1 Page only
Should we still continue to perform criminal record checks during the employment screening process and perpetuate the long term consequences of being labelled
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Start a new topic that relates to an issue in criminology or criminal justice. Make sure it is somehow related to Modern Theories of Crime, continued
Introduction
For this project, you are to apply the foundation knowledge you have acquired throughout this course and evaluate the model medical practice described here for you. You are the incoming Compliance Officer at Grace University Hospital. You have a staff of five coder/auditors, one systems analyst, and an office manager. All are full-time employees and have been part of the medical practice team for 15+ years.
There is a significant bias against the Compliance Program. You have been hired to evaluate, develop a mitigation strategy and put the program back on track with the guidelines as expected by the Federal and State governments. You also need to build credibility back into the program. The focus for this Compliance program project is on the Billing Compliance Program as it is responsible for the integrity of the medical record, privacy and security of health information (HI), accuracy of the assignment of billing codes and complete, and accurate documentation that reflects the services reported for reimbursement. There is a separate Compliance Program for Research and HR/Legal; however, your program collaborates extensively with Research and Legal. You also sit at the laboratory Compliance Committee and provide guidance as appropriate.
Existing Compliance Program
The corporate compliance program has essentially been inactive for three years and no audits have been completed during this time. There is pervasive mistrust of the compliance program. The compliance committee meets occasionally and not at all in the last year. There is no hotline or any publicized avenue of reporting for the general staff or patient population. The previous compliance officer was not in good standing with the medical staff because of enforced paybacks to the Medicare program. The existing policy and procedure manuals are outdated. There is no method in place for disseminating updated regulations or changes in policy. No one is able to provide you with any baseline information regarding billing or documentation compliance. There is no regular communication between the billing staff and the practice regarding denial, report requests or suspend trends.
You have received complaints for the following:
a) EMTALA violations
b) Fraudulent billing practices
c) Stark violations involving referrals to provider-owned laboratories
d) Medical identity theft
e) Security breaches
Staffing
The skillset of the staff is the following:
Three coder/auditors – CPC, CHC certified with a minimum of a bachelor’s degree in healthcare management or a related field.
Two coder/auditors – CCS, CHC certified with a minimum of a bachelor’s degree ibn healthcare management or a related field.
Systems Analyst – BS in computer engineering and 5+ years’ experience in Epic, MediTech, HPF and Cerner. The analyst is also facile in database design and management.
Office Manager – BA in English with a minor in Drama and skilled in all Microsoft Office applications. She has special skills in project management, SharePoint and Access.
Practice Profile
Specialty Areas
The medical practice is a multispecialty group practice that provides services in a teaching (PATH) institution. Both inpatient and ambulatory services are provided on the campus as well as in three satellite clinics. Radiology, pathology and laboratory services are provided under the umbrella of the institution. Residents rotate through all specialty areas and provide services both under the direction of the faculty attendings as well as directly in pediatrics and Internal Medicine under the Primary Care Exception.
Specialty
Physicians
Physician Assistant
Nurse Practitioner
Comment
Internal Medicine
15
5
8
Basic preventative and minor care; imaging is sent out, minor lab such as cell smears, fungal scrapings and UA are completed in the practice offices
Pediatrics
12
1
6
Basic preventative and minor care; imaging is sent out, minor lab such as cell smears, fungal scrapings and UA are completed in the practice offices. CHDP – type examinations are done to report need for public health nurse intervention.
Cardiology
5
0
2
Consultative service primarily. Some cath lab procedures also performed.
General Surgery
22
8
2
Both ambulatory and inpatient services provided.
