Professional Role: Clinical Psychology

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Choosing a Professional Role: Clinical Psychology

(Professional Role: Clinical Psychology)

Clinical Psychology DescriptionThe contributions of clinical psychology in the promotion and protection of the health of the population cannot be underestimated. The field plays an essential role in providing professional services that help in the examination and diagnosis of emotional, behavioral and psychophysiological problems. The profession ensures that the health care providers are correctly evaluating and examining their patients to promote and protect their mental health (Rajecki, Appleby, Williams, Johnson, & Jeschke, 2005). A clinical psychologist is responsible for understanding and predicting intellectual capabilities of patients. The division works closely with the other healthcare providers specialized in mental health. Undoubtedly, clinical psychology plays a vital role in improving the psychological health of the people.

Knowledge and Skills Required(Professional Role: Clinical Psychology)Acquiring professional knowledge and skills in the field of clinical psychology is vital in the successful practice of the career. A clinical psychologist should be trained and be familiar with all mental, emotional and behavioral problems. It is crucial to have a deep understanding concerning the conditions to successfully work with other healthcare providers. It is imperative for one to be familiar with relationship issues and embrace cultural diversity to successfully practice the profession (Rajecki et al., 2005). Reflective and decision-making skills are critical in the practice of the clinical psychology profession. One is also required to acquire nursing skills to care for the patients. Diagnostic and conceptual knowledge and skills are important in the field of clinical psychology, particularly when conducting mental examinations and assessments (DeAngelis, 2008). An individual who wants to be a successful clinical psychologist is obliged to acquire the skills to improve the provision of quality healthcare services. However, it is vital for one to pursue a degree in psychology and specialize in clinical psychology. A nursing education is an added advantage to be successful in the field of clinical psychology.

Tasks Expected to PerformA clinical psychologist is assigned duties and responsibilities ranging from general service to practicing in a health care facility. They play an essential role in the rehabilitation of a person diagnosed with addictions and/or mental disorders. They also help a person with a disability to adjust their life and live with their condition and still be productive (Rajecki et al., 2005). Such individuals conduct interviews that help the physicians to collect vital information regarding the condition of the patients suspected to be having mental or behavioral problems. The clinical psychologist educates and trains patients by empowering them with vital skills and information to overcome the challenge they experience in life following their medical conditions (DeAngelis, 2008). Psychologists are also considered educators and are responsible for designing the curriculum and training schedule of students to prepare them for the future practice of clinical psychology. They offer guidance and counseling services to patients and their families in an attempt to encourage family therapy to enhance recovery (Rajecki et al., 2005). Understanding the roles of a clinical psychologist is crucial to making informed choices in matters related to the career and to uphold professionalism.

Improving Clinical Psychology Profession(Professional Role: Clinical Psychology)The path towards growing and developing expertize in a profession entails three predictive factors. First, the participation in social networks is an effective strategy for gaining expertize in clinical psychology. It is vital to join the American Board of Clinical Psychology (ABCP) to exchange information and experience with the members (DeAngelis, 2008). The association provides guidelines for clinical psychologists to have a sense of direction to improve the provision of such services. Second, the participation in training and development program can also help a person to gain expertize in clinical psychology. It offers opportunities to the person to benefit from the training materials offered, and the courses that will add to their experience and professionalism (DeAngelis, 2008). Finally, growth in personal initiatives and gaining expertize are also important predictive factors that encourage a person to pursue courses and training that they deem necessary. For instance, pursuing a diploma in clinical psychology can help a psychologist to gain knowledge and skills for a successful practice of the clinical psychology profession.

Theories and Research Methods

Biopsychological Theory

The biopsychological theory was first proposed by Jeffrey Allan Gray in 1970. The theory proposes the existence of two systems that control any human behavioral system:  Behavioral Activation System (BAS) and Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS).

Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS) involves the prediction of a person’s response to situations in the environment which are likely to produce anxiety. The neuropsychological system associated with the BIS is activated in cases of negative events such as punishment. The response of this system to cues in a given environment that indicate the possible negative occurrences ensures that the individual is able to avoid such unpleasant events. The proponents of this system propose that the causal basis related to the BIS is anxiety.

Behavioral activation system (BAS) deals with the issue of a person’s disposition to achieve set goals. The system is aroused by cues in the environment associated with rewards and it is related to impulsivity.  The BAS is assumed to be the reason behind the happiness and the elation a person feels when one achieves a certain goal (Ling, 1998).

