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BIOL 101
Study Guide: Quiz 7
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Biology
LESSON
evolution of Genes and Culture
LESSON
STUDENT MATERIALS
The Making of the Fittest:
Got Lactase? The Coevolution of Genes and Culture
LESSON
STUDENT MATERIALS
The Making of the Fittest:
Got Lactase? The Coevolution of Genes and Culture
The Making of the Fittest: Natural
GOT LACTASE? BLOOD GLUCOSE DATA ANALYSIS
INTRODUCTION
“Mother’s milk” is packed with the proteins, fats, and carbohydrates that support the growth, development, and survival of baby mammals. The sugar lactose is the main carbohydrate in milk. Lactose can be cleaved into two simpler sugars, glucose and galactose, by lactase, an enzyme produced in the small intestine. The two smaller sugars are readily absorbed though the intestinal wall into the bloodstream for delivery to the cells of the body, where they are used for energy.
After infant mammals are weaned from their mother’s milk, lactase production shuts down, presumably because it is no longer needed. This condition is called lactase nonpersistence—meaning that production of the lactase enzyme does not persist into adulthood. The general condition for mammals is not to consume milk after weaning and to be lactase nonpersistent. Some populations of humans are unusual in that adults continue to consume milk from other mammals, such as cows.
If a person who is lactase nonpersistent drinks milk, undigested lactose passes from the small intestine to the large intestine, where it is fermented by bacteria. Fermentation produces various gases in the large intestine, which can cause abdominal pain, bloating, flatulence, and diarrhea—all symptoms of lactose intolerance. Worldwide, most adults are lactose intolerant, although some people may not know it because their symptoms are mild. Only a minority of human adults (about 35% of the global human population) continues to produce lactase into adulthood and can drink milk without any problems. These individuals are said to be lactase persistent or lactose tolerant.
There are several ways to test whether someone is lactase persistent. In the short film, Got Lactase? The Co-evolution of Genes and Culture, the narrator, Dr. Spencer Wells, takes a blood glucose test to deduce his lactase status. In this activity you will examine the results of blood glucose tests conducted on six different adults to determine who is lactase persistent (lactose tolerant) or lactase nonpersistent (lactose intolerant).
MATERIALS
· Ruler
· Colored pencils
Got Lactase? Blood Glucose Data Analysis
Updated November 2014
www.BioInteractive.org
Page 1 of 5
PROCEDURE
1. Examine the data in the table below. It shows the blood glucose levels of six individuals tested in Dr. Sarah Tishkoff’s laboratory. After baseline (i.e., time 0 minutes) blood glucose levels were measured and recorded, each person drank a liter of milk. Blood glucose levels were again measured at 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes after drinking the milk. Glucose levels were measured using glucose strips and a glucose reader similar to the one Dr. Wells used in the film.
| Blood Glucose (mg/dL) | |||||
| Individual | 0 minutes | 15 minutes | 30 minutes | 45 minutes | 60 minutes |
| Spencer Wells | 117 | 128 | 146 | 160 | 152 |
| Peter | 97 | 111 | 135 | 154 | 143 |
| Rachel | 96 | 99 | 105 | 101 | 98 |
| Katherine | 95 | 97 | 99 | 101 | 102 |
| Sarah | 108 | 116 | 129 | 141 | 139 |
| Michael | 94 | 109 | 128 | 143 | 140 |
| Arthur | 97 | 96 | 94 | 83 | 88 |
2. Plot the results from the six individuals in the graph below. The graph already includes Dr. Wells’ blood glucose test results. Make sure to include a legend for your graph.
Lactase Persistence Blood Glucose Test Results
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Blood Glucose (mg/dL)
Time (minutes)
Spencer Wells
3. After graphing the data, answer the questions below.
QUESTIONS
1. Why is measuring blood glucose levels an indicator of someone’s lactase activity?
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. Divide these individuals into two groups (A and B), based on their blood glucose test results. Write the names of the individuals in each group, including Dr. Spencer Wells.
