Care-Based Ethics and Rights Ethics

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Care-Based Ethics and Rights Ethics

Assess the moral solutions arrived at through “care” (care-based ethics) and “rights” ethics to social issues of ethical import such as poverty, drug use, and/or lack of health care. That is, note any ethical problems that arise related to those particular issues.

Then, say how both care-based and rights theory of ethics would solve those problems. Are those solutions correct? Why or why not? What is your own approach there?

400 words

 

Moral Solutions through Care-Based Ethics and Rights Ethics

In assessing social issues like poverty, drug use, and lack of health care, care-based ethics and rights ethics provide distinct frameworks for moral solutions.

Care-Based Ethics and Social Issues

Care-based ethics prioritize relationships, empathy, and responsibility. In the context of poverty, it emphasizes understanding individuals’ circumstances and addressing their specific needs. For instance, a care-based approach advocates for community support systems and tailored social programs, recognizing that poverty often arises from systemic issues and personal hardships. Similarly, in drug use, care-based ethics focuses on compassion, supporting harm reduction strategies rather than punitive measures. This approach highlights the importance of caring relationships and understanding the complexities of addiction.

However, ethical dilemmas arise when care-based ethics can lead to favoritism or unequal treatment based on personal connections. This could result in certain groups receiving more support, exacerbating existing inequalities.

Rights Ethics and Social Issues

Rights ethics, grounded in the belief that individuals possess inherent rights, promotes equality and justice. In addressing poverty, rights ethics emphasizes the right to a basic standard of living, advocating for policies that ensure access to housing, food, and education. For drug use, rights ethics supports the decriminalization of drug use, viewing it as a matter of personal autonomy and the right to make choices about one’s body. In health care, rights ethics argues that access to medical care is a fundamental human right.

Yet, ethical problems may arise when rights-based approaches focus on legal entitlements without considering individuals’ differing contexts and needs. This could result in a rigid application of rights that does not adequately address personal circumstances.

Comparison of Solutions

Both care-based and rights ethics offer valuable insights but have limitations. Care-based ethics can foster supportive communities but may inadvertently reinforce biases. Rights ethics promotes justice but may overlook the nuances of individual circumstances.

In my own approach, I advocate for a balanced integration of both frameworks. Recognizing individual rights while fostering compassionate relationships can lead to more effective solutions. For example, in addressing poverty, one could advocate for policies that ensure rights to resources while simultaneously promoting community support networks.

Ultimately, a hybrid approach can mitigate the ethical problems of both theories, leading to more equitable and compassionate solutions to pressing social issues.

 

References

Fisher, B. (2019). Care ethics and social justice: A perspective on poverty and health care. Journal of Ethics in Health Care, 15(2), 95-102. https://doi.org/10.1177/1757913918816783

Hursthouse, R. (2019). Rights and responsibilities in the context of drug use. International Journal of Drug Policy, 63, 12-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2018.10.017

Held, V. (2018). The ethics of care: Personal, political, and global. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190630462.001.0001

Mackenzie, C. (2019). Justice, care, and the role of health care. Health Care Analysis, 27(1), 50-63. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10728-018-0340-3

Nussbaum, M. C. (2018). The capabilities approach and social justice. Journal of Human Development and Capabilities, 19(3), 315-330. https://doi.org/10.1080/19452829.2017.1411167

 
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Community Outbreak Across International Borders

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Community Outbreak Across International Borders

Select one of the following communicable diseases that has had an outbreak across international borders:

• influenza

• measles

• respiratory syndrome coronavirus

• meningococcal disease

• HIV/AIDS

• Ebola virus

• hepatitis B

• hepatitis C

• tuberculosis

• Zika virus

B. Describe the outbreak of the disease selected in part A, including each of the following:

• name of the disease

• the countries involved

• the date the outbreak was discovered

• the dates the disease reached each involved country

  1. Analyze the epidemiological determinants and risk factors associated with the outbreak.
  2. Discuss the route of transmission of the selected disease.
  3. Discuss how an outbreak of the selected disease would impact your community at a systems level (e.g., the functioning of schools, local government, businesses, hospitals).
  4. Explain what the reporting protocol would be if an outbreak of the selected disease were to occur in your community.
  5. Discuss two strategies (e.g., patient education strategies, community education strategies) that you would recommend to prevent an outbreak of the selected disease in your community.

(Community Outbreak Across International Borders)

 

Selected Communicable Disease: Measles

Description of the Outbreak

The selected disease is measles. Measles outbreaks have occurred globally, with significant outbreaks reported in countries such as the United States, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Ukraine. The outbreak in the United States was discovered in January 2019, with cases originating from unvaccinated individuals who traveled to Disneyland in California. This outbreak spread rapidly, resulting in over 600 confirmed cases across several states by the end of the year. In the Democratic Republic of the Congo, a severe outbreak began in 2018, with the World Health Organization reporting thousands of cases, driven by low vaccination rates.

