Plea Bargaining: Purpose & Critique

Plea Bargaining: Purpose & Critique

(Plea Bargaining: Purpose & Critique)

answer the discussion question with a minimum of 150 words. Please use apa format for works cited. Then respond to student a and b response to the question with a minimum of 50 words.

question: at purpose does plea bargaining serve for the defense? For the prosecution? Given the criticism leveled against plea bargaining, do you believe that it is an acceptable practice?

STUDENT A: Plea Bargaining is useful to both the defendant and the prosecution. Firstly, according to Frank Schmalleger’s Criminal Justice Today, An Introductory Text for the 21st Century (pg. 322) a plea bargaining is “the process of negotiating an agreement among the defendant, the prosecutor, and the court as to an appropriate sentence. . . reduces the time required for the resolution of a criminal case.” This practice allows the necessary time that it typically takes for a court case to conclude and reduces it significantly. Allowing another case to be heard and does not waste both the jury’s and the judge’s time with a case that can be easily concluded. Since, the majority of those convicted of a crime that receives a plea bargain either has, poor evidence or there is a lot of evidence stacked against them. Not to mention this allows those who are convicted to have a shorter sentence. Regardless of the criticism of plea bargaining, I still think that the practice should be still used since it saves time for everyone in the courtroom. What do you think?

STUDENT B: A plea bargaining is an arrangement between a prosecutor and defense in which the suspect pleads guilty to a lesser sentence. The plea bargain is a quicker process for the courts and allow both the prosecutor and defense from going to trial. The purpose of a plea bargain for the defense is so that they could receive a lighter sentence instead of going to trial and getting the maximum sentence. It sometimes reduces the charges, so that instead of them getting charged with rape they will get charged with assault instead. Like I stated earlier it is a quicker process so the defendant doesn’t have to keep waiting and they can go one with their lives. For Prosecutors plea bargaining saves them the time and money that they will need in order to prepare for trial. I think plea bargaining is a great system for those who are guilty and want to save time and also get a lighter sentence. A trial cost money so a plea bargain helps saves a lot of money for the prosecutor, defender, and the courts. Yes it can be bad for someone who is not guilty and might take it so that they don’t have to waste their money and take their chances going to court. If the defendant is really guilty i think this would be their best chance of getting a lighter sentence.

 
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Culture’s Influence Through Media

Culture’s Influence Through Media

(Culture’s Influence Through Media)

Discussion Board

Culture and Subculture

300-500 words;

 

Primary Task Response: Within the Discussion Board area, write 300-500 words that respond to the following questions with your thoughts, ideas, and comments. This will be the foundation for future discussions by your classmates. Be substantive and clear, and use examples to reinforce your ideas.

Unit 2 has discussed how sociologists identify cultures and subcultures, and how both have unique components—language, values, norms (behaviors), and food. For this Discussion Board, you will dive deeper into culture by completing the following:

  1. Using the textbook located on your Bookshelf, define each of the four components of culture—language, values, norms (behaviors), and food. Be sure to paraphrase and cite your sources; do not copy and paste from the textbook.
  2. Next, choose a popular television show (examples include The Simpsons, The Big Bang Theory, The Goldbergs, and Orange is the New Black) or a movie you have enjoyed.
    • For your chosen show or movie, provide specific examples for each component of culture (language, values, norms, and food) found within your show or movie. For example, in The Simpsons, language can be seen with the word “D’oh” and the phrase, “Don’t have a cow, man!”
    • Each TV show could be said to represent a subculture of mainstream society. How are each of the four components of culture (language, values, norms, and food) identified above different from or similar to what you would expect to see in mainstream American culture?
  3. Finally, choose 1 of the following theorists: Durkheim, Marx, or Cooley. What does your chosen theorist say about the role of culture in shaping human behavior?

This information is below in the Attachment Section :Using the textbook located on your Bookshelf, define each of the four components of culture—language, values, norms (behaviors), and food. Be sure to paraphrase and cite your sources; do not copy and paste from the textbook.

 
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Understanding Augmented Reality

Understanding Augmented Reality (AR)

(Understanding Augmented Reality)

For This assignment, you are to write a 2 page report on Augmented Reality. Explain What AR is and list a few examples of how its being used. Also, you will need to find two examples of AR projects and provided a summary. Please stick to scholarly sources and be sure to cite in APA format. (Note** If you find a project that you really find interesting, but it blends over into mixed or virtual reality instead of pure AR, its still fine to use, just be sure to explain).

Next we will focus on Augmented Reality. We will have to touch on virtual reality and mixed reality a bit as well as there is a lot of overlap in the technologies. Instead of posting a bunch of reading materials, I have posted few video links to check out. The AR article from last week ties in well with a few definitions and examples of Howit can be used in an educational context. If you didn’t get a chance to look at it last week or can’t stream the videos, be sure to take a look instead. Page 2 of the document shows a continuum of mixed reality between the virtual and the real.

For this topic, check out some of the videos below, and then complete the homework assignment posted in the Homework tab that will require a little more research (Details listed in the HW link). The homework will be due Monday June 25th . Transcripts are available by clicking on the ellipsis icon above the subscribe button. It will give you an option to open the transcript.

