Ethics in Psychological Testing

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Ethics in Psychological Testing

(Ethics in Psychological Testing)

Discussion Question 1 

What would you do if you were providing a psychological test to a counseling client and an issue arose in which your personal ethics were in conflict with the established state and/or federal laws and/or codes of ethics? Provide an example to support your response.

Discussions Question 2 

What serious ethical violation could occur if a counselor administered a psychological test incorrectly or without considering multicultural factors? Identify the ACA Code of Ethics statements that apply in this scenario.

Discussion Question 1 – Response

If I were administering a psychological test and encountered a situation where my personal ethics conflicted with state or federal laws or professional codes of ethics, I would prioritize the ethical guidelines of my profession and follow the legal requirements while addressing my personal beliefs through self-reflection or consultation with a supervisor. For example, if I was asked to administer a test to a client who had not given full informed consent due to a legal requirement, I would explain the testing procedure, obtain as much informed consent as possible within the legal context, and document my concerns regarding the ethical conflict. If the law required me to proceed with testing despite these concerns, I would comply with the law but seek guidance on how to handle future similar situations, ensuring that my actions align with both legal and ethical responsibilities.

Discussion Question 2 – Response

If a counselor administers a psychological test incorrectly or fails to consider multicultural factors, it could lead to serious ethical violations, such as cultural bias, misdiagnosis, or inaccurate treatment planning, which can harm the client. For instance, if a counselor uses a standardized psychological test without considering the client’s cultural background or linguistic differences, the results may be skewed, leading to improper diagnosis or inappropriate treatment recommendations. The ACA Code of Ethics (2014) addresses these concerns through several guidelines. For instance, Section E.5 (Multicultural and Diversity Considerations) emphasizes the importance of considering cultural factors when providing services. Section E.6 (Assessment and Diagnosis) highlights the need to use culturally appropriate assessments and to ensure that the tests used are valid and reliable for the population being tested. Administering tests without considering these factors may violate these ethical standards and can result in harm to the client.

 
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Group Policy Benefits and Challenges

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Group Policy Benefits and Challenges

(Group Policy Benefits and Challenges)

Discuss some of the benefits and disadvantages of using group policy in an organization.

Pick on of the policy that is available in Windows 2012 Server and explain it. Why do you think this policy is an important one to implement in an organization? What are the negative consequences for not setting this up properly?

Response.

Benefits of Using Group Policy in an Organization:

  1. Centralized Management: Group Policy allows administrators to manage settings and configurations for all computers and users in the domain from a central location. This helps streamline the management process, especially in large organizations.
  2. Security Enforcement: Group Policy can be used to enforce security policies such as password complexity, account lockout policies, and software restrictions, improving overall network security.
  3. Consistency Across the Network: By applying standardized policies to all users and computers, Group Policy ensures consistency in how devices and users operate, reducing errors and conflicts caused by individual configurations.
  4. Ease of Maintenance: Administrators can easily update policies across the network without having to manually configure each machine. This saves time and ensures that updates are applied uniformly.
  5. Automation of Configuration Settings: Group Policy can be used to automatically configure software settings, network configurations, and system settings, reducing the need for manual intervention.

Disadvantages of Using Group Policy in an Organization:

  1. Complexity in Large Environments: As organizations grow and policies become more complex, managing Group Policy can become difficult. Conflicts between policies or misconfigurations can cause disruptions.
  2. Overhead on Domain Controllers: Group Policy settings are processed by domain controllers, and in large networks, this can add overhead. This can also impact network performance if not properly optimized.
  3. Risk of Misconfiguration: Incorrectly configured Group Policy can lead to unintended consequences such as locked out users, restricted access, or improper system behavior.
  4. Limited Flexibility: Although Group Policy is powerful, it may not offer the level of flexibility needed for every situation. Some software or configurations may not integrate well with Group Policy, requiring additional workarounds.

Example of a Policy in Windows Server 2012: Account Lockout PolicyOne example of a policy available in Windows Server 2012 is the Account Lockout Policy, which can be configured via the Group Policy Management Console (GPMC). This policy controls how Windows handles multiple failed login attempts and whether it locks a user’s account after several unsuccessful login attempts.

