Revising Writing: Structure & Transitions

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Revising Your Writing: Structure and Transitions

(Revising Writing: Structure & Transitions)

Structure refers to how you begin and conclude a paragraph, whereas transitions are the subtle ways you guide the reader, compare, and connect ideas. These concepts are represented in the “M” and “L” (main idea and lead-out) sections of the MEAL plan for paragraphs. They are also necessary in scholarly writing to ensure your reader’s engagement and interest.

This week’s Learning Resources provide a useful framework for better understanding ways to use structure and transitions in your writing to create flow between paragraphs and overall cohesion for your essay.

For this Discussion, you will reflect on your own writing in relation to creating structured, well-connected paragraphs. Based on what you have learned from the week’s Resources, you will share your thoughts and experiences on structure and transitions.

To prepare for this Discussion:

  • Review      the Learning Resources on transitions, paragraph development, and the MEAL      plan.
  • Reflect      on your writing proRevising Writing: Structure and TransitionsRevising Writing: Structure and TransitionsRevising Writing: Structure and Transitionscess in relation to structure and transitions.

By tomorrow Tuesday 12/19/17 12 pm, write a minimum of 350 words essay in APA format with 2 references from the list of required readings below. Include the level one as numbered below:

1) Post a 1- to 2- paragraph reflection on your skills in using structure and transitions to create a sense of flow in an essay.

 

2) Include any phrases, words, or sentences that you have used in the past. (Note: You may choose to reflect specifically on how you will apply strategies for structure and transitions in this week’s Assignment.)

Required Readings

Laureate Education. (2015). MEAL plan for paragraph development [Infographic]. Baltimore, MD: Author.

Walden University Writing Center. (2015i). Walden templates: General templates: APA course paper template (6th ed.). Retrieved from http://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/templates/general

Arneson, B. K. (2014, May 11). Breaking down the MEAL plan: Wrapping up with lead out sentences [Blog post]. Retrieved from http://waldenwritingcenter.blogspot.com/2014/05/breaking-down-meal-plan-wrapping-up.html

Oyler, B. (2014, April 21). Breaking down the MEAL plan: Beginning with the main idea [Blog post]. Retrieved from http://waldenwritingcenter.blogspot.com/2014/04/developing-paragraphs-with-meal-plan.html

Skarbakka, K. (2013, January 10). Steer your reader right with effective transitions [Blog post]. Retrieved from http://waldenwritingcenter.blogspot.com/2013/01/steer-your-reader-right-with-effective.html

Required Media

Walden University Writing Center (Producer). (2013, July 1). WriteCast: Creating a successful paragraph (Episode 3) [Audio file]. Retrieved from https://soundcloud.com/writecast/creating-a-successful

Note: The approximate length of this media piece is 21 minutes.

Transcript: http://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/transcripts/podcasts/ep003

Walden University Writing Center. (2015). Transitions video playlist [Video files]. Retrieved from http://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/paragraphs/transitions#s-lg-box-10235918

Note: View the entire playlist of videos on this web page. The approximate combined length is 6 minutes.

 
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Networking Solutions Proposal Paper

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Networking Solutions Proposal Paper

(Networking Solutions Proposal Paper)

Technical Writing Project proposal paper for intro to capstone a Network Administration course in Information Technology

Question description

The project topic has to be related to networking in information technology. The purpose of this project is to identify the need of some sort of networking service in any type of organization and provide a solution. Paper will need to have some created evidence such as screenshots or diagrams since the project can not actually be performed in real time.The proposal for the project will explain how you plan to approach and carry out your project.

I will put the description/requirements down below as well as attach the rubric.

Example Project Ideas:

-A Company is moving to a new location/building and you need to design and set up the network for the new building, include layout of the building..include all networking related aspects.

-Set up wireless network for small business / organization and in guest access. Talk about different departments and access points and Vlans..etc.

-Install active directory for a company and get everyone on the server

-Converting 5 machines to windows 10

OR YOU CAN CHOOSE ANY RELATED TOPIC TO THE NETWORKING ASPECT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY BUT PLEASE LET ME KNOW WHAT TOPIC YOU CHOOSE BEFORE WRITING PAPER

Introduction:

The technical writing assessment will consist primarily of a proposal for a major IT project. Your proposal serves two purposes. First, it allows you to demonstrate your competency in the technical writing domain. Second, it helps you organize your ideas for the project so you can complete the project as efficiently as possible. The proposal for your project will explain how you plan to approach and carry out your project. Your proposal will be evaluated on the necessary components and on the proficiency of your technical writing.