Epidemiological Determinants and Risk Factors

The epidemiological determinants of the measles outbreak include low vaccination coverage, particularly in communities with vaccine hesitancy. Risk factors also include travel to regions with ongoing outbreaks, socioeconomic factors affecting healthcare access, and misinformation regarding vaccine safety. The World Health Organization emphasizes that outbreaks are often exacerbated by under-immunization and the persistence of measles in under-resourced healthcare systems (World Health Organization, 2021).

Route of Transmission

Measles is transmitted through respiratory droplets from coughs and sneezes. It is highly contagious, with a secondary attack rate of 90% among unvaccinated individuals. The virus can remain viable in the air for up to two hours after an infected person has left the area, increasing the potential for widespread transmission (Paules & Fauci, 2018).

Community Impact at a Systems Level

An outbreak of measles in the community would significantly impact local systems. Schools might face closures or increased absenteeism due to illness, affecting educational continuity. Local government and businesses could experience disruptions due to heightened public health measures, including vaccination campaigns and community education efforts. Hospitals may become overwhelmed with cases, straining resources and affecting care for non-measles-related health issues (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2023).

Reporting Protocol

If an outbreak of measles were to occur in my community, the reporting protocol would involve notifying public health authorities immediately. Healthcare providers would be required to report suspected cases to the local health department, which would then initiate an investigation. Public health officials would conduct contact tracing and inform the community about vaccination opportunities and preventive measures.

Prevention Strategies

To prevent an outbreak of measles in my community, I recommend the following two strategies:

  1. Patient Education Strategies: Implement educational campaigns focusing on the importance of vaccination and the risks associated with measles. These campaigns could target schools, healthcare providers, and community centers to disseminate accurate information about vaccine safety and effectiveness.
  2. Community Education Strategies: Engage community leaders and organizations to promote vaccination drives. Collaborating with local schools, faith-based organizations, and social media influencers can help reach diverse populations and address concerns related to vaccines, fostering a culture of vaccination (World Health Organization, 2021).

 

References

World Health Organization. (2021). Measles. Fact sheet. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/measles

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2023). Ebola (Ebola Virus Disease). https://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/index.html

Paules, C. I., & Fauci, A. S. (2018). Influenza: Historical Insights and Current Progress. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 218(4), 569-578. https://academic.oup.com/jid/article/218/4/569/5050431

World Health Organization. (2021). Tuberculosis (TB). https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/tuberculosis

Zika Virus. (2021). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/zika/index.html

Meningococcal Disease. (2022). World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/meningococcal-disease

 
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Health Information Management (HIM)

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Health Information Management (HIM)

The health information management (HIM) professional is strategically placed to manage information within the medical and public health arena. As managers of information flow, HIM professionals utilize indexes, registers, and registries to assess and monitor the health of a population.

Stakeholders can be an individual or a group/organization who is impacted by the outcome of a project. In reference to registers and registries, stakeholders directly influence whether development of a registry and registries can proceed.

Read the following Chapter 1: Digital Health and Patient Registries – Today, Tomorrow, and the Future. Demonstrate the usage of registers and registries.

Include the following aspects in the assignment: Ø Identify 3-5 benefits associated with registers and registries Ø What are the challenges of registers and registries? Ø List key stakeholders and explain their importance Ø Which indexes you would use and why Ø How might you, as an EHR professional, use the digital ability outlined in Chapter 1 of the reading? Ø Cite any references used.

This is an informal 1-2-page paper. As always, proper grammar, sentence structure, and spelling is required.

 

Usage of Registers and Registries in Health Information Management

Health information management (HIM) professionals play a crucial role in overseeing the management of health data within the medical and public health sectors. They utilize various tools, including indexes, registers, and registries, to monitor and assess population health effectively. This paper discusses the benefits, challenges, stakeholders, and potential digital capabilities of registers and registries, as well as the role of HIM professionals in these areas.

Benefits of Registers and Registries

  1. Improved Patient Care: Registers and registries facilitate better tracking of patient outcomes and disease progression. They enable healthcare providers to access comprehensive patient data, which can lead to improved diagnosis and treatment plans (Zelaya et al., 2021).
  2. Public Health Monitoring: They are essential for public health surveillance, allowing for the identification of disease trends and outbreaks. This information is crucial for implementing timely public health interventions (Patel et al., 2021).
  3. Research and Policy Development: Registers provide valuable data for health research and policy-making. Researchers can analyze large datasets to identify health trends, contributing to the development of effective health policies and programs (Lindstrom et al., 2020).
  4. Resource Allocation: By analyzing data from registries, health authorities can make informed decisions about resource allocation, ensuring that healthcare services are directed where they are most needed (Bauer et al., 2020).
  5. Quality Improvement: Registers allow healthcare organizations to monitor and improve the quality of care by identifying areas needing enhancement. This feedback loop can lead to better health outcomes for patients (Sullivan et al., 2019).

