Case Study: HIV

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Case Study: HIV

(Case Study: HIV)

HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is a global health challenge affecting millions worldwide. The virus primarily targets the immune system’s CD4 cells, weakening the body’s ability to fight infections and diseases. Transmission occurs through unprotected sexual contact, contaminated blood transfusions, sharing needles, or from mother to child during childbirth or breastfeeding.

Upon infection, individuals may experience flu-like symptoms, followed by a long asymptomatic period. Over time, HIV can progress to AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) if untreated, leading to severe immune suppression and opportunistic infections.

The management of HIV involves antiretroviral therapy (ART) which suppresses viral replication, maintaining CD4 counts and preventing disease progression. Access to ART has transformed HIV from a fatal condition to a chronic, manageable disease in many parts of the world.

Despite progress, challenges persist, including stigma, access to treatment, and prevention efforts. Ongoing research aims to develop an effective vaccine and cure. Public health interventions promoting testing, education, and safe practices remain crucial in the global fight against HIV.

Case Study: HIV

Linda is a 28-year-old female in a discordant relationship with her boyfriend of 1 year. Linda is 12 weeks pregnant based on her last menstrual period. She is engaged in HIV-care and is naïve to antiretroviral therapy (ART) because her CD4 cell count is 538 per mm3 and viral load is 8,300. No tobacco, alcohol, or illegal or illicit drug use.

Physical examination: Normal, healthy 28-year-old gravid female. She is overweight with a body mass index of 28.2.

Laboratory and other tests: Genotype is pan-sensitive without HIV mutations. Ultrasound at her 2-day follow-up estimates she is 15 weeks pregnant.

Assignment Questions

  1. What are the Public Health Service Panel on Antiretroviral Guidelines for Adults and Adolescents guidelines for HIV-positive pregnant females regarding starting ART? What antiretroviral medications are recommended as first line?  Which drugs should be avoided?  Provide a rationale for all answers.
  2. What education does Linda need regarding her medication?
  3. Are there any risks to the baby during labor?
  4. What should be done for the baby at birth if he/she tests positive for HIV? What will the providers need to do in terms of monitoring the baby?

Instructions 

  • Prepare and submit a 3-4 page paper [total] in length (not including APA format).
  • Answer all the questions above.
  • Support your position with examples.
  • Please review the rubric to ensure that your assignment meets criteria.
  • Submit the following documents to the Submit Assignments/Assessments area:
 
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