Group A:
Group B:
3. Explain your rationale for dividing the individuals into these two groups using data to support your answer.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
4. Based on these data, do you predict that individuals in Group A are lactase persistent or nonpersistent? Describe the evidence that supports this claim.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
5. Based on these data, do you predict that individuals in Group B are lactase persistent or nonpersistent? Describe the evidence that supports this claim.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
6. If you performed the same blood glucose test on a group of people who are from the Maasai population in Kenya, predict whether their results would be more like those of Group A or Group B. Explain your prediction.
(Hint: Remember from the film that the Maasai people are pastoralists.)
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
7. A person taking a blood glucose test is usually told to fast prior to the test. Why do you think that might be necessary?
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Got Lactase? Blood Glucose Data Analysis
g www.BioInteractive.or
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Got Lactase? Blood Glucose Data Analysis
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Cloud Computing
1
Assessment details for ALL students
Assessment item 3 – Individual submission
Due date: Week 12 Monday (1 Oct 2018) 11:55 pm AEST Weighting:
Length:
50% (or 50 marks)
There is no word limit for this report
Objectives This assessment item relates to the unit learning outcomes as stated in the unit profile.
Enabling objectives 1. Analyse a case study and identify issues associated with the business; 2. Develop and deploy the application in IBM Bluemix; 3. Evaluate existing and new functionalities to address business problems; 4. Prepare a document to report your activities using text and multimedia (for example screenshots, videos).
General Information
The purpose of this assignment is to create a cloud based simulating environment which will help to identify/understand the problem stated in the given case study using analysis tools available in IBM Bluemix. In assignment three, you are working individually. By doing this assignment, you will learn to use skills and knowledge of emerging technologies like cloud computing, IoT, to simulate a business scenario to capture operational data and share with a visualization tool. You will acquire a good understanding of smart application design in a cloud environment for efficient application configuration and deployment.
What do you need to do?
The assignment requires you to do the following –
• Download the ‘Starter_Code_For_Assignment_Three.rar’ given in week 8 to
configure, and deploy a cloud based smart/IoT (Internet of Things) application to simulate the business case.
• Choose a case study out of given two below and analyse the case study to understand the business problem and design a solution for those problems.
• Deploy the starter source code in your Bluemix account and modify it to address all required milestones mentioned in your chosen case study.
• Finally prepare a report according to given format and specifications below and submit it in Moodle.
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Report format and specifications –
You are required to submit a written report in a single Microsoft Word (.doc or .docx) document. There is no word limit but any unnecessary information included in the report may result in reduced marks. The report must contain the following content (feel free to define your own sections, as long as you include all the required content):
o Cover page/title page and Table of contents o URL of the app and login details of the IBM Bluemix account o Introduction o Case study analysis which will report –
o Business problems you have identified in the case study o Possible solutions for each and how do these solutions address the
business problems? o What are the solutions you implemented in the application?
o The step by step process you have followed to configure and deploy the smart app for business case simulation. You may choose to use screenshots and notes to enrich your report but you must have a video of the process.
o Video link of you working while deploying and configuring o Self-Reflect –
o Was the telemetry data effective to visualize required information? o Suggest collection of five new data elements (other than data already
collected by the telemetry) which could be helpful to solve the business problems in the smarter way.
o Difficulties you faced – o What are the difficulties you have faced during the process of app
deployment and data collection? o How did you address those difficulties?
o Conclusion o References
Plagiarism Checking Information
It is VERY important that you do not copy content directly from either the text or Internet resources: this assignment is to be in your own words. You will lose marks if you do not use your own words! Actual plagiarism will result in the instigation of the student misconduct process.
On uploading your assignment for the first time you will be able to immediately see your similarity score. However, a 24 hour delay exists for the release of similarity scores for the submission of successive items (drafts).
To be clear, the delay will not apply to your first draft which will receive a Turnitin similarity score as soon as possible. This mandatory delay was implemented by Turnitin to minimise misuse of the similarity-checking service by students who were simply modifying their submissions to avoid match detection and without citing sources appropriately.
