Biology Discussion Due 11/11/2018 @2pm

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“CRISPR, Human Gene Editing, and Esvelt’s Regret”

For your primary post, please respond to one of the following three topics with a post of at least 125 words that addresses each point given in the instructions. Also, please reply to at least one fellow student on any topic.

Topic 1

: Jennifer Doudna on CRISPR. View the NBC News story about CRISPR (1)*, including an interview with its co-discoverer, Jennifer Doudna. Then, address the following issues:

  • (a) What applications of CRISPR look particularly promising for improving human well-being?
  • (b)  What sort of ethical issues have arisen or are likely to arise with the deployment of CRISPR?

Topic 2 [Reading]: Societal Aspects of Human Gene Editing. Read the article by Neuhaus (2)* and/or the article by Ossola (3)*, then address the following:

  • (a) Where do you think our procedures, regulations, and laws ought to come down regarding human genome editing, with CRISPR (or any other tool)? Take a clear position on this.
  • (b) Explain your rationale.

Topic 3 [Reading]: Esvelt’s Regret. In the article by Zimmer (4)*, Kevin Esvelt says that he made a huge mistake by championing the application of a technology that he now says is far too dangerous to actually deploy. Based on the article, address the following:

  • (a) What is the technology that he championed? What does it consist of and why does he think it’s too risky to use outside the lab?
  • (b) In your opinion, what sorts of laws and regulations, if any, should society put into place to regulate the technology that Esvelt regrets championing?

*References (in Strayer Writing Standards format).

  1. NBC News, June 11, 2017. Life changer,https://www.nbcnews.com/dateline/video/life-changer-965215299885
  2. Carolyn P. Neuhaus, March 16, 2017. Genome editing: bioethics shows the way.http://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.2001934
  3. Alexandra Ossola, August 6, 2015. Should bioethicists “get out of the way” of CRISPR research?,https://www.popsci.com/should-bioethicists-get-out-way-crispr-research
  4. Carl Zimmer, November 16, 2017.  ‘Gene drives’ are too risky for field trials, scientists say,https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/16/science/gene-drives-crispr.html?_r=0
 
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Biology Lab

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  • Introduction

This lab focuses on the ability to classify plants based on specific characteristics.

Learning Objectives

Lab 1109

SLO – 5: Describe phylogenetic relationships and classification schemes.

SLO – 6: Identify the major phla of life with an emphasis on plants and animals, including the basis for classification, structural and physiological adaptations, evolutionary histry, and ecological significance.

Materials

  1. Fee for site visit
  2. Lab worksheet

Instructions

  1. Schedule a visit to a local arboretum, zoo or botanical garden to collect the information for the worksheet. The fees associated with visitation will be assumed by the student
  2. While visitng a local arboretum, zoo or botanical garden, complete the worksheet based on the plant species available.

Listed below are some interesting places in and around Houston to study plants.

Houston Arboretum: http://houstonarboretum.org/

Armand bayou Nature center: http://www.abnc.org/

Maas Nursery Kemah: https://maasnursery.com/

Houston Zoo: http://www.houstonzoo.org/

If you are not able to visit a nature center, arboretum or nursery to photograph and look at plants, you may use the following websites as alternatives.

https://plants.usda.gov/java/  or

http://www.wildflower.org/plants/

Choose one plant from each of the categories on the worksheet and answer the questions about that plant.  The categories are the headings – moss, fern, gymnosperm, angiosperm dicot, and angiosperm monocot.

Please use a contrasting color when you type your answers on the worksheet.

 
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Water Quality Essay

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Write a 750-1,000-word essay about water quality in your community   that addresses the following points:

  1. Obtain a water quality report from your local municipality     within the last two years and discuss what you found in the   report?
  2. Identify a water quality issue happening in your     community and where the pollution comes from? This includes point     sources (for example, water discharge from a factory; contamination     from a Superfund site), Non-point sources (for example, agricultural     runoff), and Natural sources.
  3. Describe how the pollution     source is impacting the environment and human health in your     community, and provide two examples of each.
  4. Identify three     management practices to minimize water pollution.

Remember to support your data and information with appropriate   citations. A minimum of five peer-reviewed references must be included.

 
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Pedigree Charts

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Hemophilia, disease in which the blood lacks a clotting factor, is caused by an X linked recessive gene. Joe doe not have hemophilia and Lucille is heterozygous for the condition.  What is the chance that their MALE child will have hemophilia? (Note: you are calculating the probability for their MALE children only, in other words if they have 1 male child, what is the probability that he will be born with the disease?)

-0%

-1/4 or 25%

-2/4 or 50%

-3/4 or 75%

-4/4 or 100%

 

In humans, having facial dimples is dominant to not having facial dimples. Mary has dimples, yet only 3 of her 10 children have dimples.  What must Mary’s genotype be?