Policy Settings:

  • Account Lockout Duration: Specifies how long the account will remain locked after the specified number of failed login attempts.
  • Account Lockout Threshold: Defines the number of failed logon attempts before the account is locked.
  • Reset Account Lockout Counter After: Specifies the time period after which the failed login attempt counter will reset to 0 if there are no further failed attempts.

Importance of Implementing the Account Lockout Policy:This policy is critical for security in an organization because it helps prevent unauthorized access to user accounts by thwarting brute-force attacks. Brute-force attacks involve an attacker attempting various password combinations to gain access to an account. The Account Lockout Policy helps mitigate this risk by locking accounts after a specified number of incorrect login attempts, thereby preventing further login attempts until an administrator or automated process resets the account.

Negative Consequences of Not Implementing the Policy Properly:

  1. Increased Risk of Brute-Force Attacks: Without an account lockout policy, attackers can continue attempting to guess passwords without consequence, greatly increasing the likelihood of a successful attack.
  2. Unauthorized Access: If an attacker gains access to a user account, they could potentially steal sensitive information or compromise the system, leading to security breaches and data loss.
  3. Password Guessing and Social Engineering Vulnerabilities: Not having an account lockout policy in place could encourage attackers to target weak or common passwords, potentially leading to greater vulnerabilities in the network.
  4. Resource Drain for IT Teams: If accounts are not locked out after failed login attempts, users might frequently forget their passwords and repeatedly try to log in, which can unnecessarily increase the IT support workload due to password reset requests.

In summary, the Account Lockout Policy is a vital tool in safeguarding user accounts and ensuring the overall security of an organization’s network. Proper configuration helps prevent unauthorized access and minimizes security risks.

 
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valuating Abnormal Psychology Research

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valuating Abnormal Psychology Research

(valuating Abnormal Psychology Research)

Abnormal psychology paper two page APA format

Purpose: The purpose of this assignment is to expose you to current research in psychopathology so that you can see how concepts in class are discussed and applied by modern researchers.

You will use the following skills to complete this assignment:

  1. Find recent empirical research.
  2. Write clear and brief short answers to a question.
  3. Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of a published empirical article.
  4. Identify how the findings apply to topics discussed in class.

You will use the following knowledge to complete this assignment:

  1. Understanding of a specific disorder or difficulty.
  2. Research methods and statistics.

Task:

These are the instructions for the discussion items for weeks 2, 3, and 4. You only need to complete this assignment TWO times (e.g., weeks 2 & 4).

  1. Access one of the following journals via the library:
  • Journal of Abnormal Psychology
  • Behavior Therapy
  • Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology
  • Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology
  1. Find an article published between 2014 and 2018 that is related to one of the topics discussed in class this week.
  2. Read the article.
  3. Write a 2-page paper that provides a brief summary of the article in your OWN words (watch out for plagiarism).

Page 1
i. Methodology
ii. Results
iii. Main Conclusion

Page 2
i. Your general opinion of the quality of the article
ii. A critique of the article’s methodology (including major flaws or drawbacks)
iii. A future study you would conduct in this area based on the findings in the article (i.e., what would be the next logical step in research based on the article’s findings).

Criteria:

You will be successful in this activity if you can:
(a) Write a succinct, thoughtful summary of the article that you read,
(b) Write clearly so that I can understand how you are thinking about this topic,
(c) Demonstrate your ability to evaluate the quality of a published empirical article,
(d) Write a response of high quality (e.g., APA-style, proper grammar, spelling, etc.).

Please note, I am evaluating your ability to creatively apply these concepts and then explain your thinking.

The paper should be approximately 2 double-spaced pages long in 11 or 12 point, Times New Roman or Calibri font, and 1-inch margins. The following file types are acceptable: .rtf, .doc, .docx, .odt.