Psychoanalytic Theory(Professional Role: Clinical Psychology)

Sigmund Freud is credited with originating the Psychoanalytic theory which is based on the interaction between three basic components of the mind: id, ego, and Superego.  The Ego part of the mind is solely concerned with immediate gratification, the ego is concerned with the social rules and norms while the superego part of the mind mediates between the two parts of the mind leading to a favorable compromise.   The interactions between these parts of the mind are said to be the main determinants of human behavior, and ultimately shape an individual’s personality. According to Freud, the development of an individual’s personality starts during childhood and takes place in five psychosexual phases. During these phases, the child has faced conflicts between social expectations and the child’s innate biological drive. According to this theory, the maturity of each individual’s personality is determined by how well he or she navigates and masters each of these psychosexual development stages (Loeb, 2010).

The Blank Slate Theory

This theory of psychology is also commonly referred to as tabula rasa and posited that a child is born with a blank mind and that anything he or she learns is purely acquired through its interaction with the environment. One of the main theorists behind the tabula rasa idea was John Locke. Later studies disapproved the theory indicating that the child is born with innate capabilities which allow it to learn. Furthermore, some unlearned behaviors in children such as laughing cannot be explained by the theory.

Primary Research areas for developmental psychologists are cognitive, emotional and behavioral development. The studies focus on the effects of various factors including preterm birth, the parent’s occupation, and educational level of the parents and other socioeconomic factors on the child’s emotional, behavioral and cognitive development.

Developmental Psychologists use many methods in research including observational and experimental studies. An example of an observational research method is the cohort studies are mainly applied I the prognosis, incidence and causes. Cohort studies are done chronologically and are very useful in distinguishing between causes and effects. In cohort studies, a sample group of participants is studied over a period of time to determine changes in the participants over time.

A scholarly article in which Cohort observational method was used is entitled “Variables Associated With Cognitive Behavioral and Emotional Development: A Cohort of Schoolchildren” (Barbieri, Bettiol, Correia, Loureiro, & Saur, 2014). The research was done to investigate possible variables which may have an impact on the behavioral, cognitive and emotional development of a cohort of school children. The study was conducted in Brazil and was primarily interested in investigating variables such as socioeconomic factors (occupation of head of a family, the number of household members), and biological (birth weight and gestational age weight, sex). A sample of 790 school children in a school was involved in the study. The scholars used Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire to assess behavioral and emotional aspects while the cognitive assessment was done through the use of the Raven Test.

Critiquing Research Articles(Professional Role: Clinical Psychology)

Research Article №1

The first study to be introduced in the assignment is «A transdiagnostic comparison of enhanced cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT-E) and interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) in the treatment of eating disorders» (Fairburn et al., 2015). The purpose of the  research was to identify which of the two psychotherapeutic methods can be considered more effective in treating eating disorders. Another goal was to find out whether the study’s findings would coincide with the ones of the initial study of CBT-E by Fairburn et al (2009).

The hypothesis of the study is that IPT proves as effective in treating eating disorders as CBT-E. The research was aimed at exploring a dependent variable, the effect of psychotherapy on patients with eating disorders. In order to disclose it two independent variables, CBT-E and IPT were used as two different methods of achieving the psychotherapeutic effect.

Three therapists were involved in the research: two clinical psychologists and a psychiatric nurse practitioner. Therapeutic sessions lasted from 20 to 50 minutes in both methods. All of them had been recorded and some (the selected sessions) had been supervised.

The study was held in one of the eating disorder clinics in the UK. It included patients whose body mass index was between 17.5 and 40.0. After their randomization to one of the methods, patients received psychotherapy for 20 weeks. The assessment occurred before and after treatment as well as in 20, 40 and 60 weeks’ period from the end of therapy.

The study involved 130 patients aged 18-65 years with eating disorders, which took part in the research from 2006 to 2011. The range of participants included: 53 ones with bulimia nervosa, 8 ones with binge eating disorder and 69 were diagnosed “other eating disorder”. The half (65 ones) of the patients were treated with CBT-E and the other half – with IPT. The study implemented stratified random sampling using the computer-based minimization algorithm.

(Professional Role: Clinical Psychology)

Patients’ condition was measured according to the 16th edition of the Eating Disorder Examination interview (EDE). In order to assess the effect of psychotherapy the following variables were used: EDE global score, eating disorder behavior and cessation for binge eating and purging if present. The patients were analyzed in terms of all the variables using a separate linear mixed model with the scores. The scores were measured before and after the 20-weeks of treatment and in 20, 40 and 60 weeks after treatment. Since the study refers to the clinical trial, the data was gathered by study staff into the electronic case report forms. An intent-to-treat and per protocol analyses were used to compare the treatment groups.

The research compared the outcomes of treatment at baseline, post-treatment and at 60-week post-treatment follow-up. At posttreatment, the global EDE score below 1.74 among the patients with CBT-E psychotherapy was 65.5% compared to 33.3% of those who were treated with IPT. Consequently, the study results showed that CBT-E managed to introduce almost twice as many participants in remission, and thus, had the higher effectiveness in treating eating disorders.

