRINTGallons per day: Top 3 Contributors:
Copy the table above and paste into your post, then add your data for each category.  You can also access the Footprint Table here. Then, in a well-crafted post of at least 200 additional words, examine the numerical results of your three footprint calculations by answering the following questions:
What did you learn that surprised you about your consumption habits?
What lifestyle changes could you make that would reduce one or more of the three footprints? Propose a minimum of five. (These do not have to be the ones you use in this course-long project; over the course of the discussion, you may opt to select other ones based upon classmates’ recommendations. You will be recording your final choices for lifestyle changes in your Journal at the end of the week.)
For each lifestyle change, which footprint would you be lowering? Discuss potential obstacles to making those changes, and then suggest ways you might overcome those obstacles.
Note: You will not be able to view others’ posts until you have made your own.
Required Resources
Text
Bensel, T., & Carbone, I. (2020). Sustaining our planet. Retrieved from https://content.ashford.edu
Chapter 1: Understanding Environmental Science and Sustainability
Chapter 2: Understanding Ecology and Biodiversity
Multimedia
Ashford University. (2018). SCI207 – The scientific method (Links to an external site.). Retrieved from https://ashford.mediaspace.kaltura.com/media/SCI207+-+THE+SCIENTIFIC+METHOD/1_5325onvq
This video provides information on the scientific method that will assist you in completing your Stream Morphology laboratory activity this week. This video has closed captioning.
Moovly. (2015, January 8). The ecological footprint explained (Links to an external site.) [Video file]. Retrieved from https://youtu.be/fACkb2u1ULY
This video provides information about what ecological footprints are and why they are measured, and will assist you in your Ecological Footprints discussion forum this week. This video has closed captioning and a transcript.
Accessibility Statement (Links to an external site.)
Privacy Policy (Links to an external site.)
National Public Radio. (2010, August 28). ‘The sound of a snail’: A patient’s greatest comfort (Links to an external site.) [Audio podcast]. Retrieved from https://www.npr.org/templates/transcript/transcript.php?storyId=129475625
This recorded interview provides information on how a nature experience can happen anywhere and despite overwhelming obstacles, and will assist you in completing your Nature Experience Project you will begin this week. The full project is due in Week 5. This podcast has a transcript.
Accessibility Statement does not exist.
Privacy Policy (Links to an external site.)
Web Pages
Global Footprint Network. (n.d.). What is your ecological footprint? (Links to an external site.) Retrieved from http://www.footprintcalculator.org/
This web page provides an interactive calculator for determining your resource consumption and is necessary for completing your Ecological Footprints discussion forum this week.
Accessibility Statement does not exist.
Privacy Policy (Links to an external site.)
United States Environmental Protection Agency. (n.d.). Carbon footprint calculator (Links to an external site.). Retrieved from https://www3.epa.gov/carbon-footprint-calculator/
This web page provides an interactive calculator for determining your greenhouse gas emissions and is necessary for completing the Ecological Footprints discussion forum this week.
Accessibility Statement (Links to an external site.)
Privacy Policy (Links to an external site.)
Website
Water footprint calculator (Links to an external site.). (https://www.watercalculator.org)
This website provides an interactive calculator for determining your water consumption and is necessary for completing your Ecological Footprints discussion forum this week.
Accessibility Statement does not exist.
Privacy Policy (Links to an external site.)
Supplemental Material
Carolina Distance Learning. (n.d.). Stream morphology
 [Investigation manual]. Retrieved from https://ashford.instructure.com
The Stream Morphology investigation manual is available in the online classroom. This lab manual provides background information on stream morphology and will assist you in your Stream Morphology Laboratory assignment.
Laboratory Supplies
Carolina Biological Supply Lab Kit
This lab kit provides lab supplies and materials for the hands-on labs that you will conduct for this course. Although the lab kit provides most of the lab supplies for the labs, there will be materials that you need to purchase independently for a few labs. For instance, you will be expected to supply all materials for the Week 1 Lab. Be sure to prepare a list of what you will need to purchase independently by viewing the lab investigation manuals and lab kits in advance. To see a checklist of the additional lab supplies that you will need each week for this course, access the Additional Lab Supplies Checklist.
Recommended Resources
Article
Carrington, D. (2018, March 12). What is biodiversity and why does it matter to us? (Links to an external site.) The Guardian. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/news/2018/mar/12/what-is-biodiversity-and-why-does-it-matter-to-us
This article from The Guardian provides information about our global biodiversity crisis and may assist you in completing the Sustainable Living Guide Contributions: Sustaining Biodiversity and Ecosystems assignment.
Accessibility Statement (Links to an external site.)
Privacy Policy (Links to an external site.)
Multimedia
HHMI BioInteractive [biointeractive]. (2015, April 8). Humans, biodiversity, and habitat loss—HHMI BioInteractive video (Links to an external site.) [Video file]. Retrieved from https://youtu.be/1drkFgHbcWY
This video provides information about biodiversity loss and how people are contributing to it, and may assist you in completing your Sustainable Living Guide Contributions: Sustaining Biodiversity and Ecosystems assignment. This video has closed captioning and a transcript.
Accessibility Statement