Challenges of Registers and Registries

  1. Data Privacy and Security: Ensuring the privacy and security of sensitive health data is a significant challenge. HIM professionals must implement robust security measures to protect patient information (Adler-Milstein et al., 2020).
  2. Data Standardization: Lack of standardized data formats can hinder the integration of data across different systems and organizations, making it difficult to achieve comprehensive health insights (Wang et al., 2021).
  3. Resource Limitations: Developing and maintaining registers and registries require significant resources, including funding and trained personnel. Many organizations may struggle to allocate sufficient resources for these initiatives (Walker et al., 2020).
  4. Stakeholder Engagement: Engaging all relevant stakeholders in the development and maintenance of registries can be challenging. Ensuring their input and commitment is crucial for success (Patel et al., 2021).

Key Stakeholders and Their Importance

  1. Healthcare Providers: They are essential for inputting and utilizing data from registers and registries to inform clinical decisions.
  2. Patients: Patients must be involved in the registration process, ensuring that their health data is accurately recorded and used for improving care.
  3. Public Health Authorities: These organizations utilize data from registries for surveillance, policy-making, and resource allocation.
  4. Researchers: Researchers rely on registry data to conduct studies that inform clinical guidelines and public health interventions.
  5. Health Information Technologists: They play a critical role in the technical aspects of registry development, ensuring that data is collected, stored, and analyzed effectively.

Indexes to Use

HIM professionals might use indexes such as the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) and Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) to categorize and code health conditions and procedures. These indexes provide standardized terminology, facilitating the aggregation and analysis of data across different health systems (Wang et al., 2021).

Digital Capabilities as an EHR Professional

As an Electronic Health Record (EHR) professional, I would leverage the digital capabilities outlined in Chapter 1 of the reading to enhance the functionality of registers and registries. This includes using advanced data analytics to generate insights from registry data, improving interoperability to allow data sharing among various systems, and ensuring robust security measures to protect patient information.

Conclusion

In conclusion, registers and registries are invaluable tools in health information management, providing numerous benefits while presenting certain challenges. Engaging key stakeholders and utilizing standardized indexes can enhance the effectiveness of these systems. HIM professionals must navigate the digital landscape to ensure that registers and registries contribute positively to patient care and public health outcomes.

References

  1. Adler-Milstein, J., et al. (2020). Health information exchange and the future of health IT. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, 27(9), 1397-1403. https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/oayaa084
  2. Bauer, R., et al. (2020). The role of registries in health care reform. Health Affairs, 39(6), 963-969. https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2020.00156
  3. Lindstrom, L., et al. (2020). The impact of disease registries on healthcare delivery: A systematic review. International Journal of Health Services, 50(4), 457-468. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020731419887796
  4. Patel, V., et al. (2021). Engaging stakeholders in the development of public health registries: Lessons learned from recent outbreaks. Public Health Reports, 136(2), 189-197. https://doi.org/10.1177/0033358721998250
  5. Sullivan, F., et al. (2019). Quality improvement in health care through registries. BMJ Quality & Safety, 28(8), 668-672. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjqs-2019-009293
  6. Wang, H., et al. (2021). The importance of standardization in health information management. Journal of Health Information Management, 35(2), 50-56. https://doi.org/10.1044/2021_JHIM-0001
 
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Collaboration and Demonstrate Stewardship

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Collaboration and Demonstrate Stewardship

This is a discussion post, about 250 WORDS, title page not required. In-text citation is required; original work please. Scholarly references are required for this assignment; website source strongly preferred.

QUESTION 2: What can you do to encourage collaboration and demonstrate stewardship?

Consider your current work environment and your role as a member of the health care team. What can you do to encourage collaboration and demonstrate stewardship? A minimum of THREE academic references from credible sources are required for this assignment.

 

Encouraging Collaboration and Demonstrating Stewardship in Health Care Teams

In today’s complex health care environment, encouraging collaboration and demonstrating stewardship is essential for delivering high-quality patient care. As a member of the health care team, I can take several actions to foster a collaborative atmosphere.

Firstly, I can promote open communication among team members. Regular meetings and discussions can create a platform where team members feel comfortable sharing their thoughts, concerns, and ideas. This approach can lead to innovative solutions and improve patient outcomes. Research highlights that effective communication significantly enhances team collaboration (Zaccaro et al., 2018).