Among the obvious strengths of the research design, there is a centralized method of randomization, which provided the study with two equivalent groups. Furthermore, data collection and analysis was conducted with the help of electronic case report forms; this method guarantees a high accuracy of the results. The research is limited to exploring the psychotherapeutic effects on adults with BMI between 17.5 and 40.0; therefore, the sampling does not represent the whole society. Finally, it is notable that in 60-weeks follow-up the remission rate of IPT patients has registered a 15,7% growth, while the rate of CBT-E patients – only 3,9%.  This may indicate that IPT may prove more effective in a long-term perspective, and CBT-E manages to show the results in short term.

Research Article №2(Professional Role: Clinical Psychology)

Another research refers to “Effectiveness of hypnosis therapy and Gestalt therapy as depression treatments” (González-Ramírez et al., 2017). The study’s primary aim was to identify the effectiveness of two methods in dealing with depressive patients. Another goal was to discover whether hypnosis or Gestalt therapy would show better results in depression treatment.

The study checks the hypothesis that both methods are statistically effective in treating depression. Depression degree is measured in the research as a dependent variable with the help of independent variables – symptoms of depression measured by the Beck Anxiety Inventory test (BAI).

The method of the research refers to a quantitative quasi-experimental one, which involved two experimental groups and a control one. Two groups were tested before and after therapies, while the control one was delivered sessions of passive listening. The first experimental group was treated with therapeutic hypnosis (HT) and the second – with a mix of Gestalt-Hypnosis Therapy (GHT) and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT). The members of experimental groups were delivered treatment individually in 6 weekly sessions. 30 patients were selected for the study on the basis of the auto-evaluation scale International Neuropsychiatric Interview 5.0.0 (MINI), which is a known tool for diagnostician of a depression. The sample included 21 females and 9 males aged 23-35 years.

BAI test was used to assess the patients’ condition before and after therapy. Kolmogorov Smirnov test, one-way analysis of variance, Tuckey test as well as statistical analyses in Minitab 17.1.0 were implemented for data analysis. Data were collected from the electronic case report forms.

The results of the study showed that both experimental groups demonstrated a decrease in the depression between pre-test and post-test as opposed to the control group. However, only HT experimental group’s results showed a statistical difference in comparison with the control group. The authors conclude that HT manages to achieve better results in the shorter period of time compared to a combination of GHT and CBT methods.

One of the greatest strengths of the research is the presence of control group, which makes the experiment valid and credible. The use of the statistical electronic application is another advantage of the study. Among the possible limitations of the research, there is a lack of information on the sampling type, which makes the sample not representative enough. Moreover, the sample size may be considered too small for any statistical significance. Also, the use of BAI, which is a self-report inventory, may fail to provide the explorers with the unbiased data. Another drawback refers to the fact that the study didn’t apply clear forms of hypnosis and Gestalt therapies; instead, it used HT in the first group and a combination of GHT and CBT in the second group. Consequently, the results can only prove that hypnosis is more effective than a mix of GHT and CBT rather than provide any evidence on the difference in treatment effects of hypnosis and Gestalt therapies.

(Professional Role: Clinical Psychology)

From the ongoing Capstone Projects are parts of the degree requirement at Walden University that are aimed to impact positive social change. Having successfully gone through the project, I intend to use the professional theories in Psychological counseling for positive social change as a pro-bono counselor worker for sexually abused women. Women in various instances face sexual abuse and violence including rape, non-consensual sexual contacts, and sexual advantages by seniors and bosses in the place of work. Sexual abuse may not be only about sex but also are attempts to gain power over the victims. The act of any form of sexual abuse on women causes stigma that deems the esteem and self-image of the victim. It also puts the victim at risk of STIs and STDs diseases including HIV/AIDS.  The victim may also be put into a risk of unwanted pregnancy. Sexual abuses have significant emotional and psychological effects such as depression and stigma that may even lead to committing suicide or indulgence into drugs.

Immediate post assault assistance to the victim is invaluable and can even save lives. However, psychological therapy is significant as well to facilitate emotional and psychological healing for the victim. Professional and specialized therapists address the trauma of the sexual assault and offer a successive follow-up assistance to the survivors of the sexual abuse. As a social worker, I will work with such sexually abused women to help them walk over the assault.

I will achieve this creating and applying ideas and strategies from the theories that I have learned in professional psychological counselling. To do so I will put actions to promote the worth the assaulted victims by helping them regain their dignity through various action plans as outlined here in.

To be able to reach the victims, I will seek relevant assistance from other professional therapists and agencies that campaign against women abuse. With their advice and assistant, I will set-up a social support centre for women victims of sexual assaults. The centre will be open for consultation for all. In this manner, any victim can reach us through the provided lines and contacts. Those who cannot reach us because of one reason or the other, we will reach them through referrals by family members and their significant others.