-homozygous dominant

-heterozygous

-homozygous recessive

-has dimples

-does not have dimples

 

Red-green color blindness is an X-linked recessive disorder.  If Allison is heterozygous (a carrier), and her husband, Michael, is NOT colorblind. What is the chance that their male children will be colorblind? (Note: you are calculating the probability for their MALE children only, in other words if they have 1 male child, what is the probability that he will be born with the disease?)

-0%

-25% or 1/4

-50% or 2/4

-75% or 4/4

-100% or 4/4

 

Red-green color blindness is an X-linked recessive disorder. If Allison is heterozygous (a carrier), and her husband, Michael, is NOT colorblind. What is the chance that their female children will be colorblind? (Note: you are calculating the probability for their FEMALE children only, in other words if they have 1 female child, what is the probability that she will be born colorblind?)

-0%

-25% or 1/4

-50% or 2/4

-75% or 3/4

-100% or 4/4

 
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Written Assignment: Biology And Technology In The Real World

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Written Assignment: Biology and Technology in the Real World

1. Select one of the topics listed below (a-e).

2. Find at least three scholarly information sources related to the topic (i.e., primary scientific research articles, .gov, .edu, and/or some .org [stick with big organizations, such as the Mayo Clinic or WHO]; avoid .com websites). You can find assistance with searching for articles at the UMUC Library Subject Guides at http://libguides.umuc.edu/science.

3. Write a paper with title page, introduction, several paragraphs addressing the questions, conclusion and references. You must write in your own words and paraphrase information (and include proper APA in-text citations) from the selected information sources, addressing each of the questions for your chosen topic. Your paper should consist of less than 10% direct quotes. Your paper should be at least 1000 words, excluding references and title page. Use APA style for references: https://www.umuc.edu/library/libhow/apa_tutorial.cfm

4. Submit your assignment to TurnItIn and the Assignment folder by the due date listed in the course schedule.

a) Stem cells. Your friend has suffered a spinal cord injury after a bad car accident. The medical team has decided that he is a good candidate for a clinical trial using stem cell therapy. Your friend has not had a biology course since high school, so you decide to write him/her a letter sharing your knowledge of stem cells. Include in your letter a description of the biology of stem cells and how these cells are unique from other cells. Compare and contrast the different types of stem cells, including pros and cons for each type. Explain how stems cells can be used to treat diseases and injury, with special focus on spinal cord injuries. Include information regarding the use of stem cells for spinal cord injury from at least one research study or clinical trial. Conclude with your own thoughts/opinion.

b) Genetically modified organisms (GMOs). A friend tells you that she avoids foods containing GMOs because they are unhealthy. You decide to use the knowledge gained from your biology class and some additional research to form your own opinion on GMOs. Answer the following questions backed up by scholarly information sources (note: .com websites are generally NOT scholarly, and avoid biased organizations such as nongmoproject.org). What is the purpose of genetically engineering crop plants and domestic animals? How are GMOs created? Use the provided course materials and make a connection to the central dogma of molecular biology in your explanation. Which foods in your supermarket contain GMOs? Include at least 2 specific examples of commonly produced GMO foods (make sure to discuss the modification(s) each contains). Based on the available (scientific) research, are foods that contain GMOs safe for human consumption? What are the pros and cons of GMO foods? Who are the governing bodies and what types of regulations exist for these foods? Clearly explain your reasoning (backed up with scientific evidence) for each answer and keep it impartial. In your conclusion, state whether or not you agree with your friend.

c) Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) has been the most recent breakthrough discovery in bioengineering that enables scientists to edit DNA. Because you have studied biology in this course, you have volunteered at your niece’s Middle School Science Club to monitor a student debate about CRISPR. The students will be watching the following video before the discussion: https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=252&v=2pp17E4E-O8 and you need to be prepared in case there are any questions. Please research and write an answer to each of the following questions: What is “CRISPR”? What role does Cas9 play in the CRISPR process? How does the CRISPR-Cas9 system snip and replace any DNA sequence? What are the potential benefits and drawbacks of gene editing? Include specific examples. Do you believe that the inherent risks of modifying animal DNA are worth the rewards? Explain. Do you believe that it is ethical to genetically engineer humans and/or animals? Explain.

