Analyzing Legal Philosophies

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Analyzing Legal Philosophies

(Analyzing Legal Philosophies)

Analyzing Legal Philosophies: Theory, Justification, Application” delves into the intricate frameworks that underpin legal systems worldwide. This scholarly work scrutinizes various philosophical approaches to law, exploring their theoretical foundations, justifications, and practical applications. Through a rigorous examination of legal positivism, natural law theory, legal realism, and critical legal studies, the book elucidates how these philosophies shape legal reasoning and decision-making.

The authors critically evaluate each philosophical perspective, highlighting their strengths and weaknesses in addressing contemporary legal issues. They discuss how theories like legal positivism emphasize the importance of rules and authority, contrasting with natural law’s focus on moral principles and justice. Additionally, the book explores how legal realism challenges formalistic interpretations by emphasizing the role of judges’ discretion and societal context in legal outcomes. Moreover, critical legal studies provide a lens through which to critique existing legal structures for perpetuating inequality and oppression.

By examining these diverse viewpoints, “Analyzing Legal Philosophies” enriches our understanding of the complexities inherent in legal systems, offering insights into how different philosophical underpinnings influence laws and their application in practice. It serves as a valuable resource for legal scholars, practitioners, and anyone interested in the theoretical foundations of law and justice.

Analyzing Legal Philosophies

You are to turn in a 5 page paper that: (a) gives the pros and cons of three legal theories; (b) a one page justification of the single theory that you will choose for your Supreme Court Cases.

Be sure to give reasons that relate back to your comments in (a).  Then, finally, give an application of your theory to an event in the world today.

FIVE PAGES:  Page One—one theory pro and con/ Page Two—a second theory pro and con/ Page Three—a third theory pro and con/ Page Four—Your preferred theory and why you chose

it over the other two/ Page Five—An application of your preferred theory to a concrete case in the world today whether or not an actual legal case has been started on this issue.

Grading Criteria.

1. If you have followed the structure set out above you will get at least a “B-.”

2. Depending on how you handle the execution of pages 4 and 5 you may rise up to higher grades.

the three legal theories are:

1-   legal positivism (original intent, and developing language)

https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/legal-positivism/

https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/law-language/

https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1080&context=honors

2-natural law (religious-based or ethically-based)

https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/natural-law-ethics/

https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/lawphil-nature/

3- legal realism, legal pluralism are the principal.

https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/1317/152420a59d066d493f5f564ff6b411aee2bc.pdf

you can use the links below to do the paper. no citation need.

 
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Choosing Effective Psychological Tests

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Choosing Effective Psychological Tests

(Choosing Effective Psychological Tests)

Write a paper (1,000-word) about the selection of the appropriate psychological test and/or assessment. Answer each of the following three questions:

1.What resources are available to assist counselors in the selection of the appropriate psychological tests and/or assessments for a client?

2.What are four to five important diagnostic factors a counselor should consider when selecting a psychological test for a client?

3.How can a counselor determine that a specific test is the appropriate test for a client’s demographics?

Include at least four scholarly references in addition to the textbook in your paper.  Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.  You are required to submit this assignment to Turnitin. Refer to the directions in the Student Success Center.

This assignment meets the following CACREP Standard: 2.F.7.b. Methods of effectively preparing for and conducting initial assessment meetings

RUBRIC(Choosing Effective Psychological Tests)

Available resources for the selection of the appropriate psychological tests and/or assessments for a client   The paper does not include a discussion about available resources for counselors that assist in the selection of an appropriate psychological test for a client.

The paper includes a fair discussion about available resources for counselors that assist in the selection of an appropriate psychological test for a client.

The paper includes a concise description of available resources for counselors that assist in the selection of an appropriate psychological test for a client.   The paper includes an advanced description of available resources for counselors that assist in the selection of an appropriate psychological test for a client.   The paper includes an insightful description of available resources for counselors that assist in the selection of an appropriate psychological test for a client.     25.0 % Includes four to five important issues to be considered when selecting a psychological test for a client   The paper does not include four to five important issues to consider when selecting a psychological test.

The paper inadequately includes four to five important issues to consider when selecting a psychological test.

The paper appropriately includes four to five important issues to consider when selecting a psychological test.

The paper includes an advanced discussion of four to five important issues to consider when selecting a psychological test.

The paper includes an insightful discussion of four to five important issues to consider when selecting a psychological test.

25.0 % How to determine that a specific test is appropriate for a client   The paper does not include a discussion of how the appropriate test can be matched with an appropriate client.

The paper includes a fair discussion of how the appropriate test can be matched with an appropriate client.   The paper includes a concise discussion of how the appropriate test can be matched with an appropriate client.The paper includes an advanced discussion of how the appropriate test can be matched with an appropriate client.

The paper includes an advanced discussion of how the appropriate test can be matched with an appropriate client.   The paper includes an insightful discussion of how the appropriate test can be matched with an appropriate client.

20.0 %Organization and Effectiveness       7.0 % Thesis Development and Purpose   Paper lacks any discernible overall purpose or organizing claim.   Thesis and/or main claim are insufficiently developed and/or vague; purpose is not clear.    Thesis and/or main claim are apparent and appropriate to purpose.   Thesis and/or main claim are clear and forecast the development of the paper. It is descriptive and reflective of the arguments and appropriate to the purpose.   Thesis and/or main claim are comprehensive. The essence of the paper is contained within the thesis. Thesis statement makes the purpose of the paper clear.

20.0 %Organization and Effectiveness       8.0 % Argument Logic and Construction   Statement of purpose is not justified by the conclusion. The conclusion does not support the claim made. Argument is incoherent and uses noncredible sources.   Sufficient justification of claims is lacking. Argument lacks consistent unity. There are obvious flaws in the logic. Some sources have questionable credibility.   Argument is orderly, but may have a few inconsistencies. The argument presents minimal justification of claims. Argument logically, but not thoroughly, supports the purpose. Sources used are credible. Introduction and conclusion bracket the thesis.

(Choosing Effective Psychological Tests)

Argument shows logical progressions. Techniques of argumentation are evident. There is a smooth progression of claims from introduction to conclusion. Most sources are authoritative.   Clear and convincing argument that presents a persuasive claim in a distinctive and compelling manner. All sources are authoritative.

20.0 %Organization and Effectiveness       5.0 % Mechanics of Writing (includes spelling, punctuation, grammar, language use)   Surface errors are pervasive enough that they impede communication of meaning. Inappropriate word choice and/or sentence construction are used.   Frequent and repetitive mechanical errors distract the reader. Inconsistencies in language choice (register) and/or word choice are present. Sentence structure is correct but not varied.   Some mechanical errors or typos are present, but are not overly distracting to the reader. Correct and varied sentence structure and audience-appropriate language are employed.   Prose is largely free of mechanical errors, although a few may be present. The writer uses a variety of effective sentence structures and figures of speech.   Writer is clearly in command of standard, written, academic English.