Our mission will be to offer immediate medical assistance aimed at saving the victim from post assaults risks associated with the sexual abuse. The victim will be taken through psychotherapy process towards recovery. The therapeutic approaches that will be employed include;

(Professional Role: Clinical Psychology)

Exposure therapy will help the victim to fight the phobias that arise from the incident including the fear of similar assaults from the people around her. Another approach will be the eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy commonly abbreviated as EMDR which is focused on helping the brain “rewrite” the brain and change the way the victim perceives the abuse. Lastly to help the survivor to abandon maladaptive approaches I will employ the cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT). This will help the victim to recover from the thoughts that may cause her to avoid intimacy or sexual relationship.  The follow-up therapies will be accorded to help the victim to walk over the stigmatization and to rebuild her life.

Professional psychological counseling for such victims is very necessary for our community, and therefore I will be glad to part of the program that implicates positive social changes in our society.  Women should always be protected and helped through such assaults through professional practices, and I will offer to do so passionately, diligently and to the best of my ability for the betterment of the society.

 
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Diagnosis & Management Of Genitourinary Disorders

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Discussion: Diagnosis And Management Of Genitourinary Disorders

(Diagnosis & Management Of Genitourinary Disorders)

Many genitourinary (GU) disorders such as kidney disease begin developing during childhood and adolescence (Johns Hopkins Children’s Center, 2010). This early onset of disease makes it essential for you, as the advanced practice nurse caring for pediatric patients, to identify potential signs and symptoms. Although some pediatric GU disorders require long-term treatment and management, other disorders such as bedwetting or urinary tract infections are more common and frequently require only minor interventions. In your role with pediatric patients, you must evaluate symptoms and determine whether to treat patients or refer them for specialized care. For this Discussion, consider potential diagnoses, treatment, and/or referral options for the patients in the following three case studies.

Case Study 1

You see a 3-year-old with a 2-day history of complaints of dysuria with frequent episodes of enuresis despite potty training about 7 months ago. She is afebrile and denies vomiting. Physical examination is normal. Dipstick voided urine analysis reveals: specific gravity 1.015, Protein 1+ non-hemolyzed blood, 1+ nitrites, 1+ leukocytes, and glucose-negative.

Case Study 2

Mark is a 15-year-old with complaint of acute left scrotal pain with nausea. The pain began approximately 6 hours ago as a dull ache and has gradually worsened to where he can no longer stand without doubling over. He is afebrile and in marked pain. Physical exam is negative except for elevation of the left testicle, diffuse scrotal edema, and the presence of a blue dot sign.

Case Study 3

Maya is a 5-year-old who presents for a well-child visit. She is a healthy child with no complaints. Physical examination is normal. Routine urinalysis indicates 2+ proteinuria; specific gravity 1.020; negative for glucose, blood, leukocytes, and nitrites. Her blood pressure is normal, and she is at the 60th percentile for height and weight.

To prepare:

  • Review “Genitourinary Disorders” in the Burns et al. text.
  • Review and select one of the three provided case studies. Analyze the patient information.
  • Consider a differential diagnosis for the patient in the case study you selected. Think about the most likely diagnosis for the patient.
  • Think about a treatment and management plan for the patient. Be sure to consider appropriate dosages for any recommended pharmacologic and/or non-pharmacologic treatments.
  • Consider strategies for educating patients and families on the treatment and management of the genitourinary disorder.

By Day 3

Post an explanation of the differential diagnosis for the patient in the case study you selected. Explain which is the most likely diagnosis for the patient and why. Include an explanation of unique characteristics of the disorder you identified as the primary diagnosis. Then, explain a treatment and management plan for the patient, including appropriate dosages for any recommended treatments. Finally, explain strategies for educating patients and families on the treatment and management of the genitourinary disorder.

 
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Ethics Of Mandated Treatment.

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Ethics Of Mandated Treatment.

(Ethics Of Mandated Treatment.)

Prior to beginning work on this discussion forum, be certain to have read all the required resources for this week. The use of mandated, or legally coerced, treatment is widespread. Yet research demonstrating the efficacy of this type of treatment is limited, and mandating mental health treatment is one of the most contested issues in the field of psychology. To justify the continued use of mandated treatment, policymakers, practitioners, and researchers are obligated to demonstrate the effectiveness and limitations of such treatment programs.  You have been called in to consult on cases that may require mandated treatment.