 
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Tragic Figures in Antigone

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Tragic Figures in Antigone

(Tragic Figures in Antigone)

Discussion Board 2: Greek TragedyAfter reading the scene from Sophocles’ Antigone and the material on Aristotle’s The poetics, answer the following questions:

1. What are the three main criteria for what Aristotle says makes a “tragic figure,” or “tragic hero” in drama?

Both Creon and Antigone are both victims of great tragedy. Who is the “tragic figure” in this play: Antigone or Creon? If you do a quick google search, many sources will tell you that Creon is the tragic hero. But is there a case for Antigone?

2. What examples from the play prove that Antigone also arguably meets the criteria of a tragic Hero?

  1. Aristotle’s Criteria for a Tragic Hero:

In The Poetics, Aristotle outlines three main criteria for a tragic hero:

  • Hamartia (Flaw or Error): The tragic hero has a flaw or makes an error in judgment that leads to their downfall.
  • Peripeteia (Reversal of Fortune): The hero experiences a dramatic reversal of fortune, moving from a state of happiness or power to one of suffering or destruction due to their own actions.
  • Anagnorisis (Recognition or Discovery): The hero comes to a moment of recognition, where they understand their flaw or mistake, often too late to prevent their tragic end.

According to Aristotle, these elements create the emotional response of catharsis in the audience—pity and fear—which makes tragedy a powerful form of drama.

  1. Who is the Tragic Figure in Antigone—Creon or Antigone?

While many sources claim Creon as the tragic hero of Antigone, there is also a strong case to be made for Antigone herself fitting the criteria of a tragic hero.

Antigone as a Tragic Hero:

  • Hamartia (Flaw or Error): Antigone’s tragic flaw could be seen as her unyielding loyalty to her family and the gods. Her determination to bury her brother Polynices, despite the king’s decree, leads to her arrest and eventual death. She is unwavering in her belief that divine law supersedes human law.
  • Peripeteia (Reversal of Fortune): Antigone begins the play determined and confident, ready to fulfill what she sees as her duty to her brother and to the gods. However, this confidence leads to her arrest by Creon and a slow, painful death by entombment. The reversal occurs when her commitment to what she believes is right directly leads to her destruction.
  • Anagnorisis (Recognition): Antigone doesn’t experience a typical recognition moment like Creon, but she does show a certain acceptance of her fate. Her tragic recognition comes when she understands that her actions, though justified in her eyes, have condemned her to death, yet she accepts this willingly as part of fulfilling her moral duty.

Thus, while Creon may seem to fulfill these criteria as the ruler whose decisions lead to the destruction of his family and his downfall, Antigone’s tragic flaw, the reversal of her fortune, and her eventual acceptance of her fate make her a strong contender for the tragic hero role.

Conclusion:

Both Creon and Antigone can be seen as tragic figures in Sophocles’ Antigone, but Antigone arguably fulfills the criteria of a tragic hero as laid out by Aristotle. Her steadfast determination to honor divine law over earthly decrees leads to her downfall, making her a classic example of a tragic figure who suffers due to her commitment to a principle.

 
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Transparency Shapes Employee Perceptions

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Transparency Shapes Employee Perceptions

(Transparency Shapes Employee Perceptions)

Given that an organization is reliant on employees to achieve its mission and objectives, there would appear to be value in organizational transparency. If employees perceive that leaders and managers are being transparent, their attitude toward work and overall efficiency will be better, even if they do not agree with the leaders and managers decisions. However, if employees perceive or discover that organizational leaders and managers have not been transparent, their efforts may reflect a less caring attitude. In such cases, there may not be any difference between employee perception and fact.

Consider the aforementioned aspects, and using the University online library resources, research the importance of employee attitudes and perception.

Then, respond to the following:

  • How important are employee attitudes and emotions as well as transparency in shaping organizational behavior?
  • Elaborate on how employee perceptions shape organizational behavior. Are perceptions and reality always the same?

By the due date assigned, post your response to the appropriate Discussion Area. Through the end of the module, review and comment on at least two peers’ responses.

