Bio 4

/in /by

Explain how homology is different from convergent evolution and give examples. Briefly define homology and convergent evolution in your explanation.
Your response must be at least 200 words in length.

Pine trees that are too tall or too short do not do as well as pine trees that are average in height. The short trees do not get as much light as tall or average trees. The tall trees are more likely to break off in storms. Tell how this is an example of stabilizing selection. Be sure to define stabilizing selection in your answer.
Your response must be at least 75 words in length.

There is a moth in England called the peppered moth. Before Britain’s industrial revolution, these moths were usually salt and pepper colored. Because of their coloring, they blended in well with the tree trunks on which they tended to rest. The coloring helped them hide from the birds that ate them. During the British industrial revolution, industry expelled a lot of soot from the burning of coal into the environment. This soot darkened the tree trunks, and it was noted that black-colored moths were becoming predominant. The idea is that with soot in the environment, black-colored moths fared better than light-colored moths. There is some debate as to whether this is actually the case or not, but for the sake of this question, let’s assume it is.

In your own words, explain the concepts from the four observations discussed in 12.2 using the moth as an example. In other words, how does the moth illustrate the first observation, the second observation, etc.?
Your response must be at least 200 words in lengt

 
Do you need a similar assignment done for you from scratch? Order now!
Use Discount Code "Newclient" for a 15% Discount!

Refining The Research Question

/in /by

HSCI 460: Research in Health and Human Sciences

Assignment Three: Refining the Research Question (20 points)

Your third assignment is to begin focusing and refining your research question. You need to add and then identify the following for your question:

1. Refined research question – it should include indication of the type of subject (for example, female, aged 18 – 25 years, or measurements to be taken, etc.)

2. The independent and dependent variables for your research question (see the example in Assignment 2 for the definition of independent and dependent variables)

3. Briefly describe at least two subject or study characteristics you would control (for example, setting, timing, procedures, age range of subjects, health status of subjects, the timing of the treatments, etc. see also the example in Assignment 2 for controlled variables)

Points for Assignment Three Points Available
Refined research question

Statement of independent and dependent variables

Description of controlled variables

 8

6

6

 
Total points

 

 20

Resource that might be helpful as a new perspective. http://libguides.mit.edu/content.php?pid=36716&sid=270173

All researchers struggle with this step.

 
Do you need a similar assignment done for you from scratch? Order now!
Use Discount Code "Newclient" for a 15% Discount!

HSCI 430 Assignment

/in /by

This week you read about organization dynamics that influence health disparities in diverse populations. Review the questions below and reflect on what you learned. Answer the questions by reflecting on what you learned and synthesizing that information to create solutions. 

1. Imagine you are the CEO of a health care clinic in a rural area. Over the past five years, there have been increasing complaints about the lack of diversity in age among the clinic staff. In particular, complaints have skyrocketed regarding the young staff and lack of cultural sensitivity to the aging population. The board of trustees is concerned and called a meeting with you to discuss this. During the meeting, they blamed you for not ensuring better age diversity in staff. Now you must respond and remedy the situation. You were told to create policies and practices to increase diversity.

a. Identify two policies (i.e. rules) and practices (i.e. procedures) the clinic will begin implementing that will help in the recruitment and retention of older staff.

b. Describe how and why these policies and practices would be beneficial to the clinic.

c. Then, describe how the same policies might benefit employees from other groups, for example, individuals of a different age, gender, race, ethnicity, religion, and so on. In other words, how might these policies and practices benefit those who are different from the older staff?

2. Refer to Figure 3.1 in your text. How do you think the social factors that contribute to disparities in workforce for minorities can be overcome? Hypothesize one micro, one mezzo (meso), and one macro level practice that can be done to change the workforce and career outcomes shown in the figure. You should come up with a total of three ideas.