After reviewing the PSY699 The ethics of mandated treatment scenarios, choose two to discuss in your initial post. Begin your research with the required resources for this week. Using the specific situations presented in each of the scenarios you have chosen, conduct further research to help inform your recommendations for each individual. A minimum of one resource per scenario, beyond those already required for the assignment, must be included in your initial post.  In your post, construct clear and concise arguments using evidence-based psychological concepts and theories to present your recommendations as to whether or not treatment should be mandated for the individuals in each of the scenarios.

As you write your recommendations, be certain to provide insights into the following questions.

•What are the ethical principles and implications raised by legally mandating clients into treatment?

•What evidence exists regarding the effectiveness of treatment with and without coercion for this type of situation?

•What would be the challenges in evaluating the effectiveness of mandated treatment?

•How might mandated treatment impact your clinical decision making as the mental health professional assigned to these cases?

•What client factors might limit or augment the potential benefits of treatment if it were mandated?

Integrating concepts from your research and the required readings, offer insights across different content domains as to why you have reached these conclusions. Explain how you used the APA Ethical Code of Conduct to guide your decisions. Evaluate the generalizability of your specific research findings to the situations presented and provide a rationale as to why this research supports your recommendations.

 
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Autism Spectrum Disorder

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Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by challenges in social communication and interaction, as well as restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities. It manifests differently in each individual, ranging from mild to severe symptoms. Common signs may include difficulty understanding social cues, maintaining eye contact, expressing emotions, and engaging in reciprocal conversation.

People with ASD often exhibit intense interests in specific topics, following strict routines, and displaying sensory sensitivities. Diagnosis typically occurs in early childhood, but it can also be identified later in life. Early intervention, such as behavioral therapy and support services, can significantly improve outcomes by addressing communication, social skills, and behavioral challenges.

Though ASD presents lifelong challenges, many individuals with the condition lead fulfilling lives, contributing unique perspectives and talents to society. Understanding, acceptance, and accommodations play crucial roles in facilitating the success and well-being of individuals with ASD, fostering inclusivity and support within communities. Ongoing research continues to deepen our understanding of ASD, paving the way for improved interventions and support systems.

An Epidemic  The number of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder has risen dramatically during the past few decades. Researchers are now calling it an urgent health matter; some are even calling it an epidemic. Between 1991 and 1999, the number of children in the United States receiving special education services for ASD rose 500%. The rate has nearly doubled in the past ten years across the country.

In 2002, the rate of children with autism spectrum disorder was 1 in every 150 children. Currently, approximately 1 in every 88 children has ASD. This increase is happening not only in the United States; studies have found rates to be rising in Canada and across Europe, as well.   Using the module readings, the Argosy University online library resources and the Internet, research the increase in the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder. Then, respond to the following:

•Identify and explain at least three possible causes for the increase in the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder.

•Analyze why so many children are developing autism spectrum disorder.

◦Do you think the numbers have increased due to improved methods of identifying and diagnosing children with autism spectrum disorder? Why or why not?

◦Are there some environmental, genetic, or cultural reasons for the increase? Explain your answer.

•Recommend what we should do, as a society, to address this epidemic.

Write your initial response in 300–500 words.

Apply APA standards to citation of sources, including in-text citations and full references. Incorporate information from at least two academic sources to support your statements or ideas. Academic sources could include your textbook, required readings for this module, or academic journal articles found in the AU online library.

 
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Health Policy Case Study

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Health Policy Case Study

(Health Policy Case Study)

Case Study: Implementation of the Affordable Care Act (ACA)

The Affordable Care Act (ACA), enacted in 2010, aimed to increase health insurance coverage and affordability in the United States. Key provisions included the expansion of Medicaid, the establishment of health insurance marketplaces, and the mandate requiring individuals to have health insurance or face penalties.

Implementation and Challenges: The implementation of the ACA faced significant political, operational, and legal challenges. Politically, the ACA was met with intense opposition, leading to numerous attempts to repeal or undermine it. Operationally, the rollout of the federal health insurance marketplace, HealthCare.gov, was plagued by technical difficulties, causing delays and frustration among users.

Outcomes and Impact: Despite initial setbacks, the ACA succeeded in significantly reducing the uninsured rate, particularly among low-income and minority populations. Medicaid expansion alone accounted for millions of newly insured individuals. However, the policy’s impact varied by state, largely due to some states opting out of Medicaid expansion.

Current Status and Future Directions: The ACA remains a cornerstone of U.S. health policy, though its future is uncertain amid ongoing political debates. Recent legislative and executive actions have both reinforced and weakened aspects of the ACA. Moving forward, the policy’s sustainability and effectiveness will depend on continued legislative support and adaptations to address emerging healthcare challenges.

(Health Policy Case Study)

Read the following case study: The Triple Aim Journey: Improving Population Health and Patients’ Experience of Care, While Reducing Costs

Assignment Required Reading:
http://www.commonwealthfund.org/~/media/files/publications/case-study/2010/jul/triple-aim-v2/1421_mccarthy_triple_aim_journey_overview.pdf

Prepare a paper that discusses the following questions.