Dermatology
8
0
2
Outpatient procedures only; self-referrals; independent lab for special derm services
Endocrinology
5
0
0
Consultative services
Oncology
6
0
4
Large infusion center managed by RNs
Orthopedics
7
1
1
Several Divisions including Joint Prosthetics, Sports Medicine and Foot & Ankle
Payer Mix
Contracts – 35%
Medicare – 20%
Medicaid – 15%
Capitated – 5%
Medicare Part C – 5%
Workers’ Comp/Industrial – 5%
Full Indemnity/PPO – 10%
Self-Pay – 5%
Trends:
Revenue Cycle:
1. Trend in denials for consultations provided by Cardiology and Endocrinology after documentation provided
2. Incorrect billing noted for Infusion Center with multiple denials for antineoplastic and administration
3. Problems getting payment for services provided by nonMD Practitioners
4. Services by Orthopedics and provided in the ED are undocumented
5. General complaints from patients alleging rude and abusive behavior referred to Compliance
Compliance:
1. Multiple calls from staff reporting fraudulent billing practices
2. Attendings billing for services provided only by house staff
3. Providers referring to their own laboratory
4. Reports of non-existent documentation
5. Reports of billing staff changing codes
6. Report from ED of EMTALA violations
7. Report of any Fraud and Abuse Activity
Privacy:
1. Medical record breach of celebrity seen at hospital
2. Report of patient attempting to use another’s insurance card
3. Multiple accesses, some unauthorized, on a high-profile chart
4. Poor recording-keeping for Privacy Office
5. Process for maintaining behavioral client records in the field
Research:
1. Stark violations involving referrals to provider-owned laboratories
2. Failure to separate routine charges from those billed to the grant
3. Irregular management of consents
4. Allegations of misconduct (principal moving ahead with publications after receiving a letter to cease)
External Audits:
1. Complaint-based investigation regarding a FEMLA denial
2. FMR for surgical practice regarding package unbundling
3. OIG Investigation for violation of P.A.T.H. regulations
Fraud Article: http://bok.ahima.org/doc?oid=103625#.WVKHQhMrI3g
Final Project Deliverables
You will be creating and submitting a Corporate Compliance Plan for Grace University Hospital. You will be submitting ONE (1) plan, but your plan will include several attachments. These attachments include the assignments that you have completed within this course. Make sure you review and update your assignments with any feedback I have provided. Together, they will form a complete compliance plan for this Use Case. 20 Points
As a component of the overall Corporate Compliance Plan, you will be required to provide:
1. Roles and structure of the Department: Organization Chart and Sample Position Descriptions for Corporate Compliance, HIPAA Privacy Officer and Risk Manager. Additionally, assess whether the Department meets the criteria for the seven sentencing guidelines and explain how it will satisfy these suggestions for mitigating exposure. Include your assessment in the Corporate Compliance Plan in addition to your presentation as a teaching tool of the Seven Sentencing Guidelines. 20 Points
Documents:
a) Sample Position Descriptions (Corporate Compliance, HIPAA Privacy Officer, and Risk Manager) – Completed in Unit 1, Week 1
b) Stark & Whistleblower Presentation – Completed in Unit 1, Week 2
2. Training Plan: Based on industry information, CMS guidance, past audits and OIG targets, develop an Annual Plan of what you believe is addressable in your practice. This will include an education schedule within the Corporate Compliance Plan, your plan for tracking and monitoring the training and your plan for changes in the plan due to the identified risks identified in the Use Case. Additionally include the following Training Plans as attachments that were completed earlier in the course. Make sure you make any necessary updates based on my feedback. 20 Points
Training Plan Documents – All Completed in Unit 3, Week 7:
a) Corporate Compliance
b) Risk Management
c) HIPAA
d) Identity – Medical Theft
3. Provide a description of the Audit Program within the Corporate Compliance Plan. This should include a department policy to include types of audits that will be conducted, schedule of routine audits, what the sampling methodology will be, identification of who will pull the cases and how the field work is to be completed, and follow-up and refunding procedures. This will be supported by attaching your Audit Program Assignment documents. Make sure to make any necessary updates to the documents as part of the Audit Program Assignment. 20 Points
Audit Program Assignment Documents:
a) A brief policy & procedure for the assignment, initiation & close of the Audit – Completed in Unit 1, Week 4
b) Outline of the resulting report (you do not need to write a report – an outline of the sections is required) – Completed in Unit 1, Week 4
c) Sample entrance and follow up letters – Completed in Unit 1, Week 4
d) Include a section into the Audit Policy and Procedure that will create surveillance model to detect fraud and abuse within the healthcare organization (just a statement or two – nothing too big) – New
e) Include a forensic model for fraud and abuse surveillance (find on the Internet – you don’t have to create) – New
4. Privacy and Security: Your department is not responsible for Privacy and Security but you receive a number of reports concerning privacy and security issues. The responsible department expects your cooperation and collaboration. Identify a system for filing documents used for state and federally mandated reporting and strict fieldwork. Additionally, identify Investigation Process, Policy & Procedures within the Corporate Compliance Plan. You have been asked to assist with developing a tracking system, for privacy and security concerns. 20 Points
HIPAA & Security Contingency Plan Documents:
a) Security Contingency Plan – Completed in Unit 3, Week 6
b) Example Policy for Breach Investigations (find one – don’t create) – New
a. You don’t have to create this but rather find an example of a policy online to include
c) Creation of an Electronic Breach Tracking Process – New
a. You should create an electronic tool that will let you track breach investigations and outcomes.
b. This tool should be able to be used to determine trends or issues in the organization. Recommendation is to complete using Microsoft Excel.