10.0 %Format       5.0 % Paper Format (use of appropriate style for the major and assignment)   Template is not used appropriately or documentation format is rarely followed correctly.   Appropriate template is used, but some elements are missing or mistaken. A lack of control with formatting is apparent.

Appropriate template is used. Formatting is correct, although some minor errors may be present.    Appropriate template is fully used. There are virtually no errors in formatting style.   All format elements are correct.

10.0 %Format       5.0 % Documentation of Sources (citations, footnotes, references, bibliography, etc., as appropriate to assignment and style)   Sources are not documented.

Documentation of sources is inconsistent or incorrect, as appropriate to assignment and style, with numerous formatting errors.   Sources are documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, although some formatting errors may be present.   Sources are documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, and format is mostly correct.

Sources are completely and correctly documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, and format is free of error.

100 % Total Weightage

 
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Discrimination: Reflection and Interview

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Assignment 1: LASA 2: Discrimination: Reflection and Interview

(Discrimination: Reflection and Interview)

Watch the Frontline program online.

Frontline: A Class Divided http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/divided/

A Class Divided explores the nature of prejudice. Third grade teacher Jane Elliott deliberately created a classroom situation to teach her students how it feels to be on the receiving end of discrimination. This is an encore presentation of the classic documentary on third-grade teacher Jane Elliott’s “blue eyes/brown eyes” exercise, originally conducted in the days following the assassination of Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. in 1968. This classic classroom experiment, conducted in the late 1960s in a small Midwestern town, demonstrates how quickly and easily schoolchildren can internalize prejudice and discriminate. Years later, these children discuss the valuable lessons they learned from this experiment. Elliott employs this same teaching strategy with a group of adults in the workplace, and discusses their reactions.

This assignment is designed to allow you to synthesize what you have been learning about the various dimensions of diversity and the necessity of treating everyone in an inclusive, sensitive and respectful manner.

Discrimination Paper Part I: Interpersonal Reflection(Discrimination: Reflection and Interview)

After viewing the video, consider the following questions and write your response. Your response should be 4-5 pages and should address each question thoroughly, reflecting an accurate representation of what you have learned in this course. Demonstrate scholarship by utilizing supporting resources to justify your ideas and responses:

  • What did you learn from the film? What scene or scenes do you think you’ll still remember a month from now and why those scenes?
  • Did any part of the film surprise you? Do you think someone with a disability, of a different sexual orientation, an older American or some of a different religion would also find it surprising? Why or why not?
  • Both Elliott and her former students talk about whether this exercise should be done with all children. What do you think? If the exercise could be harmful to children, as Elliott suggests, what do you think actual discrimination might do? Use an example, different from the example you used to describe labels, from what you have learned about people with disabilities, older people, sexual minorities, or people of differing religions.
  • How can negative and positive labels placed on a group become self-fulfilling prophecies? Use an example from what you have learned about people with disabilities, older people, sexual minorities, or people of differing religions.
  • Based on what you have learned in this course, discuss an example (either from the video or from your experiences) that illustrates each of the following statements:
    • Dimensions of diversity may be hidden or visible.
    • Dimensions of diversity are in a constant state of flux.
    • Dimensions of diversity are not always clear-cut or easily defined.

Discrimination Paper Part II: Personal Interview(Discrimination: Reflection and Interview)

For Part II of this assignment, you will have a conversation with someone who you feel may have faced discrimination. Examples include someone with a disability, an older American, someone who is a sexual minority, or someone who lives in a multicultural family. After choosing an individual to interview, explain to this individual what you have seen in the Class Divided program. Invite them to watch the program, or parts of the program, with you. After watching or discussing the program, pose the following questions to the individual. Be sure to explain the reason for your questions and why you have selected them to participate in the interview:

  • What, if any, discrimination do you experience?
  • How have you coped with this situation?
  • What do you think needs to change at the cultural level to reduce discrimination?

Following your refection (Part I listed above), add 2-3 pages to your paper which addresses the following:

  • A description of the individual you chose to interview and why. Explain how you went about approaching this individual for the interview.
  • What are your observations about the person’s view of discrimination and how it affects his/her daily life?
  • Did the interaction with the person change your view of discrimination? If so, explain how the interaction has affected you either positively or negatively. If it did not change your view of discrimination, explain why.
  • How well do you think you would cope with discrimination from this person’s perspective?
  • Finally, what is the best manner in which to advocate for those facing discrimination? What actions will you change based on what you have learned in this course and how will you serve as an advocate for those individuals who face discrimination?

Your final assignment, consisting of both Part I and II, should be approximately 6 -8 pages. Be sure to address each topic listed above and, as appropriate, cite the online course, the textbook, and other credible sources to substantiate the points you are making. For example, when discussing an example of how diversity may be hidden or invisible cite sources, which you have referenced to substantiate the points you are making.

Submit your assignment to the M5: Assignment 1 Dropbox by Monday, September 28, 2015.

(Discrimination: Reflection and Interview)

Assignment 1 Grading Criteria
Maximum Points
Describes what was learned from the film and explains what scene(s) will be remembered.
20
Clarifies how some scenes were personally surprising and addresses how someone else may find the film surprising.
24
Expresses whether the class exercise should be done with all children. Provides an example of how discrimination impacts children.
20
Discusses positive and negative labeling and, with an example, depicts how labeling can become a self-fulfilling prophecy.
24
Provides examples that illustrate how diversity may be hidden, is in a constant state of flux, and how diversity is not always straightforward.
40
Interviews an individual different from them. Describes the individual and reasons for choosing the individual and provides observations about the individual’s views on, and experience with, discrimination, and what specific challenges, if any, he or she has faced.
56
Explains whether this interview changed their personal view of discrimination and discusses how the student would cope with discrimination from this person’s perspective.
24
Expresses, personally, how to advocate for those facing discrimination and future actions to take based on what has been learned in this course.
28
Style (8 points): Tone, audience, and word choice
Organization (16 points): Introduction, transitions, and conclusion
Usage and Mechanics (16 points): Grammar, spelling, and sentence structure
APA Elements (24 points): In text citations and references, paraphrasing, and appropriate use of quotations and other elements of style
64
 
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Diagnosis & Treatment Recommendations

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LASA 2: Case study: Diagnosis & Treatment Recommendations

Diagnosis & Treatment Recommendations

This assignment is designed to help you synthesize the course material and apply the material in creating an assessment, and generating a diagnosis, as well as treatment recommendations.

Read the case study provided and write a clinical report which includes:

A summary of the major issues facing the client needing to be addressed.