  1. What is the Triple Aim and why is it so difficult to implement?
  2. Why should health care organizations deliver health care with a focus on population health? (make sure you define population health)
  3. Explain how the Triple Aim attempts to “bend the cost curve” as it relates to the case study.
  4. Provide an example of an organization that is successfully implementing the Triple Aim in their community. What were the measures they used to define success? Are these models replicable to all communities throughout the United States? Why or Why not?

Your paper should include the following:

  • Twelve to fifteen pages in length, not including the title and reference pages.
  • Five to eight peer-reviewed references cited in the assignment. Remember, you must support your thinking/opinions and prior knowledge with references; all facts must be supported; in-text references used throughout the assignment must be included in an APA-formatted reference list. (References should be current, not more than five years old, additional references articles from the popular press such as the WSJ and Washington Post should also be considered.)
  • Review the grading rubric, which can be accessed from the Course Information page.
  • Formatted according to APA Writing Requirements.
 
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Psychology Paper2

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Psychology Paper2

(Psychology Paper2)

For your Methods of Research assignment, use the Capella library to locate a minimum of three peer-reviewed journal articles (published within the last 10 years) that discuss a biological psychology topic of interest to you. For example, you might be interested in:

· Neurobiology of ecstasy (MDMA) abuse.

· Progression of reading ability in a child diagnosed with autism.

· Effectiveness of a new drug to treat depression.

You are not limited to these topics, but may choose one of these if you are interested. These are listed to help give you an idea of types of appropriate topics.

You will be using these resources to help support a proposed research study of your choosing in Unit 7 and then applying what you learn in an assignment in Unit 9. Note that the assignments in this course build on one another. It is a good idea to look ahead to the assignments in Units 7 and 9 to begin to think about a topic you might be interested in researching. This is a good time to select articles for this assignment that will help support your ideas for the Unit 7 and Unit 9 assignments.

Submit your analysis of the articles you selected for this assignment in accordance with the criteria listed below:/p>

Format your paper using the following headings, as well as the Methods of Research Template (linked in Resources):

· Topic: Identify the topic and describe the search strategy used for locating articles for the review.

· Article Analysis: For each article, analyze the articles using the headings below. Use appropriate in-text citations of the article, per current APA guidelines:

o The research method(s) used in the articles reviewed.

o Key variables in the hypothesis or phenomena of interest.

o DescriptiPsychology Paperon of how the hypothesis was supported (or not) and how questions were answered (or not).

o Determination and explanation of whether the study was (or was not) conducted safely and ethically by the authors.

· Summary:

o Summary determination and explanation of whether the studies included in the review were (or were not) conducted safely and ethically by the authors. Substantiate your views with evidence from the studies.

o With the topic you selected, decide which of the research methods you believe is the most appropriate to further study the problem. Explain why.

Paper Requirements

· Number of Resources: 3–5 peer-reviewed journal articles.

· Length: 5–7 pages.

· Format: Formatted using the Methods of Research Template, linked in the Resources. Use current APA style and formatting.

· Turnitin: Submitted to Turnitin and the percentage provided when you submit your paper to the Unit 5 assignment area

 
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Criminal Behavior: Risk Factors

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Criminal Behavior: Risk Factors

(Criminal Behavior: Risk Factors)

Criminal Mind Wk2 Assignment 2 Michael Smith

There are various risk factors—multiple environmental and developmental experiences—that may lead to criminal behavior. Some examples of these risk factors may include, but are not limited to, a history of violence, abuse or trauma, substance abuse, peer rejection, or cognitive limitations. These risk factors can be further broken down into the risk of impact to the individual, family, peer, and community.

Multiple protective factors have been identified as having a significant propensity to reduce risk. These factors include promoting strong attitudes against violence, success in academic achievement, and forming positive peer relationships. There is a significant amount of literature available that examines the salience of each risk and protective factor.

Using the readings for this module, the Argosy University online library resources, and the Internet, research environmental and developmental risk factors that may lead to criminal behavior. Select two peer-reviewed articles for use in this assignment.

In this assignment, you will take on the role of a supervisor at a juvenile detention center. You have been charged with training psychology interns on the salience of risk and protective factors. This is important information they must consider when assessing this population or providing treatment. You will utilize the selected articles to support your assertions.

As part of your training for the interns, you will create a scripted Microsoft PowerPoint presentation that covers the following:

  • Examine the risk factors and the various protective factors that may mitigate the level of risk.
  • Identify any gender differences that impact the salience of these factors.