What’s the Difference between Virtual Reality, Mixed Reality and Augmented Reality?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CouwkAoR0Lg

VR AR MR What’s It All Mean?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2RK881UGjsA

Will virtual and augmented reality move us into the knowledge age? | TEDx

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2FA-IuDTMjE

Augmented Reality in 2018 / 2017 Year in Review

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kC7OlweCJ8I

Examples:

10 Unique Things You Can Do with Augmented Reality

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q83gKk5jbto

Augmented Reality – The Future of Building

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CRcKpl17JgY

Super Mario Bros Recreated as Life Size Augmented Reality Game

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QN95nNDtxjo

Understanding Augmented Reality (AR): Applications and Examples.

Introduction

  • Start by defining Augmented Reality (AR): Explain how AR overlays digital information, images, and interactive elements onto the real world. Mention that unlike Virtual Reality (VR), which immerses users in a fully digital environment, AR enhances the physical world by adding digital components.
  • Briefly mention Mixed Reality (MR), where physical and digital elements coexist and interact in real-time, combining aspects of both VR and AR.

What is AR and How is it Different?

  • AR integrates digital information into the physical world, allowing users to see both digital and real-world objects simultaneously.
  • Discuss the continuum of mixed reality, from pure reality to pure virtual environments, with AR lying between these extremes. Mention that MR is often considered a bridge between AR and VR, where digital elements interact with the physical environment in more sophisticated ways.

Current Uses of Augmented Reality

  • Education: AR in education allows interactive learning experiences, such as visualizing complex concepts in 3D (e.g., anatomy for medical students).
  • Retail: AR helps customers visualize products in their homes before purchase (e.g., IKEA’s AR app that places furniture in your living room).
  • Healthcare: Surgeons use AR for real-time guidance during procedures, overlaying digital visuals on patients’ bodies for more precise operations.

Examples of AR Projects

  1. Google Lens: This AR app allows users to scan real-world items and receive real-time information about them. For instance, users can point their phone camera at text in a foreign language to translate it instantly or scan a product to find where it’s sold online.
    • Summary: Google Lens uses AR to add layers of information to physical objects, making real-world learning and interaction seamless and convenient. This project demonstrates AR’s educational and practical utility, especially in language learning and shopping contexts.
  2. Microsoft HoloLens in Architecture: Microsoft’s HoloLens headset is used in architectural design, allowing architects and clients to visualize buildings at scale before construction. This headset falls under AR and MR, as users can see the room or environment around them while interacting with 3D building models.
    • Summary: HoloLens merges real-world spaces with digital architectural models, enabling collaborative design reviews and reducing potential design flaws before building. This project exemplifies AR/MR in professional environments, particularly in enhancing design and construction processes.

Conclusion

  • Summarize AR’s versatility in various fields, from education to healthcare and retail, showcasing its potential to transform experiences.
  • Mention the expected growth of AR, which will likely bring more interactive and immersive applications into everyday life.
  • Conclude with a note on the blending of VR, AR, and MR as emerging technologies that will increasingly shape how we interact with information, learn, and engage with our environments.

References

  • Use APA style citations to reference any articles, books, or scholarly sources you used for research.
  • Since you’re working from videos as well, you can include these sources in the references, formatting them according to APA guidelines for audiovisual materials.
 
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Evolution of Health Systems

Evolution of Health Systems

(Evolution of Health Systems)

medical sociology discussion 2

These are 2 separate questions so please to not put them together, also each question should be at least 200 words each.

1. Describe how medical and social ideas about mental illness have evolved over time.

2. If you were the leader of a country, why would you want to ensure that your citizens had adequate health care? Which of the models covered in the textbook would you want for your country? Explain your answer. Please refer to the textbook The Sociology of Health, Illness, and Health Care: A Critical Approach by Rose Weitz

Please do not use journals/articles for references. Use references that are verifiable by clicking on the link and not something that has to be paid for in order to check references.

(Evolution of Health Systems)

1. Describe how medical and social ideas about mental illness have evolved over time.

The understanding of mental illness has undergone significant transformations over the centuries, moving from supernatural explanations to more scientific and sociological interpretations. In early history, mental illness was often seen through a religious or spiritual lens. Ancient civilizations, such as the Greeks and Romans, viewed mental disorders as the result of divine punishment or demonic possession. These ideas persisted well into the Middle Ages, where mental illness was sometimes linked to witchcraft or moral failings, leading to cruel treatments like exorcisms or confinement in asylums.

During the Enlightenment period, the emergence of scientific thought began to shift perspectives. Figures like Philippe Pinel in France advocated for more humane treatment of the mentally ill, such as removing restraints and allowing patients to have more freedom. This was a step toward recognizing that mental illness could be a medical condition rather than a moral failing. By the 19th and early 20th centuries, the medical model of mental illness began to dominate. Theories such as those proposed by Sigmund Freud focused on psychological causes of mental illness, while the development of psychiatry as a medical field advanced diagnostic criteria and treatments, such as electroconvulsive therapy and psychotropic medications.

In the mid-20th century, the social model of mental illness gained traction, emphasizing the role of societal factors like poverty, inequality, and stigma in shaping the experience and treatment of mental illness. This perspective argued that mental illness cannot be fully understood without considering the broader social context. The deinstitutionalization movement of the 1960s and 1970s, which pushed for more community-based care, reflected this shift. Today, the understanding of mental illness is a complex intersection of biological, psychological, and social factors, with treatment approaches incorporating both medical and therapeutic interventions.