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Choose a Business Case only for the assignment
Business Case One:
Smart application to monitor trucks movement and telemetry
AB Pty. Ltd is a delivery company who has 3 trucks to deliver different products for third parties. They have their set delivery zone which covers an area (feel free to choose an area) of Austin downtown, Texas, USA. Due to the expanding demand their trucks are always busy. Most recently, they are receiving complaints about delayed delivery and long queue of pending delivery. In the initial stage of their business a truck on average can deliver 5 times a day. However, current average for their trucks is only 3 times per day. The general manager of AB Pty. Ltd appointed a business analyst to identify potential causes of the delay. The business analyst made a number of stage one recommendations below –
• Develop a smart application to simulate the trucks movement. • Divide the entire delivery area into two zones. • Write a NODE-RED function node that will
o set different speed limits of the truck for each zone and outside the zone. o change speed value( feel free to assume the speed values) when it enters in a delivery
zone and change it back when it is outside of the delivery zone. You can use ID of delivery zone, entry and exit message from GeoAlert to know about their entry and exit in a specific zone.
• Set following custom properties – o Total delivery allocated ( this field will show a delivery number allocated to the
truck) o Total delivered numbers at current time (will show number of delivery done). In this
case assume that every entry in the zone is the start of a delivery and every exit in a zone is the end of a delivery.
• System should alert the management via email/Twitter, if a truck o violated the speed limit of the zone. [ NB: Use the speed limit you have set in your
assignment two] or o finished their allocated delivery
• Create a visual dashboard using NODE-RED which will have a speed gauge and speed chart of a specific truck.
AB Pty. Ltd appointed you as an ICT professional to develop a simulated connected vehicle application for simulation in Bluemix which will address the milestones above recommended by the business analyst.
Business Case Two:
Smart application to remotely monitor a patient’s movement details
AB hospital has a physiotherapy department with 3 patients. The hospital is very renowned for their services. It is receiving increasing pressure to increase their capacity to serve more physiotherapy patients. However, their current capacity is limited to 3 patients only. Furthermore, as part of their service, they also want to collect information about their patients walking habits within the walking zone of the hospital to serve them better. They have appointed a business analyst to identify actions to address the issues. The business analyst made a number of stage one recommendations below –
• Divide the entire walking area (feel free to choose an area) in Austin downtown, Texas, USA into two zones.
• Write a NODE-RED function node that will o set different walking speed of the patient for each zone and outside the zone.
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o change speed value when it enters in a walking zone and change it back when it is outside of the zone. You can use ID of walking zone, entry and exit message from GeoAlert to know about their entry and exit in a specific zone.
• Set following custom properties – o Total number of meters required to walk ( this field will show a delivery number
allocated to the patient) o Total number of meters walking done at current time (number of entries in the zone
X 10 meters). • System should alert the management via email/Twitter, if a patient
o violated the walking speed limit of the zone. [ NB: Use the speed limit you have set in your assignment two] or
o finished their allocated walking meters • Create a visual dashboard using NODE-RED which will have a walking speed Gauge and
speed chart of a specific patient.
The AB hospital appointed you as an ICT professional to develop a simulated connected patient’s application for simulation in Bluemix which will address the milestones above recommended by the business analyst.
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Marking guide: Student number: Name: Marker / Date:
Sections Marks
Comments
The report quality – • Is the report easy to follow? Did it
address all the key information required for the report?
• Is it prepared using formal report writing style such as table of content, page numbers, appropriate referencing (if any), cover page, introduction, conclusion, referencing and so on.
• Did it specifically address all the guidelines provided by the ‘Report format and specifications’ section.
/3 (1 for each bullet point)
• Case study analysis which will report – o Business problems you have identified
in the case study o Possible solutions for each and how
do these solutions address the business problems?
o What are the solutions you implemented in the application?
/6 (2 for each bullet point)
Working application – • Working URL of the app and login
details of the Bluemix account. (5 marks)
• Working application ( 15 marks) • Functionality of the application as
per required and stated in the report ( 10 marks)
/(5+15+10=30 marks)
The step by step process – • Video link of your working while
deploying
/4 marks
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Self-Reflect – • Was the telemetry data effective to
visualize required information? • Suggest collection of five new data
elements (other than data already collected by the telemetry) which could be helpful to solve the business problems in the smarter way.
/4 (2 marks for each bullet point)
Difficulties you faced – • What are the difficulties you faced
during the process of app deployment and data collection using debug?
• How did you address those difficulties?