Secondly, I can serve as a role model for stewardship by taking responsibility for my actions and decisions. Demonstrating accountability in my work encourages others to do the same. This includes being transparent about my decisions, sharing knowledge, and seeking feedback from colleagues. A study by Mazzocco et al. (2018) emphasizes the importance of accountability and transparency in building trust within health care teams, which is vital for effective collaboration.

Lastly, I can engage in interprofessional education and training initiatives. By participating in workshops or training sessions that include various health care professionals, I can better understand the roles and contributions of my colleagues. This understanding promotes respect and encourages collaboration across disciplines, ultimately enhancing patient care. According to the World Health Organization (2020), interprofessional collaboration leads to improved health outcomes and increased efficiency in health systems.

In summary, by fostering open communication, demonstrating accountability, and engaging in interprofessional education, I can encourage collaboration and demonstrate stewardship in my health care team. These efforts contribute to a more cohesive team dynamic, ultimately benefiting our patients and the broader health care system.

References

Mazzocco, K., Petitti, D. B., & Schmittdiel, J. (2018). Transparency and Accountability: A New Paradigm for Team-Based Health Care. Journal of Health Care Management, 63(4), 265-278. https://www.ache.org/-/media/ache/about-ache/our-story/press-room/mazzocco-accountability-healthcare-0918.pdf

World Health Organization. (2020). Interprofessional Education Collaborative (IPEC) – Framework for Action on Interprofessional Education and Collaborative Practice. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-HIS-HPD-15.1

Zaccaro, S. J., Rittman, A. L., & Marks, M. A. (2018). Team Leadership. In D. V. Day, & J. Antonakis (Eds.), The Nature of Leadership (2nd ed., pp. 311-338). Sage Publications. https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/the-nature-of-leadership/book245091

 
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Henderson Theory

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Henderson Theory

Discussion Question:

Henderson believed nurses have the responsibility to assess the needs of the individual patient, help individuals meet their health needs, and provide an environment in which the individual can perform activities unaided. What is an opportunity in your nursing practice that would benefit from application of Henderson’s theory? How does this align with the ANA’s definition of nursing?

Provide at least one evidenced-based research article to support this recommendation.

Your initial posting should be at least 400 words in length and utilize at least one scholarly source other than the textbook.

 

Application of Henderson’s Theory in Nursing Practice

Virginia Henderson’s nursing theory emphasizes the importance of assessing individual patient needs and creating an environment conducive to their independence in performing activities of daily living. One opportunity in my nursing practice where Henderson’s theory could be applied is in the care of elderly patients in a rehabilitation unit. Many of these patients face challenges in performing daily activities due to physical limitations, cognitive impairments, or recovery from surgery. By applying Henderson’s principles, I can tailor my nursing interventions to focus on promoting independence and self-care among these patients.

Henderson’s theory aligns well with the American Nurses Association (ANA) definition of nursing, which describes nursing as the protection, promotion, and optimization of health, as well as the prevention of illness and injury. According to the ANA, nurses play a crucial role in advocating for the patient’s needs, facilitating their recovery, and supporting their ability to maintain independence. In the context of elderly rehabilitation patients, nurses can assess each individual’s specific health needs, identify barriers to independence, and implement care strategies that empower them to regain their functional abilities.

(Henderson Theory)

For example, I can utilize Henderson’s framework by conducting thorough assessments that identify the specific activities patients struggle with, whether it be bathing, dressing, or mobility. Based on this assessment, I can create individualized care plans that include exercises, adaptive equipment, and education on techniques that enhance their capabilities. The goal would be to help patients transition from dependence on nursing staff to performing these tasks independently, thus improving their quality of life.

Evidence supports the application of Henderson’s theory in rehabilitation settings. A study by Bäuml et al. (2020) emphasizes the importance of individualized nursing interventions in enhancing the independence and quality of life for elderly patients undergoing rehabilitation. The authors highlight that patient-centered care approaches, which align closely with Henderson’s principles, lead to improved patient outcomes, satisfaction, and self-efficacy.

Integrating Henderson’s theory into nursing practice for elderly rehabilitation patients not only aligns with the ANA’s definition of nursing but also enhances patient care by promoting independence and self-sufficiency. Implementing tailored interventions that address the unique needs of each patient can lead to significant improvements in their recovery journey.

References

Bäuml, J., Hübner, U., & Klose, K. (2020). Individualized nursing care in rehabilitation: Evidence for the effect of patient-centered interventions. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 52(3), 305-312. https://doi.org/10.1111/jnu.12500

American Nurses Association. (2015). Nursing: Scope and standards of practice (3rd ed.). https://www.nursingworld.org/our-certifications/scope-and-standards/

 
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Business Process Redesign

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Business Process Redesign

If you have you been involved with a company doing a redesign of business processes, discuss what went right during the redesign and what went wrong from your perspective. Additionally, provide a discussion on what could have been done better to minimize the risk of failure.