2. If you were the leader of a country, why would you want to ensure that your citizens had adequate health care? Which of the models covered in the textbook would you want for your country? Explain your answer.As a leader of a country, ensuring that citizens have access to adequate healthcare is essential for promoting the overall well-being of the population and fostering a productive, healthy society. Adequate healthcare ensures that all individuals, regardless of their socio-economic status, have the opportunity to receive necessary medical attention, preventing the spread of infectious diseases, reducing the burden of chronic conditions, and improving quality of life. Moreover, access to healthcare promotes social equity, as it helps to level the playing field between different socio-economic groups, ultimately reducing health disparities.

In terms of the model of healthcare, I would choose a universal health care system modeled on the Beveridge Model. This model, as described in The Sociology of Health, Illness, and Health Care: A Critical Approach by Rose Weitz, is where the government owns and operates most healthcare services. In this model, healthcare is financed through taxation, and the goal is to ensure that every citizen has access to healthcare services free at the point of use. This model aligns with the values of social justice and equity, providing a framework in which the government takes responsibility for the health of its people.

The Beveridge model has been successfully implemented in countries such as the United Kingdom, where the National Health Service (NHS) provides comprehensive care for all citizens. This approach allows for better control over healthcare costs and reduces administrative overhead compared to privatized systems. As a leader, I would prioritize the health and well-being of citizens as a fundamental right, which would be guaranteed through universal access to care. In a world where health disparities are often a result of systemic inequalities, adopting the Beveridge model would be an essential step toward creating a healthier, more equitable society for all citizens.

 
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Challenges in Telehealth Adoption

Challenges in Telehealth Adoption

Question: Why has telehealth adoption taken so long in the health-care industry when Skype, cell phones, and other video conferencing applications have been used in personal and business interactions for decades?
(Challenges in Telehealth Adoption)
Challenges in Telehealth Adoption
The adoption of telehealth in the health care industry has faced a slower trajectory than many other sectors, despite the widespread availability and use of video conferencing technologies like Skype and cell phones for personal and business purposes. Several factors explain this delay, ranging from regulatory barriers to infrastructure challenges and concerns regarding patient privacy. By looking into the key reasons behind this delay, it becomes clear that the complexity of health care, unlike other industries, requires solutions that go beyond basic video conferencing tools.

Regulatory and Legal Barriers

One of the most significant barriers to telehealth adoption has been regulatory issues. Health care is a heavily regulated industry, with strict requirements to ensure patient safety, care standards, and confidentiality. In many countries, health care providers must comply with local, national, and even international regulations regarding licensing and practice. For example, a doctor in one state or country may not be allowed to provide telehealth services to a patient in another state or country without the proper licensing. This fragmented system of licensure has made it difficult for providers to offer telehealth services across regions.

Furthermore, telehealth must comply with privacy laws such as the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) in the United States. HIPAA sets stringent rules for the handling and transmission of patient information, including during telehealth interactions. Many consumer video conferencing tools do not meet these strict privacy standards, making their use in medical consultations risky. As a result, health care organizations have been hesitant to adopt technologies that could potentially expose them to legal liabilities.

Technology Infrastructure and Access

Another factor slowing down telehealth adoption is the technological infrastructure required to deliver quality care remotely. While video conferencing tools like Skype can handle casual conversations, telehealth often involves the sharing of sensitive and complex health data. Many telehealth services require high-quality video and audio, reliable internet connections, and the ability to integrate with electronic health record (EHR) systems. In some rural or underserved areas, patients may not have access to the high-speed internet needed for smooth video consultations.

Additionally, telehealth platforms need to be compatible with medical devices such as digital stethoscopes, otoscopes, or blood pressure monitors. These technologies allow health care providers to conduct thorough examinations remotely, ensuring patients receive the same standard of care they would in person. The lack of such integration in early video conferencing platforms slowed the development and widespread adoption of telehealth.

Provider and Patient Acceptance

Another reason for the slow adoption of telehealth in health care is the hesitation from both health care providers and patients. Many providers have been slow to embrace telehealth due to concerns about its effectiveness. Health care is traditionally seen as a hands-on profession, with physical examinations playing a key role in diagnosis and treatment. This mindset has created skepticism about the ability of telehealth to provide the same level of care.

Moreover, telehealth requires providers to adapt to new ways of interacting with patients, managing workflows, and documenting care. The transition to telehealth may require additional training, which some providers have been reluctant to undertake, particularly if they are uncertain about the long-term value of these services.

Patients, on the other hand, may also be hesitant to adopt telehealth, particularly older populations or those unfamiliar with technology. Concerns about the quality of care, trust in remote consultations, and the ability to navigate telehealth platforms have contributed to slower patient uptake.
(Challenges in Telehealth Adoption)

Financial and Reimbursement Issues

Financial and reimbursement challenges also contribute to the slow adoption of telehealth. Health care systems and providers need to be compensated for telehealth services just as they are for in-person visits. However, reimbursement policies for telehealth have historically been inconsistent. Some insurance providers and government programs have been slow to recognize telehealth as a reimbursable service, limiting its financial viability for many providers.

Before the COVID-19 pandemic, many telehealth services were either not covered or only partially covered by insurance, leading providers to favor in-person visits where reimbursement was more straightforward. The pandemic led to changes in these policies, with many insurers temporarily expanding coverage for telehealth, but the long-term sustainability of these changes remains uncertain.

Cultural and Workflow Shifts

Health care organizations have deeply entrenched workflows, and integrating telehealth requires significant changes to these established processes. Health care providers are accustomed to specific routines, including in-person patient interactions, physical examinations, and traditional documentation practices. Telehealth necessitates the rethinking of these processes, from appointment scheduling to follow-up care.