A working diagnosis for the client (with diagnostic summary and rationale) utilizing the following information from the CAGE screening tool and case history information.

A Mental Status Exam which applies the information from the case history.

Detailed treatment recommendations determining which modality (family, individual, group, or couples) is most appropriate for this client.  Be sure to provide the rational for your choice by integrating information from the case summary.

Recommendations on whether individual is a good candidate for treatment placement (inpatient, residential, or outpatient) and an analysis of the pros and cons for your selection based on a summary of the issues.

Your paper should be at least 4 pages long. Remember to include a cover page and reference page, and to support your arguments with information drawn from the online content, the textbook, and other credible, scholarly sources to substantiate the points you are making.  Apply APA standards for writing and citations to your work.

Submit your response to the Assignment by Thursday, July 9, 2015.

Assignment Grading Criteria

Maximum Points

Provides a summary of the major issues facing the client that need to be addressed.

Provides working diagnosis for the client (with diagnostic summary and rationale) utilizing the CAGE assessment and case history provided.

Applies information from the case history to complete a Mental Status Exam.

Provides thorough treatment recommendations with rationale determining which modality (family, individual, group, or couples) is most appropriate for this client.

Provides recommendations on whether individual is a good candidate for treatment placement (inpatient, residential, or outpatient.) Includes a summary of issues and pros and cons of the selection.

Organization (16 points): Introduction, Thesis, Transitions, and Conclusion

Usage and Mechanics (16 points): Grammar, Spelling, and Sentence structure

APA Elements (16 points): Attribution, Paraphrasing, and Quotations

Style (16 points): Audience, and Word Choice

Total: 300

 
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Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder(ADHD)

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Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder(ADHD)

(Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder(ADHD))

• Paranoid Schizophrenia

After clicking a disorder, click the Diagnostic Overview tab in the left column. This will cover the major diagnostic features of the disorder. After that, click the DSM-5 Features tab. You can then go though the Case History, Interview, and Treatment sections on the website. Finally, in the Assessment section, you can complete an optional multiple-choice quiz. You have to write a case report for each case study.

The format for the sample report is as follows:

Your Name

Instructor’s Name

Class/Section Number

Background

• Outline the major symptoms of this disorder.

• Briefly outline the client’s background (age, race, occupations, etc.).

• Describe any factors in the client’s background that might predispose him or her to this disorder.

Observations

• Describe any symptoms that you have observed that support the diagnosis. You can include direct quotes or behaviors that you may have observed.

• Describe any symptoms or behaviors that are inconsistent with the diagnosis.

• Provide any information that you have about the development of this disorder.

Diagnosis

• Did you observe any evidence of general medical conditions that might contribute to the development of this disorder?

• Did you observe any evidence of psychosocial and environmental problems that might contribute to this disorder?

• As per your observations, what is the client’s overall level of safety regarding potential harm to self or others (suicidality or homicidality)?

• What cross-cultural issues, if any, affect the differential diagnosis?

Therapeutic Intervention

• In your opinion, what are the appropriate short-term goals of this intervention?

• In your opinion, what are the appropriate long-term goals of this intervention?

• Which therapeutic strategy seems the most appropriate in this case? Why?

• Which therapeutic modality seems the most appropriate in this case? Why?

APA format

Diagnostic overview(Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder(ADHD))

Schizophrenia is the most debilitating form of mental illness . This disorder which can come on quite suddenly distorts a person thoughts , perceptions and mood, and leaves them unable to meet the ordinary demands of life .

There is no single test to determine who suffers from schizophrenia. Instead the diagnoses is made when a person expresses a collection set of symptoms. The symptoms can be divided into three categories. One positive symptoms two negative symptoms and three social dysfunction.

One positive sentence

Positive symptoms include overt behaviors that are unusual and that interferes with the persons ability to interact in a daily life. The Two most common types of positive symptoms include delusional and hallucinations. It is essential to understand the difference between these two.

A delusion is a firmly held beliefs that is not grounded in real life. There are many types of delusions for example when a person vastly overestimate his or her importance we would say that he suffers from a delusion of grandeur. If a person believe that a group of people are conspiring to kill him we say he has a delusion of persecution there are many others .

In contrast to Dilution a hallucination is perceptional error in which the person sees or hears something hey doesn’t exist.for example if a person sees a vision that no one else sees , we say that he is experiencing a visual hallucinations. If a person hears imaginary voice perhaps threading her we say hat she is suffering an auditory hallucination.

About 70% of schizophrenics experience some type of hallucination and typically these hallucinations appropriate to a person culture and belief system.

Another positive symptoms include a person expressing disturbance thinking and language. And these situations a person since this may be dramatically correct but their over all statements are in coherent and logical. To illustrate disturbance communications try to follow peters flow logic

Negative symptoms(Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder(ADHD))

Many people with schizophrenic also expressed so called negative symptoms. Negative symptoms are characterized by the Abence of behaviors which are seen in normal individuals.

The most , common negative symptoms is an emotional flattering where the individual shows a little reaction to his surroundings.Pepole with negative symptoms will seldom speak express few spontaneous actions and fail to interact with other people.

Researchers have identify several subtypes of schizophrenic.

When a person promote symptoms is bizarre motor behavior the person is saying to suffer from Catatonic schizophrenic.

When he prominent symptoms include delusion and hallucinations in which the person is being persecuted, they are said to suffer from paranoid schizophrenic.

Finally when the symptoms are mixed or three is not a single prominent symptoms the person is said to suffer from undifferentiated schizophrenia.

This module explore the case of who suffers from paranoid schizophrenic. Schizophrenic is a complex this order in research still doesn’t know it’s root causes. Current research supports the diathesis stress mold.

According to this module genetic and biological factors predispose certain individuals towards expressing schizophrenia.

Interns environmental stress determines which individuals actually express the disorder we will look at both of these factors.

Biological causes(Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder(ADHD))

an ambience of research indicate that genetic factors predispose certain individuals to express schizophrenia. In brief the more closely you are genetically related to someone who expresss schizophrenia the more likely you are to express this disorder yourself.

For example with unrelated person the chances are only 1% that you will share their diagnosis of schizophrenic.

If your siblings express schizophrenia then you have a 9% chance that you will express it as well . And if your identical twin expresses schizophrenia the chances are 50% that you will express it as well.

In light of this evidence for genetic involve me the next question is how do DNA alter our biological and thereby predispose some individuals to express schizophrenia?

One possibility has to do with brain size. Cortical atrophy theory suggest that an underlying pathology causes the deterioration of specific brain areas which in turn produces the schizophrenic symptoms. Researchers have no debt that people with schizophrenia have brains that are smaller than normal and have brains with enlarge ventricles.