Your proposed project will take one of the following four formats (see the attached “Project Format Descriptions” for further information and project examples):
• intellectual product/service
• physical product/service
• event or activity
• system improvements or enhancements

Requirements:

A. Identify a topic for your project that aligns with your degree program.

B. Create a proposal (suggested length of 15–20 pages) that will be a narrative description of your project, including the following components:

1. Cover Sheet: Provide a cover sheet for your proposal that includes the following elements:

• project name

• your name

• your degree program

• your student mentor’s name

2. Introduction (suggested length of 2–4 pages): Provide an overview of your project.

3. Review of Other Work (suggested length of 3–5 pages): Provide a review of what other third-party work has been done on this topic.

4. Rationale (suggested length of 2–3 pages): Provide a rationale for your project.

5. Systems Analysis and Methodology (suggested length of 2–4 pages): Provide a systems analysis and methodology by doing the following:

a. Provide an analysis of the current state of the project environment.

b. Provide a methodology for executing your project.

6. Project Goals and Objectives (suggested length of 3–5 pages): Explain the goals and objectives for the project, including the following information:

• identification of goals and objectives

• description of goals and objectives

• criteria that will be used to measure the objectives

7. Project Deliverables (suggested length of 5–8 pages): Explain what types of deliverables your project will provide.

Note: Your project will include some sort of formal report. It will likely also include a technical IT product and/or a user’s manual or other documentation.

8. Project Timeline with Milestones: Provide a projected timeline with milestones for your project.

C. When you use sources, include all in-text citations and references in APA format.

Note: For definitions of terms commonly used in the rubric, see the Rubric Terms web link included in the Evaluation Procedures section.

Note: When using sources to support ideas and elements in an assessment, the submission MUST include APA formatted in-text citations with a corresponding reference list for any direct quotes or paraphrasing. It is not necessary to list sources that were consulted if they have not been quoted or paraphrased in the text of the assessment.

Note: No more than a combined total of 30% of a submission can be directly quoted or closely paraphrased from outside sources, even if cited correctly.

 
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Project Deliverable6: Project Plan

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Project Deliverable6: Final Project Plan

(Project Deliverable6: Project Plan)

Question description

This assignment consists of four (4) sections: a written project plan, a revised business requirements document, a project plan PowerPoint presentation, and the finalized project plan. You must submit the four (4) sections as separate files for the completion of this assignment. Label each file name according to the section of the assignment it is written for. Additionally, you may create and / or assume all necessary assumptions needed for the completion of this assignment.

While taking all business and project parameters into consideration, make quality assumptions to support the following requirements.

Section 1: Written Project Plan 

You are now in the final stage of the project plan development. All previous documentation should be combined into one (1) document that will serve as the statement of work for the project. Your goal is to have the project approved by the executive team. The project plan should be very detailed, which is appropriate to accomplish the monumental task of implementation; however, the executive team is only interested in a thirty (30) minute summation. Therefore, you also must create a compelling executive summary that is supported by your detail that convinces the executive team that it should move forward with your solution.

Develop a thirty to forty (30-40) page project plan in which you:

  • Write a five to ten (5-10) page executive summary in which you provide a high-level technical overview of your project where you address the following:
  1. Describe the scope of the project and control measures.
  2. Describe the goals and objectives of the project.
  3. Give a detailed, realistically estimated cost analysis of the entire project, including technical resources (human capital) that may be needed to complete the project.
  4. Relate the value of the project plan solution to the competitive advantage that information technology will afford the organization.
  5. Provide all aspects of the information technology implementation into the project plan.
  6. Recommend solution providers who can assist with development and implementation. Include a cost analysis of at least three (3) providers.
  • Combine all previous documentation for Project Deliverables 1-5 in which you:
  1. Provide all aspects of the information technology implementation into the project plan.
  2. Revise the documentation based on feedback from the earlier evaluation of the deliverable.
  • Use at least five (5) quality resources in this assignment. Note: Wikipedia and similar Websites do not qualify as quality resources.

Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:

  • Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.
  • Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length.
  • Include charts or diagrams created in MS Visio and MS Project as appendix of the Word document. Make reference of these files in the body of the Word document.