Write your initial response in 300-500 words. Your response should be thorough and address all components of the discussion question in detail, include citations of all sources, where needed, according to the APA Style, and demonstrate accurate spelling, grammar, and punctuation

The Role of Transparency in Shaping Employee Perceptions and Organizational Behavior

Organizational transparency is a cornerstone of trust, accountability, and employee engagement. When leaders are transparent, employees are more likely to feel valued and respected, which positively impacts their attitudes and emotions. Employee attitudes—encompassing their feelings, beliefs, and values about their work—play a critical role in shaping organizational behavior. These attitudes influence how employees interact with each other, approach tasks, and perceive the organization’s goals and culture.

Transparency serves as a catalyst for positive employee perceptions. Employees who perceive their leaders as transparent are more likely to trust organizational decisions, even if they disagree with them. For example, sharing the rationale behind a major restructuring or a budget cut can mitigate feelings of uncertainty or resentment among employees. By contrast, a lack of transparency can lead to mistrust, reduced morale, and disengagement. Research shows that transparency correlates with higher job satisfaction and lower turnover rates (Kerns, 2018). It also encourages open communication and collaboration, both of which are crucial for achieving organizational objectives.

Employee perceptions are powerful drivers of organizational behavior. If employees believe that they are part of an ethical, inclusive, and transparent organization, they are more likely to adopt behaviors that align with these values. This includes increased commitment, cooperation, and innovation. Conversely, negative perceptions, such as a belief that the organization is withholding information or being unfair, can lead to counterproductive work behavior, including apathy, absenteeism, or even sabotage.

Perception and reality, however, are not always the same. Perception is shaped by personal experiences, biases, and available information. For instance, an employee might perceive favoritism in the promotion process, even if the organization follows a merit-based policy. In such cases, it becomes essential for leaders to address the gap between perception and reality through clear communication and consistent actions. Transparency minimizes misunderstandings by aligning employee perceptions more closely with organizational reality.

In conclusion, transparency and positive employee attitudes are pivotal to fostering a healthy organizational culture. Leaders must prioritize transparent communication to ensure employees feel informed and valued, which, in turn, enhances organizational behavior. As employees are the backbone of any organization, aligning their perceptions with reality through transparent practices is not just beneficial—it is indispensable for long-term success.

References

Kerns, C. D. (2018). Building Trust in the Workplace: Strategies for Effective Leadership and Organizational Success. Journal of Organizational Culture, Communications and Conflict, 22(2), 1-14.

 
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Plea Bargaining: Purpose & Critique

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Plea Bargaining: Purpose & Critique

(Plea Bargaining: Purpose & Critique)

answer the discussion question with a minimum of 150 words. Please use apa format for works cited. Then respond to student a and b response to the question with a minimum of 50 words.

question: at purpose does plea bargaining serve for the defense? For the prosecution? Given the criticism leveled against plea bargaining, do you believe that it is an acceptable practice?

STUDENT A: Plea Bargaining is useful to both the defendant and the prosecution. Firstly, according to Frank Schmalleger’s Criminal Justice Today, An Introductory Text for the 21st Century (pg. 322) a plea bargaining is “the process of negotiating an agreement among the defendant, the prosecutor, and the court as to an appropriate sentence. . . reduces the time required for the resolution of a criminal case.” This practice allows the necessary time that it typically takes for a court case to conclude and reduces it significantly. Allowing another case to be heard and does not waste both the jury’s and the judge’s time with a case that can be easily concluded. Since, the majority of those convicted of a crime that receives a plea bargain either has, poor evidence or there is a lot of evidence stacked against them. Not to mention this allows those who are convicted to have a shorter sentence. Regardless of the criticism of plea bargaining, I still think that the practice should be still used since it saves time for everyone in the courtroom. What do you think?