If you need clarity about the difference between micro and macro, here is an article that provides an excellent breakdown using the field of social work: https://dworakpeck.usc.edu/news/do-you-know-the-difference-between-micro-mezzo-and-macro-level-social-work

Micro idea:

Mezzo idea:
Macro idea:

3. Review the healthcare organization checklist from chapter three in your text. If you work in a health care organization, use the assessment checklist in this chapter to evaluate the organization’s responsiveness to diversity. If you do not work in a health care organization, use the checklist to evaluate a health clinic that you are a patient at. Another option is to evaluate your place of employment or your academic institution. Though all items on the list may not fully apply, it is still ok to use these organizations to complete the assignment. Later in the course you will complete an organizational assessment (ORGANX) so it is important for you to become familiar with evaluating organizations now.

a. What are the organization’s areas of strength?

b. Which areas need the most improvement?

 
Do you need a similar assignment done for you from scratch? Order now!
Use Discount Code "Newclient" for a 15% Discount!

Human Growth And Development

/in /by

In a 3-page paper, written in APA format using proper spelling/grammar, conduct research on the topic of the Institutional Review Board (IRB) and address the following:

  1. Explain the primary responsibilities and priorities of the IRB.
  2. Identify an organization, such as a research hospital or pharmaceutical company, that involves human research subjects including all of the following at-risk populations:
    • children
    • women
    • minorities
    • cognitively impaired subjects
  3. Describe the organization’s specific guidelines/policies regarding conducting research on each of the at-risk, human populations listed above.

Be sure to include APA citations for any resources you used as references.

 
Do you need a similar assignment done for you from scratch? Order now!
Use Discount Code "Newclient" for a 15% Discount!

Class 2 Assessment 2,3, And 4

/in /by

Instructions for Assessment 2

For this assessment, you will create a 2-4 page report on an interview you have conducted with a health care professional. You will identify an issue from the interview that could be improved with an interdisciplinary approach, and review best practices and evidence to address the issue.

As a baccalaureate-prepared nurse, your participation and leadership in interdisciplinary teams will be vital to the health outcomes for your patients and organization. One way to approach designing an improvement project is to use the Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycle. The Institute for Healthcare Improvement describes it thus:

The Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycle is shorthand for testing a change in the real work setting—by planning it, trying it, observing the results, and acting on what is learned. This is the scientific method adapted for action-oriented learning…Essentially, the PDSA cycle helps you test out change ideas on a smaller scale before evaluating the results and making adjustments before potentially launching into a somewhat larger scale project (n.d.).

You might also recognize that the PDSA cycle resembles the nursing process. The benefit of gaining experience with this model of project design is that it provides nurses with an opportunity to ideate and lead improvements. For this assessment, you will not be implementing all of the PDSA cycle. Instead, you are being asked to interview a health care professional of your choice to determine what kind of interdisciplinary problem he or she is experiencing or has experienced in the workplace. This interview, in Assessment 2, will inform the research that you will conduct to propose a plan for interdisciplinary collaboration in Assessment 3.

Demonstration of Proficiency

· Competency 2: Explain how interdisciplinary collaboration can be used to achieve desired patient and systems outcomes.

. Summarize an interview focused on past or current issues at a health care organization.

. Describe collaboration approaches from the literature that could be relevant in establishing or improving an interdisciplinary team to address an organizational issue.

· Competency 3: Describe ways to incorporate evidence-based practice within an interdisciplinary team.

. Identify an issue from an interview for which an evidence-based interdisciplinary approach would be appropriate.

· Competency 4: Explain how change management theories and leadership strategies can enable interdisciplinary teams to achieve specific organizational goals.

. Describe change theories and a leadership strategy that could help develop an interdisciplinary solution to an organizational issue.

· Competency 5: Apply professional, scholarly, evidence-based communication strategies to impact patient, interdisciplinary team, and systems outcomes.

. Communicate with writing that is clear, logically organized, and professional, with correct grammar and spelling, using current APA style.

 

 

Scenario

This assessment is the first of three related assessments in which you will gather interview information (Assessment 2); design a proposal for interdisciplinary problem-solving, (Assessment 3); and report on how an interdisciplinary improvement plan could be implemented in a place of practice (Assessment 4). At the end of the course, your interviewee will have a proposal plan based on the PDSA cycle that he or she could present to stakeholders to address an interdisciplinary problem in the workplace.

For this assessment, you will need to interview a health care professional such as a fellow learner, nursing colleague, administrator, business partner, or another appropriate person who could provide you with sufficient information regarding an organizational problem that he or she is experiencing or has experienced, or an area where they are seeking improvements. Consult the  Interview Guide [DOCX]  for an outline of how to prepare and the types of information you will need to complete this project successfully.