Section 2: Revised Business Requirements Document

  • Document all revisions made to the written project plan in the Document Control section of the business requirements document from Project Deliverable 2: Business Requirements. Note: This documentation must outline the revisions made to the previous deliverables required in Section 1: Written Project Plan.

Section 3: Project Plan PowerPoint Presentation

  • Additional to your detailed executive summary you must present your findings to the executive team and the venture capital group that along with the executive summary will convince the group that your solution is optimal.
  • Create a ten to fifteen (10-15) slide PowerPoint presentation in which you:
  1. Illustrate the concepts from the executive summary in Section 1 of this assignment.
  2. Create bulleted speaking notes for your presentation to the executive board in the Notes section of the PowerPoint. Note: You may create or assume any fictitious names, data, or scenarios that have not been established in this assignment for a realistic flow of communication.
  3. Use a professional technically written style to graphically convey the information.

Section 4: Finalized Project Plan

  • Use Microsoft project to:
  1. Finalize your project plan from Project Deliverable 5: Network Infrastructure and Security to include all necessary changes in assumptions, tasks, and / or subtasks.

Harness all previous done project that u have handled for me as i explained to you from the inception. Follow the instruction as stated to the letter. Pls i need maximum points here, give it ur best, thank you. PLs don’t ask for more money. U have been handling all of them.

 
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WK3/kmc Nursing Leadership

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WK3/kmc Nursing Leadership

(WK3/kmc Nursing Leadership)

To be a change agent means to transform the environment that needs to be worked upon. “Being a change agent is a major function for nurses. Nurses are on the floor seeing the effects medicine and the health care system is having on the patient” (Keyes, 2017). I personally have yet to act as a change agent, but I have witnessed it in my own facility. Just recently we switched how we handle wound care. The hospital went years without a hospital-acquired wound, and sadly they had

14. Due to the reoccurring issues, a team of nurses, physicians, CNAs, CNO, etc. all gather together to come up with a plan and implement it. Included in this plan was: a turn schedule, inquiring more/better air mattresses, and wound care education for everyone. With the new plan in place, the wounds have decreased and the existing wounds have healed better as well.

In just the last month, our charting system has been updated. Our old system had many complaints, issues, too many steps and overall just wasn’t the best. The new charting is more efficient for the medical staff in that it takes less amount of time to chart. Also, steps and certain things like IVs, wounds don’t have to be re-charted unless there was a change. In addition, with the old charting, the same questions and answers would have to be re-charted when the ER admitted a patient.

With the new charting in place, admissions to the floor take half the time than before. Nurses were definitely on the list when implementing this change. It took some years to come up with a plan and put it into place, but it happened and it works. We use the system probably more than anyone else and voiced our concerns for a change. Nurses “play a critical role in shaping the health care system of the future” (Keyes, 2017) someday I too hope to become a change agent.

 
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Defining Abstract Concepts Personally

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Defining Abstract Concepts Personally

(Defining Abstract Concepts Personally)

Definition Essay

Question description

A definition essay defines a word, term, or concept in depth by providing a personal commentary on what the specific subject means.

A. Most physical objects have a definition about which most people agree.

1. Most people will agree on what trees, windows, computers, and pencils are in general.

2. These objects all have specific physical properties that most people can agree on through the use of their physical senses.

B. However, abstract terms, such as love, pain, or patriotism, have different meanings for different individuals since such terms play on people’s feelings more than their physical senses.

C. The definition essay provides a personal, extended definition of such terms by linking or comparing the term to a previous definition and by illustrating how that term should be applied.

II. Setting up the definition essay

A. Select a subject carefully.

1. Since such essays are personal in nature, select your subject based on your own need to clarify the term.

a. For example, if you feel that the word marriage should be defined in a limited manner, that term would make a good subject for a definition essay.

b. Perhaps as a parent, you want to define what the term discipline means from your point of view.

2. Select a term or subject that you know well enough so that you can provide specific examples to illustrate your definition.

a. For example, if you aren’t familiar with the term platonic love, don’t attempt to define it in an extended essay.

b. The subject of the essay must be familiar enough to you that you can readily supply specific examples.

3. Don’t select a subject either too broad or too narrow to fit the parameters of your essay.

a. For example, the word hat may be too narrow for you to define in an extended essay.

b. On the other hand, the term love may be too broad or general since pinning it down to a single definition is very difficult.

B. Once you have selected a subject, outline your paper carefully before writing.

1. Outlining will help you determine the specific points you want to cover in the definition and point out where you need examples.