DSM5(Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder(ADHD))

Look up criteria

Look up demographics and details

What are treatment strategy

Case report(Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder(ADHD))

Your name

Instructor’s name

Class/Section number

Diagnosis has been given to this client?

Background information

Please outline the major symptoms of this disorder.

Briefly outlined the clients back row age race occupation Excedrin

Please describe any fractions in the clients background that might predispose him or her to this this order.

Observation

Please describe any symptoms that you have observed which supports that diagnosis. You can include direct questions or any other Behaviors you may have observed.

Please describe any symptoms or observations that are inconsistent with the diagnosis.

Describe any information you observed about the development of this disorder.

Diagnosis(Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder(ADHD))

Did you observe any evidence of any Axis 3 issues (General medical conditions) that might contribute to this disorder?

Did you observe any evidence of an Axis 4 issue(psychosocial and environmental problems) that might contribute to this dis order ?

Transcripts

Valerie white female she’s around late 30 . has been diagnosed with schizophrenic paranoid type in this section we will explore her background and her symptoms Valerie told me that her childhood was pretty normal she told me that she always felt like a social outcast but that she was good at her school work and she reminded remain close to her parents.

She went to college where she did pretty well she dated Lil and she married to her mid-20s afterwords she went on to grad school Valerie problem started when she was about 28 years old her mayor was unstable and about the same time she began experiencing delusional that people were plotting against her. Overtime these delusions grow more complex and disturbing and on limited she became highly agitated eventually her husband had her involuntary committed to a psychiatric ward.

In the interview Valerie describe the Terror she felt inside the asylum. she believes that she was being imprisoned and the doctors were performed experiments on her .the profound delusional state it Presented for many months.Eventually however the medication reduced Valeries psychotic symptoms and she was released from the hospital. Unfortunately the medications proceeded significant side effects and frequently Valerie won’t refuse to take them. Whenever she did so her symptoms work got worse and she’s each time she would be institutionalized.

During her illness Valerie has expressed a range of delusions including

delusions of Persecution- that people were plotting to hurt she and her family

delusions of reference -the television programs were secretly referring to her and delusions of Grandeur-that her actions could help to save the world.

After more than eight years Valerie said she’s finally excepted her diagnosis and she have subsided. She has been able to hold a steady job and she lives with her parents. In the scheme of things Valerie has shown a remarkable recovery although she said she still considers herself mentally ill as long as she stays on her medication she is able to live a quiet normal life. Once had dreams of traveling and earning her PhD now she seemed content just to live day today going to work and returning to her home she also said that she has no particular interest in becoming involved in an intimate relationships.

When you interview Valerie I think you will see that that her conversation is liner and coherent . This is a largely true of people with paranoid schizophrenia even doing their active phase. At the same time I am not sure how it comes across on video but I found her to be somewhat emotional muted. to me it was as if a piece of her is missing

I’m not sure if that this emotion is blotting is the result of the disorder or the medication. As you will see Valerie seems quite knowledgeable about her symptoms you should know however that she’s occasionally confuse the word Hallucination, delusional and illusion becareful to keep the definition of these words clear in your own mind.

Questions interview(Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder(ADHD))

Describe your life in the years before you got sick and where did you grow up in what did you study at school?

Well, att was born in New York City and my parents taught church school for our religion domination and we moved a lot because when you’re into that type of work you go where you’re called to go. So I lived in upstate New York Iowa Colorado Washington state I don’t know and then I went to college.

I went to Walla Walla college in Walla Walla Washington I enjoyed the psychological classes. I particularly like the sociology classes because they going to do groups and the family is a group and I was looking at things going on in my family is group and I was looking add things going on in my family ,and that kind of interested me . And so I actually went through two or three years of college and I really didn’t know what I wanted to do major and except I like behavior science and finally I came up to the end of the third year and I had to make a decision and I have a lot more credits in that. Paragraph I wanted to teach and the university. I wanted to finish college and maybe get a doctorate I like the idea of well I like the idea of working with students and with the young people that had fresh ideas and I just thought that was going to be my career that was going to be my life.

Do you have happy memories of your childhood?

Oh yeah when I was a kid we took a trip to Colorado which is one of the greatest things when my mother and father got interested in the mining history of Colorado and they get these books about these old mining towns in different legends and stories about the minors in the wild Wally times they had and we go visit these different cities where these different people had done things like we read about baby goat tabor ,and he tabor mine, the matchless and so we had to Gold and see all those sites. And we read about and we got to Rocky Mountain national Park and saw the beautiful mountains and it was real need vacation.

(Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder(ADHD))

What events have you enjoyed in your life ? For instance , have you ever done any traveling?

Yeah in 1971 I went And travel to England that was my first introduction to college right out of high school aesthetic English literature there we had nine weeks of classes and we go to the classes three days a week and the other four days we’d get on the bus tour and go over England and see the different places we studied about. Like for example weed study Shakespeare and then we take a trip up to Stratford to the point Avon and watch the Royal Shakespeare players though the plane and Weed study about Bobby Burns and then we go out to Scotland and see Bobby Burns cottage. It was very interesting trip I really enjoy it , it was a high point of my life.

What did you do after college?

At the college I want to graduate school and I went to lomalinda university in Riverside California and the main reason I went there was because I got an assistant ship which pay half of my tuition. And at the time I was thinking in terms of teaching in a college or university. Because that’s basically about all I could do with sociology. And so I did my thesis on the study of alienation ministry wives. And I took a bunches of anthropology classes for my electives and I thoroughly enjoyed it .

Can you describe a little bit about your marriage?

I met my husband when I was at Walla Walla my last two years there. He was an engineer and we got married after I went down to Lomalinda and he help pay off my graduate school bill which was very nice. he was very affectionate and playful and we made some agreements like we had agreed we were going to have children and that I told him I didn’t especially like the southern California and I didn’t want to live there all my life and we agree that after I finished graduate school we would move out. Course later on in the marriage we didn’t go along with those two things he decide he liked California and I wanted to stay there and didn’t want children the marriage went sour after that .

Attention deficit hyperactivity

To completion up treatments and DSM 5

And demographics and details

Diagnostic overview(Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder(ADHD))

Look up what kind of treatments can be done .

During childhood we usually learn a variety of essential life lessons .we learn the basics such as how to read and write be we also learn how to control our impulses, focus our attention and interact with the people around us . For some children these lessons are quite typical. These children are impulsive their behavior seems disorganized and their attention leaves from one activity to the next. These children are often diagnosed as suffering from a tension deficit hypertension disorder also know as ADHD

ADHD consists of three types of symptoms . The first type of symptoms and fall problems with attention. Children with ADHD seems to ignore details they are easily distracted and fails to complete task. The second set of involves hyperactive behavior. The children are restless and are unable to sit quietly. The third set of symptoms involves excessive impulsivity. These children constantly interrupt and are unable to wait their turn .