Remember: this is just the first in a series of three assessments.

More Instructions

For this assessment, you will report on the information that you collected in your interview, analyzing the interview data and identifying a past or current issue that would benefit from an interdisciplinary approach. This could be an issue that has not been addressed by an interdisciplinary approach or one that could benefit from improvements related to the interdisciplinary approach currently being used. You will discuss the interview strategy that you used to collect information. Your interview strategy should be supported by citations from the literature. Additionally, you will start laying the foundation for your Interdisciplinary Plan Proposal (Assessment 3) by researching potential change theories, leadership strategies, and collaboration approaches that could be relevant to issue you have identified. Please be certain to review the scoring guide to confirm specific required elements of this assessment. Note that there are differences between basic, proficient and distinguished scores.

When submitting your plan, use the  Interview and Issue Identification Template [DOCX],  which will help you to stay organized and concise. As you complete the template, make sure you use APA format for in-text citations for the evidence and best practices that are informing your plan, as well as for the reference list at the end.

Additionally, be sure to address the following, which corresponds to the grading criteria in the scoring guide. Please study the scoring guide carefully so you understand what is needed for a distinguished score.

· Summarize an interview focused on past or current issues at a health care organization.

· Identify an issue from an interview for which an evidence-based interdisciplinary approach would be appropriate.

· Describe potential change theories and a leadership strategies that could inform an interdisciplinary solution to an organizational issue.

· Describe collaboration approaches from the literature that could facilitate establishing or improving an interdisciplinary team to address an organizational issue.

· Communicate with writing that is clear, logically organized, and professional, with correct grammar and spelling, and using current APA style.

Additional Requirements

· Length of submission: Use the provided template. Most submissions will be 2 to 4 pages in length. Be sure to include a reference page at the end of the plan.

· Number of references: Cite a minimum of 3 sources of scholarly or professional evidence that support your central ideas. Resources should be no more than 5 years old.

· APA formatting: Make sure that in-text citations and reference list follow current APA style.

 
Do you need a similar assignment done for you from scratch? Order now!
Use Discount Code "Newclient" for a 15% Discount!

Lab Report

/in /by

Biology 1406

Photosynthesis Lab

 

Objectives:

· Observe oxygen produced by photosynthesis

· Determine pigments in plants that allow for photosynthesis

 

 

Terms:

· Chromatography

· Photosynthesis

· Autotroph

 

Materials Needed:

 

 

Exercise 1

· 4 large beakers or clear bowls/cups

· 4 small beakers or clear bowls/cups

· Light source (lamp or window)

· Fresh spinach (or other soft) leaves

· Baking soda

· Paper towel

 

 

 

Exercise 2

 

· 1 Tall beaker or glass

· Pencil or pen

· Coin (quarter, nickel, dime or penny)

· Paper towel

· Coffee filter

· Fresh spinach (or other soft, dark green) leaf

· Rubbing alcohol

· Tape (or something else to secure filter)

· Plastic wrap (not necessary but helpful)

 

 

 

Introduction

 

Photosynthesis is the process by which autotrophic organisms make their own food in the form of glucose using light energy from the sun and carbon dioxide. Autotrophic organisms include; plants, some bacteria and some protists (eukaryotic organisms such as algae). Photosynthesis takes 6 carbon dioxides, 6 water molecules and energy from sunlight to form a single glucose and 6 oxygen molecules (see figure 1).

Autotrophic organisms will then utilize the glucose produced for cellular respiration to get ATP from it. The only difference in cellular respiration in autotrophs versus heterotrophs (organisms who consume other plants and animals for energy) is where the glucose for cellular respiration comes from. Autotrophs get their glucose from photosynthesis while heterotrophs must eat another organism to obtain a glucose for cellular respiration.

 

Figure 1: Photosynthesis equation. Showing the reactions uses 6 carbon dioxides, 6 water molecules and energy from the sun to form glucose and 6 oxygen molecules.

(Image source: Professor Mello)

Exercise 1: Photosynthesis

 

First we will look at photosynthesis in plants. In this experiment you will compare the amount of photosyn- thesis produced by spinach leaves under varying conditions such as water with baking soda added. Baking soda when placed in water will release carbon dioxide molecules into the water.