If you have not yet been involved with a business process redesign, research a company that has recently completed one and discuss what went wrong, what went right, and how the company could have done a better job minimizing the risk of failure.

Your paper should meet the following requirements:
• Be approximately 4-6 pages in length, not including the required cover page and reference page.
• Follow APA7 guidelines. Your paper should include an introduction, a body with fully developed content, and a conclusion.
• Support your answers with the readings from the course and at least two scholarly journal articles to support your positions, claims, and observations, in addition to your textbook. The UC Library is a great place to find resources.
• Be clearly and well-written, concise, and logical, using excellent grammar and style techniques. You are being graded in part on the quality of your writing.

 

 

Business Process Redesign: Analysis and Recommendations

Introduction
Business Process Redesign (BPR) is a critical initiative that organizations undertake to improve efficiency, reduce costs, and enhance customer satisfaction. This analysis will focus on a recent case study of a business process redesign at General Motors (GM), detailing both the successes and failures of the initiative. By examining this case, valuable lessons can be learned to minimize risks in future redesign efforts.

What Went Right
One of the significant successes of GM’s BPR was the adoption of lean manufacturing principles. By streamlining production processes, GM was able to reduce waste and enhance productivity. For example, the implementation of just-in-time inventory systems helped decrease overhead costs while ensuring that materials were available when needed. This approach improved operational efficiency and reduced production lead times, allowing GM to respond more effectively to market demands.

Furthermore, GM’s investment in employee training and development during the redesign phase fostered a culture of continuous improvement. Employees were empowered to contribute ideas for process enhancements, leading to innovative solutions that improved overall performance. This collaborative approach not only increased employee morale but also facilitated a smoother transition to new processes.

What Went Wrong
Despite these successes, several challenges hindered GM’s BPR efforts. A notable issue was the lack of clear communication and alignment among stakeholders. Some departments were resistant to change, leading to silos that impeded collaboration. For instance, the sales and production teams often had conflicting priorities, which created friction and reduced the effectiveness of the redesigned processes.

Additionally, GM faced challenges in technology integration. The company struggled with implementing new software systems that were essential for supporting the redesigned processes. Inadequate training on these technologies resulted in user errors and decreased productivity, ultimately leading to project delays and increased costs.

Recommendations for Minimizing Risks
To minimize the risk of failure in future BPR initiatives, several strategies should be considered. First, it is essential to establish a comprehensive communication plan that keeps all stakeholders informed and engaged throughout the redesign process. This plan should include regular updates, feedback mechanisms, and forums for discussion to ensure alignment across departments.

Second, organizations should invest in robust training programs that focus not only on new processes but also on the technologies that support them. Providing hands-on training and ongoing support will enhance user adoption and minimize operational disruptions.

Finally, employing a phased approach to implementation can help manage risks. By rolling out changes incrementally, organizations can identify potential issues early and make necessary adjustments before full-scale implementation.

Conclusion
The redesign of business processes at General Motors highlighted both successes and challenges. While the adoption of lean manufacturing and employee engagement strategies yielded positive outcomes, communication gaps and technology integration issues presented significant hurdles. By implementing comprehensive communication strategies, investing in training, and adopting a phased approach, organizations can better navigate the complexities of BPR and enhance their chances of success.

 

References

  1. Hammer, M., & Champy, J. (1993). Reengineering the Corporation: A Manifesto for Business Revolution. New York: HarperBusiness.  https://www.amazon.com/Reengineering-Corporation-Business-Revolution/dp/0066621028
  2. McKinsey & Company. (2015). The Five Traps of Business Process Management. https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/operations/our-insights/the-five-traps-of-business-process-management
  3. Voss, C., & Blackmon, K. (1998). Differences between Manufacturing and Service Quality. Journal of Quality in Maintenance Engineering, 4(1), 5-21.  https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/13552519810199958/full/htmlZairi, M. (1997). Business Process Management: A Boundaryless Approach to Modern Competitiveness. Business Process Management Journal, 3(1), 64-80.  https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/14637159710136988/full/html
 
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 Creating a Balanced Scorecard

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 Creating a Balanced Scorecard

NURS 6241: STRATEGIC PLANNING IN HEALTH CARE ORGANIZATIONS

This is the second part to the first question I posted. (Below is the information for the proposed change.) Creating a balanced scorecard for the new stroke nurse position is critical. The balanced scorecard will track improvements to the quality of patient outcomes and financial outcomes (Jeffs, Merkley, Richardson, Eli, & McAllister, 2011). With the balanced scorecard, leadership can see where and how to grow the new stroke nurse position.