ADHD has A variety of causes and provides a fascinating example for the interaction of biological culture and psychological factors.

Let’s first exam and biological factors. There is some evidence that a ADHD may be heritable. Children with a ADHD often have parents usually fathers who also warrant the diagnosis. Furthermore the brain of a ADHD Children differs from that of other children especially in the areas of the brain that regulates attention. One hypothesis is that these areas mature more slowly in some children’s resulting in the expression of ADHD .

Are fast paced the culture may also be a casual agent and may even account for the observed neurological differences. By way of analogy consider the human eye . At birth the eyeball seen here is cross-section is more or less round . however during development if a child is exposed toe tens I’ve close up work such as reading their eyeball will actually change its shape becoming more oblong . Intern this development a combination makes it easier for the individual to focus on nearby objects. The disadvantage to this accommodation of horse is that the reshape I will have more difficulty spoke didn’t sing oIntern intern this development a combination makes it easier for the individual to focus on nearby objects. The disadvantage to this accommodation of course is that the reshape eye will have more difficulty focusing on distant objects and the child may become near sighted.

To extend this metaphor when a child is exposed to a fast-paced world of Television Internet and video games areas of their brain may calibrate it’s attentional levels to accommodate to this rapid pace . This accommodation means that they are better able to cope with fast pace rapidly changing stimuli, but at the same time the child will have more difficulty focusing on stimuli that are less interesting or that require more sustained concentration.

ths hypothesis that some cultures promote ADHD is supported by the fact that ADHD is much more prevalent in the United States then other countries around the world.

Finally other teachers her point out that individual children -rearing practice may be contributing to the increased of ADHA . Children with ADHD are more likely to come from single-parent families families with inexperience parents and families who spend comparatively little time interacting with the child. It is interesting to note that ADHD is diagnosed in boys three times more often than in girls .

Look up DAM 5 features for ADHD

Case History(Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder(ADHD))

At the time Dave’s was 16 years old and a high school south more. And my respects Davis seem like a lot of boys his age. He is energetic he loves girls sports video games and he is a bit rebellious. Underneath it all I sensed a kid with a really good heart.

All that said David is also incredibly hyperactive . At first I thought he was nervous about being on camera but even when the camera was off he was consistently moving and fidgeting frankly our entire crew said that they became nervous just being around him.

David said that he has been hyperactive for as long as he can remember it. In elementary school his teachers complained to his mother and he has been on and off of Wellbutrin and Ritalin. The segment was filmed during then summer however when his mother allows him to be medication free.

The ADHD severely affects David’s life. he is unable to focus his attention for more than a few minutes and his hyperactive has resulted to him being ostracized by his peers. He says that he finds it nearly impossible to study explaining that the words just jump around the page. A number of his teachers seem to have given up on him. Dave it also has problems with expressing good judgment. Now some of this may be typical of a 16 year old American boy but with Dave in the situation seems even more acute. For example when we ask him to hit the punching bag he got very excited punching it to the point where he tore the skin off his knuckles.

David is aware that he is somewhat different than other kids his age and probably feels a little bit embarrassed about it. He believes that he is intelligent and he becomes flush straight it when he is unable to focus his attention. David loves playing sports and he is a very good competitor But he doesn’t have a lot of finesse.

He seems disappointed that he is not a more talented athlete. He also loves playing video games in place for at least a couple hours every day.

Most of the time David lives with his mother and his home life is an important part of the story. I spoke with his mother and it’s clear that she loves her son very much. It is also clear that she is a bit overwhelmed. She is a single mom and has little quiet time with David. She often ask him to help around the house but he use the claims to forget his test. Now she allows him to spend his free time watching television or playing video games and she really did man’s much from him. For example when David was doing poorly in math rather than seeking additional tutoring she encouraged him to except the feeling great. I don’t want to give you the impression that I am blaming her for David’s condition. Not at all but it seemed to me that she was an important part of a system of reinforcement enables his unfocused behavior.

The medication have help David to focus and to some extent he has been doing better at school. David has mixed feelings about the medication however he says that the pills help him to focus and help him accomplish some of his mothers goals but at the same time he’s complaining that the pills make him hazy and non-social

Interview with daved(Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder(ADHD))

What do you do you at school?

Uh I play basi usually play video games that’s only well unsully towards the end of the well right when I get to the end of the well right when I get home I usually right when I get to the end of the well right when I get home I usually tight when the thing first thing I do ,I come in turn on the Video game and play it for a couple of hours.

And then I’ll call one of my friends I can’t usually I don’t go nowhere when I lived in town are used to I didn’t play video games much because I’d walk around and hang out with all my friends but now I live out of town in the country there’s not much very much for me to do so I usually pay video games unless I am outside working with my dad or I go with my girlfriend.

Does your attention deficit disorder interfere with your ability to go do chores around the house ?

Most kids you know they get home and they do their chores or whatever. They clean the house you know because their mom they they just that their mom is going to tell them what right when you get home you’re supposed to clean the house or whatever and you know question and like I know that’s in my mind but when I get home I just don’t I don’t think about it I don’t do it until my mom says you need to do this or you need to do that and I be like OK and all then I’ll go do it.

And then like teachers for incident. They told me I need to do that or I need to do that I I didn’t do it. I won’t do it until they tell me because well I know but I just don’t really like no it doesn’t click until they tell me and then I can do it.

Can you think of a situation where your attention deficit disorder does not interfere with you ?

Tendo I can do Nintendo that my mom said I’m so good in the Nintendo because because I don’t know like little distractions you know ? how I make sh—well I make distractions when I’m like at school. And like I don’t can’t learn without em or something like that.Are i’ll make like little noise that you know like just all these crazy noises and talking to myself. I dream-day a lot.

But in video games or you know just PlayStation or Nintendo or whatever you playing that has its own distractions. And I could pay attention to every single little thing that on the TV. I mean if you —— this one kid plays the Nintendo, I mean he walking around he’ll get lost in all the mazes or whatever? I know exactly where I am I just remember where are the turns are and just where—I just remember it I don’t know why,I just remember everything in the whole game .

Case report(Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder(ADHD))

Your name

Instructor’s name

Class/Section number

Diagnosis has been given to this client?

Background information

Please outline the major symptoms of this disorder.

Briefly outlined the clients back row age race occupation Excedrin

Please describe any fractions in the clients background that might predispose him or her to this this order.

Observation

Please describe any symptoms that you have observed which supports that diagnosis. You can include direct questions or any other Behaviors you may have observed.

Please describe any symptoms or observations that are inconsistent with the diagnosis.

Describe any information you observed about the development of this disorder.