Please see attached supporting documents below for this assignment;
I will upload the pictures of the discussions down below. I need two replies for two students answers. I will upload them when you are done with the discussion.
In the previous Discussion Board assignment, you were working with a hiring manager to assist in collecting particular data for a job analysis. You will now create a detailed job description to attract qualified candidates for several customer service representative positions. Research and create a PowerPoint presentation of at least 4 slides (with 200-250 words of speaker notes per slide) plus title and reference slide that addresses the following:
explanation of strategies that you might use to define, prioritize, and meet short-term goals (1–4 years) for the organization Include how the goals would support flexibility in an ever-evolving world. Then with a futurist context in mind, explain strategies that you might use to define, prioritize, and meet your organization’s long-term goals (15–20 years).
Think about a scenario when you would use an expression and an equation in a real life application. Discuss each scenario and explain how to write the expression and equation. What is the difference between both of them?
Create two sample equations for your peers to solve. Return to the discussion to check your peers’ understanding and offer help as needed. Be sure to post the answers at the close of the module.
250 words.
Social class can be divided in several ways. Write a 500 or more word essay answering the following questions. You should use the book as a reference.
Be sure to include in-text citations and include the book as a reference.
Benokraitis, N. V. (2017). SOC: Introduction to sociology, (5th ed.). Boston, MA:Cengage Learning.
ISBN: 9781305660625
Reading: The Late Mattia Pascal, Chapters X-XVI
Discussion: Discuss how Mattia Pascal has transformed himself into Adriano Meis through physical, mental, and social transformations. In your opinion, is he successful?
this should be no less then 200 words.
please take time little bit early to go over the reading becase it is little bit long
//==========================================
this work is two part… the first one is the one that you will do which is the main post.
the other part is commenting on other student post. (i will share that with you once student post their main post. don’t worry about it,,, this part should be so easy 🙂 )
Please read the peers discussions and respond to them APA format with reference
Discussion 1
Nurse Managers and Leaders play a vital role in the reengineering of health care. Advocating for legislation to ensure the safety of the work environment and for procedures which enhance patient care and outcomes is important in reengineering health care. A manager and a nurse leader also needs to ensure that staff are practicing with in their scope of responsibilities , which requires updating unit polices/procedures and requiring continuing education to ensure nurses are performing their duties that in line with updated guidelines . Additionally, w hen change is needed, it’s the responsibility of managers/leaders to ensure changes are implemented within a reasonable amount of time. Change that takes place in too rapid a period may create too much anxiety and allow for numerous errors. Some of the ways Nurse Managers reenginer the health care system is by using ethical and professional decision making to protect the rights of patients and employees. They also ensure a legal environment. Nurse managers should keep up with the legal aspects in health care. This is very important because being legally knowledgable protects patients, employees and the organization as a whole. Nurse managers need to be cognizant of the environment in which they function in order to anticipate the need for change.
References
Huber, D. (2014). Leadership and Nursing Care Management, 5th Edition. [ Pageburstl ]. Retrieved from https://pageburstls.elsevier.com/#/books/978145574…
Discussion 2
In the reengineering of healthcare, the nurse manger is
responsible for creating safe, healthy environments that support the work of
the health care team and contribute to patient engagement. The role is
influential in creating a professional environment and fostering a culture
where interdisciplinary team members are able to contribute to optimal patient
outcomes and grow professionally,†the American Organization of Nurse
Executives said.
Nurse managers need strong communication and leadership
skills. They should be adept at coordinating resources and personnel and
meeting goals and objectives. They must be effective leaders who can strike a
balance between working with the nursing staff and the healthcare facility
administrators.