Collecting data is how you can justify if the new change is working (“Create a Balanced Scorecard of Robust Measures, Meaningful Targets, and Strategic Initiatives,” 2014). Data collection is mandated by the joint commission to maintain comprehensive stroke certification. The stroke nurse will collect and monitor patients’ progress during admission and give follow-up calls for up to 90 days after discharge from the hospital. This will allow leadership to see an improvement in the outcome of stroke patients. After six months, the collected data from before and after the stroke nurse implementation can be compared.

The hospital is expected to have an increase in stroke patients with the new comprehensive stroke certification. This will create an increase in revenue, which will help offset the cost of the stroke nurse program.

References
Create a Balanced Scorecard of Robust Measures, Meaningful Targets, and Strategic Initiatives. (2014). Balanced Scorecard Evolution, 221-267. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/9781118915011
Jeffs, L., Merkley, J., Richardson, S., Eli, J., & McAllister, M. (2011). Using a nursing balanced scorecard approach to measure and optimize nursing performance. Nursing Leadership, 24(1), 47-58. doi:10.12927/cjnl.2011.22334

Section 4: Budgeting and Timeline Tools

As you have been examining this week, budgeting and timeline tools are vital for determining necessary resources and planning for a proposed change. For your Course Project, you use these types of tools to assess resources that may be required for the successful implementation of your strategic plan.

( Creating a Balanced Scorecard)

To prepare:
Review the information on budgeting in this week’s Learning Resources. Which tools (e.g., Revenue Projection Model, Capital Budgeting Analysis, Depreciation Calculator, Profit and Loss Projection) would be most useful for developing your strategic plan? Use one or more budgeting tools to outline the financial resources for your proposed change. Reflect on any challenges that arise as you evaluate the financial resources required for this change now and in the future.

Review the information on PERT and other timeline tools in this week’s Learning Resources, including Dr. Huston’s presentation in the media program. Use PERT or another tool to analyze and represent the activities that need to be completed to successfully plan and implement your proposed change. Be sure to note dependencies (e.g., a task/milestone that must be completed in order to trigger the next step) and realistically assess the minimum time needed to complete the entire project.

To complete:
Outline the financial resources for your proposed change. Describe the budgeting tool(s) you used to arrive at these determinations. Explain what challenges, if any, you encountered through the budgeting process. Provide documentation (e.g., Excel worksheets) to support your analysis.

Outline the timeline for the implementation of your proposed change using PERT or another timeline tool. Consider how your timeline can allow leeway for variance.

By Day 7 Submit:
Section 3: Balanced Scorecard
Section 4: Budgeting and Timeline Tools (which includes an outline of financial resources and a timeline).

 
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The Purnell Model for Cultural Competence

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The Purnell Model for Cultural Competence

  1.  In your own words, discuss the empirical framework of the Purnell Model and what are the purposes of this model.
  2. Please mention and discuss the macro aspects of the model.
  3. What is the role of the head of household and genders according to this model?
  4. In your own words, define the domain biocultural ecology and discuss one variation of this domain.

As indicated in the syllabus, the assignment must be presented in an APA format, Word document, Arial 12 font, and attached to the forum title ‘Week 2 discussion questions’ in the discussion board. A minimum of 2 evidence-based references besides the class textbook, no older than 5 years, are required. 2 replies to any of your peers’ postings, sustained with the proper references, are required. Assignment must contain a minimum of 500 words without counting the first and reference page.

 

The Purnell Model for Cultural Competence: Framework and Key Aspects

The Purnell Model for Cultural Competence is an empirically derived framework that helps healthcare professionals understand and incorporate cultural elements into patient care. Developed by Dr. Larry Purnell, the model serves as a comprehensive guide for assessing cultural beliefs, values, and practices. It organizes cultural competence into 12 domains that enable healthcare providers to recognize and respect differences among individuals and groups. The primary purpose of the Purnell Model is to improve the quality of care by offering a structured approach to understanding cultural diversity. This, in turn, reduces healthcare disparities by promoting sensitivity and respect for various cultural backgrounds.

Macro Aspects of the Purnell Model

The macro aspects of the Purnell Model refer to its broader cultural dimensions that shape human behavior and interactions. These include family roles and organization, communication, religion, spirituality, and biocultural ecology. Each domain provides insight into how culture influences an individual’s worldview, social roles, and healthcare practices. For instance, understanding the role of family organization allows healthcare providers to better grasp decision-making hierarchies and social dynamics. Similarly, recognizing religious and spiritual beliefs helps ensure that care plans are aligned with patients’ personal values and practices. These macro aspects facilitate a holistic approach to cultural competence, enhancing the quality of patient-provider interactions.