Procedure 1—

1. Obtain 4 large beakers or clear bowls/cups. And 4 small beakers or clear cups/bowls. The key here is that you want the smaller beakers/bowls to fit inside the larger ones and you need enough room that you can turn the small beaker upside down while its inside the larger beaker. Meaning you want to be able to put the small beaker inside the larger facing up. Then turn the small beaker upside down without pulling it out of the larger beaker to do so.

2. In one of the large beakers fill it about 3/4 of the way full with regular water. You want the water lever in the large beaker to be taller than the smaller beaker.

3. Fill the remaining 3 beakers with the same amount of water that you filled the first.

4. Label one beaker control light, and one control dark, set them both aside. These two beakers will just have regular water in them.

5. To the next beaker add a tablespoon of baking soda and stir to dissolve.

6. Continue to add baking soda to the beaker one table spoon at a time, stirring in-between tablespoons, until the water becomes slightly cloudy.

7. Add the same number of tablespoons of baking soda to the remaining beaker.

8. Label one beaker light, and one dark.

9. Take one of the control beakers, place it on a paper towel, towel, or in a sink, to prevent a mess occurring for the next couple of steps as water may splash out.

10. Place a small beaker in one of the control beakers face up

11. Place 3 spinach leaves inside the submerged small beaker.

12. Carefully turn the smaller beaker upside down while keeping it submerged in water. You want to prevent any air from getting inside the small beaker

13. If your spinach leaves float out carefully stuff them back up underneath the small beaker without getting any air bubbles in the smaller beaker. If air bubbles occur turn the small beaker right side up, remove the air bubbles and try again. See figure 2 for an example of what the completed setup should look like.

14. Repeat this process for the remaining 3 beakers.

15. Place the control dark and dark beakers in a cabinet or under a cover to keep them in the dark.

16. Place the control light and light beakers in a window sill or by a bright light.

17. Observe the small beakers for bubbles once every 5 minutes for 20 minutes.

18. Rank the amount of bubbles on a scale of 0-5. 0 = no bubbles, 5 = lots of bubbles.

19. Record the results in the student handout portion of the lab.

 

Figure 2. Image A shows the setup using a measuring cup and a small bowl instead of beakers. Image B shows the setup using two beakers. Image c shows that there are no bubbles in the smaller beaker/bowl with initial setup. Image D shows what the bubbles will look like as they form over time.

(Image source: Professor Mello)

 

Exercise 2: Chromatography

 

Photosynthetic organisms capture the energy from sunlight utilizing pigments. Plant leaves tend to have multiple pigement types in them so they can absorb multiple wavelengths of light. These pigments are what give plant leaves their colors. Most plants have pigments that absorb all wavelengths except for green light. Green light is instead reflected back or transmitted which is why most plants appear green. All things that we see as color reflect back the wavelength of light you see and absorb or transmit (allow to pass through) all other colors.

So if a shirt is red its either absorbing or transmitting all wavelengths of light except red. The red wavelength is being reflected back and that is what your eyes see. Black and white colors are the exception to this. A black tshirt absorbs all wavelengths of light so black is actually the absence of color wavelengths being reflected into your eye. While a white shirt reflects all wavelengths of light, your brain process all wavelengths being reflected together as white. This is why black shirts can be much hotter than other color of shirts on a sunny day, the black shirt absorbs all of the light energy, a white shirt is generally the coolest color of shirt to wear on a hot day as it reflects of all the sun’s energy.

In this procedure we will separate the pigments in spinach leaves so you can see how many pigments the plant uses to perform photosynthesis.

 

 

Procedure:

 

1. Obtain a tall cup or beaker.

 

2. Obtain a coffee filter or piece of chromatography paper. Cut it into long rectangular strip that is an inch wide and long enough to reach from the top of your beaker to the bottom (see figure 3 for an example setup). Try to touch the strip you cut by the edges, oils on your hands can be absorbed by the paper and mess up the experiment.

3. Measure half an inch up from the bottom of the strip and place a spinach leaf on it.

 

4. Use a coin to rub the spinach leave over the line multiple times until the green from the leaf has been

rubbed into the paper, see figure 3 for an example.