 
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OSHA PPT & Journals

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There are three separate questions in this assignment.

1. Create a PowerPoint presentation of 15 slides (not counting title and reference slides) that provides an overview of the three major environmental, health, and safety (EHS) disciplines. Include each of the following elements:

§ summary of the responsibilities for the discipline,

§ evaluation of types of hazards addressed by the discipline,

§ description of how industrial hygiene practices relate to safety and health programs,

§ description of how industrial hygiene practices relate to environmental programs,

§ evaluation of types of control methods commonly used by the discipline,

§ interactions with the other two disciplines, and

§ major organizations associated with the discipline.

Construct your presentation using a serif type font such as Times New Roman. A serif type font is easier to read than a non-serif type font. For ease of reading, do not use a font smaller than 28 points.

2. The placement of the industrial hygiene and safety functions in an organization’s structure can greatly impact how successful the programs will be. Some organizations place health and safety programs under the human resources department. Other organizations place these programs under the plant manager or the production manager. If you were a safety officer for an organization, where would you place health and safety programs in the organizational structure? Explain why you believe this placement would work best for your organization.

Your journal entry must be at least 200 words. No references or citations are necessary

3. You have been asked to perform a job hazard analysis (JHA) at your place of employment. Which method would you use to perform the JHA? Explain your choice.

Your journal entry must be at least 200 words. No references or citations are necessary.

 
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Paper

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Task List:

· Review the posted content.

· Complete Home Sustainability Audit Activity individually.

· Submit Audit report to the appropriate Dropbox.

Objectives:

· Introduce the concept of energy efficiency.

· Identify sustainable and non-sustainable practices at your institution.

· Show that the solution to many environmental problems are within the reach of individuals and communities

Introduction:

This assignment is designed to help you reflect on the environmental practices in your home. For the audit, you will each select ten (10) topics of interest in regards to environmental aspects of campus operations. The topics you may choose from are:

Topics

Waste management Water Energy Air handling
Composting Faucet efficiency Appliance efficiency Insulation
Trash produced Toilet efficiency Computers Window/doorway sealant
Recycling Showers (length, efficiency, temperature, etc.) Power source sustainability AC age
Fast fashion Washing machine type Water heater type Keeping vents clear
Paper decor Water used to produce your clothing Lighting (type, efficiency, age)  
  Water source Energy vampires  
  Irrigation (sprinklers, drip systems, water barrels, etc.) External shade on roof (trees, etc.)  

 

Useful resource:   http://efficiencytips.tumblr.com/tagged/at-school (Links to an external site.)  ;  https://www.epa.gov/statelocalenergy/local-residential-energy-efficiency (Links to an external site.)

Task:

1. Select ten topics listed above

2. Write a paragraph (minimum) discussing how you address and/or implement each topic (Ten paragraphs total-minimum).  Does your home actively plan accommodations for this topic?  What could you do do to better on this subject? How much would it roughly cost to do so (look up what it would cost to replace equipment if necessary, ball park figures are okay)?

3. Evaluate your home. Do you consider your home “green”?  Why or why not?

4. Propose some monetarily and personally feasible changes that you/your family should consider.

What to submit – Generate a report with the following sections and submit to the assignment dropbox:

· Introduction – Discuss the specifics of your home.  How many people live there?  How large is it? This section should familiarize the reader with your home.

