Persuasive Speech: Breastfeeding
International Journal of Pediatrics , Vol.2, N.4-1, Serial No.10, October 2014 339
Review Article
http:// ijp.mums.ac.ir
The Importance of Breastfeeding in Holy Quran
Saeed Bayyenat 1 , Seyed Amirhosein Ghazizade Hashemi
2 ,
Abbasali Purbafrani 3 , Masumeh Saeidi
4 , *Gholam Hasan Khodaee
5
1 Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology , Department of Anesthesiology, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences,
Tehran, Iran. 2 Assistant Professor of Otorhinolaryngology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
3 Medical Education, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran.
134 Students Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
5 Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Abstract
Breastfeeding is the ideal and most natural way of nurturing infants. The importance of breastfeeding has
been proved unequivocally, and the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) and World Health
Organization (WHO) have issued guidelines to ensure breastfeeding. More than 14 centuries is that in
Islamic teachings with the most comprehensive, most beautiful and most powerful motivation, is raised important points in the form of advice and education about breastfeeding. Included in Islam
recommended every mother to breastfeed her children up to the age of two years if the lactation period
was to be completed. Aware of these recommendations and the usage of them, will lead to the most efficient and effective incentives to promote breast-feeding.
Keywords: Breastfeeding, Quran, Infants.
Corresponding Author: Gholam Hasan Khodaee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Email: Khodaeegh@mums.ac.ir
Received date: Sep 26, 2014 ; Accepted date: Sep 27, 2014
Breastfeeding in Quran
International Journal of Pediatrics , Vol.2, N.4-1, Serial No.10, October 2014 340
Introduction
The History of Breastfeeding
1. Infants have been breast-fed since the beginning of humanity. Only since the
20th century have reasonable alternatives to
breastfeeding become available.
2. Alternatives to breastfeeding include:
a. Modified mammalian milk
(cow’s milk based formula became available
only in the 20th century).
b. Unmodified mammalian milk (such as
cows milk or goat milk) can cause metabolic
problems in the young infant.
c. Grain or legume based beverages
– soy milk based formula (only available
recently).
– other gruels based on carbohydrates are
usually low in fat and protein and do not
support adequate infant growth.
d. Wet nurse – a woman who nurses
another’s baby:
– many upper class women hired wet nurses
during various periods of history.
– infants orphaned due to maternal death
have been wet-nursed.
– women worked as wet nurses for pay.
3. Inability to keep non-human milk clean led to very high infant mortality rates
until the 20th century. This is still true in
many parts of the developing world.
Human breast milk is uniquely composed
to meet the needs of human infants
1. It has a high concentration of lactose (milk sugar). This is an excellent source of
carbohydrates.
2. There are 3 different categories of proteins in human milk: whey proteins,
casein proteins, and non-protein nitrogen.
The predominant type of protein in cows
milk is the casein protein (curds). The whey
proteins which are predominant in human
milk are much easier for infants to digest.
Human milk protein is 40% casein and 60%
whey compared to 80% casein and 20%
whey protein in cows’ milk.
3. Infants fed human milk tend to have stools that are less foul smelling and softer
than those of infants who are fed cow’s milk
or soymilk based formula. This is due to the
large number of Bifidobacterium and
Lactobacillus bacteria, and the resulting
lower PH in the gastrointestinal tract of
infants who are solely breast fed.
Constipation, defined as hard stools (not the
absence of a daily stool), does not occur in
healthy breast fed infants.
4. The composition of the milk of mothers who are breastfeeding varies during
the time of the day and during the feeding.
The hind milk (latter part of a breastfeeding)
has a much higher fat content than milk
produced during the beginning portion of the
feeding.
5. The odor and/or taste of breast milk may change depending on the mother’s diet.
This may help infants get used to different
tastes.
6. More information on nutritional factors in breast milk is found in the section
on Mature Milk Components (1-3).
Breastfeeding is the act of milk transference
from mother to baby (4) that is needed for
the survival and healthy growth of the baby
into an adult (5,6). Breastfeeding creates an
inimitable psychosocial bond between the
mother and baby (7,8), enhances modest
cognitive development (9) and it is the
underpinning of the infant’s wellbeing in the
first year of life (8,10) even into the second
year of life with appropriate complementary
foods from 6 months (11). Furthermore,
breastfeeding reduces the risk of neonatal
complications (15), respiratory and other
varieties of illnesses (13-16).
Bayyenat et al.
International Journal of Pediatrics , Vol.2, N.4-1, Serial No.10, October 2014 341
Based on anecdotal and empirical evidence
on the benefits of breastfeeding to the
mother and baby, the World Health
Organization (WHO) (11) has recommended
2 year breastfeeding; first 6 months
exclusive breastfeeding; more than 8 times
breastfeeding of the baby per day in the first
3 months of an infant’s life. The WHO and
the United Nations Children’s Fund
(UNICEF) global effort to implement
practices that protect, promote and support
breastfeeding through the Baby-Friendly
Hospital Initiative has recorded attendant
successes (17).