Moreover, health care culture places a strong emphasis on face-to-face interaction between patients and providers. This has been a fundamental aspect of medical care for centuries. Shifting to a model where care can be provided remotely challenges this deeply ingrained tradition and has met resistance from both patients and providers.

For some providers, telehealth represents an added burden to their already full schedules. Incorporating telehealth requires providers to learn new systems, change their workflow, and adopt new communication methods. Some health care professionals may also feel less confident about providing accurate diagnoses and treatments when physical examinations are not possible.

Privacy and Security Concerns

Privacy concerns are particularly critical in the health care sector, given the sensitive nature of medical data. The use of video conferencing tools must comply with stringent privacy and security requirements. Skype and other video conferencing tools are not designed to handle health information securely according to health care industry standards. Ensuring that patient information remains confidential during telehealth sessions requires specialized platforms that encrypt data and protect against unauthorized access.

Additionally, health care organizations must ensure that telehealth interactions are not vulnerable to cyberattacks, which could compromise patient information. As cyber threats have grown in recent years, security has become a significant concern for both patients and providers. This focus on privacy and security has slowed the adoption of telehealth, as organizations must invest in compliant and secure systems.

Pandemic Acceleration and Future Outlook

The COVID-19 pandemic was a turning point for telehealth. With in-person visits limited, many health care systems were forced to adopt telehealth solutions quickly. Temporary changes to reimbursement policies, relaxed licensing requirements, and improvements in telehealth platforms helped increase adoption. As a result, both providers and patients became more familiar with telehealth, and its potential for long-term use became more evident.

However, the question remains whether telehealth adoption will continue at the same pace post-pandemic. Health care organizations need to continue investing in the infrastructure, training, and regulatory compliance needed to make telehealth a sustainable part of the industry. Additionally, policymakers must work to create consistent and supportive frameworks for telehealth reimbursement and licensing to ensure its long-term viability.

Conclusion

Telehealth adoption has taken longer in the health care industry due to a combination of regulatory, financial, cultural, and technological barriers. Health care’s complex nature requires solutions that go beyond basic video conferencing tools like Skype, ensuring patient safety, privacy, and care quality. Although the COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the use of telehealth, ongoing efforts are necessary to overcome remaining challenges and ensure that telehealth becomes an integral part of the future of health care.
(Challenges in Telehealth Adoption)

References

  1. Regulatory and Legal Barriers:

American Medical Association (AMA). Telehealth in Practice. https://www.ama-assn.org/delivering-care/public-health/telehealth-practice

Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Medicare Telemedicine Health Care Provider Fact Sheet. https://www.cms.gov/newsroom/fact-sheets/medicare-telemedicine-health-care-provider-fact-sheet

2. Technology Infrastructure and Access:

American Hospital Association (AHA). Telehealth: A Path to Virtual Integrated Care. https://www.aha.org/system/files/media/file/2020/07/telehealth-virtual-care-integrated-report-july-2020.pdf

World Health Organization (WHO). Telemedicine: Opportunities and Developments in Member States. https://www.who.int/goe/publications/goe_telemedicine_2010.pdf

3. Provider and Patient Acceptance:

Health Affairs. Telehealth: The Advantages And Barriers. https://www.healthaffairs.org/do/10.1377/hpb20200904.577561/full/

Journal of Medical Internet Research (JMIR). Barriers and Facilitators to Telemedicine: Can We Learn from the COVID-19 Pandemic? https://www.jmir.org/2020/11/e24021/

4. Financial and Reimbursement Issues:

The Commonwealth Fund. Telemedicine Payment Parity in Medicaid: What’s Next? https://www.commonwealthfund.org/blog/2021/telemedicine-payment-parity-medicaid-whats-next

American Medical Association (AMA). 50-state Survey: Establishment of a Patient-Physician Relationship Via Telemedicine. https://www.ama-assn.org/system/files/2020-11/telehealth-patient-physician-relationship.pdf

5. Cultural and Workflow Shifts:

McKinsey & Company. Telehealth: A Quarter-Trillion-Dollar Post-COVID-19 Reality? https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/healthcare-systems-and-services/our-insights/telehealth-a-quarter-trillion-dollar-post-covid-19-reality

American Journal of Managed Care (AJMC). Workflow Modifications for Telehealth: A Guide for the Frontline. https://www.ajmc.com/view/workflow-modifications-for-telehealth-a-guide-for-the-frontline

6. Privacy and Security Concerns:

HealthIT.gov. Telehealth Privacy and Security Tips. https://www.healthit.gov/faq/what-are-privacy-and-security-concerns-telehealth

National Institutes of Health (NIH). Telemedicine Privacy and Security Concerns and Risks: A Systematic Review. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33555422/

 
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Reaction paper Assignment

Reaction paper Assignment
Reaction paper Assignment

REACTION PAPER INSTRUCTIONS:
READ these instructions FIRST AND EARLY IN THE SEMESTER – before submitting the Reaction Paper or Reaction Paper Discussion Assignments..
After reading this in its entirety, to submit the Reaction Paper and Reaction Paper Discussion Assignments – scroll down.

Your Reaction Paper must include a minimum of 500 words.

TO BE GRADED, you must submit your Reaction Paper by 6/10/18 TO BOTH the Reaction Paper Drop Box AND the Reaction Paper Discussion Board.

 

You will self-select each topic for your reaction papers from topics covered in course material and / or the course text.