2. Here are some suggestions for how to outline a definition paper:

I. Introduction

A. Attention getter

1. You may want to include the traditional or dictionary definition here to provide a basis for your personal definition.

2. You may want to open with a contradictory image to what would be your image to illustrate that definition.

B. Thesis: State how you define the term. If you can write the definition using specific points, you will find the definition easier to follow when writing the paper.

II. Body(Defining Abstract Concepts Personally)

A. Background information:

1. Often unnecessary in this type of paper

2. However, you may need to provide some background about the term or your connection to the term.

B. Point one

1. The first part of your definition of the term.

2. Example to illustrate that point.

3. Analysis of how the example illustrates the point.

C. Point two

1. The second part of the definition of the term.

2. Example to illustrate that point.

3. Analysis of how the example illustrates the point.

D. Point three

1. The third part of the definition (if there is one)

2. Example to illustrate that point.

3. Analysis of how the example illustrates the point.

E. Point four, etc.

III. Conclusion

A. Review your definition’s main points

B. Closing attention getter

1. Sometimes a reference back to the opening attention-getter is a good way of unifying the entire essay.

2. You may want to close with an explanation of how your definition has affected you.

3. Here is the outline for the sample definition paper on patriotism:

I. Introduction

A. Attention getter: Traditional definition of patriotism (as perceived in an image)

B. Thesis: Patriotism is speaking out when a person feels the country is right or wrong, voting, campaigning, and respecting others.

II. Body

A. Speaking out when country is wrong

1. Vietnam

2. Slavery

3. Women’s right to vote

B. Speaking out when country is right

1. Afghanistan

2. Health care

C. Voting

1. Making a choice based on one’s needs

2. Being involved in the voting process

D. Campaigning

1. Finding a candidate who represents country’s needs

2. Barbara Boxer from California

E. Respecting others

1. Paying taxes.

2. Respecting others’ points of view

3. Arab-American prejudice after 9/11.

III. Conclusion

A. Review of patriot as protestor, voter, and respectful citizen.

B. Closing attention getter: return to introduction’s image of patriot

III. Writing the definition essay

A. Make sure that you have a good, specific thesis that tells readers just how you will define the term.

B. Follow your outline to remind yourself when you need examples and analysis of those examples.

1. Modify your outline when you think you need to.
2. Remember not to paragraph based on your outline’s points.

C. Use good, specific examples to illustrate each point.

1. Examples allow readers to visualize how the definition can be applied.

2. You may need to do research to find good examples.

D. Provide good transitions to link all parts of the essay.

E. Have a good conclusion that brings the parts of the definition together and leaves readers with an image of how the definition is applied.

F. Proofread carefully.

 
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Assignment 2: Attentional Blink

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Assignment 2: Attentional Blink

(Assignment 2: Attentional Blink)

There are many stimuli in your environment of which you are not aware. You use attention to filter out unimportant stimuli and focus on relevant stimuli. However, there are circumstances under which you cannot perceive stimuli, regardless of how hard you “pay attention.” One situation is when visual stimuli are presented in quick succession. If the interval between the two stimuli is short enough, you do not perceive the second stimulus. This lapse in attention is known as attentional blink. In this assignment, you will experience the attentional blink for yourself and will also read about practical implications of the phenomenon.

Access the CogLab demonstration Attentional Blink. Follow the instructions to complete the demonstration.

Read the following article:

Using the experience from the CogLab demonstration and information from the article, write a paper that addresses the following:

  • Explain how the attentional blink relates to attention. Analyze how the variation in time influences the probability of seeing the second target letter. Explain the circumstances under which the attentional blink can be eliminated.
  • In the CogLab demonstration, letters were used as targets. The target used can influence the duration of one’s attentional blink and whether the attentional blink even occurs. Complete the following tasks:
    • Propose at least two other targets that could be used to induce the attentional blink.
    • Predict the effect each of your suggested targets would have on the duration of one’s attentional blink as compared to the CogLab activity you completed.
    • Explain the reasoning behind your predictions.
  • Present and discuss at least three occupations in which workers’ performance could be adversely affected by attentional blink. Identify and explain the types of problems or mistakes that might occur in such occupations due to the attentional blink.
  • Several years ago, some vehicle models came with a heads-up display (HUD). Instead of looking down at a panel on the dashboard, speed, distance traveled, fuel level, and time appeared to be displayed over the hood of the car. Discuss this design in terms of divided attention and attentional blink. Do you think the design was a good idea?