/3( 1.5 marks for each bullet points)
Total Marks: /50
- Objectives
- Enabling objectives
- General Information
- What do you need to do?
- The assignment requires you to do the following –
- Download the ‘Starter_Code_For_Assignment_Three.rar’ given in week 8 to configure, and deploy a cloud based smart/IoT (Internet of Things) application to simulate the business case.
- Report format and specifications –
- You are required to submit a written report in a single Microsoft Word (.doc or .docx) document. There is no word limit but any unnecessary information included in the report may result in reduced marks.
- Choose a Business Case only for the assignment
- Business Case One:
- Business Case Two:
- You are required to submit a written report in a single Microsoft Word (.doc or .docx) document. There is no word limit but any unnecessary information included in the report may result in reduced marks.
- Marking guide:
- Student number:
- Name:
- Marker / Date:
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Biology Q&A
All sections carry equal marks. Answer all questions. Total marks: 10
A: i: Draw and describe the structure of a plant cell and animal cell.
ii: Differentiate Mitosis and Meiosis, give one example for each type of cell division.
B: i: Define and differentiate aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
ii: What is phage: draw and describe.
C: Choose the best answer:
1) An antibiotic kills 99.9% of a bacterial population. You would expect the next generation of bacteria to
A) be just as susceptible to that antibiotic as was the previous generation.
B) be more resistant to that antibiotic.
C) die out due to the drastic decrease in population size.
D) be more contagious than the prior generation.
Answer:
2) Watching salt crystals form as ocean water evaporates, a student says, “Look—more and more crystals are appearing. The ocean water is alive!” Which statement is an accurate evaluation of the student’s remark?
A) The student is correct: Crystals are ordered structures and they are reproducing, so the ocean water is alive.
B) The student is correct because crystals are formed by processing energy from the sun to create new structures, so ocean water is alive.
C) The student is incorrect because the solution is processing energy from the sun rather than gaining energy from other organisms, so the ocean water is not alive.
D) The student is incorrect because all of the crystals reproduce the same kind of crystals with no variation to provide adaptation, so the ocean water is not alive.
Answer:
3) The four most common elements in living organisms are
A) C, H, O, Fe.
B) C, H, O, Na.
C) C, H, O, N.
D) C, N, O, Na.
Answer:
4) Typically, nitrogen atoms are composed of electrons, protons, and neutrons. An isotope of nitrogen could
A) be positively charged.
B) be negatively charged.
C) have more protons than the usual nitrogen atom.
D) have more neutrons than the usual nitrogen atom.
Answer:
5) In plants, the process of photosynthesis produces glucose (C6H12O6) and oxygen from carbon dioxide and water. Which of the following options about photosynthesis is consistent with this statement?
A) All of the carbon atoms in glucose came from carbon dioxide.
B) More atoms are present at the beginning than at the end.
C) More carbon dioxide is released from the plant than is absorbed.
D) Water is synthesized by the plant from H2 and O2.
Answer:
6) How will a lower ocean pH caused by ocean acidification affect coral reefs?
A) Coral reefs will grow faster because there are more carbonate ions available.
B) Coral reefs will grow slower because there are fewer carbonate ions available.
C) Coral reefs will grow faster because there are more bicarbonate ions available.
D) Coral reefs will grow slower because there are fewer bicarbonate ions available.
Answer:
7) Glycolysis is the first step of cellular respiration, in which glucose is used to generate ATP to power the cell. The major chemical reaction that takes place in glycolysis (ignoring some other reactants and products) is the conversion of glucose (C6H12O6) to pyruvate (C3H4O3) and hydrogen ions (H+). Using this information, what is the correct equation for the glycolysis chemical reaction?
A) C6H12O6 → C3H4O3 + H+
B) C6H12O6 → 2 C3H4O3 + 2 H+
C) C6H12O6 → 2 C3H4O3 + H+
D) 2 C6H12O6 → C3H4O3 + 2 H+
Answer:
8) Which of the following is a carboxyl group?
A) -C-O
B) -OH
C) -NH2
D) -COOH
Answer:
9) If you were to add olive oil to your food as part of a diet to lower your risk of heart disease, you would use olive oil that
A) is liquid at room temperature.