STUDENT B: A plea bargaining is an arrangement between a prosecutor and defense in which the suspect pleads guilty to a lesser sentence. The plea bargain is a quicker process for the courts and allow both the prosecutor and defense from going to trial. The purpose of a plea bargain for the defense is so that they could receive a lighter sentence instead of going to trial and getting the maximum sentence. It sometimes reduces the charges, so that instead of them getting charged with rape they will get charged with assault instead. Like I stated earlier it is a quicker process so the defendant doesn’t have to keep waiting and they can go one with their lives. For Prosecutors plea bargaining saves them the time and money that they will need in order to prepare for trial. I think plea bargaining is a great system for those who are guilty and want to save time and also get a lighter sentence. A trial cost money so a plea bargain helps saves a lot of money for the prosecutor, defender, and the courts. Yes it can be bad for someone who is not guilty and might take it so that they don’t have to waste their money and take their chances going to court. If the defendant is really guilty i think this would be their best chance of getting a lighter sentence.

 
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School Safety Threat Assessments

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School Safety Threat Assessments

(School Safety Threat Assessments)

1.  Instructions

In your main post:

  • Explore the components of a successful threat assessment and risk management team model using USSS NTAC models.
  • Create a best practices model for responding to and mitigating threats to schools in your community using USSS NTAC examples.
  • Determine why the threat assessment process is a continuum.

2. Instructions

In your main post:

  • Describe sources of evidence reviewers used to complete their reports.
  • Identify the intrinsic value that a threat assessment professional has lost as a result of the destruction of the Columbine basement tapes.
  • Illustrate evidence of contagion of violence discovered by the reviewers.
  • Discuss whether the Court’s ruling that sealing the evidence on the basement tapes away from the public, public review, or public inspection was prudent

3. Instructions

In your main post:

  • Describe how your local school board implements zero tolerance.
  • Evaluate an example of one outcome of the implementation of zero tolerance in your local school system.
  • Articulate why, based on your readings, the public might want to abandon these zero tolerance laws, rules, regulations, policies, and procedures.

4. Instructions

In your main post:

  • Provide two explanations you found in your readings that explain the public’s misconception of schools being safe havens.
  • Describe why parents are likely to ignore or miss pre-warning communications.
  • Explain how your local and state boards of education address threat assessment in their secondary school plans

Response to Instructions

1. Components of a Threat Assessment Model

  • Successful Threat Assessment and Risk Management (USSS NTAC Model):
    1. Multidisciplinary Teams: Teams include school administrators, mental health professionals, law enforcement, and other key stakeholders.
    2. Behavioral Assessment Approach: Focuses on understanding the context, motive, and planning behaviors of potential threats.
    3. Preventative Measures: Emphasis on early identification and intervention before behaviors escalate.
    4. Continuous Training: Regular drills and scenario planning to keep teams prepared.
  • Best Practices for School Threat Response (Using USSS NTAC):
    1. Anonymous Reporting Mechanisms: Establish confidential tip lines or apps.
    2. Engagement with the Community: Regular workshops with students, parents, and staff to build trust and awareness.
    3. Intervention Programs: Implement tailored interventions for students exhibiting concerning behavior.
    4. Data-Driven Strategies: Use threat data analysis to update policies.
  • Why Threat Assessment is a Continuum: Threat assessment involves ongoing monitoring, evaluating changes in behavior, adapting interventions, and reassessing risks as part of a continuous cycle to prevent threats.

2. Columbine Basement Tapes and Contagion of Violence

  • Sources of Evidence:
    1. Review of police reports, forensic evidence, and digital records.
    2. Eyewitness accounts and interviews with survivors and community members.
  • Loss of Intrinsic Value from Basement Tapes: The tapes could have provided unique psychological insights into the perpetrators’ motives, behaviors, and planning processes, enhancing the understanding of pre-attack indicators.
  • Evidence of Contagion of Violence:
    1. Copycat attacks inspired by the Columbine shooters’ ideologies and tactics.
    2. Increased fascination with the perpetrators in certain subcultures.
  • Court’s Decision on Sealing the Tapes: While the decision to seal the evidence limits public access to potentially informative material, it was prudent to prevent further glorification or misuse of the content, mitigating the risk of inspiring future acts of violence.