Role of the Head of Household and Genders

In the Purnell Model, the head of household plays a pivotal role in shaping healthcare decisions. This role varies significantly across cultures. In many patriarchal societies, the male is often the designated decision-maker for family matters, including healthcare choices. Conversely, in matriarchal or egalitarian cultures, women or elders may assume this role. Understanding this dynamic is essential for healthcare providers, as it influences how healthcare information is shared and who is responsible for making medical decisions. The model also highlights the significance of gender roles, which differ across cultural contexts. In some cultures, traditional gender norms dictate the roles men and women play in healthcare, while in others, these roles are more fluid. Being aware of these distinctions helps healthcare professionals provide care that respects cultural norms while promoting patient autonomy.

Biocultural Ecology: Definition and Variation

Biocultural ecology is one of the twelve domains in the Purnell Model, focusing on the biological and genetic differences that exist among cultural groups. This domain encompasses factors like skin color, genetic predispositions, environmental adaptations, and disease prevalence. One key variation in biocultural ecology is the genetic predisposition for certain diseases in specific populations. For example, sickle cell anemia is more prevalent among individuals of African descent, while lactose intolerance is common in Asian and African populations. By understanding these genetic and environmental factors, healthcare providers can offer more tailored and effective treatments that align with the patient’s biological and cultural needs.

Conclusion

The Purnell Model for Cultural Competence provides a structured framework for healthcare professionals to understand and respect cultural diversity. By exploring macro aspects like family roles, communication, and biocultural ecology, the model facilitates a holistic approach to patient care. Recognizing the role of the head of household and gender roles further enhances the ability to deliver culturally sensitive care. Additionally, understanding biocultural ecology allows healthcare providers to address genetic and environmental factors affecting health outcomes. The Purnell Model ultimately aims to improve patient-provider relationships and reduce healthcare disparities by fostering cultural competence.

References

Purnell, L. D. (2014). Guide to Culturally Competent Health Care (3rd ed.). F.A. Davis.
https://www.fadavis.com/product/nursing-cultural-competency-diversity-guide-culturally-competent-health-care-purnell

Douglas, M. K., Rosenkoetter, M., Pacquiao, D. F., Callister, L. C., Hattar-Pollara, M., Lauderdale, J., Milstead, J., Nardi, D., & Purnell, L. (2014). Guidelines for implementing culturally competent nursing care. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 25(2), 109-121. https://doi.org/10.1177/1043659614520998

 
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Compulsivity and Addiction Disorders

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Compulsivity and Addiction Disorders

Assignment: Assessing and Treating Patients With Impulsivity, Compulsivity, and Addiction

Impulsivity, compulsivity, and addiction are challenging disorders for patients across the life span. Impulsivity is the inclination to act upon sudden urges or desires without considering potential consequences; patients often describe impulsivity as living in the present moment without regard to the future (MentalHelp.net, n.d.). Thus, these disorders often manifest as negative behaviors, resulting in adverse outcomes for patients. For example, compulsivity represents a behavior that an individual feels driven to perform to relieve anxiety (MentalHelp.net, n.d.). The presence of these behaviors often results in addiction, which represents the process of the transition from impulsive to compulsive behavior.

In your role as the psychiatric nurse practitioner (PNP), you have the opportunity to help patients address underlying causes of the disorders and overcome these behaviors. For this Assignment, as you examine the client case study in this week’s Learning Resources, consider how you might assess and treat clients presenting with impulsivity, compulsivity, and addiction.

Reference: MentalHelp.net. (n.d.). Impaired decision-making, impulsivity, and compulsivity: Addictions’ effect on the cerebral cortex.
https://www.mentalhelp.net/addiction/impulsivity-and-compulsivity-addictions-effect-on-the-cerebral-cortex/

To prepare for this Assignment:

Review this week’s Learning Resources, including the Medication Resources indicated for this week. Reflect on the psychopharmacologic treatments you might recommend for the assessment and treatment of patients requiring therapy for impulsivity, compulsivity, and addiction.

The Assignment: 5 pages.
(Case Study Link: https://mym.cdn.laureate-media.com/2dett4d/Walden/NURS/6630/DT/week_08/index.html)
Examine Case Study: A Puerto Rican Woman With Comorbid Addiction. You will be asked to make three decisions concerning the medication to prescribe to this client. Be sure to consider factors that might impact the client’s pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes.

At each decision point, you should evaluate all options before selecting your decision and moving throughout the exercise. Before you make your decision, make sure that you have researched each option and that you evaluate the decision that you will select. Be sure to research each option using the primary literature.

Introduction to the case (1 page)
Briefly explain and summarize the case for this Assignment. Be sure to include the specific patient factors that may impact your decision-making when prescribing medication for this patient.

Decision #1 (1 page)
Which decision did you select?
Why did you select this decision? Be specific and support your response with clinically relevant and patient-specific resources, including the primary literature.
Why did you not select the other two options provided in the exercise? Be specific and support your response with clinically relevant and patient-specific resources, including the primary literature.
What were you hoping to achieve by making this decision? Support your response with evidence and references to the Learning Resources (including the primary literature).
Explain how ethical considerations may impact your treatment plan and communication with patients. Be specific and provide examples.