B) is hydrogenated.
C) is modified to be solid at room temperature.
D) has lard added to it.
Answer:
10) How are these two amino acids attached?
A) amino group to amino group
B) amino group to carboxyl group
C) carboxylic acid group to carboxyl group
D) through a hydrolysis reaction
Answer:
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“Synthetic Chromosomes, Transcriptomes, And Patents On BRCA Genes”
“Synthetic chromosomes, Transcriptomes, and Patents on BRCA genes”
For your primary post, please respond to one of the following three topics with a post of at least 125 words that addresses each point given in the instructions. Also, please reply to at least one fellow student on any topic.
Topic 1 [videos]: It’s parent was a computer file. Watch the short video about organism with the synthetic chromosome that was created at the Craig Venter Institute (1)* and the video about the “streamlined” version that organism(2)*. Subsequently, answer the following:
- (a) How does the DNA in the synthetic organisms differ from DNA in naturally-occurring microorganisms?
- (b) What do you think we’ve learned from these experiments?
- (c) In your opinion, what are the inherent risks of this research to human health or to the environment, if any?
Topic 2 [article]: Transcriptomes. The complete set of all DNA in a cell is called the genome. The complete set of all the mRNA in a cell is called the transcriptome. Read the following article about the transcriptome (1)*, then address the following:
- (a) What does the transcriptome tell us that we can’t get from the genome?
- (b) If we compare the transcriptome between cells that have completely different functions in the body, how do you think they would compare?
- (c) Explain how this concept relates to our lesson on gene expression from Chapter 7.
Topic 3 [research]: Patent protection for BRCA genes. On the Internet, read one or more articles about how the Supreme Court of the United States (SCOTUS) ruled in the case of Association for Molecular Pathology versus Myriad Genetics. In your answer, you must give credit to your source(s). Your answer must address the following:
- (a) Describe some of the major reasons why the plaintiffs objected to Myriad’s patent on the breast cancer-related genes, BRCA1 and BRCA2.
- (b) Describe the SCOTUS ruling regarding naturally-occuring DNA sequences, as well as their ruling regarding DNA sequences that do not exist in Nature.
Note: the rulings of lower courts are NOT of interest for our purposes. Please concentrate only on SCOTUS’s ruling. The objective here is to emphasize the precedent-setting ruling of the highest court (SCOTUS), rather than to recount the litigation history.
- (c) What is your view on the issue of whether we should allow human genes to be patented?
- Be absolutely sure that you cite your sources, and list your references.
References (in Strayer Writing Standards format).
- Associated Press, May 20, 2010. Scientists make synthetic cell using manmade DNA., https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IyAOepIU6uo
- Newsy Science, March 25, 2016. Synthetic life has been streamlined and is ready to be put to work., https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=saaWTiQie0M
- National Human Genome Research Institute, August 27, 2015, Transcriptome, https://www.genome.gov/13014330/transcriptome-fact-sheet/
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MIC100 Case 3
Protist is a catch-all term that usually refers to single-celled, eukaryotic organisms. Protists can be animal-like, fungal-like or plant-like in terms of the organelles they contain. The animal-like protists have traditionally been called “protozoans.” They are heterotrophic and usually have structures for motility. Plant-like protists are autotrophic and capable of photosynthesis. Many of them are floaters, with no structures for motility.
Protists are among the largest of all eukaryotic cells. They often have specialized organelles that are not found in the cells of multicellular organisms. These organelles combine to accomplish the basic functions that we associate with entire organ systems of plants and animals. For example, there are organelles in some freshwater protists that maintain osmotic equilibrium by pumping excess fluid out of the cell—a function performed by the urinary system of most animals. There are also protists that do not fit neatly into plant-like or animal-like categories.
- Study the following video of an ambiguous protist. (The video has no sound.) Then write a short description indicating why you think the protist is more animal-like or more plant-like. (Base your answer on observations of the protist.)Ambiguous Protist. Introductory Biology: Ecology, Evolution, and Biodiversity. Retrieved March 27, 2018, from http://projects.ncsu.edu/project/bio181de/Lab/protists-fungi/euglena.html
- View the following video of two animal-like protists, Stentor and Voticella (audio included), and then answer the questions listed below:Stentor and Vorticella. Introductory Biology: Ecology, Evolution, and Biodiversity.Retrieved March 27, 2018, from http://projects.ncsu.edu/project/bio181de/Lab/protists-fungi/protozoans.html
- Describe the ways in which Stentor and Vorticella feed; what structures are involved in feeding?