 

5. Tape the top of the strip (part furtherest away from your green spinach line) to a pencil or pen and hang it inside the beaker (see figure 3 for an example of setup).

6. Carefully pour rubbing alcohol into the bottom of the beaker you want enough to get the bottom of the strip wet but not enough to cover the green spinach line.

7. Place a plastic wrap over the top of the beaker to help prevent evaporation.

 

8. Allow the experiment to run until the alcohol is about an inch from the top of the strip.

 

9. Remove the strip from the container and observe the different pigment lines.

 

10. Identify which pigments you see using figure 3 as a reference.

 

Figure 3. Image A shows the chromatography strip with a quarter and spinach leaf ready to be used. Image B shows the spinach

leaf about an inch up on the paper and the quarter is about to be used to rub the spinach. Image c shows the quarter rubbing a line along the spinach leaf to transfer pigment. Image D shows the green leaf pigment that has been transferred to the paper

successfully. Image E shows the complete final setup with the chromatography paper attached to a pen and hanging in a beaker.

Notice the bottom of the paper touches the bottom of the beaker.

(Image source: Professor Mello)

 

Name:

 

Biology 1406

Lab 1: Student Handout

 

Exercise 1 Photosynthesis

Rank the amount of bubbles on a scale of 0-5. 0 = no bubbles, 5 = lots of bubbles. Record your observations in the table below.

 

Treatment 0 min 5 min 10 min 15 min 20 min
Control Dark          
Dark          
Control light          
Light          

 

 

1. Which treatment(s) produced the most bubbles? Why?

 

2. Which treatment(s) produced the least bubbles? Why?

 

3. What was the purpose of the baking soda? Why was it necessary for photosynthesis?

 

Exercise 2 Chromatography

Draw your completed chromatography strip below and label the pigments. You may use colored pencils if available or draw it in black and white labeling the color of each line as well as the pigment.

 

4. Why do plants utilize multiple pigments for photosynthesis? What is the benefit or drawback of using multiple?

 

5. What color does each of the pigments you saw reflect back? What color(s) do they each absorb?

 
Do you need a similar assignment done for you from scratch? Order now!
Use Discount Code "Newclient" for a 15% Discount!

Water Quality Essay

/in /by

Write a 750-1,000-word essay about water quality in your community that addresses the following points:

  1. Obtain a water quality report from your local municipality within the last two years and discuss what you found in the report?
  2. Identify a water quality issue happening in your community and where the pollution comes from? This includes point sources (for example, water discharge from a factory; contamination from a Superfund site), Non-point sources (for example, agricultural runoff), and Natural sources.
  3. Describe how the pollution source is impacting the environment and human health in your community, and provide two examples of each.
  4. Identify three management practices to minimize water pollution.

Remember to support your data and information with appropriate citations. A minimum of five peer-reviewed references must be included.

 
Do you need a similar assignment done for you from scratch? Order now!
Use Discount Code "Newclient" for a 15% Discount!

Biology/Genetics

/in /by

Bio 209, Dr. Fernandez.

 

Name:

 

1.      Your ability to roll your tongue is controlled by two alleles that segregate according to Mendel’s segregation principle. The allele for being able to roll your tongue (R) is dominant. The allele for not being able to roll your tongue (r) is recessive. In a cross between two parents who are both heterozygous for the tongue-rolling trait, what will the phenotypic ratio of the offspring be?

 

2.      Large Kings (W) is a dominant trait in dragons. Small Kings (w) is recessive. If both parents are heterozygous for wing size, what is the probability that an offspring will have small wings?

 

3.      In a gene for cystic fibrosis, CF+ represents the dominant healthy allele and CF- the recessive disease allele. Human eye color is usually inherited as if the allele for brown eyes (B) is dominant and the allele for blue eyes (b) is recessive. In a cross in which both parents are heterozygous for cystic fibrosis and eye color, what would the phenotypic ratio for the offspring be if the alleles sorted independently?

 

4.      Red eyes (R) is dominant trait in dragons; green eyes (r) is recessive. Large wings (W) is a dominant trait; small wings (w) is recessive. If the alleles for eye color sort independently, what phenotypic ratio of offspring will be produce by this cross?