Results is shown that breastfeeding has
numerous benefits both for infants and
mothers. It provides all the nutrients that
infants need for healthy development and
protects children from common childhood
illnesses such as diarrhea, asthma, lower
respiratory infections, and ear infections.
Furthermore, it is positively associated with
children’s cognitive development.
Breastfeeding also benefits mothers by
lowering the risks of breast cancer, ovarian
cancer, and obesity, as well as by cutting
back on household expenses (18-23).
Breastfeeding in Eastern Mediterranean
Region
Infants should be exclusively breastfed for
the first six months of life to achieve optimal
growth, development and health. Thereafter,
to meet their evolving nutritional
requirements, infants should receive
nutritionally-adequate and safe
complementary foods while breastfeeding
continues for up to two years or beyond.
Special attention and practical support is
needed for feeding in exceptionally difficult
circumstances. WHO regional policy for
breastfeeding is to implement the Global
Strategy for Infant and Young Child Feeding
by protecting, promoting and supporting
breastfeeding and timely, adequate and safe
complementary feeding of infants and young
children. The circumstances where specific
recommendations apply include: infants less
than six months of age who are
malnourished, low birth-weight infants,
infants and children in emergencies, infants
born to HIV-positive women and children
living in special circumstances, such as
orphans and vulnerable children or infants
born to adolescent mothers. Many countries
in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region
report high rates (>60%) of early initiation
of breastfeeding of infants and more than
60% of infants continue to be breastfed at
one year. However, rates of exclusive
breastfeeding seem to have declined, with
only 40% or less of infants under six months
in countries of the Region being exclusively
breastfed.
Breastfeeding in European Region
The WHO European Region has one of the
lowest average proportions in the world of
children exclusively breastfed at 6 months of
age. Strong evidence shows that exclusive
breastfeeding is the natural and most
efficient method to ensure optimal child
growth and development. The theme of
World Breastfeeding Week (1–7 August
2013) is supporting mothers through peer
counselling. Although mothers may begin
well, breastfeeding rates decline sharply
over time. The proportion of children
exclusively breastfed at 3 months of age was
50% or less in 24 out of 36 countries in the
European Region that participated in
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International Journal of Pediatrics , Vol.2, N.4-1, Serial No.10, October 2014 342
national surveys in 2005–2010. Only in 1
country in the Region were more than 50%
of 6-month-olds exclusively breastfed.
Breastfeeding in Pacific Region
In the Western Pacific Region,
breastfeeding initiation within the first hour
of life is not yet optimal across several
countries. The rates in the following
countries are as follows: Samoa (88%),
Nauru (76%), Solomon Islands (75%),
Vanuatu (72%), the Marshall Islands (73%),
Mongolia (71%), Cambodia (65%), Fiji
(57%), the Philippines (54%), China (41%),
Viet Nam (40%), the Lao People’s
Democratic Republic (30%) and Tuvalu
(15%).
National surveys in 2005–2010. Only in 1
country in the Region were more than 50%
of 6-month-olds exclusively breastfed.
Breastfeeding in Pacific Region
In the Western Pacific Region,
breastfeeding initiation within the first hour
of life is not yet optimal across several
countries. The rates in the following
countries are as follows: Samoa (88%),
Nauru (76%), Solomon Islands (75%),
Vanuatu (72%), the Marshall Islands (73%),
Mongolia (71%), Cambodia (65%), Fiji
(57%), the Philippines (54%), China (41%),
Viet Nam (40%), the Lao People’s
Democratic Republic (30%) and Tuvalu
(15%).
Breastfeeding in Region of the Americas
The United Nations and governments set
eight Millennium Development Goals
(MDGs) to be reached by 2015. Protection,
promotion and support of exclusive and
continued breastfeeding can contribute to all
eight. The WHO recommends that infants
are exclusively breastfed for 6 months and
that breastfeeding continue with
complementary foods for 2 years or more.
However, in the Americas, practices are far
from optimal as well as highly variable.
Although virtually all babies initiate
breastfeeding at birth, the proportion less
than 6 months of age who are exclusively
breastfed ranges from a low of 7.7% to a
high of 68.3%. The median duration of
breastfeeding is equally variable, ranging
from a low of 6 months to a high of 21.7
months. Countries that have made tremen-
dous progress are starting to show evidence
of stagnation while in others no progress and
sometimes deterioration has been observed.
U.S National (%):
Ever Breastfed: 76.5;
Breastfeeding at 6 months: 49;
Breastfeeding at 12 months: 27;
Breastfeeding at 3 months: 37.7;
Exclusive Breastfeeding at 6 months: 16.4.
Breastfeeding in African Region
Breastfeeding has a lifelong impact on
health and survival of newborns, infants and
young children. Breast milk is the ideal food
for newborns and infants: it gives all the
nutrients they need and contains antibodies
that help protect them from common
childhood illnesses, such as diarrhoea and
pneumonia, two leading causes of mortality
in children under 5 years old in the African
Region. Proper infant and young child
feeding is key to improving child survival
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International Journal of Pediatrics , Vol.2, N.4-1, Serial No.10, October 2014 343
and promoting healthy growth and
development, thus contributing to the
attainment of Millennium Development
Goal 4 of reducing by two thirds, between
1990 and 2015, the under-five mortality rate.