All material paraphrased and / or quoted within the Reaction paper and Reaction Paper Discussion Forums (including material from the online course components and / or the course text) must be properly cited and referenced following APA 6.0. A Reference listing must be included at the end of the submitted Reaction Paper / Reaction Paper Discussion Submission that includes APA 6.0 references for all sources discussed in the submission (including the course text / online course material). NO MORE THAN 1 QUOTE MAY BE INCLUDED IN THIS REACTION PAPER. Paraphrase appropriately and cite / reference any source material discussed following APA 6.0 Guidelines. Use of any other formatting guideline (e.g., MLA, Chicago) will result in substantial GRADE REDUCTIONS! Detected cheating and / or plagiarism on assignments will result in grades of “F” per assignment and may result in further disciplinary action as identified within the Student Code of Conduct.

To complete the Reaction Paper, fully address how a particular topic that you have learned about through course material / the course text can be related to / help you discuss / explain / understand a personally relevant life experience of your own / another person personally, socially, professionally, with community activities, etc. As you write your Reaction Paper, be sure to name and describe, in your own words, the topic that you selected from course material / the text, being sure to include citations and related references for your paraphrased description of the topic. Next, summarize the personally relevant life experience, and fully explain how and why this personal experience is an example of and / or can be explained by the course topic.

Reaction papers ARE NOT “research papers.” “Research papers” fully address the scholarly research about a particular topic. “Reaction Papers” very quickly summarize a topic (e.g., in one paragraph) and then, throughout the bulk of the remainder of the paper, demonstrate how and why the topic applies to personally relevant, “real-life” experience.

To submit the Reaction Paper Assignment:

  1. Access the Reaction Paper Dropbox by clicking on the title below OR by clicking on the “Reaction Paper and Research Project Assignments” link in the left hand column of the course home screen
  2. Submit your Reaction Paper within the text box provided by no later than the Reaction Paper assignment due date / time.
  3. ALSO, access the Reaction Paper Discussion Forum by clicking on the title above and click “post” to submit the Reaction Paper to the respective Reaction Paper Discussion Board by no later than the Reaction Paper assignment due date / time.
    1. DO BOTH – post the paper within the submission dropbox AND post the paper to the appropriate Discussion Forum by the Reaction Paper Due Date so that other students can read / reply to your reaction paper assignment.
    2. Do NOT submit Reaction Papers in either the Dropbox or the Discussion Forum as “attachments” – also, DO NOT email Reaction Papers to me. Attachments / emailed Reaction Papers will not be graded.

By the date on which the Reaction Paper is due (6/10/18), submit 1 copy of the Reaction Paper into Reaction Paper 1 Dropbox. Submit 2nd copy of the Reaction Paper into the Reaction Paper 1 Discussion Board by clicking “Create Thread,” copying your Reaction Paper into the text box displayed for “Message,” and clicking the “Submit” button. Do NOT submit your paper as an attachment.

By the date on which the Reaction Paper Discussion Board is due (6/17/18) read at least two other students’ reaction papers by clicking on each student’s name within the Discussion Board. Then, click “reply” and post responses (minimum 150 word each – APA formatting for in-text citations / references) to two different students regarding their reaction papers.

 
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Chronic Disease:Rheumatoid Arthritis

Chronic Disease: Rheumatoid Arthritis

MN610 Advanced Practice Nurse

No plagiarism will be checked with turnitin.

APA style formatting, font 12, double spaced with headers.

Will need Title page, content 2 – 3 paper in length, plus a minimum of 3 peered reviewed references in the Reference page.

 

Chronic Disease Health Promotion and Maintenance/for adults age 35–65

Chronic Disease

Write a 2–3-page paper discussing the concepts of health promotion, health maintenance, health restoration and health teaching to an adult patient with this chronic disease (Rheumatoid Arthritis). Be sure to integrate Evidence Based Practice into your discussion.

Please use headings for:

Health promotion

Health maintenance

Health restoration and education

(Chronic Disease: Rheumatoid Arthritis)

Chronic Disease/Rheumatoid Arthritis

Chronic Disease Health Promotion and Maintenance for Adults Age 35–65: Rheumatoid Arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease affecting millions globally, especially adults aged 35 to 65. This condition triggers joint inflammation, causing pain, stiffness, and loss of function. Managing RA in adults requires comprehensive care strategies, including health promotion, maintenance, restoration, and education. These strategies should be evidence-based, aiming to improve the quality of life for patients while mitigating disease progression. This paper will explore the application of these strategies in RA management and how evidence-based practice can be integrated. (Chronic Disease: Rheumatoid Arthritis)

Health Promotion

Health promotion for adults with rheumatoid arthritis aims to prevent exacerbations, promote joint health, and enhance overall well-being. Encouraging physical activity is a key health promotion strategy, as studies show that low-impact exercises can help improve joint function and reduce stiffness in RA patients. Regular exercise, such as walking, swimming, and yoga, has been proven to reduce inflammation and improve physical endurance (Cooney et al., 2017). Alongside physical activity, a well-balanced diet rich in anti-inflammatory foods is essential. Foods such as fish rich in omega-3 fatty acids, fruits, vegetables, and whole grains can help reduce joint inflammation (Bergeron et al., 2019).

Health promotion efforts should also focus on smoking cessation, as smoking is linked to an increased risk of developing RA and can worsen symptoms in existing patients. According to Scott et al. (2018), smoking cessation programs and support groups can be integrated into care plans to help patients manage their risk. Promoting regular check-ups and screening for cardiovascular health is crucial because RA increases the risk of heart disease.