· Topic Discussions – Include the description of each topic in this section.

· Evaluation – Include your evaluation in this section.

· References – Include all reference material (MLA format).

Minimum word count is 750.

Note: Some of you may live in the same building; however, each report must be completed on an individual basis.  You can not use the same material as your fellow classmates. 

 
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Data Project 3

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This data project will address Course Outcomes 1 and 3:

  • interpret quantitative information to determine effects of human activity on the environment and to evaluate environmentally sustainable decisions
  • effectively communicate and use scientific evidence regarding human impact on the environment with emphasize on sustainability and global citizenship

Description

This data project will be composed of two parts.

In Part I of your report, you will compile class data from the Week 5 Eco Moment on your water usage (found in the “Shared Data” Discussion, under Water Calculator Data) and summarize/analyze it with Excel (or similar spreadsheet program).  Discuss what trend(s) you see in the class data that relate to course concepts.  Think about the best way to present your findings–tabular or graphical form?  There is no “right answer” here, as long as you pick a format that highlights your main findings and support your table(s) and/or graph(s) with clear text that interpret the results.  Do any of the findings surprise you?  Why or why not?

In Part II, you will research and discuss possible solutions to the environmental problems reflected in the class data. Here, you will want to support your argument with reliable, scientific resources (e.g., peer-reviewed scientific papers, white papers, and government websites). Be sure to end with a strong concluding paragraph that summarizes the main data trend(s), along with the merits and relevance of your chosen solution(s).

Format

The page limit for your written report for both Part I and Part II is 2 pages, plus 1 page for the data table/graph(s) you use to present your findings in Part I. The page limit does not include an optional title page, the reference list, and the appendix with the raw class data. The report should be double-spaced with one-inch margins all around and use a 12-pt font.

Here is the order in which to present the various project components:

  1. Part I = describe the class data we collected, include the methodology, relevant web tool (if applicable), the mean and sample size for each result, table/graph(s) that depict the main findings and/or trends; interpret the table/graph(s) for the reader
  2. Part II = summarize research on possible solutions; be sure to incorporate reliable in-text citations and focus on relevant, attainable solutions
  3. Reference List
  4. Appendix of Raw Data = screenshot or copy in the Excel table showing all the class data (no analysis or mean)
 
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OSHA Toxicology

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Please submit questions 3&4 in separate documents.

1. The list of chemicals identified as carcinogens continues to grow. What, in your opinion, are the two best ways to protect yourself from exposure to carcinogens?

Your journal entry must be at least 200 words. No references or citations are necessary.

2. Reflect on your own thoughts and feelings about animal testing. Do a quick article search on animal testing. Review one article that is pro-animal testing and one article that is anti-animal testing. Discuss two of the pros and two of the cons of animal testing that were discussed in the articles. In researching both sides of the debate, has your perspective shifted any on the animal testing debate? Explain.

Your journal entry must be at least 200 words. No references or citations are necessary.

3. This unit’s assigned reading focuses on chemical-induced mutagens. As you are aware from the reading, not all carcinogens are mutagens. For this assignment, compare and contrast a carcinogen that is a mutagen to a carcinogen that is not a mutagen. Find at least four peer-reviewed journal articles published within the last 7 years that discuss the carcinogens and the cancer that each causes.

Compare the means of exposure of each chemical and the type of cancer each causes. Be sure to integrate the perspective and information gathered from each article into a discussion in your own words.

Your literature review must include the following components:

an introduction of your topic of choice (include some background information on the origins of exposure and cancer),the methods used to search for the articles,the results of the articles,

a discussion and conclusion with your own opinion, and APA references and in-text citations for the article. The literature review must be three to four pages in length and follow APA formatting.

4. Recent studies support the potential of a drug that is derived from the metal iridium to effectively treat cancer. This experimental drug, Drug ZL105, has not been tested for efficacy and toxicity. Imagine that you are the one responsible for approving or denying the use of this drug within the United States. Your job is to propose the testing that is needed for this drug to be determined as safe and effective for the treatment of cancer in humans. In your research and discussion, you should address the questions below.

What model(s) will you use for testing (i.e., animal, cell cultures, computer simulations)? Explain the choice of model, and provide support for the reliability of the model. Discuss the pros and cons of your choice.