Diagnosis(Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder(ADHD))

Did you observe any evidence of any Axis 3 issues (General medical conditions) that might contribute to this disorder?

Did you observe any evidence of an Axis 4 issue(psychosocial and environmental problems) that might contribute to this dis order ?

Based on your observation what is the clients overall functioning Axis5 ? 1-100 scal we are higher numbers indicate higher functioning.

Therapeutic intervention

In your opinion what are the appropriate short term goals for this intervention?

In your opinion what are the appropriate long term goals for this intervention?

Which therapeutic strategies seems most appropriate in this case? Why?

Which therapeutic Modality seems most appropriate in this case? Why?

 
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Researching Social Media.

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Assignment 2: Researching Social Media.

(Researching Social Media.)

We are all socially connected. Some of us like to be so more than others. Technology allows us to do this in a variety of ways.

In this assignment, you will learn to use a new technology that helps you become socially connected. This technology can take the form of instant messaging or an online network that gives you the opportunity to connect with businesses and organizations to develop your career.

Research online social networking tools and applications using your textbook, the Internet, and the Argosy University online library resources. Based on your research, do the following:

  1. Choose a tool for social networking that allows you to create a free account. The social networking tool should meet the following criteria:
    • It is not a tool you have used before.
    • It connects you with other people.
    • It is open to the public.
    • It does not promote offensive language or actions.
    • It allows you to answer the questions for this assignment.

Examples include, but are not limited to:(Researching Social Media.)

  • Yahoo! Instant Messaging: This tool allows you to instantly type messages to other friends or colleagues who are on Yahoo!’s Instant Messaging. It also has a number of other features, including video messaging. http://www.yahoo.com
  • Skype: Skype’s free services allow you to call other people on Skype and video-conference with them over the Internet. You can also use Skype to call international cell phones or landlines at a highly reduced rate or to instant message. http://www.skype.com
  • Google Hangouts: This app provides messaging, video calls, and voice calls from any device.. https://plus.google.com/hangouts
  • Facebook: This social networking tool allows you to network with friends, family, and acquaintances. You can send them updates and let them know what is going on in your world. It has an instant messaging service also. http://www.facebook.com
  • Twitter: This tool allows you to follow a variety of people and track the little things they say. You can also send messages to others who might follow you on Twitter. http://twitter.com
  • LinkedIn: This tool is designed to help you connect with professionals in your industry. You can update your profile so others in your industry can know how you are progressing in skills and knowledge. http://www.linkedin.com
  • Instagram: This tool helps you modify (“filter”) and share photographs, usually taken with a mobile device. http://instagram.com/
  • Foursquare: According to its home page, this tool is supposed to help you and your friends find great places and make the most of your visits. https://foursquare.com/
  1. Research your chosen social media tool. Then, using scholarly evidence, answer the following questions:
    1. How can this social media tool be used in the workplace in a professional manner? Again, use search engines that will help you to answer this appropriately.
    2. How does this social media tool help you connect with friends or colleagues? Describe this with as much detail as possible. Look this up on the Internet if you need to, as you may not realize all of the ways it may be beneficial.
    3. What is a potential drawback of this kind of media?
    4. Describe the experience of participating in this exercise.
  2. Paste a screenshot of the social media account you just created in your assignment paper. Follow these steps:
    1. Log into the social media website where you created an account.
    2. From the logged-in page, press and hold the Alt key on your keyboard and then press the Print Screen key on your keyboard. (On some keyboards the keys are Fn and Print Scrn.)
    3. Display your assignment paper document. Click the mouse button in the area where you want to paste the screenshot. Hold down the Ctrl key and then press the V key. This will paste an image of your social media screen into your paper.
    4. Change the size of your screen print to be approximately 3 by 4 inches.
      • Click inside the graphic; this will put sizing squares around your graphic.
      • Move the cursor to a corner of your graphic until your cursor changes to a diagonal arrow.
      • Click and drag the cursor towards the center of the graphic so that the graphic gets smaller.
      • When the screenshot is approximately 3 by 4 inches, release the mouse button.

Write a two- to three-page paper in Word format (not counting title and reference page). Apply APA standards to citation of sources. Include an APA formatted title page and reference page. You may use this APA formatted template. Follow this link for more information about APA standards. Use the following file naming convention: LastnameFirstInitial_M4_A2.doc.

 
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Developing Nursing Theory Frameworks

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Developing Nursing Theory Frameworks

(Developing Nursing Theory Frameworks)

Question descriptionPurpose

Explain how theoretical frameworks influence advance.

The purpose of this Assignment is to explore how a theorist explicates his or her philosophy and thoughts behind a theoretical field. As in other fields of study, nursing has a plethora of theorists and theories. These theorists have developed their paradigm over time enriching it with research and dialogue with other theorists.

Directions

You are going to explore how a theorist of your choice created his or her theory. Did it develop as an acorn becoming a mighty oak over the decades? Did it arrive as a burst of light like the big bang as some believe created our universe? Was it developed from a blueprint like a spaceship where thousands of scholars worked together to create a rocket to the moon? In point of fact, how is a theory developed? This is what we are exploring.

You will pick a theorist who interests you, it does not have to be a nurse theorist. You may also choose from other disciplines such as: behavioral, leadership, business, education, technology.

You will become the theorist immersing yourself in the writings from the earliest mentioned to the most current.

As you read, look at how you (taking on the persona of the theorist) developed the theory.

In the first stage, theorizing occurs. This is where you, as the theorist, identify the concepts of what nursing is and is not. Perhaps you questioned what concepts were guiding those in nursing practice and then started to question your role. You started asking yourself, “Where am I in nursing, and where the profession is going? Is there some overarching concept that guides the professional in his or her practice?” This is where you recognize that a theory is needed.

In the second stage, syntax is developed. This is where you will define the terms. Look for changing definitions of terms. Consider, for example, Jean Watson. She starts by defining the word “caring.” Within the last ten years she has refined her terminology changing the term caring to caritas. This demonstrates a growth and maturation from decades of research she and other scholars did to produce the theory of caring.

The third stage is theory testing. Defined as the phenomena behind the theory that are exposed through research. The definitions of terms are refined. The theorists and other researchers consider whether this theory helps answer questions that arise in practice. This is where your theory is used in by a widening group of researchers. For example, graduate nursing students request the tool you developed while testing your theory.

The fourth and last stage is evaluation. This is where philosophical debate occurs as the concepts are applied through evidenced based practice in the act of providing nursing care.

Assignment Details(Developing Nursing Theory Frameworks)

For this Assignment, you are going to write an article for a nursing journal explaining how you developed your theory through the four stages (theorizing, syntax, theory testing, and evaluation). Your paper must be 3 to 5 pages, not including the title and reference pages.

To view the Grading Rubric for this Assignment, please visit the Grading Rubrics section of the Course Resources.