Write a 4-page paper in Word format. Apply APA standards to citation of sources. Use the following file naming convention: LastnameFirstInitial_M2_A2.doc.

 
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Case Analysis – Treatment Format2

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Case Analysis – Treatment Format2
Week 4 – Assignment

Case Analysis – Treatment Format2

Prior to beginning work on this week’s journal, read the PSY650 Week Four Treatment Plan ,Preview the document Case 15: Borderline Personality Disorder in Gorenstein and Comer (2014), and Borderline Personality Disorder in Sneed et al., . (2012). Please also read the Rizvi, et al. (2013), “An Overview of Dialectical Behavior Therapy for Professional Psychologists,” Harned, et al.  (2013), “Treatment Preference Among Suicidal and Self-Injuring Women with Borderline Personality Disorder and PTSD,” Miller (2006), “Telehealth Issues in Consulting Psychology Practice,”  and Luxton, et al. (2011), “mHealth for Mental Health: Integrating Smartphone Technology in Behavioral Healthcare” articles.

Assess the evidence-based practices implemented in this case study. In your paper, include the following.

  • Explain the connection between each theoretical orientation used by Dr. Bank’s and the interventions utilized in the case.
  • Describe the concept of dialectical behavior therapy, being sure to include the six main points of this type of treatment.
  • Explain Dr. Banks’s primary goal during the pre-treatment stage and how Dr. Banks related this to Karen in her initial therapy sessions.
  • Describe the two formats that Dr. Banks told Karen would be part of her treatment program.
  • Describe the focus of the second and third stages of treatment.
  • Assume the role of a consulting clinical or counseling psychologist on this case, and recommend at least one technology-based e-therapy tool that would be useful. Explain liability issues related to delivering e-therapy consultation, supporting your response with information from the Miller (2006), “Telehealth Issues in Consulting Psychology Practice” article.
  • Evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment interventions implemented by Dr. Banks supporting your statements with information from the case and two to three peer-reviewed articles from the Ashford University Library, in addition to those required for this week.
  • Recommend three additional treatment interventions that would be appropriate in this case. Use information from the Sneed, Fertuck, Kanellopoulos, and Culang-Reinlieb (2012), “Borderline Personality Disorder” article to help support your recommendations. Justify your selections with information from the case.

The Case Analysis – Treatment Format

  • Must be 4 to 5 double-spaced pages in length (not including title and references pages) and formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site..
  • Must include a separate title page with the following:
    • Title of paper
    • Student’s name
    • Course name and number
    • Instructor’s name
    • Date submitted
  • Must use at least two peer-reviewed sources from the Ashford University Library in addition to the article required for this week.
  • Must document all sources in APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.
  • Must include a separate references page that is formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.

Carefully review the Grading Rubric (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. for the criteria that will be used to evaluate your assignment.

 
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Social Politics of “Passing”

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Assignment 1: The Social Politics of “Passing”

(Social Politics of “Passing”)

Many people have had the experience of being informally tested for fitness for membership in a peer group. However, for members of an oppressed group who can pass as a member of the dominant group, such as members of a racial minority who look like members of the dominant group, “passing” takes on a special significance. One study (Stuckert, 1958) estimates that over 150,000 Americans with some degree of African American blood passed for white between 1861and 1950. For these individuals, it was a complex decision that had a profound impact on them as well as American history. Understanding the significance of passing and its impact on your work is important for your future as a social worker.

  1. ·    Submit a 2-page paper using APA formatting.
  2. ·    Also provide historical references and references from the resources.
  3. ·    In the paper, analyze the relationship between passing and privilege in North American society, identify at least two incidents where passing may lead to greater privilege, and explain the implications of passing on social work practice.

References (use at least 2)

Adams, M., Blumenfeld, W. J., Castaneda, C., Hackman, H. W., Peters, M. L., & Zuniga, X. (Eds.). (2013). Readings for diversity and social justice. (3rd ed.). New York, NY: Routledge Press.

Assignment 2: Recognizing and Responding to Those Who Self-Harm

For some adolescents, experiencing physical pain becomes a regular practice for managing psychological pain. Whether used as a coping mechanism, a way to express anger, or to deal with intense emotional pain, self-harming is often a call for help.

In school settings, faculty and staff are charged with protecting students, but how can they protect those students who choose to harm themselves? The importance of educators understanding the circumstances, causes, and effects of self-harming behavior so they can respond quickly and effectively cannot be overstated.