The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, a branch of
the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, said nurse managers are
change agents. They work with staff to find and implement useful changes to
improve patient wellness and safety outcomes. Nurse managers also implement
regulatory guidelines for patient safety set by state and federal agencies,
such as the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Joint
Commission, and Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. They have to make
sure the staff is educated on care standards and can implement them as needed.
Reference:
The Roles of a Nurse Manager: Leading the nursing profession
into the future. (2017, May 24). Retrieved from
https://onlinenursing.duq.edu/blog/roles-nurse-man…
Discussion 3
In this era of modern technology, the health care organizations and hospitals have started adopting the innovative and creative management strategies in order to improve the health care processes with the support of the leaders or managers (Birken et al.). The business activities in hospitals are affected by a large number of internal and external factors. The hospitals are currently evaluating the trends in the health care environment as the external factor come to bear in luxuries. The role of a nurse manager or leader in health care involves the care of both internal and external factors. It is a tough position as the nurse leader plays a significant role in keeping the health management processes in motion. The nurse manager unites the health care team in order to provide well centered and reengineered health care services to the patients.
There are many characteristics that allow the nurse leaders to play a significant role in the reengineering of health care. One of the characteristics is the ethical decision making which means that the nurse managers should use the ethical and legal professional codes in order to implement policies and take care of the rights of the patients and employees working the health care areas. Also, the nurse leaders or manager should keep the legal aspects up to date in the field of health care. It involves reinforcing laws and legislation as required in the health care system. It is very vital in health care as being legally aware assists in protecting patients, employees and organizations.
Apart from the ethical decision making and legislation, the advocacy also plays an important role in nursing management and staff. Many times the nursing roles find themselves in a position to advocate for others which can involve providing other people with the information and data which strengthens them to make their own decisions and acting in the place of another person who cannot advocate for their own. The advocacy is based on decision making rather than making decision for others. In addition to this, changing management is an important aspect related to the role of nurses in reengineering of health care. In this era, change happens very quickly as compared to the old days. Sometimes it happens so quickly that it becomes difficult to analyze the series of changes i.e. which change has finished and which change has begun. The nurse leaders analyze the need for a change, create opportunities and a shared vision, communicate and involve people, develop structures that support the change and reinforce the change (Kodama, and Fukahori). The leaders also solve the conflicts and crisis that may occur in the successful implementation of the required change.
Leaders play a significant role in shaping up the organization culture and satisfy the customers in association with the latest advancements in the required field. The nurse manager or leaders are required to learn and adapt the new technologies continuously in order to play a vital role in the reengineering of health care. It improves the quality management processes of the internal environment of the organizations which ultimately becomes a strong point. Thus, the outcomes should be analyzed and evaluated clearly in order to improve the workflows and the business procedures that take place inside a health care organization.
Work Cited
Birken, Sarah A et al. “Uncovering Middle Managers’ Role In Healthcare Innovation Implementation”. Implementation Science, vol 7, no. 1, 2012. Springer Nature, doi:10.1186/1748-5908-7-28. Accessed 28 June 2018.
Kodama, Yoshimi, and Hiroki Fukahori. “Nurse Managers’ Attributes To Promote Change In Their Wards: A Qualitative Study”. Nursing Open, vol 4, no. 4, 2017, pp. 209-217. Wiley, doi:10.1002/nop2.87. Accessed 28 June 2018.
Discussion 4
The role of a nurse manager is a tough position. As a leader you play a vital part in advancing and keeping the healthcare system in motion. The nurse manager initiates & unites the health care team to deliver a patient centered, well engineered health care system. According to Grand Canyon University (????) there are several characteristics/scenarios that allow the nurse manager to play a vital role in reengineering the health care system:
Ethical decision making-Nurse managers use both ethical and professional codes to protect the rights of patients and employees. Managers take in account ethical and professional codes when making decisions.
Legal environment-Nurse managers should keep up to date with the legal aspects in health are. This is important because being legally knowledgeable protects patients, staff members and organizations.
Advocating-Nurse managers play a vital role in advancing for patients and staff. There are situations in which the nurse manager needs to step in and advocate for patients and staff.
Change-Managers and leaders help initiate change in the fast paced world of healthcare. They find new approaches in healthcare based on evidence based practice to allow the hospital to administer the best quality of care.
Conflict resolution-In situations in which there is conflict between team members, patients or even managers, leaders step in to advocate and defuse the situation. This allows for a safe work place environment for staff and patients.