Assignment Requirements

Before finalizing your work, you should:

  • Minimum requirement of at least 5 sources of support
  • be sure to read the Assignment description carefully (as displayed above);
  • consult the Grading Rubric (under the Course Resources) to make sure you have included everything necessary; and
  • utilize spelling and grammar check to minimize errors.

Your writing Assignment should:

  • follow the conventions of Standard English (correct grammar, punctuation, etc.);
  • be well ordered, logical, and unified, as well as original and insightful;
  • display superior content, organization, style, and mechanics; and
  • use APA 6th Edition
Tags: theory nursing
(Developing Nursing Theory Frameworks)
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Cognitive Psychology – Annotated Bibliography

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Cognitive Psychology – Annotated Bibliography For Final Project

(Cognitive Psychology – Annotated Bibliography)

In this milestone, you will work from the topic, applied setting, and research questions you identified in Module Two and start identifying relevant research to support your final proposal. Two major aspects of your final project include selecting foundational theories relevant to your topic and suggesting potential strategies or techniques that may alleviate a problem in an applied setting. To help you prepare for these aspects of the project, you will complete an annotated bibliography featuring a minimum of four research articles. Two of the articles that you find should be related to the theories you related to your topic that you intend to feature in your final proposal. The other two articles should discuss applied research related to your topic area.
For each article, include a summary that highlights how the article relates to your chosen topic and setting, and address the following questions:

How do the research results and statistical findings in the article apply to your research question and your applied setting?

What are the strengths and limitations of the research results and findings in supporting the research question?

How could you expand on available research to more specifically address your research question?

Overview:

When engaged in the research process, it is easy to feel overwhelmed by the amount of information you are taking in. Sometimes writers begin to lose track of how the content they are reading will be helpful in

supporting the claims they make in their papers or in their research question. A working annotated bibliography helps writers organize potentially useful resources and streamlines the process of identifying relevant research.

When drafting a proposal, it is important to make a compelling case why the proposed project can improve practice in an applied setting. As a psychologist, you do this by pulling from examples of theoretical and applied research from the field. Works of theoretical research establish foundational theories and offer insight as to why problems exist in an applied setting. Applied research studies observe practice in an applied setting and suggest strategies and techniques to improve a problem based on collected data. Together, these types of research comprise a well – balanced argument that explains why a problem exists and how it can be fixed.

In Module Four, you will submit a working annotate bibliography with at least four entries, including

scholarly books or articles, pertaining to your proposal topic, applied setting, and the research questions

identified in Module Two. Two of the articles you find should be related to the theories you related to your topic that you intend to feature in your final proposal. The other two articles should discuss applied research related to your topic area.

For each article, include one paragraph summarizing how the article relates to your chosen topic and setting and a second paragraph addressing the following questions:

•How do the research results and statistical findings in the article apply to your research question and

your applied setting?

•What are the strengths and limitations of the research results and findings in supporting the research

question?

•How could you expand on available research to more specifically address your research question?

Conclude each entry with a brief critique of the article. What are the strengths of limitations of the research? How could future research build on these findings?

Guidelines for Submission: Each annotation should be 1-2 paragraphs in length, double-spaced in Times New Roman 12-point font, using proper APA citations.

 
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Neuropsychological Disorder Analysis Project

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Neuropsychological Disorder Analysis Project

(Neuropsychological Disorder Analysis Project)

Final Project: Biopsychological Analysis of a Neuropsychological Disorder

In your Final Project, you will synthesize an overview of the major theories relating to the pathology of a disorder as well as provide a detailed discussion of the etiology (causes) and clinical interventions, using research to support your analysis.  Your topic will be the neuropsychological disorder that was selected and approved by the instructor in your Week One assignment, and for which you provided an outline in the Week Two assignment.

In keeping with the focus of this class, the emphasis of your paper will be on the neuroscience aspects of the disorder, to include:

  • Theories of etiology (causes)
  • Associated factors in development of the disorder (genetic, environmental, familial, lifestyle)
  • Pathology (abnormalities of physical structure and function, including genetic and biochemical aspects)
  • Treatment options (pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic, with rationales for use based on current understanding of the disorder)
  • Diagnostic and research technologies employed in clinical diagnosis, care, and basic science research

Your research will include a minimum of six to eight peer-reviewed sources, which provide evidence-based information regarding the biological and psychological features of the disorder and were published within the last five years. At least four of your references should be peer-reviewed publications of original research studies. To justify your assertions, provide in-text citations for all factual statements taken from your research, with corresponding references drawn from scholarly sources.  All citations and sources are to be documented according to APA style, as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center, and should support and enhance your analysis of the selected disorder. Sources may include review articles, original research articles, information from government agencies (e.g., National Institutes of Health, Centers for Disease Control, Food and Drug Administration, Drug Enforcement Administration) or professional societies (e.g., professional society position papers or clinical practice guidelines).

Final Project- Components

Section I:  Introduction

This section should provide a general introduction to the topic as well as an overview of the background and history of the disorder. Further, it should provide a succinct thesis statement of the purpose and overall direction of the paper.  For instance, if your paper will have a large focus on the role of particular neurotransmitters in the etiology of the disorder as a rationale for treatment options, you should indicate this in the introduction. Finally, this section should provide demographic data that indicates the prevalence of the disorder in both general and specific populations.

Specific required components of the Introduction:

  1. Succinct thesis statement (one or more sentences detailing the focus of your Final Project and informing the reader about your topic and the scope of your paper)
  2. Define the type of disorder
    1. Neurological
    2. Psychological
    3. Neuropsychological
  3. Diagnostic criteria
    1. What components must be present for the disorder to be diagnosed?
    2. Include physical and psychological signs and symptoms.
  4. Reason(s) why you chose this topic
    1. Personal experience
    2. Professional experience
    3. Other reason
  5. Epidemiology
    1. Who is affected?
    2. Are they young/old?
    3. Male/female
    4. Rural/urban
    5. Ethnicities

Section II: Discussion

This section should make up the majority of the Final Project in terms of size. Here, you will expand upon the main aspects of the disorder and provide details relating to the disorder and its management. This section should provide specific and detailed information (Reminder: All statements of fact require an in-text citation).   Cited/referenced sources should be used to support your analysis of the components of the discussion.