 

5.   For each of the individuals with genotypes below list all the different (and only different) possible gametes. Do not use unneeded lines.

 

a) AABb

 

______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______

 

b) aaBbtt

 

______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______

 

c) DdEeGg

 

______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______

 

d) MmNNRrYy

 

______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______

 

6.     You have two bean plants from true‐breeding stocks. One plant has red flowers and is short. The other has white flowers and is very tall. Using the letter “R” (both upper and lower case) for flower color, and “T” (upper and lower case) for tallness, write out the genotype of the two parent plants and the genotype and phenotype of the F1 offspring.

a) If red is dominant to white, and tall is dominant to short.

Parent 1:

Parent 2:

F1:

b) If red is incompletely dominant to white. In this case a plant heterozygous for the R genes will be pink. Tall is still dominant.

Parent 1:

Parent 2:

F1:

c) Do a Punnett square showing the genotypes and phenotypes for the F2 generation from b).

7.  Joe is genotype Ee for an enzyme found in blood. He is phenotypically normal. However, chemical analysis of Joe’s blood shows that he has less of the enzyme than Vincent, who is genotype EE and is also phenotypically normal. Is the production of this enzyme a trait that shows complete or incomplete dominance? Explain your answer

8.   Recall that widow’s peak and free earlobes are dominant traits. Latoya has a widow’s peak and free earlobes. Dennis has a widow’s peak and attached earlobes. They have two children: one has a widow’s peak and attached earlobes, and the other has a straight hairline and attached earlobes.

What are the genotypes of Latoya and Dennis?

Considering earlobes only, what fraction of their children would be expected to have free earlobes?

Does the fact that they have no children with free earlobes mean that earlobe inheritance is not a simple Mendelian trait? Explain.

9.     Congenital night blindness is caused by a dominant autosomal allele B.  A man is heterozygous for night blindness.  What is his genotype?____________ Is he night blind?___________.  His wife is normal for the trait.  What is her genotype__________.  What is the probability that their first-born child will have night blindness? __________. What is the probability that their second born child will have night blindness?_________.

10.   The ABO blood system in humans is governed by three alleles: IA is the blood type A allele, IB is the blood type B allele, and i is the blood type O allele. IA and IBare codominant, while i is recessive. In a family of four children, one has Type O blood, one has Type AB blood, one has Type B blood, and one has Type A blood. Do a Punnett square showing the possible genotypes of the parents.

 
Do you need a similar assignment done for you from scratch? Order now!
Use Discount Code "Newclient" for a 15% Discount!

Biology 101

/in /by

Individual Assignment 2 Instructions

Attention deficit disorder (ADD) is a syndrome in which a person has difficulty focusing sustained attention on a task for a significant amount of time. In some cases this is accompanied by hyperactivity as well. It is currently being diagnosed at an all-time high. Between 1989 and 1996, youth visits for ADD increased 90%, from 1.9% of total physician visits to 3.6%.

Now a psychiatrist, Dr. Edward Hallowell is making a new distinction. He has described a similar set of characteristics in a large number of patients that he terms Attention Deficit Trait (ADT). It looks a lot like ADD in its day to day manifestation, but unlike ADD, ADT symptoms lessen when the sufferer goes on vacation or into a decreased sensory input setting for an extended time period (on the order of days or weeks). In such a long-term placid situation, the ADD sufferer’s problems continue unabated.

We will pretend that you have the general set of symptoms described above. Ahh, but which of the two syndromes are causing your symptoms: the disorder (ADD) or the trait (ADT)? We’ll approach your problem using scientific methodology—developing a question, a hypothesis, an experiment, and a control for the experiment.

Let’s share this assignment. I will supply both the initial question and the experiment we’ll perform on you. Your job is to state the hypothesis and to design the most important and most basic control for this experiment:

Your Question:What’s my problem? Is it ADD or is it ADT?

(1)Your Hypothesis: state your hypothesis based directly on the above question.

Your Experiment: Keeping your same diet, sleep habits, and basic activity level, you will be sent on a two week vacation to the Bahama Islands where you will be given only a beach to walk and your favorite friend to talk to, following which you will be asked to read and memorize 10 sequential definitions from a standard dictionary in 30 minutes’ time.