d) Vaccines. Your friend is worried about the many vaccines that his newborn son is scheduled to receive and asks you for advice since you are taking a biology course. Start with an explanation of how vaccines work. Next, discuss the traditional methods used to create vaccines compared to the more recently used biotechnology techniques (this is not a discussion of the types of vaccines, rather how were vaccines produced when they first came out and how are they produced now) and what are advantages and disadvantages of each. Then list some of the diseases that babies and children in the US are routinely vaccinated against and discuss how vaccinations have impacted the frequency of these diseases over the past 100 years. Why are some people worried about giving their children vaccines? Is there scientific evidence to support these concerns (please discuss at least one scientific study that supports or refutes the current claims)? Conclude with advice to your friend in regard to getting the recommended vaccines based on what you learned from reliable information sources.

e) Fracking (hydraulic fracturing) and tar sands (oil sands). With society’s dependence on nonrenewable fossil fuels, the oil & gas industry is turning to hydraulic fracturing and tar (oil) sands to extract natural gas and oil.  A friend asks you “What’s all this controversy in the news about fracking and tar sands?” Briefly explain to your friend how hydraulic fracturing and tar (oil) sands are used to obtain these fossil fuels. Then, in more detail, describe the environmental problems that may result from these processes and why they are controversial. Issues that should be addressed include water, air and soil pollution with special focus on global climate change, effects on human health, and effects on other species and natural ecosystems. Finally, give your opinions on possible solutions to these environmental problems, with your reasoning backed by information from reliable information sources.

Submission

Please note that you must submit the assignment to BOTH TurnItIn AND the assignment folder.

First submit to TurnItIn. After submitting to TurnItIn, it is recommended that you review the Originality Report. Your similarity score should be less than 25%. If the similarity score is too high, you can submit one revised assignment.

After submitting to TurnItIn and verifying a similarity score less than 25%, submit the paper to the assignment folder here in LEO.

 
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Make A Pamphlet/Biology Environmental Science

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Select a scenario from the list below:

  1. There is a species of fish (with low numbers) that is having trouble traveling up and down the river because of a dam.
  2. Choose an area that is economically depressed but has a lot of species diversity, you need to protect the species while providing jobs for locals.
  3. An animal is being poached for its horn which is believed in some cultures to cure many diseases, it is not critically endangered.
  4. The demand for farming is increasing, which is destroying native forests and affecting their biodiversity.
  5. An animal is starting to become isolated because it is afraid to cross roads created by deforestation.
  6. Local birds typically migrate over the winter, but people are feeding them and thermal pollution at a local stream is keeping the water warmer, so the birds are not migrating, resulting in water pollution.
  7. A drought has been going on for a period of time; the water needed for homes, businesses, and farms has decreased lake and river levels impacting the amount available for local flora and fauna.
  8. Species are being found dead on local beaches due to plastic.

Create a pamphlet addressing the following:

  1. What is the issue and why it would work
  2. Describe the restoration method you selected and why it would be best (with at least two examples of how it has worked in similar situations from peer reviewed sources)
  3. Time frame to complete the plan (include short and long term objectives)
  4. What is the end goal of the restoration project

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

 
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Narrative Essay

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4 pages in length minimumNarrative Essay

Texts:

Caitlin Yoshiko Kandil: “After 50 Years of ‘Asian American’…”

Paulo Freire: Pedagogy of the Oppressed, “Banking Concept of Education.”

Beverly Tatum: Why are all the black kids sitting together in the cafeteria? “The Complexities

of Identity.”

Russell Jeung: Mountain Movers, “Introduction.”

Jennifer Ho: Keywords, “Identity.”

Context:

Tatum explains that all people possess multiple identities which are shaped by and embedded in our “social, cultural, and historic contexts.” She also notes that our consciousness of these identities and their meanings develop through self-reflection over time. Through Freire, we learned that critical consciousness entails not only the “emergence of consciousness” but also a “critical intervention in reality.”

On a parallel track, we learned from Kandil and Jeung that the term “Asian American” can be traced back to a specific political, cultural, and social intersection in U.S. history. The Asian American identity, then, was created by people who found it necessary to assert an autonomous identity against oppressive forces.

Essay question:

Reflect on your journey in coming into identity-consciousness, specifically your racial and ethnic identities. In a narrative essay answer the following perennial question: Who am I? 

You must apply at least five of the concepts from at least two readings, three of which should be quoted passages.

There are countless ways you can answer this question, so you must “frame” or guide your response based on one or two of the following questions:

Framing questions:

1. Who are you now? Who were you before? And who will you become? In other words, how has your identity consciousness developed over time?

Requirements:

· 4 pages in length minimum (no upper limit)

· MLA format

· 12 pt font, Times New Roman, 1 inch margins all around, 100% double spaced

· Relevant and creative title (not “Essay #1” or “My narrative”

Essay question 2:

In an argument-based (i.e., thesis-driven) essay answer the following question: In your opinion, what was the most significant cause and most significant consequence of the creation of an Asian American identity? You must build your argument on the unit readings and provide at least two passages from at least two different readings (total of four passages, at least).