Specific required components of the Discussion section:

  1. Detailed description of the disorder
    1. Signs and symptoms
    2. Epidemiology
    3. Any subtypes of the disorder
  2. Detailed description of the natural history of the disorder
    1. How the disorder develops over time with treatment
    2. How the disorder develops over time without treatment
  3. Methods used to diagnose, evaluate, and manage the disorder
    1. Initial diagnosis (e.g., physical exam, imaging and/or laboratory testing, special studies, psychological evaluation, psychometric testing)
    2. Ongoing management (e.g., physical exam, imaging and/or laboratory testing, special studies, psychological evaluation, psychometric testing)
  4. Risk factors
    1. Genetics
    2. Lifestyle
    3. Environmental factors
  5. Other causative factors
    1. Known
    2. Theorized
  6. Nervous system structures and/or pathways involved in the disorder (detailed information regarding the underlying pathology as it applies to these structures and functional pathways)
  7. Neurotransmitter(s) and receptor system(s) involved in the pathology of the disorder
  8. Current treatment options
    1. Drug (pharmacologic) therapies
    2. Nonpharmacologic therapies (including psychological and other therapeutic services)
    3. Type of care providers (e.g., medical, nursing, therapists)
    4. Type of healthcare setting (e.g., hospital, home, outpatient, nursing facility)
  9. Future areas of research
    1. Treatment options
    2. Evaluation and diagnostic methods for initial diagnosis
    3. Increasing knowledge relating to etiology and pathologic processes

Section III: Conclusion

Provide a concluding summary of your findings regarding your selected disorder. The conclusion is a summarization of information that has already been presented.  Typically, if you mention something in the conclusion section of an academic paper, you should have already mentioned this aspect of the topic earlier in the paper.

Specific required components of the Conclusion section:

  1. The conclusion reaffirms your initial thesis statement.
  2. The conclusion may be one or more paragraphs. Use the material you have discussed in the paper to support the validity of your synthesis and elaborate on the theme of your paper.

Writing the Final Project
The Final Project:

  1. Must be 10 to 12 double-spaced pages in length, and formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.
  2. Must include a title page with the following:
    1. Title of paper
    2. Student’s name
    3. Course name and number
    4. Instructor’s name
    5. Date submitted
  3. Must begin with an introductory paragraph that has a succinct thesis statement.
  4. Must address the topic of the paper with critical thought.
  5. Must include section headings, formatted according to APA style, to organize your paper. Each paragraph must have a minimum of three full sentences.
  6. Must include in-text citations for all statements of facts obtained through your research.
    1. Remember that direct quotes (identical phrases or sentences taken from a source) require in-text citations with appropriate formatting.
    2. Statements of opinion should be clearly stated as such, and include a rationale to support why you hold this opinion (e.g., personal or professional experience, your research findings).
  7. Must end with a conclusion that reaffirms your thesis.
  8. Must use at least six to eight scholarly sources that were published within the last five years, including a minimum of four peer-reviewed original research studies.
    1. In general, dictionaries and encyclopedias are not considered appropriate resources for academic writing.
  9. Must document all sources in APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.
  10. Must include a separate reference page, formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.

Carefully review the Grading Rubric  (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.for the criteria that will be used to evaluate your assignment.

 
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CREATING A METHODOLOGY

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CREATING A METHODOLOGY

(CREATING A METHODOLOGY)

Question description

Background

John Compton, The president of the company, expressed his feelings quite bluntly at the executive staff meeting;

We are no longer competitive in the marketplace. Almost all of the Requests for Proposal (RFP) that we want to bid on have a requirement that we must identify in the proposal the project management methodology we will use on the contract should we be awarded the contract. We have no project management methodology. We have just a few templates we use based upon the PMBOK® Guide. All of our competitors have methodologies, but not us.

I have been asking for a methodology to be developed for more than a year now, and all I get are excuses. Some of you are obviously afraid that you might lose power and authority once the methodology is up and running. That may be true, but losing some power and authority is obviously better than losing your job. In six months I want to see a methodology in use on all projects or I will handle the situation myself. I simply cannot believe that my executive staff is afraid to develop a project management methodology.

Critical Issues(CREATING A METHODOLOGY)

The executive staff knew this day was inevitable; they had to take the initiative in the implementation of a project management methodology. Last year, a consultant was brought in to conduct a morning three-hour session on the benefits of project management and the value of an enterprise project management methodology (EPM). As part of the session, the consultant explained that the time needed to develop and implement an EPM system can be shortened if the company has a t management office (PMO) in place to take the lead role. The consultant also explained that whichever executive gets control of the PMO may become more powerful than other executives because he or she now controls all of the project management intellectual property. The executive staff fully understood the implication of this and therefore became reluctant to visibly support project management until they could see how their organization would be affected. In the meantime, project management suffered.

Reluctantly, a PMO was formed reporting to the chief information officer. The PMO was comprised of a handful of experienced project managers that could hopefully take the lead in the development of a methodology. The PMO concluded that there were five steps that had to be done initially. After the five steps were done, the executive committee would receive a final briefing on what had been accomplished. The final briefing would be in addition to the monthly updates and progress reports. The PMO believed that getting executive support and sign offs in a timely manner would be difficult.

The first step that needed to be done was the establishment of the number of life-cycle phases. Some people interviewed wanted ten to twelve life-cycle phases. That meant that there would be ten to twelve gate review meetings and the project managers would spend a great deal of time preparing paperwork for the gate review meetings rather than managing the project. The decision was then made to have no more than six life-cycle phases.

The second step was to decide whether the methodology should be designed around rigid policies and procedures or go the more informal route of using forms, guidelines, checklists, and templates. The PMO felt that project managers needed some degree of freedom in dealing with clients and therefore the more informal approach would work best. Also, clients were asking to have the methodology designed around the client’s business needs and the more informal approach would provide the flexibility to do this.

The third step was to see what could be salvaged from the existing templates and checklists. The company had a few templates and checklists but not all of the project managers used them. The decision was made to develop a standardized set of documents in accordance with the information in the PMBOK® Guide. The project managers could then select whatever forms, guidelines, templates, and checklists were appropriate for a particular project and client.

The fourth step would be to develop a means for capturing best practices using the EPM system. Clients were now requiring in their RFP that best practices on a project must be captured and shared with the client prior to the closeout of the project. Most of the people in the PMO believed that this could be done using forms or checklists at the final project debriefing meeting.

The fifth step involved education and training. The project managers and functional organizations that would staff the projects would need to be trained in the use of the new methodology. The PMO believed that a one-day training program would suffice and the functional organizations could easily release their people for a one-day training session.

QUESTIONS(CREATING A METHODOLOGY)

1. What can you determine about the corporate culture from the fact that they waited this long to consider the development of an EPM system?

2. Can a PMO accelerate the implementation process?

3. Is it acceptable for the PMO to report to the chief information officer or to someone else?

4. Why is it best to have six or less life-cycle phases in an EPM system?

5. Is it best to design an EPM system around flexible or inflexible elements? Generally, when first developing an EPM system, do companies prefer to use formality or informality in the design?

6. Should an EPM system have the capability of capturing best practices?

 
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