(2) Your Control for this Experiment: So you get a numerical result for the number of definitions you memorized. What does that number mean? Nothing—unless you have a control for your experiment. What’s the most obvious control for this experiment?

Your assignment:

Click on the link. In the box provided:

1) Write out a testable hypothesis in a brief sentence. Derive it from the question posed above. (Be certain that the experiment addresses it!)

2) In a second sentence describe a basic, critical control situation (additional experiment?) that will give validity to the experiment described above.

 

Number your sentences: 1 and 2; do not use paragraph form. Sentences must be submitted through the assignment link no later than 11:59 p.m. (ET) Monday of Module/Week 1. The sentencesshouldnotbe submitted as an attached document, but rather should be entered into the text box provided.

 
Do you need a similar assignment done for you from scratch? Order now!
Use Discount Code "Newclient" for a 15% Discount!

Bio Labs

/in /by

Lab Answers

1.      Anatomy of a pine.

a)      Place your open seed cone into a cup of tap water.

b)      Record:  Time into water _2200________

Cone appearance _pine cone ________________________

c)      Let the cone sit in the water for at least 30 minutes.

d)     Record:  Time out of water _2230______

Cone appearance ___cone appeared moist and started to open ______________________

2.      Vascular transport.

a)      Examine the top of the celery stalk.  Record your observations:

The top of the celery had blue stains. The top seemed to have many little blue dots.

 

b)      Make a cross-section cut where the celery stalk has not been split.  Record your observations:

 

3.      Answer the following questions about seed dispersal.

  1. Why is it important for a parent plant to disperse its seeds? Notice that this is not asking why reproduction is important.

It is important for a parent plant to disperse its seed for many reasons. The ability for the plant to grow near the parent plant may be unfavorable for the plant. Also this may help increase the plants chance for survival. Seed may land on surfaces that provide better nutrients for it. Weather can also damage the seeds, therefore being dispersed to a place that can protect it from the elements can also increase its survival.

 

  1. What do gymnosperms use to disperse seeds?  What do angiosperms use?

Gymnosperm such as (pine, spruce, and douglas fir) have winged seeds dispersed by wind.  Other gymnosperms have nuts which are spread by nut-eating animals such as squirrels.

 

Angiosperm such as ( willows, apple trees, and mangroves adapt and use the environment around them to disperse their seeds.

 

  1. Some gymnosperms, such as redwoods, release seeds only after a fire.  Suggest a reason why this is done.

Redwoods may only release their seeds during a fire due to them adapting to an environment where fires have become part of their life cycle.  Fresh nutrients and low competition for direct sunlight are the product of a fire, giving seeds a better survival.

 

  1. Design an experiment that would test the hypothesis that you posed in c).

 

4.      Which direction does xylem flow?  What about phloem?

Xylem-

Water enters thru the roots of a plant and flows upwards to the rest of the     plant.

Phloem-

Water flows down from the leaves to the steam to the roots.

 

 

 

5.      Use Figure 5.4 to answer this question.  What is the function of:

a)      radicle?

Is the embryonic root inside of the seed. It is the first thing to emerge out of a seed and down into the ground to allow the seed to suck up water and send out its leaves so that it can start photosynthesizing.

b)      hypocotyl?

The hypocotylis is like a stem of a germinating seed. Hypocotyls

c)      epicotyl?

 

Conclusion

 

 

 

 

Lab Report 6

Purpose

 

 

 

 

Lab Observations

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Lab Answers

Lab 6A:  Water transport and salinity

 

6        Examine the top of the celery stalks. Are there differences between the celery in the high salt and low salt water conditions? Record your observations.

 

 

6        Record the distance (cm) traveled by the red dye in high salt conditions (S), the blue dye in high salt conditions (S), the red dye in low salt conditions (non-S) and the blue dye in low salt conditions (non-S).

 

Table 6.1

 

Distance (cm)

 

Red dye (S)

 

Blue dye (S)

 

Red dye (non-S)

 

Blue dye (non-S)

 

 

6        From Question 2 above, did the dyes travel at the same rate?  What can you conclude about the effect of salinity on water transport in celery from this experiment?  Propose a biological or physical explanation for your conclusion.