- Name, and briefly describe, one internal organelle in each protist.
- Research one additional protist. Insert an image of your chosen protist into your word document (it should be no larger than 2.5-by-3 inches). Describe its beneficial or harmful effects on humans.
Assignment Expectations
Organize this essay assignment using subtitles that summarize the topic from each question above. For example, use descriptive subtitles such as Ambiguous Protist, etc.
Your essay should be approximately 1½–2 pages. Answer each question under the subtitle using complete sentences that relate back to the question. Be sure to use APA formatting throughout your essay, and use 1-inch margins, 12-point type and double spacing. Include a title page, an introduction, answers to the questions with subtitles, and a concluding paragraph. Remember to include in-text citations within the body of the essay referencing your resources (e.g., Murray, 2014). Also, be sure to include a reference section at the end of your assignment listing all required readings and any additional resources you used to complete your essay. A helpful guide to writing a quality essay can be found in Writing Tips. The Student Guide to Writing a High-Quality Academic Paper also provides links to example essays written within APA format.
Direct quotes should be limited and must be designated by quotation marks. Paraphrased ideas must give credit to the original author, for example: (Murray, 2014). Direct copying from “homework help” websites will not receive credit. Once you have completed your assignment within a Word document, please upload your final version to the Case 3 Dropbox. Please also note your Turnitin originality score and make revisions as needed. Please contact your instructor with any questions.
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SCI115: Biology
“Tarnita’s Termites, Pacific Lampreys, and Large Brains”
This week our discussion is focused on animal evolution. For your primary post, respond to one of the following three topics. Also, please reply to at least one fellow student on any topic.
Topic 1
: Population Distribution of Termites in a Savanna. Watch the video (1) describing Corina Tarnita’s research on the spacing of termite mounds in savanna ecosystems, and then address the following:
- (a) What were Tarnita’s findings about the spacing of termite mounds?
- (b) What does Tarnita think is the main factor that governs the spatial distribution of the termite mounds?
- (c) How do the termite mounds benefit other organisms on the savanna?
Topic 2
: Pacific Lampreys. Watch the video about Pacific Lampreys (2)*, then address the following:
- (a) Where do Pacific lampreys fall in the taxonomy of vertebrates?
- (b) What challenges do Pacific lamprey populations face?
- (c) Why are Native American tribes of the Northwest concerned about them? (Please note: take care not to confuse the Pacific lamprey (described in the video) with the Sea Lamprey, which is a completely different species that is considered an invasive species in the Great Lakes).
Topic 3 [article]: Supporting the Energy Needs of a Large Brain. As discussed in the article by Zimmer (3)*, brain tissue is energetically expensive. For a species to evolve a large brain, it may need to make certain adjustments to ensure that enough energy is available to support brain function. Zimmer discusses various hypotheses about such adjustments in the human line of descent. Explain one of these adjustments.
References (in Strayer Writing Standards format).
- HHMI Biointeractive (2015, November 11). Analyzing patterns in the savanna landscape. [Video]. Retrieved from https://youtu.be/nJGpABrEatc
- U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. (2012). Taking the initiative to conserve Pacific Lamprey. [Video]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dkwfDVAoSXk
- Carl Zimmer, July/August 2011. The brain. Discover, 32 (6), 18-19. https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=61992134&site=ehost-live&scope=site
Note: If you have trouble with the link to Carl Zimmer’s article, the following link is to a file with the text of the article: zimmer article for week 9 discussion.pdf
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Microbiology 2
Start by reading and following these instructions:
1. Quickly skim the questions or assignment below and the assignment rubric to help you focus.
2. Read the required chapter(s) of the textbook and any additional recommended resources. Some answers may require you to do additional research on the Internet or in other reference sources. Choose your sources carefully.