Health Maintenance

Health maintenance for individuals with RA involves continuous monitoring and intervention to control symptoms, prevent joint damage, and manage disease progression. Key aspects include medication adherence, lifestyle modifications, and regular monitoring. Medications such as disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and biologics are essential for controlling inflammation and slowing disease progression (Smolen et al., 2020). Nurses play a vital role in educating patients on the importance of medication adherence to prevent flares and irreversible joint damage.

Ongoing self-management programs are beneficial in maintaining health, as they teach patients to recognize early symptoms of flare-ups and the necessary steps to mitigate them. Engaging patients in joint-protection techniques and energy-conservation methods can also help prevent overuse and injury to affected joints. Additionally, ensuring that patients are educated about managing fatigue through adequate rest and sleep hygiene practices is important for long-term maintenance (Shen et al., 2021).

Regular consultations with rheumatologists, physical therapists, and occupational therapists are necessary to monitor disease activity and adjust treatment plans as needed. Health maintenance also requires vigilant screening for comorbid conditions such as osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, and depression, all of which are more prevalent in RA patients.

Health Restoration and Education

Health restoration aims to optimize function, reduce disability, and manage pain in patients experiencing exacerbations or advanced stages of RA. Early intervention and rehabilitation programs can help restore joint function and minimize disability. Physical therapy is an integral part of health restoration, as it helps patients regain strength, flexibility, and range of motion in affected joints. Assistive devices such as splints or braces may also be recommended to support weakened joints and promote mobility (Smolen et al., 2020).

Patient education is central to RA management, ensuring that patients understand their disease, treatment options, and self-care practices. Teaching patients about medication management, potential side effects, and the importance of early intervention during flare-ups empowers them to take control of their health. Nurses should also educate patients on the importance of maintaining a balanced lifestyle, including stress management techniques. Studies show that stress can exacerbate RA symptoms, and techniques such as mindfulness and relaxation therapy can improve outcomes (Crowley et al., 2019).

Incorporating evidence-based strategies in health restoration ensures that patients receive the most up-to-date care tailored to their needs. For instance, the use of biologics for patients unresponsive to traditional DMARDs has been supported by research as an effective treatment to prevent further joint destruction (Smolen et al., 2020).

Conclusion

Managing rheumatoid arthritis in adults requires a multifaceted approach focusing on health promotion, maintenance, restoration, and education. Nurses play an integral role in promoting healthy behaviors, ensuring medication adherence, restoring joint function, and educating patients on disease management. By incorporating evidence-based practices, healthcare providers can optimize care and improve long-term outcomes for RA patients. This holistic approach not only improves physical health but also enhances the overall quality of life for individuals living with this chronic condition. (Chronic Disease: Rheumatoid Arthritis)

References

Bergeron, C., Bernatsky, S., Drouin, J., Clarke, A. E., & Pineau, C. A. (2019). Diet and rheumatoid arthritis: Food habits of patients in a large cohort compared to healthy controls. Journal of Clinical Rheumatology, 25(4), 169–174. https://doi.org/10.1097/RHU.0000000000000824

Cooney, J. K., Law, R. J., Matschke, V., Lemmey, A. B., Moore, J. P., Ahmad, Y., Maddison, P., & Thom, J. M. (2017). Benefits of exercise in rheumatoid arthritis. Journal of Aging Research, 2017, Article 4183841. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/4183841

Crowley, S., Liddicoat, H., & Marlowe, A. (2019). Managing stress in rheumatoid arthritis: Patient and provider perspectives. Arthritis Care & Research, 71(12), 1503–1510. https://doi.org/10.1002/acr.24092

Smolen, J. S., Landewé, R., Bijlsma, J., Burmester, G., Dougados, M., Kerschbaumer, A., … & Aletaha, D. (2020). EULAR recommendations for the management of rheumatoid arthritis with synthetic and biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs: 2019 update. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, 79(6), 685–699. https://doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2019-216655

Shen, B., Feng, X., & Zhang, A. (2021). Sleep quality in rheumatoid arthritis patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Medicine, 8, 715941. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2021.715941

 
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Nursing Quiz (with answers)

Nursing Quiz

Question description

1.Discuss the differences between a leader and a manager.
A leader inspires, motivates, and influences others towards a common vision or goal. Leaders focus on people, developing trust and fostering innovation. They are visionary, often driving change and fostering a collaborative environment.
A manager, on the other hand, focuses on processes, structures, and tasks. Managers aim to ensure efficiency and organization by overseeing operations, planning, and problem-solving. They work within established systems to achieve specific goals and maintain order. While leaders prioritize inspiring others, managers emphasize control, coordination, and maintaining smooth functioning.
Nursing Quiz (with answers)

2. Which is more important, working for an effective leader or an effective manager? Explain your answer.

While both are important, working for an effective leader may have a more significant long-term impact. An effective leader can inspire teams to exceed expectations, adapt to changes, and foster a positive work culture. Leadership emphasizes personal growth, team cohesion, and innovation, which are crucial for long-term success. An effective manager ensures daily tasks are completed efficiently but may not always inspire teams to push beyond their limits. (Nursing Quiz (with answers))

 

3. Observe the nurse manager in a unit to which students have been assigned. What management style is displayed? How does the staff respond to this style

During clinical rotations, nursing students often observe nurse managers exhibiting different management styles, such as autocratic, democratic, or laissez-faire. The staff’s response often depends on the style. For example, in a democratic management style, the team may show greater engagement and satisfaction because their input is valued. In an autocratic style, staff might feel more restricted but the unit can function with strict adherence to rules.