3. Zero Tolerance Policies

  • Local School Board Implementation: Many schools implement zero tolerance through strict penalties for any perceived infraction, such as immediate suspension or expulsion for possession of prohibited items or violent behavior.
  • Outcome Example: In one case, a student was suspended for possessing a butter knife in their lunchbox. This inflexible enforcement led to criticism and raised questions about proportionality and fairness.
  • Why the Public May Want to Abandon Zero Tolerance:
    1. Research shows zero tolerance policies often disproportionately impact marginalized students and escalate conflicts instead of resolving them.
    2. These policies can lead to a school-to-prison pipeline, undermining long-term educational and social outcomes.

4. School Safety Misconceptions and Threat Assessment

  • Public Misconception of Schools as Safe Havens:
    1. Media focus on school shootings creates the perception that violence is random and unpredictable.
    2. Historical neglect in addressing systemic issues like bullying and mental health in schools contributes to misconceptions about safety.
  • Parents Missing Pre-Warning Signs:
    1. Over-reliance on schools to address all safety concerns.
    2. Cognitive biases, such as denial or misattribution of concerning behaviors, may cause parents to overlook warning signs.
  • Local and State Threat Assessment in Secondary Schools:
    1. Local Initiatives: Schools establish threat reporting protocols, emergency plans, and partnerships with local law enforcement.
    2. State Policies: Require schools to conduct regular safety audits, threat assessment team training, and integrate mental health services into safety plans.
 
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Culture’s Influence Through Media

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Culture’s Influence Through Media

(Culture’s Influence Through Media)

Discussion Board

Culture and Subculture

300-500 words;

 

Primary Task Response: Within the Discussion Board area, write 300-500 words that respond to the following questions with your thoughts, ideas, and comments. This will be the foundation for future discussions by your classmates. Be substantive and clear, and use examples to reinforce your ideas.

Unit 2 has discussed how sociologists identify cultures and subcultures, and how both have unique components—language, values, norms (behaviors), and food. For this Discussion Board, you will dive deeper into culture by completing the following:

  1. Using the textbook located on your Bookshelf, define each of the four components of culture—language, values, norms (behaviors), and food. Be sure to paraphrase and cite your sources; do not copy and paste from the textbook.
  2. Next, choose a popular television show (examples include The Simpsons, The Big Bang Theory, The Goldbergs, and Orange is the New Black) or a movie you have enjoyed.
    • For your chosen show or movie, provide specific examples for each component of culture (language, values, norms, and food) found within your show or movie. For example, in The Simpsons, language can be seen with the word “D’oh” and the phrase, “Don’t have a cow, man!”
    • Each TV show could be said to represent a subculture of mainstream society. How are each of the four components of culture (language, values, norms, and food) identified above different from or similar to what you would expect to see in mainstream American culture?
  3. Finally, choose 1 of the following theorists: Durkheim, Marx, or Cooley. What does your chosen theorist say about the role of culture in shaping human behavior?

This information is below in the Attachment Section :Using the textbook located on your Bookshelf, define each of the four components of culture—language, values, norms (behaviors), and food. Be sure to paraphrase and cite your sources; do not copy and paste from the textbook.

 
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king’s cv annotations & response

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king’s cv annotations & response

(king’s cv annotations & response)

PART ONE: READ

Read this excerpt from the chapter entitled “CV” (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. from Stephen King’s book On Writing: A Memoir of the Craft.

Click here for an audio version of this excerpt, read by Stephen King (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.

  • SHOULD I LISTEN TOO? It’s not required, but….It will help you gain a deeper understanding of the memoirs if you also listen to King read them–hearing the inflections and emphasis in his voice will deepen your interpretation. Especially if English is not your first language and you are still learning to read English effectively, listening while also looking at the words can be very helpful.

In order to analyze a text, you have to look at it very closely, which means you’ll end up reading it (or parts of it) more than once. Try experiencing the memoirs you read for this class a few different ways to help you understand them more deeply: read and listen at the same time; read only; listen only. Mix it up.

TIP: Before you read, look at the items below–these are what you’ll have to write about in your annotations. Then as you read, focus your reading so that you’re looking for and thinking about these items.