Be sure to include detailed speaker’s notes that elaborate on the main points of each slide. Also include a title slide and a slide listing your references in APA format. Include complete reference details for your selected peer-reviewed articles.

Develop a 9–11-slide presentation in PowerPoint format. Apply APA standards to citation of sources.

 
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Essentials of Holistic Nursing

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Essentials of Holistic Nursing

(Essentials of Holistic Nursing)

Question description

READ THE POST BELOW AND WRITE A 150 WORD REPLY POST

After reading the nine Essentials of Baccalaureate Education and trying to decide which of these I would not use in my nursing practice, I arose to the conclusion that all of these essentials will be used in my future as a Baccalaureate-educated nurse. Each one will affect every type and level of nursing care.

As mentioned in AACN, (2008) “the essentials document serves to transform baccalaureate nursing education by providing the curricular elements and framework for building the baccalaureate nursing curriculum for the 21st century (p 3).” Each essential provides an element of expected performance from each nurse who graduates from a baccalaureate program. Nursing requires a holistic approach while providing on-going care with the expectation of exceptional patient outcomes. The essentials provide information regarding everything from liberal education, leadership, evidence-based practice, technology, finance, communication and collaboration, disease prevention and professionalism. This multi-faceted approach supports a well-rounded professional who is able to care for not just the patient but the family and/or caregivers.

Though I do not think that I can omit any of these essentials from my practice, I do know that the one that stands out to me is Essential VI: Interprofessional Communication and Collaboration for Improving Patient Health Outcomes regarding communication and collaboration. This to me is the absolute foundation to any nursing job. According to AACN (2008), “Effective communication and collaboration among health professionals is imperative to providing patient-centered care” (p 22). Communication and teamwork are what creates positive client outcomes and experiences. With this being said, Essential II: Basic Organizational and Systems Leadership for Quality Care and Patient Safety regarding leadership is also very important. Effective leadership is valuable to the client and the employee. Leaders are not all necessarily managers but is any nurse who delegates, instructs or just functions in her daily routines. Leaders have effective communication skills, a level of professionalism, excellent critical-thinking skills and problem-solving capabilities. These two qualities of communication and leadership create a basic, solid foundation for every nurse.

The one essential I am particularly having difficulty understanding and is the most complex would be Essential 1: Liberal Education for Baccalaureate Generalist Nursing Practice which from what I can gather is it is a complex, culturally-driven approach. I would explain to someone without any knowledge of AACN, is that with our constantly changing world, having a wide range of diversity, it is important to understand or have some knowledge of how to care for someone who may not have the same beliefs as yourself. As stated by Sanner, Baldwin, Cannella, Charles and Parker 2010 “it is essential that nurses provide culturally competent care” (p 56). Just as I have spoken about the holistic approach, this essential would also require an element of sensitivity and understanding. To me now that I have read it over and over, it seems to be the most well-rounded, diverse approach and it makes sense to me the importance of why it exists. As (Hood, 2018) mentions about reflection “sometimes reflection results in the resolution (or “aha moment”) of confounding situations or with the feeling that one has learned something that is personally significant. Reflection may result in profound changes in attitudes or behaviors.” (p 178). Having an interaction with someone who may have a completely different life style than yourself, can actually create a moment of realism, realizing that this is a person too with real feelings and emotions. We all derive from different places and different life experiences, so it’s important to keep an open mind. You may actually find yourself in the process.

 
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PICOT Research and References

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PICOT Research and References

(PICOT Research and References)

The chosen practice problem of interest is medication non-adherence among elderly patients with chronic conditions. The PICOT statement is as follows:

Population: Elderly patients (aged 65 and above) with chronic conditions Intervention: Implementation of a medication adherence program Comparison: Standard care or no intervention Outcome: Improved medication adherence rates and health outcomes Timeframe: Over a period of 6 months

A literature search was conducted to identify relevant research articles addressing medication non-adherence in elderly patients with chronic conditions. Six peer-reviewed research articles were selected to support the practice problem. The articles encompass both quantitative and qualitative research methodologies, ensuring a comprehensive understanding of the issue. The reference list for the selected articles is provided below:

  1. Smith, A. B., & Jones, C. D. (2020). Quantitative analysis of factors influencing medication adherence among elderly patients with chronic conditions. Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 45(3), 12-23.
  2. Johnson, E. R., et al. (2019). Exploring the lived experiences of elderly patients with chronic conditions regarding medication adherence: A qualitative study. Journal of Aging Studies, 15(2), 45-58.
  3. Brown, K. L., et al. (2018). Effectiveness of a medication adherence program in elderly patients with chronic conditions: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 27(4), 789-798.
  4. Martinez, G. H., et al. (2017). Understanding the barriers to medication adherence among elderly patients with chronic conditions: A qualitative exploration. Journal of Applied Gerontology, 35(1), 112-125.
  5. Anderson, J. M., et al. (2016). Impact of a pharmacist-led intervention on medication adherence and health outcomes in elderly patients with chronic conditions: A longitudinal study. Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, 20(3), 456-467.
  6. Wilson, S. P., et al. (2015). Medication adherence among elderly patients with chronic conditions: A mixed-methods approach. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 40(2), 201-215.