3. Consider the discussion and the any insights you gained from it.
4. Create your Assignment submission and be sure to cite your sources, use APA style as required, check your spelling.
Assignment:
Topic: This week we covered the details of Cellular Respiration. Your assignment this week is in two parts. Using Excel (or some other Table creating program) create a table that describes the four sub-steps of cellular respiration. Insert the table into a Word document and provide a discussion of how each sub part contributes to overall process of cellular respiration.
Assignment Expectations:
- Minimum of 1000-1250 words, not including the Title or References pages (typed, 12 point font, double spaced).
- Required Table must be included in the essay.
- The Table must contain these headings: Sub-step reactants, Sub-step products, ATP contribution by sub-step, Cellular location of sub-step.
- Support your content with at least (3) citations. Make sure to reference the citations using APA writing style for the presentation.
Format:
- Save your assignment as a Microsoft Word File
- File name:
- Name your saved file according to your last name, first initial and the week (for example, “jonesb.week1”)
- Submission: submit your assignment to the Drop Box
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Lab Assignment #1
Laboratory assignment
The following questions are from two exercises (dilutions/pipetting and counting bacteria) that you read/studied. As reference materials, read lab manual, lab exercise PPts and/or study guides and answer questions given below fully/completely in the spaces provided as instructed. Please submit assignment before or on the due date. Hand written answers are not acceptable, except calculations.
You may submit assignment as an attachment to an email. Alternatively, you may scan assignment or take a photo it and submit as an attachment to an email.
Part One: Pipetting and Dilutions
A. 1. Objectives of this exercise – briefly describe the objectives of this exercise in your own English (refer to lab manual or PPt)
A. 2. Define Solute:
A. 3. Define Solvent:
A. 4. Define dilution:
A. 5. Define solution:
B: Pipetting and Dilutions
B. 1. For each set of dilutions in figure below, calculate the amount of colored substance (dilutions) in the last test tube of each set. Show calculation steps and results in the spaces provided.
B. 2. For questions B. 2. 1—B. 2. 3 in lab manual, first write down each question and then give the corresponding answers.
B. 2.1. What is the “meniscus”?
B. 2. 2. If you transfer 0.1ml of a sample into a 99.9ml saline blank, what is the dilution factor (show calculation steps)?
B. 2. 3. How much fluid is IN the pipette below? _________________________.
B. 3. For the following 3 questions (B. 3. 1 – B. 3. 3) in lab manual, first determine:
· The number of countable colonies (colony forming units, CFUs) that fall within the range of 30-300.
· The dilution factor that gave the count (example: 10-4 or 1/104)
· The amount of diluted sample plated/added (in ml) to each plate that gave the corresponding count.
· Then calculate the number of bacteria in 1 ml of original (undiluted) sample (solid or liquid) using formula given in manual or PPt. Show calculation steps.
Note: If sample is solid (example: hamburger meat), report count as CFUs per gram of meat. If sample is liquid (example: milk), report count as CFUs per ml of milk.
B. 3. 1.
B. 3. 2.
B. 3. 3.
Part two: Counting (enumeration) bacteria
2. 1. Objectives of this exercise – briefly describe the objectives in your own English (see lab manual)
2. 2. What is viable plate count?
2. 3. What do you use to determine the number of bacteria in suspension by the turbidimetric method?
2. 4. For questions 2. 4. 1 — 2. 4. 6 in lab manual, first write down each question and then give the corresponding answers.
2. 4. 1. Data collection (Insert data table here from PPt)
2. 4. 2. Why do you have to do a standard plate count when running turbidity values the first time?
2. 4. 3. If you have a graph for E. coli, can the same graph also be used for another bacterium, like Staph?
2. 4. 4. How is “transmission” different from “absorbance”?
2. 4. 5. Give the formula for calculating the number of bacteria in 1 ml or 1 gram original sample (example: cheese or fruit juice). (Show calculation steps.
2. 4. 6. Using the formula in above question, calculate the bacterial count per milliliter of E. coli suspension in the original culture tube.
Important: To complete data table (2. 4. 1), enter count (2. 4. 6, above) into y-axis column (first for original E. coli) in data table (question # 2. 4.1.) given in PPt. Then divide count by 2 (or multiply count by ½) to enter count for each corresponding absorbance value under x-axis column. Finally enter zero (0) for both x- and y-axis columns.