 

4. What qualities do you think are most important to be a good nurse manager?

To be a good nurse manager, key qualities include strong communication skills, empathy, adaptability, decision-making abilities, and leadership qualities. Additionally, a nurse manager should be able to mentor and support staff, promoting a positive work environment and ensuring high-quality patient care.

Nursing Quiz (with answers)

1. Interview the nurse manager on your assignment unit. What interpersonal, decisional, and informational activities does he or she complete on a daily basis?

A nurse manager’s daily activities include:

  • Interpersonal: Building relationships with staff, mediating conflicts, and providing feedback.
  • Decisional: Making staffing decisions, managing the budget, and addressing unit challenges.
  • Informational: Disseminating policy updates, communicating with the healthcare team, and staying informed on patient outcomes and institutional goals.

2. You are the nurse manager on your unit. One of the most experienced staffers has been out on sick leave, and another just had a baby. The rest of the staff are working very hard to pick up the slack to avoid using agency personnel. What tangible and intangible rewards might you use to thank the staff?

To thank staff for hard work, a nurse manager might offer:

  • Tangible rewards: Bonuses, additional paid time off, or gift cards.
  • Intangible rewards: Public recognition, verbal appreciation, or flexible scheduling.

3. PART 1: Begin by writing a 50-word description of the ideal nurse manger, someone you would like to work for. Describe a real-life nurse manager whom you have encountered in one of your clinical rotations. What qualities of this person meet your ideal? In what ways does this individual not meet your ideal? (Reminder: nobody’s perfect.)

The ideal nurse manager is supportive, approachable, and fosters teamwork. They balance leadership with empathy, ensuring both staff and patient needs are met. During my clinical rotation, I observed a nurse manager who was exceptionally organized and focused but lacked strong interpersonal connections with the staff. This did not meet my ideal of a manager who fosters both personal and professional growth.

 

PART 2: Think about becoming an ideal manager yourself. What qualities of an ideal manager do you already possess? What qualities do you still need to develop? How will you accomplish this?

I possess strong communication skills and empathy, both essential for an ideal manager. However, I need to develop better decision-making abilities and adapt to high-pressure situations more effectively. I will achieve this by seeking mentorship, attending leadership workshops, and gaining more experience in supervisory roles. (Nursing Quiz (with answers))

 

1. Find your own state’s requirements for informed consent. Do elective procedures and emergency situations use the same standard?

Informed consent requirements vary by state, but generally, elective procedures require detailed discussions with patients about risks, benefits, and alternatives. Emergency situations may allow for implied consent if the patient cannot give consent and immediate intervention is necessary to save a life.

 

2. Obtain a copy of your state’s Nurse Practice Act. Does the act give adequate guidance for nurses to know if an action is within the scope of nursing practice?

The Nurse Practice Act provides a framework that helps nurses understand their scope of practice, including professional boundaries, decision-making authority, and delegation. It serves as a guide to ensure safe and ethical nursing care, tailored to each state’s regulatory environment.

 

1. Explain how the Nurse Practice Act in your state provides for consumer protection and for professional nursing progress.

The Nurse Practice Act ensures consumer protection by outlining the legal scope of practice for nurses, preventing unqualified individuals from providing unsafe care. It promotes professional progress by establishing continuing education requirements and supporting evidence-based practice.

 

2. What are your thoughts on multistate licensure? How does it strengthen and weaken professional nursing?

Multistate licensure enhances nursing mobility, allowing nurses to practice across state lines, which can address nursing shortages. However, it also presents challenges, such as differing state regulations and maintaining consistency in quality of care.

(Nursing Quiz (with answers))

3. As a new nurse, how can you ensure confidentiality in clinical settings?

To ensure confidentiality in clinical settings, a new nurse can follow guidelines such as keeping patient records secure, only discussing patient information with authorized personnel, and avoiding sharing information in public areas. Additionally, nurses must refrain from sharing identifiable patient information on social media or any other public platform.

 

4. How can nurses safeguard the confidentiality of medical information when sending it by fax or e-mail?

To safeguard the confidentiality of medical information sent by fax or email, nurses should use secure methods like encryption and password protection. Fax machines should be located in secure areas, and emails must be sent through secure, encrypted systems. Verifying the recipient’s information before sending is crucial to avoid any unauthorized access.

 

5. Explain the role of the nurse in obtaining informed consent. Do you believe that this is within the scope of nursing practice? Explain your answer.

Nurses play a supportive role in the informed consent process. They ensure that the patient understands the information provided by the physician, clarify any questions, and witness the patient’s signature. While obtaining informed consent is generally the responsibility of the physician, nurses ensure that the patient is informed and comfortable with the decision. Many believe this role is within the scope of nursing, as it aligns with patient advocacy and education.

(Nursing Quiz (with answers))

6. Should nurses carry malpractice insurance? Explain your answer.

Yes, nurses should carry malpractice insurance. Although many healthcare facilities provide coverage, individual malpractice insurance offers additional protection in case the facility’s insurance doesn’t fully cover a claim or if a nurse is sued independently. This coverage ensures that nurses are financially protected, especially in high-risk environments where liability may be higher.

 

7. Should all patients have advance directives? Explain your answer.

Yes, all patients should have advance directives. These documents provide clear instructions about a patient’s healthcare preferences in case they become unable to communicate their wishes. This ensures that care aligns with the patient’s values and reduces the burden on family members and healthcare providers in making difficult decisions during critical situations.