It’s always important to focus your reading, no matter what it is you’re reading– you should know why you’re reading something so that you can know what to focus on as you go.

PART TWO: ANNOTATIONS (king’s cv annotations & response)

Reply to the Discussion, and in your post, include your answers to the 6 items below; the minimum response for each item is noted in yellow highlight.

1. WHO IS THE AUTHOR?

What do you know about Stephen King? You might know, in general, that he’s one of the most widely read American authors, ever. But you should learn a little more–It’s a really good idea to always know something about the author you are reading. Knowing something about him/her will help you predict what you’ll be reading, which will help you have a better overall understanding of the text.

After researching and reading a little about Stephen King, write 1-2 sentences about him and his accomplishments as a writer.

2. FIRST RESPONSE

What was your immediate reaction to reading this memoir? Did you enjoy reading it? If so, can you identify something specific about it that made it pleasant? If you didn’t enjoy reading it, can you identify something specific about why?

Write 2-3 sentences minimum as a first response.

3. SNAPSHOTS METAPHOR

The word memoir comes from the Latin word for memory, and King begins his memoir by making some comments about the way his memory works. He compares himself to another writer, Mary Karr. He uses photography metaphors to make the comparison: her memoir is a “panorama” but his are “snapshots–most out of focus” (18).

Let’s focus in on the metaphor: what do you picture in your mind when you think of a panorama? what do you picture when you think of a snapshot that is out of focus? How will King make the visual idea of a snapshot out of focus translate into the written medium of words in a story? Look for how his structure and style reflects the idea of the snapshot.

  • Find some excerpts that show how King’s memory is out of focus and summarize them
  • Explain how the structure of the chapter (how it is organized) relates to the idea of a snapshot

Write 1-2 sentences for each of the bullets above.

4. DEFINITIONS. King tells us that this book is not an “autobiography,” it’s more like a “curriculum vitae.” He also sub-titled the book “Memoirs” of the Craft. You worked with all three of these terms last week on vocabulary.com (autobiography, curriculum vitae, and memoir). Let’s put that learning to use this week:

  • Define each one in your own words (don’t just copy/paste from a dictionary–work on making these definitions your own). In your sentences, write about the similarities and differences between these 3 closely related ideas, and explain how King is using “CV” metaphorically. Write 1-2 sentences.
  • If these snapshots are part of King’s CV for becoming a famous writer (mostly of horror stories), what specifically happened to him in his childhood that you think influenced who he became? In other words, identify 2 or 3 excerpts where he describes his childhood, and you think these excerpts illustrate something that formed him as a famous writer. Write 1-2 sentences.

5. CHOOSE ONE SNAPSHOT AND SUMMARIZE. As you are reading, make mental note that there are 8 distinct “snapshots” in this excerpt. Choose ONE snapshot that you like the most–either because you can relate to something in it or because it made you laugh, or because it made you think about something you hadn’t thought of before–or any other reason that it stands out to you when you look at all of them.

Summarize what happens in the snapshot you’ve chosen and explain why you chose it as your favorite. Besides the content (what happens), is there anything about King’s writing style that contributes to why you like this snapshot? Can you identify something about his style that is appealing? Write 2-3 sentences.

6. IDENTIFY QUOTATIONS & EXPLAIN YOUR CHOICES. Later this week we’ll be writing our own “snapshots” of childhood memories–one of the requirements will be to include a person who was important to our development (someone who helped shape who we are). In these snapshots, King tells us how his mother and their relationship shaped him into who he is.

Identify TWO excerpts (no more than 3 sentences for each excerpt) where King writes about the impact of his mother–identify what you think are the BEST EXAMPLES of how his mother impacted him (in other words, don’t just copy the first two sentences you see about his mother–choose carefully).

  • Type each excerpt out (be careful as you replicate it that you get all the words, punctuation, and spelling correct).
  • Put each one in quotation marks, and then follow each one with an MLA citation. That should look like this:

“Here is the quote I typed out from King’s memoirs” (15).