2. 4. 7. Finally, using Excel graphic software, plot a standard curve using data from step 2. 4. 1, above. When entering your data in Excel graphic, start with the zero values (X-axis=0 and Y-axis=0) and finish with the highest values. Use absorbance column values for X-axis and the number of E. coli calculated for Y-axis. To plot the graph, follow the steps given in your manual. Please include curve/graph with the rest of report and submit before or due date. Be warned that no assignment is accepted after due date.
Due date: Friday, June 19 @midnight
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Research Essay
Paper #3: Research Project
This will be the major research component of this course and it is worth the largest percentage of your grade. The text at the center of your research project is Maus. I expect the final draft of this project to remain in sections. Do not spend your time/energy in crafting transitions—I’d rather you focus on each section’s content and analysis.
The Proposal
You will submit the proposed thesis for the research project and three possible sources- make sure to include at least one from the “History” section.
It can look like this:
Paper #3 Proposal
Name:
Thesis:
Source #1 title and author:
Source #2 title and author:
Source #3 title and author:
Workshop:
THERE WILL BE NO WORKSHOP FOR THIS PAPER.
Final Draft Structure and Instructions
Part 1: Introduction
What is your argument? What claim are you making about Maus? How are you using a theme or metaphor to help your readers understand something new about the novel? The .pdfs in the course library should be utilized. This section will include your thesis.
***This section should explain:
1. novel (how does this novel speak to the theme or metaphor you’ve selected)
2. theme (why does this theme or metaphor speak to the novel as a whole)
3. “so what?” (why/how should your reader care about the argument you’re making)
Requirements: 400 words, at least 1 outside source.
Part 2: Critical Context
1. Give me an overview of the critical conversation around your theme/topic.. You could consider several of the following: politics, history, economics, society, culture and science/technology. 2. Relate this critical context to your theme and the novel. 3. Cite at least two reputable sources. These reputable sources should be critically focused and do not have to mention the novels. It is your job to make the connections between the critical context, novel, and your argument for the reader. Requirements: 500 words, at least 2 reputable sources.
Part 3: Criticism and Response
Find one critical piece that examines your theme and the novel. The “piece” may be either a peer-reviewed journal article or a chapter from a scholarly monograph. Journal articles can be accessed via the library search engines. The article must have been peer-reviewed. If it is a book chapter, the chapter must be focused on the novel, not just mentioning it in passing. The “piece” must be working with a certain theme in the novel. Read the article. Write a detailed summary (about 300-400 words) and then respond to it (about 100 to 200 words). Your response, whether you agree or disagree, should refer to specific examples from the critical work. Requirement: 500 words; one source, a peer-reviewed journal article from a library database OR a chapter from a scholarly monograph.
Part 4: Close Reading
Sticking with the particular theme from your thesis, pick a passage from the novel you’ve selected to close read. The selection of text should not be longer than a page. You will close read that theme into the passage, which will serve as the best example to prove your thesis. Then you must make a claim about what that theme does for the novel as a whole. Requirements: 400 words; no sources needed, but you should make frequent references to the novel.
Part 5: So what?
You’ve done a significant amount of analysis so far (historical sources, contemporary literary criticism, a theme, and a close reading). Now you must further answer the dreaded so what? question that plagues English papers. What does all of this matter, why did you tell the reader this analysis, and how can you connect this reading to outside of the text (or our current lives)? Requirement: 400 words, no sources.
(Total word count: 2000 words)
Your works cited page also has requirements:
1. MLA format
2. No hyperlinks anywhere
3. At least five sources: Part I’s 1 source, Part II’s 2 sources, Part III’s 1 source, and the novel
In the past, I’ve had a few students who have missed the mark on this assignment in ways that severely impacted their grades. Below is a “do not” list to prevent any major slip-ups.
1. Do not write less than 400 words per section. You will lose many, many points.
2. Do not use Wikipedia or other non-academic sources. Ever.
3. Do not choose a book review for any of your sources.
4. Do not confuse your own analysis with quoted material. It should be clear to the reader where the source ends and your analysis begins. Use in-text citations in MLA format.
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