 

 

Lab 6B:  Seed germination and environmental conditions

 

6        Observe the radish seed and sprout. Are radishes monocots or dicots? How can you tell?

 

 

6        Describe the results of your experiment in Table 6.2. How many sprouted seeds were present in each group per day? Include any other relevant observations, such as appearance, color, etc.  Include any alternative treatments or conditions.

 

Table 6.2.  Seed germination.      
Initial date (Day 0): ________________    
  Record # sprouts, appearance, etc. per day.  
Saline solution Day 1: Day 2: Day 3: Day 4:
0% (“0” cup)        
3.1% (“1/32” cup)        
6.3% (“1/16 cup)        
12.5% (“1/8” cup)        
25% (“1/4” cup)        
50% (“1/2” cup)        
Alternative:        
Alternative:        

 

 

 

6        From your results in Table 6.2, draw a conclusion about the effect of salinity on sprouting success.  Include conclusions drawn from alternative treatments or conditions.

 

 

 

Conclusion

 

Lab Report 7

Purpose

 

 

 

 

Lab Observations

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Lab Answers

Lab 7A:  Fungi

 

1.      List four ways that Fungi are similar to plants.

 

2.      List four differences between Fungi and plants.

 

3.      List four differences between Fungi and animals.

 

4.      List four ways that Fungi are similar to animals.

 

5.      Which two groups are most closely related evolutionarily (explain your answer):

 

  1. Plants and animals,
  2. Plants and fungi,
  3. Fungi and Animals.

 

6.      List four facts that you learned about Fungi, but did not know before.

 

Lab 7B:  Animalia

 

7.      For the animals that you examined, briefly describe at least three unique or distinctive features for each animal.

8.      Compare and contrast the two animals.  That is, describe at least four features of their body design that are similar, and at least four ways in which they differ.

 

 

 

 

Conclusion

 

 

Lab Report 8

Purpose

 

 

 

 

Lab Observations

 

 

 

Lab Answers

  1. Using Figure 8.1, find each of the listed bones on your body.  Then, using Figures 8.2 and 8.3, write in a muscle that attaches to the bone and an artery that runs alongside the bone.

 

Bone                                                 Artery Muscle Artery
Cranium    
Clavicle    
Sternum    
Humerus    
Radius or Ulna    
Coxal bone    
Metacarpals    
Femur    
Tibia    
Fibula    
Metatarsals    

 

  1. Record data for heart rate as measured from the carotid artery (see Figure 8.5).

 

Table 8.1.  Heart rate (carotid artery).    
  A B C D
  (Resting) (Exercise 1) (Exercise 2) (End Rest)
Check 1 (15 sec)        
Check 2 (15 sec)        
Check 3 (15 sec)        
Check 4 (15 sec)        
         
Sum of all checks        
  Heart rate Heart rate Heart rate Heart rate
  (beats/min) (beats/min) (beats/min) (beats/min)

 

 

 

  1. Record data for heart rate as measured from the radial artery (see Figure 8.6).

 

Table 8.2.  Heart rate (radial artery).    
  A B C D
  (Resting) (Exercise 1) (Exercise 2) (End Rest)
Check 1 (15 sec)        
Check 2 (15 sec)        
Check 3 (15 sec)        
Check 4 (15 sec)        
         
Sum of all checks        
  Heart rate Heart rate Heart rate Heart rate
  (beats/min) (beats/min) (beats/min) (beats/min)

 

 

 

 

  1. Discuss your investigation of heart rate, answering the following:

a)      How similar was Resting heart rate (beats/min), as measured on the carotid artery vs. the radial artery?

b)      After Exercise 1, did the data change between checks?  How does the Exercise 1 heart rate (beats/min) differ from the Resting heart rate?

c)      After Exercise 2, did the data change between checks?  How does the Exercise 2 heart rate (beats/min) differ from the Resting and Exercise 1 heart rates?

d)     Is End Rest heart rate (beats/min) similar to the original Resting heart rate?  If not, describe your physical condition at the time of the End Rest heart rate.

 

Conclusion

 
Do you need a similar assignment done for you from scratch? Order now!
Use Discount Code "Newclient" for a 15% Discount!