For this Assignment, consider your role as a social worker and think about how you would raise awareness for educators to respond to this increasing maladaptive coping mechanism.

  1.      Submit a 5 slide PowerPoint presentation explaining the indicators of self-harm, appropriate interventions, and follow-up steps for educators needing to respond to those who self-harm.

References (use at least 2-3)

Moorey, S. (2010). Managing the unmanageable: Cognitive behaviour therapy for deliberate self-harm. Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy, 24(2), 135–149.

Zastrow, C. H., & Kirst-Ashman, K. K. (2016). Understanding human behavior and the social environment (10th ed.). Boston, MA:  Cengage Learning.

 
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Drug Abuse

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Drug Abuse

Drug abuse refers to the harmful or excessive use of legal or illegal substances for non-medical purposes. It’s a complex issue with various social, psychological, and physiological factors at play. Individuals may abuse drugs for a multitude of reasons, including seeking pleasure, coping with stress or trauma, or succumbing to peer pressure.

The consequences of drug abuse can be devastating, impacting not only the individual but also their families, communities, and society at large. Health risks associated with drug abuse range from physical ailments such as heart disease, liver damage, and respiratory problems to mental health issues like anxiety, depression, and psychosis. Moreover, drug abuse often leads to impaired judgment and risky behaviors, increasing the likelihood of accidents, violence, and criminal involvement.

Addressing drug abuse requires a multifaceted approach encompassing prevention, education, treatment, and rehabilitation. Prevention efforts aim to raise awareness about the risks associated with drug use and promote healthy lifestyles. Education plays a crucial role in equipping individuals with the knowledge and skills to make informed decisions about substance use. Additionally, access to comprehensive treatment programs that offer medical, psychological, and social support is essential for those struggling with drug addiction to achieve recovery and lead fulfilling lives.

Efforts to combat drug abuse must also include measures to reduce the availability of illicit substances, enforce laws and regulations, and provide support for individuals and communities affected by drug-related issues. By fostering collaboration among governments, healthcare providers, community organizations, and individuals, we can work towards minimizing the harm caused by drug abuse and promoting well-being for all.

Drug Abuse

For this task, you will prepare a lecture suitable for a community college course on the pharmacological effects of a particular drug of abuse. You may choose one of the following as the format for this presentation: prepare a recorded lecture with an accompanying transcript of the lecture or submit a written lecture as a paper.

Include the following in your lecture:

Choose a commonly abused drug and gather information on the drug’s pharmacology.

Discuss how the drug is typically administered, absorbed. and distributed throughout the body.

Include the concept of biotransformation; explain where it occurs and identify the pharmacological processes involved.

Explain the difference between effective dose and lethal dose and how these concepts relate to the therapeutic index of the drug you are presenting.

Discuss how this particular drug affects the process of neurotransmission and include in your discussion the impact this drug has on specific neurotransmitters.

Be sure to include information on tolerance (neuroadaptation) with this particular drug and the different types of tolerance experienced with this drug.

In addition to information found in the course text, find at least three research articles relevant to the pharmacology of the drug you are presenting (published within the past 5 years) to support your lecture.

Length: 6pages

 
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Human Observation Paper2

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Human Observation Paper2

(Human Observation Paper2)

The Human Observation Project should consist of a minimum of five typed pages. Information should be provided for each section of the Observation Project Form. The project is divided into two section:

  • the gathering of baseline information
  • behavior change

Be sure that the project submission adheres to the following formatting requirements:

  • Use double-spacing.
  • Use size 12 font.
  • Set margins to one-inch on all sides.
  • Be sure to include your name/course title on the first page.
  • Write in complete sentences, use good English grammar, and correct spelling.
  • Avoid personal pronouns and statements such as “I believe, I placed the coin on the floor…”, “My research proved that….” – in objective, naturalistic research your opinion is not very important, but your findings are. Your research may suggest that…, support the hypothesis…, or indicate….; but it does not necessarily proveanything.
  • Charts and graphs are part of an “A” paper, but are not part of the basic page count of the project. References to outside sources may also part of an A or B level paper. Information should be provided for each section as outlined below.
  • APA documentation style must be used when citing references in context and bibliography (if any).
  • Key Terms(Human Observation Paper2)

    In order to complete the Human Observation Project, you will need to be familiar with the following terms:

    • Statement of the Problem: Explain the problem behavior. Convince the reader it needs to be observed very closely before one could decide how to change the behavior.
    • Theory: This is a prediction. What do you expect to observe. The theory is a general statement. For example, most males or females do not wash their hands after using the restroom. Most people will not pick up after themselves after eating in a public place.
    • Hypothesis: The hypothesis must be written in such a way as to test the theory. A theory is like an umbrella covering behaviors with the presumption that they are related. A good hypothesis rains on the umbrella to see if there are any holes. For example, between the hours of 11:00 and 1:00 on Monday and Wednesday at McDonald’s most patrons (or males, females, adolescents) will not place their napkins, cups, plates, and eating utensils in the trash and return their tray to the rack.
    • Procedure: This is a description of the step-by-step process used during the observation. Where did the observer sit? Was the observer visible to the subject being observed? How was data collected? The description needs to be written in sufficient detail that someone else could attempt to replicate (repeat) the procedure to determine if the same results could be obtained.
    • Results: The results are given in the form of numbers. This is the count. It is often presented in complex statistical terms. A numerical count and percentages will be sufficient for our purposes.
    • Discussion: This is a summary of the results in simpler, more practice language. The numbers are converted to statements of meaning and application.
  • Section 1: Naturalistic Observation(Human Observation Paper2)

    The first half of your research will be a naturalistic observation. You will be determining the baseline of behavior, or what the behavior looks like, or the amount of the behavior present under normal circumstances. The observer is unobtrusive, rather like the wallpaper. There is no interference with the behavior.

    You are to select a human behavior. Discuss the problem surrounding this behavior. The following is a list of topics which have been used in the past. You may select from the list or develop one of your own. Select a behavior which you encounter each day. The greatest challenge is isolating or narrowing the behavior to a single event which you can define, count, and attempt to change or observe as changed in a different environment.

    • Eye contact
    • Hand washing
    • Door opening for others
    • Money on the ground
    • Cleaning off the table after you eat in a fast food restaurant
    • Response time of clerks when the researcher dresses poorly or nicely
    • Tips – restaurant, beauty salon, etc.
    • Helpful behavior when toilet paper is attached to the researchers shoe in a public place
    • Hand waving when driving down a country road
    • Changing television stations in a public waiting room
    • Products purchased from shelves of different height
    • Color of products purchased
    • Seating behaviors in school cafeteria or restaurant
    • Stop light running
    • Use of cell phones in school areas
    • Use of cell phones while driving
    • Purchasing one item or the “full meal deal” at a fast food restaurant
    • Human responses to walking dogs of different sizes or breeds
    • Human response to “Don’t walk on the grass!” signs
    • Driver behavior while waiting on a stop light (make-up, hair combing using rear view mirror)
    • Assistance reaching items from the top shelf
    • Dropping a dollar while walking through Walmart…will someone return the dollar? (Can be an expensive project.)
    • Returning shopping carts to the proper areas
    • Smiling or waving “thank you” when a car stops to allow shoppers to cross in the parking lot
    • Behavior in the check-out line: smiling, conversation…
    • The behavior of children in the check-out line (pulling things from shelves, yelling, smiling, climbing out of cart….)
    • Behavior of children in a classroom (talking, out of seat, interrupting, turning in homework….)

    DO NOT :

    • Place a baby carrier on top of a car and drive around the mall parking lot to see if someone will attempt to stop you
    • Stop your car by the side of the road to see if someone might stop and assist
    • Attempt a tail gating experiment of any kind
    • Select any behavior which might be harmful, socially offensive, or immoral

    Complete the Observation Project Form. Write a theory and hypothesis, explain the procedure you will use to determine if the theory and hypothesis are supported, give the result or the count, and finally, discuss your results or findings.

  • Section 2: Experiment

    The second half of the project will be a type of experiment. By introducing a variable, you will attempt to increase or decrease a behavior. For example, one student in Iraq counted the number of men who failed to wash their hands after using the latrine next to the dining facility. This student’s count suggested a problem. During the behavior change section of the project, the student placed honey (the independent variable) on the handles of the doors. As a result, hand washing (the dependent variable) increased.

    Your project will require you to walk through the same steps again, but from the point of view of changing or improving the behavior. Begin with your own results. That is the statement of the problem. You have counted and found that, yes, this is an area of human behavior which should be improved. Complete the Observation Project Form. Again, APA documentation style must be used when citing references in context and references (if any). Your textbook may be your only reference.

 
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