  • After each excerpt, write 1-2 sentences that explain, in your own words, what this quotation tells us about the impact King’s mother had on who he is.
 
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Web-Based Application Accessibility Analysis

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Web-Based Application Accessibility Analysis

(Web-Based Application Accessibility Analysis)

discussion using the web as a database contains unread posts

This week we learned how the web can be used as a database. We also learned how web applications can integrate with databases.

Summarize an application that your organization uses that is not currently on the web. What would be the advantages and disadvantages of accessing this application from the web? What steps can you take to determine whether the application could be available on the internet?

Also, discuss the security implications that would need to be reviewed and what type of database design would be needed to support it.

Refer to the Discussion Rubric for directions on completing these discussions.

 

Summary of Application Not Currently on the Web: One application that my organization uses, which is not currently available on the web, is an internal employee scheduling system. This system is currently hosted on a local server and is only accessible within the organization’s network. Employees and managers use it to view and create work schedules, track time-off requests, and manage shift assignments.

Advantages of Accessing This Application from the Web:

  1. Accessibility: By moving the application to the web, users could access it from any device with internet connectivity, whether they are in the office, working remotely, or traveling. This would make scheduling more flexible and efficient.
  2. Real-Time Updates: Web-based access would allow for real-time updates, so changes in the schedule would immediately reflect for all users. This would help minimize scheduling conflicts and ensure everyone is on the same page.
  3. Ease of Integration: A web-based system can easily integrate with other tools (e.g., payroll, HR systems) through APIs or web services, streamlining workflows.

Disadvantages of Accessing This Application from the Web:

  1. Security Risks: Exposing the application on the internet increases the risk of unauthorized access, hacking attempts, and data breaches, especially if sensitive employee information is stored in the system.
  2. Dependence on Internet Access: If the web-based system goes down or if there are connectivity issues, users might be unable to access the application, causing delays in scheduling.
  3. Complex Migration: Migrating the application from a local server to a web-based system can be technically challenging, requiring changes in architecture, software development, and testing.

Steps to Determine if the Application Could Be Available on the Internet:

  1. Assess the Current Architecture: Evaluate the current system’s technology stack to determine if it can be easily adapted to work in a web environment. This includes examining the programming languages, database, and server architecture used.
  2. Consult with IT and Development Teams: Discuss with the organization’s IT and development teams to understand the technical feasibility of creating a web-based version of the application, including possible costs, required time, and resources.
  3. Evaluate User Requirements: Understand if there are specific features or functionality needed for the web version. This would include considerations for mobile accessibility and cross-platform compatibility.
  4. Research Hosting Options: Determine the hosting environment (cloud or on-premises) that would best support the application once it is available online.

Security Implications:

  1. Authentication and Authorization: Ensuring strong user authentication (e.g., multi-factor authentication) is critical to prevent unauthorized access. Role-based access controls should be implemented to ensure only authorized personnel can make changes to sensitive data, such as employee schedules and personal information.
  2. Encryption: Data should be encrypted both in transit (using SSL/TLS) and at rest to protect sensitive information, such as employee names, schedules, and personal contact details.
  3. Backup and Disaster Recovery: Regular backups and a clear disaster recovery plan should be implemented to prevent data loss in case of a system failure or cyberattack.
  4. Audit Logs: The system should maintain detailed audit logs that track user activity, such as login attempts and changes to schedules, to help identify and respond to security incidents quickly.

Database Design: To support a web-based scheduling application, the database design needs to be scalable, secure, and efficient. Key considerations would include:

  1. Relational Database: A relational database (e.g., MySQL, PostgreSQL) could be used to store data on employees, schedules, and shift assignments. Proper normalization should be implemented to reduce redundancy and ensure data consistency.
  2. User Management Tables: Separate tables for user authentication (e.g., user login credentials) and authorization (e.g., roles and permissions) would be required to manage who can access and modify the system.
  3. Indexing and Performance Optimization: Indexes should be created on frequently queried fields, such as employee IDs or schedule dates, to improve performance. The database should also be designed to handle a large number of concurrent users efficiently.
 
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