 
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Correct Methods And Results And Do Annotated Bibliography. Lab Report For Bio 1 “Enzymes”

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Sections 0 1 2 Points:

Title Page No cover page Incomplete cover page Cover page with proper format, complete information, and informative title

0 3 7

Abstract No abstract

Doesn’t reflect on the entirety of the report including all major sections; too short, or too long

Good- appropriate summary provided with appropriate length

5 10 15 20

Introduction Poor- Missing information, or too vague; too short; no research

Adequate- Satisfactory introduction with major topics; information unclear; poorly researched

Good- Proficient introduction that states major topic and hypotheses; information clear; decently researched

Excellent- Well developed introduction and clearly introduces the topic; good length; good unlabeled hypotheses; well researched

0 3 6

Methods No Procedures Incorrect procedures; missing steps; improper format

Correct procedures with proper format

3 5 7 10

Results Results given either only in tables/figures or only in text

Satisfactory description of results; included insufficient supporting tables/figures

Results stated vaguely with some observations; included tables/figures

Results stated with clear description of observations; tables/figures included with captions and references in text

5 10 15 25

Discussion

Poor- Limited information of topic; lack of discussion of results; complete lack of understanding of experiment

Adequate- Some aspects of paper researched; limited discussion of results; too short; does not address hypotheses, nor sources of errors; some understanding; addresses few questions

Good- Well researched, but limited detail; addresses either sources of error, OR hypotheses; decent length; good understanding of the experiment

Excellent- Well developed discussion of results; exceptionally researched; hypotheses and sources of error evaluated; real-world application included; good conclusion; all possible questions were addressed

1 3 5 8

Organization Lacks clear and logical development; does not follow any format; no/poor transitions

Somewhat clear and logical; follows some format; weak transitions; improper section formatting

Clear and logical; follows good format; good transitions; problems with section formatting

Exceptionally clear and logical; follows excellent format; excellent transitions

1 5 10

Language/ Grammar Inconsistent/inapropriate grammar, spelling, and paragraphing throughout

Some errors in grammar, spelling, and paragraphing

Paper is clear and concise; proper grammar, spelling, and paragraphing

1 3 6

In-text Citations Inconsistent use of in-text citations with improper format

Somewhat inconsistent use of in-text citations with proper format

Cosistent use of in-text citations with proper format

1 3 6

Bibliography Lack of proper format, sources missing or incomplete

Some errors in format; most sources shown

Use of proper format; all sources shown

Comments:

0

Deductions: /100 Total

Score

PID: BSC 1010L- General Biology I Lab Lab Report Rubric

Name:

 

  • Sheet1
 
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Discussion-Week4

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For this week’s discussion you need to post your thoughts on the following questions.

Per our textbook, there are four key features of capitalism which include the existence of companies, the goal of making a profit, a competitive market, and private property ownership.

How do these four features of capitalism relate to you as an individual residing in the “land of free enterprise.?”

Do you feel that capitalism is fair across the board for small business owners as well as large corporate giants? Explain your thoughts.

 
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BIO 1100 Test 4

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1.  

Pigeon breeders prize certain looks of their pigeons. They know that pairing certain pigeons results in offspring that exemplify the looks of their parents. Which of Darwin’s four observations applies to this this example?

    Observation 1
    Observation 2
    Observation 3
    Observation 4

1. Which of the following is an essential difference between apes and hominins?

    The amount of hair
    Apes are kept in zoos
    Relative strength
    The way they walk

 

 

Question 8

Pine trees that are too tall or too short do not do as well as pine trees that are average in height. The short trees do not get as much light as tall or average trees. The tall trees are more likely to break off in storms. Tell how this is an example of stabilizing selection. Be sure to define stabilizing selection in your answer.

 

 

 

QUESTION 9

1. There is a moth in England called the peppered moth. Before Britain’s industrial revolution, these moths were usually salt and pepper colored. Because of their coloring, they blended in well with the tree trunks on which they tended to rest. The coloring helped them hide from the birds that ate them. During the British industrial revolution, industry expelled a lot of soot from the burning of coal into the environment. This soot darkened the tree trunks, and it was noted that black-colored moths were becoming predominant. The idea is that with soot in the environment, black-colored moths fared better than light-colored moths. There is some debate as to whether this is actually the case or not, but for the sake of this question, let’s assume it is. In your own words, explain the concepts from the four observations discussed in 12.2 using the moth as an example. In other words, how does the moth illustrate the first observation, the second observation, etc.? Your response must be at least 200 words in length.

 

 

QUESTION 10

1. Explain how homology is different from convergent evolution and give examples. Briefly define homology and convergent evolution in your explanation. Your response must be at least 200 words in length.

 
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