Communication during high stress-Leaders prepare team members for crisis situations. Through providing information, teamwork and preparation. For example, during a disaster, leaders guide team members to appropriate stations and keep staff calm and proactive.
Reference
Grand Canyon University (NRS-451V Lecture 5. Retrieved July 1, 2018 from https://lc-ugrad3.gcu.edu/learningPlatform/user/users.html?operation=home&token=D9MGLcmh277D%2bRsjON6WUcn%2bTpW%2bj%2fwGDgWfsc4QZ%2bpV3H0m%2fZ9CAo%2f7JJkoBVre&classId=2146760#/learningPlatform/loudBooks/loudbooks.html?currentTopicname=Organizational%20Culture%20and%20Values&viewPage=past&operation=innerPage&topicMaterialId=ec0ec62b-fc64-4116-8c49-ef1b90d4d739&contentId=e0dbfc00-b214-4c77-85d5-9f299b901e72&
Birken, S., Lee, S., Weiner, B. (2012, April) 3 Uncovering middle managers’ role in healthcare innovation implementation. Retrieved July 1, 2018 from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC33724…
Discussion 5
Nurse managers and leaders are not receiving enough attention in health services research, yet they play a crucial role in healthcare re-engineering and implementation of health care policies. They are involved in revising and changing organizational structures and redesigning of the functioning systems in place. The primary focus in making a change is to analyze the outcome of patient care from the consumers perspective and maximize productivity through proper alteration of established systems (Huber, 2013). Nurse leaders and managers focus on methods that would enhance patient-centered care, teamwork, and collaboration, evidence-based practice. They would use their background and current evidence-based research to improve patient outcome.
System failures are the root-cause of higher mortality rates and efforts should be made to address these issues. In an interview, Jim Collins, a professional business analyst, explains how institutions fall from excellent performance to good to mediocre to dangerous and even disastrous. He uses an analogy of the early stages of diseases to describe how organizations look healthy on the outside but are falling apart on the inside. (Cone, 2002) The chief problem with these issues is that most institutions are in denial of their systemic weakness that contributes to medical errors. It is the responsibility of nurse managers and leaders to bring these systemic issues to the organization and find solutions that would optimize the delivery of adequate patient care. Furthermore, nurse leaders should fully understand their scope of practice and create autonomous roles that would impact and change the health care system.
Reference:
Cone, J. (2002). Built to be great: T+D talks with Jim Collins about what it takes to go from good to great. T+D, (8). 22.
Huber, D. (10/2013). Leadership and Nursing Care Management, 5th Edition [VitalSource Bookshelf version]. Retrieved from https://bookshelf.vitalsource.com/books/9781455740…
Discussion 6
The role that the nurse manager or leader plays in the reengineering of health care is that they help organizations reorder priorities, help provide more cost-effective care, and increase value to patients. Reengineering assists in redesigning administrative functions, clinical services, and caregiving programs to improve health status (Edens, 2005). Reengineering is a necessary skill of health care organizations if they want to succeed in the future.
As changes in nursing occur continuously, negotiation skills of leaders and managers are needed to handle downsizing, mergers and restructuring. Nurse leaders and manager need to anticipate and be ready for change.
Edens, P., (2005). Workplace Reengineering, Reorganization, and Redesign. Retrieved July 1, 2018, from http://www.medscape.com/perspective/medscapecritic…
My Information will be Underlined as information for you to include.
Cultural Interview Reflection Paper
Background: As the world continues to become more multicultural and diverse, you as a
professional in human services or another field will find yourself interacting with individuals
who differ from you in many significant ways. This diversity brings with it many great benefits,
but it can also impact communication and relationships in unexpected ways.
Consider if you as a HMSV professional have to provide in-home services to a family that has
recently immigrated to the U.S. from another country. How might this diversity impact
expectations, communications and relationships of all involved? What information related to
their culture might be helpful to have prior to engaging with them?
Purpose: Therefore, this project focuses on exploring and learning about cultural differences in
interpersonal relations and communication. One way to safely experience and identify
differences is through interviewing a person from a culture significantly different from your
own.
Overview: You are required to conduct an interview with an individual that is culturally
different from yourself in several major ways and highlight and reflect upon your learning in
this paper. Your written explanation, description, and reflections will point out the similarities
and differences you found between your culture and your interviewee’s, as well as barriers and
bridges that might impact relationships between people from your culture and individuals from
his or her culture.