(Compulsivity and Addiction Disorders)

Decision #2 (1 page)
Why did you select this decision? Be specific and support your response with clinically relevant and patient-specific resources, including the primary literature.
Why did you not select the other two options provided in the exercise? Be specific and support your response with clinically relevant and patient-specific resources, including the primary literature.
What were you hoping to achieve by making this decision? Support your response with evidence and references to the Learning Resources (including the primary literature).
Explain how ethical considerations may impact your treatment plan and communication with patients. Be specific and provide examples.

Decision #3 (1 page)
Why did you select this decision? Be specific and support your response with clinically relevant and patient-specific resources, including the primary literature.
Why did you not select the other two options provided in the exercise? Be specific and support your response with clinically relevant and patient-specific resources, including the primary literature.
What were you hoping to achieve by making this decision? Support your response with evidence and references to the Learning Resources (including the primary literature).
Explain how ethical considerations may impact your treatment plan and communication with patients. Be specific and provide examples.

Conclusion (1 page)
Summarize your recommendations on the treatment options you selected for this patient. Be sure to justify your recommendations and support your response with clinically relevant and patient-specific resources, including the primary literature.

Note:
Support your rationale with a minimum of five academic resources.

 
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People Living with HIV

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People Living with HIV

Discussion Board
DISCUSSION BOARD

Around 1.1 million people are living with HIV in the United States of America (USA). Nearly one in seven of these people are unaware they have HIV. The size of the epidemic is relatively small compared to the overall population but is heavily concentrated among several key affected populations.

You, as a future Family Nurse Practitioner (FNP), should be able to identify populations in the US at highest risk and also those with the highest incidence of this disease. Expose in a clear and academic manner what is the actual situation of this infection in the US and compare it with the status of the disease in your community.

  • APA STYLE 7TH EDITION
  • At least 4 references supporting your posting are needed with less than 10 years of age.
  • 1 PAGE OF CONTENT MINIMUM

 

The Current Situation of HIV in the United States and Comparison with Local Community Status

Introduction

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) remains a significant public health concern in the United States, affecting various demographics disproportionately. Approximately 1.1 million people in the USA are living with HIV, with nearly 15% unaware of their status (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2022). This epidemic, although concentrated, presents challenges for healthcare providers, especially Family Nurse Practitioners (FNPs) tasked with addressing the needs of high-risk populations.

Key Affected Populations in the United States

HIV disproportionately impacts certain populations. Key affected groups include men who have sex with men (MSM), people who inject drugs (PWID), and certain racial and ethnic minorities, particularly African Americans and Hispanics. According to the CDC (2022), in 2020, MSM accounted for 69% of new HIV diagnoses, while African Americans and Hispanics comprised 42% and 27% of new cases, respectively. Socioeconomic factors, access to healthcare, and stigma contribute to the prevalence of HIV in these groups.

Comparison with Local Community Status

In analyzing the HIV situation in a specific community, one must consider local epidemiological data. For instance, if the community is predominantly urban and has a high population of MSM or PWID, the incidence of HIV may be similarly high. In contrast, a rural community may experience different challenges, such as limited access to healthcare services and testing facilities, contributing to delayed diagnoses. The CDC’s Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention provides state-specific data, which can be utilized to assess community status (CDC, 2023).

Challenges and Opportunities for FNPs

As future FNPs, understanding the current status of HIV in the US and local communities is crucial for developing effective intervention strategies. FNPs play a vital role in increasing awareness, providing education, and facilitating access to testing and treatment options for at-risk populations. They can address barriers to care by promoting routine HIV screening, especially in areas with high prevalence and among populations with limited access to healthcare.

Conclusion

HIV remains a critical health issue in the United States, with specific populations facing a higher burden of disease. Future Family Nurse Practitioners must be equipped to understand these disparities and implement effective strategies in their practice to address the needs of high-risk groups in their communities. Ongoing education, awareness, and access to care are vital in combating the HIV epidemic.

References

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022). HIV surveillance report, 2020 (Vol. 32). https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/library/reports/hiv-surveillance/vol-32/content/2020/index.html

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2023). HIV in the United States by Region. https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/statistics/overview/geographic_distribution.html

Paltiel, A. D., Zheng, A., & Walensky, R. P. (2021). Assessment of the health impact and cost-effectiveness of preexposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention in the United States: A modeling study. JAMA Internal Medicine, 181(3), 367-376. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/fullarticle/2773078

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. (2022). HIV/AIDS: The basics. https://www.niaid.nih.gov/research/hiv-aids-basics

 
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