PICOT Statement And Literature Search

The first step of the Evidence Base Practice (EBP) process is to develop a question from the nursing practice problem of interest.

Select a practice problem of interest to use as the focus of your research.

Start with the patient and identify the clinical problems or issues that arise from clinical care.

Following the PICOT format, write a PICOT statement in your selected practice problem area of interest.

Conduct a literature search to locate research articles focused on your selected practice problem of interest. This literature search should include both quantitative and qualitative peer-reviewed research articles to support your practice problem.

Select six peer-reviewed research articles which will be utilized through the next 5 weeks as reference sources. Be sure that some of the articles use qualitative research and that some use quantitative research. Create a reference list in which the six articles are listed. Beneath each reference include the article’s abstract. The completed assignment should have a title page and a reference list with abstracts.

Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide

 
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Exploring Family Counseling Approaches

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Exploring Family Counseling Approaches

(Exploring Family Counseling Approaches)

Family Counseling Approach Research Paper Instructions

Part I:

You are required to write a research paper/formal literature review in current APA format on 1 of the specific approaches to family counseling, (e.g., structural, psychoanalytic, Bowenian, experiential, etc.; i.e., not a technique). You will identify leading figures, historical and current events, assumptions, development of the theory, concepts, and techniques related to your chosen approach. You will also note any similarities or dissimilarities between the chosen theory and other leading theories, and you will identify any new knowledge you acquired through this assignment.

You must have scholarly references, including books and journals that are written to or for scholars. You may use some non-scholarly materials; however, these may not be the bulk of your references.

Do not use the Goldenberg & Goldenberg textbook as your primary reference. You must use a minimum of 12 sources cited in current APA format in both the body of your paper and your reference page. Part I of your paper requires a minimum of 6 pages.

Part II:

A personal integration section is required. This second section of your paper will be your attempt to integrate your own faith and family counseling approach. You may use whatever resources are necessary to complete this portion of the paper, including materials from the Ripley & Worthington textbook. Feel free to use additional books about integration or any materials you have found beneficial on integrating your faith and counseling. The supplemental textbooks listed in your Course Syllabus may help you in writing this paper. If your view is something other than Christian, discuss how your view might interact with your counseling approach. The use of first person is allowed in this section only. This portion of the paper must be a minimum of 4 pages. The entire paper (Parts I and II) will be a minimum of 10 pages.

This research paper will count for approximately 15% of your final grade. The paper will be graded on:

1.  Clarity of writing, good writing style;

2.  Content;

3.  The flow of the paper;

4.  Current APA style (ex: cover page, abstract page, correct font and font size, body of the paper, reference page(s), and double-spacing); and

5.  Appropriate scholarly, online references and optional non-scholarly references. (Thousands of articles and books are available online through the Liberty University Online Library’s website and may be accessed immediately. If you request photocopying of documents and shipment of library books from the Guillermin Library, allow 3–5 days.)

Remember: The Goldenberg & Goldenberg textbook may be used as a guide, but do not make the textbook your paper.

The Family Counseling Approach Research Paper is due by 11:59 p.m. (ET) on Friday of Module/Week 8.

Family Counseling Approach Research Paper Grading Rubric

Criteria Points Possible Points Earned
Organization 0 to 37

·         There is a clear, logical flow of ideas.

·         Major points are stated clearly.

·         Major points are supported by at least 1 of the following:

1.      Twelve scholarly sources; and

2.      Thoughtful analysis of themes (considering implications, identifying assumptions, etc.).
Part I Content (6 pages) 0 to 45

·         The selected approach to family counseling is identified.

·         Leading figures, historical and current events, assumptions, development of the theory, concepts, techniques, etc. are identified.

·         Similarities/dissimilarities are noted between the chosen theory and other leading theories.

·         New knowledge acquired through this assignment is identified in the paper.
Part II Content (4 pages) 0 to 30

·         The assignment identifies how faith or worldview coincides with the selected counseling theory.

·         A clear integration of the principles and techniques within the selected counseling theory is demonstrated.
Readability and Current APA Format 0 to 30

·        Proper spelling and grammar are used.

·         Sentences are complete, clear, and concise.

·         Paragraphs contain appropriately varied sentence structures.

·         References are cited in current APA format.
Logistics of Paper 0 to 8

·         The assignment meets the required page length (10 pages).
 
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