Specific Requirements: The person interviewed must differ from you in at least two
significant ways (culture, religion, country of origin, etc.). Think of the paper as consisting of
two sections, the first, is about your interviewee and the information gained. The second part
allows you to explore aspects of the culture that you found interesting and important, and how
you might advocate for, as well as remove barriers and build bridges, to enhance relationships
with individuals similar to those of your interviewee’s culture. Your written explanation,
description, and reflection must point out the similarities and differences you found between
cultures. I chose my friend since childhood Nikta Tadayoni. She was born in Tehran, Iran and moved here as a baby. She is both an american citizen and and Iranian citizen. The two cultural diffferences I focused on were “Taarof”- meaning the manners of insisting on helping the other (research) AND also the customs surrounding physical contact in public with the opposite sex.
Steps:
4) In the Interview component of your paper (4 full pages), begin with an engaging
Introduction and then discuss the important aspects of the culture that were brought out in
the interview that might be likely to impact interpersonal relations. Also, consider how your
own background and experiences might compare and contrast with those of the individual
you interviewed. This section must be comprised of the summarized information obtained
from the interview, including:
2
• Name, description, personal background of the person interviewed, and how you
know him or her Nikta, born in Iranian but very American, met in middle school.
• Where this person has lived, and his or her family’s beliefs and values regarding
relationships, parenting, etc. Her single mother believes in a combination of both american and persian values, so does her brother who is older by 3 years.
• Interesting cultural facts in this person’s history (e.g., views regarding time,
power structures, health and healing, ceremonies and traditions, conflict,
spirituality and religion, nonverbal behaviors, etc.)
• Any experiences this person has had in adapting to new cultures
• Any legislation that has or might impact individuals within this cultural group
• A comparison of your own upbringing and personal experiences with the cultural
experiences of the individual interviewed I am very mainstream American and have only lived here.
5) In the Reflections section of your paper, (1 full page), create a plan incorporating strategies
that you could use to build bridges when faced with intercultural barriers with individuals
from your interviewee’s group. In your reflections, discuss the following within your plan:
• Cultural similarities and differences with the individual you interviewed that might
create either bridges or barriers in relating to others from his or her group.
• Strategies to overcome any potential barriers you might encounter with this person
or people from a similar culture that might affect interpersonal relations.
• Methods in which you might advocate and bring about greater acceptance for
individuals similar to your interviewee.
• Remember to end with a compelling Conclusion paragraph that describes what you
learned about yourself and others, both personally and professionally, from doing
this project.
Paper Structure:
• Requires a title page (and reference page if necessary), but no abstract. These must follow
APA style. No fancy colors or super fonts, etc. allowed.
• APA style includes a running head and use of college level grammar.
• If you are uncertain of how to create an APA Running Head search on YouTube for “how
to†videos similar to this:
• The body of the paper needs to be 5 full pages in length – this does NOT include the title
page, (and reference page, if any).
• APA standards include: font size of 12, Times New Roman, double spaced lines, single-sided
printed pages, margins set at 1 inch, and content headers used throughout the paper to
divide sections. Suggested headers are Introduction, Interview, Reflections, and
Conclusion.
• In the Introduction paragraph, introduce your interviewee, the culture, and some basic
details about the person including how you know them. This introductory paragraph
should set the stage for the aspects of the culture that you will be exploring within your
paper.
• The first part (4 FULL pages) (Introduction, Interview) of your paper should be a narrative
summary of the interview, where you paraphrase and summarize the discussion and
highlight the information you have obtained during the interview.
• The second part (1 FULL page) (Reflections, Conclusion) of your paper should be your plan
3
for building bridges to overcome barriers in interpersonal relations with individuals from
the interviewee’s cultural group, as well as what you have learned from the assignment.
• A strong Conclusion paragraph is expected to summarize and tie together what you learned
through doing the interview and developing your plan.
• Additional references are not required for this assignment. However, if you use material
from another source, each reference must be cited using appropriate APA style and
included in a separate reference section at the end of the paper. Also, please note that
direct quotes from your interviewee require an APA-style citation for personal
communication, and you must have at least one citation for personal communication in
your paper.
Let me know if you have questions. Quality and thoughtfulness is extremely important in this paper! 🙂
