HSA 535 FINAL EXAM PART 1
Question 1
Social epidemiology studies ____.
the effect of the environment on human health
the effect of community socioeconomic factors on health
lifestyle factors that may be associated with disease status
diseases that are acute and contagious
Question 2
One of the important concepts from the Nuremberg Code is that of ____, which means that the subject understands the scope of the study and can make an informed decision to participate.
informed consent
voluntary consent
beneficence
primary agent
Question 3
The first step in any epidemiological investigation is to ____.
understand causation
establish risk factors
track trends and determine if particular diseases are increasing or decreasing in the population
describe the population demographically by age, race, sex, education, and other relevant indicators
Question 4
While Austin Bradford Hill is well-known for his work in developing guidelines for establishing causality for studies of non-infectious diseases, his other contributions to the field of epidemiology and ____ are remarkable.
psychology
statistics
sociology
mathematics
Question 5
The modern epidemiologic triangle includes groups of populations, causative factors, and ____.
alternate explanations
risk factors
results
coherence
Question 6
The time between infection and clinical disease is referred to as a(n) ____.
a plausible period
temporal period
incubation period
latency period
Question 7
A table in epidemiology that arranges numbers to allow the comparison of exposure and outcome is called a ____ table.
proportion
contingency
specific
crude
Question 8
Prevalence equals ____.
incidence times duration of disease
incidence divided by duration of disease
incidence plus duration of disease
incidence divided by duration of disease times 100
Question 9
A person in the population or study group identified as having the particular disease, health disorder, or condition under investigation is known as a ____.
person time
case
suspect case
proportion
Question 10
The probability of death due to infectious disease in sub-Saharan Africa is ____%, but only ____% in developed countries, such as the United States.
22; 1.1
35; 10
66; 11
50; 22
Question 11
____ is the transmission of a disease from person to person, and may be directly from one person to another, or indirectly from one person through an intermediate item to another person.
Horizontal transmission
Vertical transmission
Quick transmission
Polar transmission
Question 12
____ is the transmission of a disease from mother to child during pregnancy or delivery.
Horizontal transmission
Vertical transmission
Lateral transmission
Polar transmission
Question 13
During 2008, the most recent year for which data are finalized, ____ food-borne disease outbreaks were reported.
340
1,034
2,340
10,300
Question 14
In a propagated epidemic with person to person transmission, control measures may include ____.
isolating the elderly from the young
treating the carriers and vaccinating the population at risk
developing an evacuation strategy
hiring more emergency doctors
Question 15
One of the most common errors in an outbreak investigation is the failure to ____.
utilize a strict case definition
call the WHO
accurately count cases
vaccinate the population
Question 16
Which first generation vaccine was introduced in 1935?
Rabies vaccine
Yellow Fever vaccine
Pertussis vaccine
Smallpox vaccine
Question 17
Which vaccine is linked to the greatest number of deaths each year?
DPT
MMR
hepatitis A
HIB
Question 18
Anthrax is caused by ____.
Bacillus anthracis
Bacillus hemolith
Anthracis virus
Anthracis fungi
Question 19
In 1988, research indicated that high levels of ____ cholesterol reduces the risk of death from cardiovascular disease.
PDL
LDL
fatty
HDL
Question 20
In 1970, cardiovascular research indicated that high blood pressure (hypertension) increased the risk of ____.
migraine headache
obesity
stroke
heart attack
Question 21
CVD is the leading cause of death in the United States for all but one ethnic group. Which one?
Whites
African Americans
Native Americans
Asian Americans
Question 22
The non-melanomatous are the ____ type of skin cancers.
most deadly
only
more benign
rarest
Question 23
Cancer in the ____ is the second most common cancer when considering men and women combined.
lung and bronchus
brain
colorectal
liver
Question 24
In what year did the National Cancer Institute and the National Human Genome Research Institute establish The Cancer Genome Atlas?
1999
2001
2005
2008
Question 25
Where is the incidence of Type 1 diabetes mellitus highest?
Venezuela .
Italy
U.S
Finland
Question 26
Metabolic syndrome is also known as ____.
insulin abundance syndrome
Syndrome X
Type 2 diabetes
CVD Syndrome
Question 27
Diabetes mellitus was the ____ leading cause of death in the United States in 2007.
second
fourth
seventh
tenth
Question 28
Cholera is an acute intestinal infection caused by ____ transmitted through contaminated water or food.
a parasite
fungus
a virus
bacteria
Question 29
Overall, what effect have MPOWER policy interventions had on tobacco use in the developing countries that have implemented them?
slightly reduced
significantly reduced
had no effect
slightly increased
Question 30
New HIV infections have declined by ____ globally from 2001–2009.
1%
5%
10%
17%