In determining the safety and effectiveness of the drug, would it be necessary to test efficacy, toxicity, and lethality? Explain what each of these tests are for and whether or not one or more of the tests are necessary for your determination.

Provide your thoughts on what information you hope to gather from your tests and whether or not the same protocol should be used for various categories of products such as drugs, cosmetics, and herbal medicines.

Your case study assignment should be three to four pages in length and utilize at least three reliable references. Use APA style guidelines in writing this assignment, following APA rules for formatting, quoting, paraphrasing, citing, and referencing.

 
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English Comp 1

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The Final Essay in this course should consist of the following elements: Your essay must be at least five pages in length and should be typed in 12-point Times New Roman font. There must be a title to your paper. If block quotes are used, the block quotes should be appropriately indented, and no quotation marks should be placed around the block quotes. Your essay should be about an intriguing concept that you are interested in. You need to dissect something intriguing about your topic. Remember, the more focused you are, the more impactful and powerful your essay will be. At least two outside sources should be included in your essay; in-text citations and properly formatted references should be present. Click here for more information on how you are expected to cite and reference sources in academic papers. Make sure your references are reputable—a good place to search for reputable sources is the Waldorf Online Library. A strong, solid thesis (the argument that ties your paper together) should be present. The thesis CANNOT be an obvious statement. There is no point in writing a paper if you are merely reiterating facts that you already know. You need to be intriguing and insightful in your paper. There should be a strong development of your thesis, as well as strong and solid claims. Your essay should take a careful and focused examination of your topic, and fluid transitions between paragraphs should be used. Think of the questions: Who? What? When? Where? How? Why? Answer these questions within your essay. Make your Final Essay as objective as possible by eliminating pronouns such as “I,” “me,” and “you.” These will make you stray toward opinion. Do not add your personal opinion on the topic; rather, focus the argument or illustration of your thesis. Also, do not back out of your claims by including phrases such as “possibly,” “probably,” “I believe,” or “in my opinion.” A strong conclusion should touch base with the claims you have made, and reinforce the significance of your thesis. Make your essay powerful! Assert your claims, but always back them up with sources and evidence. Believe in yourself and what you have to say. Have confidence in your paper! Be very detailed, as well. The more focused and detailed you are, the stronger your essay will be. So again, carefully present your topic, and analyze the situation in detail. Back up your claims with evidence. Analyze that evidence. Immerse your reader in your topic and research. Make your reader as excited as you are. Reminder: NO slang or jargon should be used. Also, this is not a standard five-paragraph essay. You will definitely have more than five paragraphs. Make sure to PROOFREAD!

 
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Industrial And Hazardous Waste Management

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This unit has presented the regulatory environment related to industrial and hazardous wastes. The required unit resources and unit lesson presented aspects of the historical and current regulatory environment, Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) requirements, and the impact of nonuniform international environmental laws.

For this assignment, review the case study that was in the required unit resources “Hidden Externalities: The Globalization of Hazardous Waste” concerning the Colbert brothers’ hazardous waste business.

In your case study, discuss the Colbert brothers’ business and how they were able to conduct this business operation.

In addition, address the following items:

  • Assess the historical and current regulatory environment on this case.
  • Summarize RCRA requirements regarding this hazardous waste case.
  • Appraise the impact of nonuniform international environmental laws concerning this case.
  • Assess the ethical standards for the Colbert brothers and if their punishment fit their crime.
  • State your opinion on how the case was handled.

You do not need to write your case study in the order of the above items. Weave the items into your paper to create a flowing, readable document with smooth transitions.

Your case study must be at least three pages in length with a title page and reference page (title and reference pages do not count toward the minimum page requirement).

Besides using the source from this article in your case study, locate an additional peer-reviewed article from the CSU Online Library that centers on RCRA requirements and the current regulatory environment regarding hazardous waste. The article must be no more than five years old. Also, it may be helpful to utilize the Environmental Protection Agency websites listed under References.

Because this assignment requires you to reference peer-reviewed articles, you may find it helpful to review the library’s tutorial on How to Find Peer-Reviewed Resources. (Transcript for How to Find Peer-Reviewed Resources video)

Adhere to APA Style guidelines when constructing this assignment, including in-text citations and references for all sources that are used. Please note that no abstract is needed.

 
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