 

8. Should employers be permitted to require nurses to work overtime if there is a shortage of registered nursing staff on a unit? Support your answer with evidence from the literature

The issue of mandatory overtime is controversial. Evidence shows that mandatory overtime can lead to nurse burnout, decreased job satisfaction, and potential errors due to fatigue, compromising patient safety. Research suggests that instead of relying on mandatory overtime, healthcare facilities should focus on adequate staffing and retention strategies to meet patient care needs without overburdening the workforce. Therefore, employers should avoid mandating overtime, as it can harm both nurses and patients.
(Nursing Quiz (with answers))

References

American Nurses Association. (n.d.). Informed Consent.  https://www.nursingworld.org/practice-policy/nursing-excellence/official-position-statements/id/informed-consent/

National Council of State Boards of Nursing. (n.d.). Nurse Licensure Compact (NLC).  https://www.ncsbn.org/nurse-licensure-compact.htm

 
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Discussion: Hematologic Disorders (Solved)

Discussion: Hematologic Disorders (Solved)

In the 1970s, the average lifespan for patients diagnosed with sickle cell disease was 14 years. Today, the average lifespan has increased to 50 years and beyond (TriHealth, 2012). The patient prognosis for many other hematologic disorders, such as hemophilia and cancer, continue to improve, as well. This can be attributed to advancements in medical care—specifically, drug therapy and treatment. When managing drug therapies for patients, it is essential to continually examine current treatments and evaluate the impact of patient factors on drug effectiveness. To prepare for your role as an advanced practice nurse, it is important for you to become familiar with common drug treatments for various hematologic disorders seen in clinical settings (Discussion: Hematologic Disorders (Solved)).

To prepare:

  • Review Chapter 21 of the Huether and McCance text and Chapter 49 and Chapter 50 of the Arcangelo text.

If your last name begins with the letters A–L:

  • Select one of the following hematologic disorders: anemia, cancer, white blood cell disorders, or thrombolytic disorders. Consider the pathophysiology, as well as the types of drugs that would be used to treat your selected disorder.
  • Select one of the following factors: age or behavior. Consider how your selected factor might impact the pathophysiology of the disorder. Then, reflect on how your selected factor might impact the effects of drug treatments, as well as measures you might take to help reduce any negative effects.

If your last name begins with the letters M–Z:

  • Select one of the following genetic hematologic disorders: sickle cell anemia, thalassemia, or hemophilia. Consider the pathophysiology, as well as the types of drugs that would be used to treat your selected disorder.
  • Select one of the following factors: gender or ethnicity. Consider how your selected factor might impact the pathophysiology of the disorder. Then, reflect on how your selected factor might impact the effects of drug treatments, as well as measures you might take to help reduce any negative side effects.
By Day 3

Post a description of the hematologic disorder you selected, including its pathophysiology and types of drugs that would be prescribed to treat patients. Then, explain how the factor you selected might impact the pathophysiology of the disorder as well as the effects of prescribed drugs. Explain measures you might take to help reduce any negative side effects.

Read a selection of your colleagues’ responses.

 
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The Health Care Scene: Contemporary Trends (Solved)

The Health Care Scene: Contemporary Trends (Solved)

Question description (The Health Care Scene: Contemporary Trends (Solved))

The Health Care Scene: Contemporary Trends

As health care leaders, it is important to understand that health care is quite a dynamic field. Its constant changes are a result of continuing trends in regulation, policy, patient and provider advocacy efforts, as well as increasingly sophisticated technology and industry benchmarking guidelines.

For your assignment you review the possible topics for your Senior Project located in Week Five of your online course or in the “Components of Course Evaluation” section of this guide, and select the topic your training program will address. If you choose not to select a topic from the approved topic list, you must have your original topic approved by your instructor prior to submitting this assignment. THE TOPIC ISAnalyze the impact of any recent social and/or ethical trends on the health care industry. Discuss at least two issues

For this assignment, focus on a specific contemporary trend in health care and be sure to include all of the following influences:

  • Changes in client characteristics
  • Regulation of the health care industry
  • Reimbursement patterns and mandates
  • Restructuring of health care organizations
  • Impact of technology
  • Ongoing social and ethical factors

Address the information above as it pertains to your selected topic, in an eight to ten slide (excluding title and reference slides) PowerPoint presentation.

Your presentation should conclude with a summary describing the following concerns:

  • Overall, why should health care managers be aware of this change and trend?
  • What impact does this trend have on the stakeholder groups involved (e.g., patients, providers, administrators, third-party payers, legislators, etc.) for a specific organization specified (e.g., for profit, nonprofit, hospital, outpatient clinic, nursing home, etc.).

The information in this presentation will later be used as part of your Senior Project to set the context for the audience you select for a training program on the contemporary trend identified here.

Your presentation must include detailed speaker’s notes (i.e., at least 150 words) for each slide as well as a minimum of one to two scholarly sources from the Ashford University Library and one to two current, scholarly web sources.

Your presentation, and any citations used, must be in APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center. Examples of scholarly web sources are available in this week’s recommended websites. These sources will also count toward the required sources for your Senior Project. Your presentation must be engaging and relevant to your audience. Lines of text on a slide will not be sufficient for this assignment. It should contain images, graphics, and/or multimedia that communicate your training program clearly to your audience. For tips on creating an excellent presentation, read thisoverview. (The Health Care Scene: Contemporary Trends (Solved))

 
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