WHO recommends that all infants should be
exclusively breastfed starting within one
hour of birth and for the first 6 months of
life. Exclusive breastfeeding, according to
the Innocenti Declaration, means that no
other drink or food is given to the infant.
Worldwide, the actual practice is low at
38%. after 6 months, nutritious
complementary foods should be added while
continuing to breastfeed for up to 2 years or
beyond. Globally, only about half of
children aged between 20 and 23 months are
still breastfed. Data from the African Health
Observatory shows that in the great majority
of countries of the African Region the rate
of children exclusively breastfed in the first
six months is quite low, with an average of
35% for the 2007-2012 period. WHO global
target is to increase exclusive breastfeeding
in the first 6 months to at least 50% by 2025.
Early initiation of breastfeeding in the
Region shows a similar trend (48%) between
2006 and 2011. The percentage of children
6–8 months introduced to solid, semi-solid
or soft foods is high, with a regional average
of 71% in 2011.
Breastfeeding in South-East Asia Region
Initiation of breastfeeding within one hour
of birth and exclusive breastfeeding for the
first six months of an infant’s life is a key
factor for the survival of a newborn.
Ensuring optimal breastfeeding depends on
the care and support a mother receives
during pregnancy, child birth and
immediately after delivery. Healthcare
providers play a critical role in assisting
mothers and their families to initiate and
promote breastfeeding and enable all infants
to reach the goal of survival, optimum
growth and development. In the Member
States of WHO’s South-East Asia Region an
estimated 51% of the infants are exclusively
breastfed, with a range varying from 15% to
85%. Sustained efforts are required to
enhance the breastfeeding rates further in the
countries. Nearly a million newborns die
every year in WHO’s South-East Asia
Region, many of whom can be saved by
early and exclusive breastfeeding. High
newborn mortality in this Region is one of
the reasons that the Millennium
Development Goal’s target of reducing child
mortality by two-thirds by 2015 is unlikely
to be achieved. In recognition of this
constraint, WHO promotes a package of
‘Essential Newborn Care Interventions’ that
includes breastfeeding as an important
component (24).
10 facts on breastfeeding
1.WHO recommends exclusive breastfeeding
for the first six months of life. At six months,
solid foods, such as mashed fruits and
vegetables, should be introduced to
complement breastfeeding for up to two
years or more. In addition:
breastfeeding should begin within
one hour of birth;
breastfeeding should be “on demand”,
as often as the child wants day and night; and
bottles or pacifiers should be avoided.
2. Breast milk is the ideal food for newborns
and infants. It gives infants all the nutrients
they need for healthy development. It is safe
and contains antibodies that help protect
infants from common childhood illnesses
such as diarrhoea and pneumonia, the two
primary causes of child mortality
worldwide. Breast milk is readily available
and affordable, which helps to ensure that
infants get adequate nutrition.
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International Journal of Pediatrics , Vol.2, N.4-1, Serial No.10, October 2014 344
3. Breastfeeding also benefits mothers.
Exclusive breastfeeding is associated with a
natural (though not fail-safe) method of birth
control (98% protection in the first six
months after birth). It reduces risks of breast
and ovarian cancer later in life, helps women
return to their pre-pregnancy weight faster,
and lowers rates of obesity.
4. Beyond the immediate benefits for
children, breastfeeding contributes to a
lifetime of good health. Adolescents and
adults who were breastfed as babies are less
likely to be overweight or obese. They are
less likely to have type-2 diabetes and
perform better in intelligence tests.
5. Infant formula does not contain the
antibodies found in breast milk. When infant
formula is not properly prepared, there are
risks arising from the use of unsafe water
and unsterilized equipment or the potential
presence of bacteria in powdered formula.
Malnutrition can result from over-diluting
formula to “stretch” supplies. While frequent
feeding maintains breast milk supply, if
formula is used but becomes unavailable, a
return to breastfeeding may not be an option
due to diminished breast milk production.
6. An the human immunodeficiency virus
(HIV-infected) mother can pass the infection
to her infant during pregnancy, delivery and
through breastfeeding. Antiretroviral (ARV)
drugs given to either the mother or HIV-
exposed infant reduces the risk of
transmission. Together, breastfeeding and
ARVs have the potential to significantly
improve infants’ chances of surviving while
remaining HIV uninfected. WHO
recommends that when HIV-infected
mothers breastfeed, they should receive
ARVs and follow WHO guidance for infant
feeding.
7. An international code to regulate the
marketing of breast-milk substitutes was
adopted in 1981. It calls for:
all formula labels and information to
state the benefits of breastfeeding and the
health risks of substitutes;
no promotion of breast-milk
substitutes;
no free samples of substitutes to be
given to pregnant women, mothers or their
families;
no distribution of free or subsidized
substitutes to health workers or facilities.
8. Breastfeeding has to be learned and
many women encounter difficulties at the
beginning. Nipple pain, and fear that there is
not enough milk to sustain the baby are
common. Health facilities that support
breastfeeding by making trained
breastfeeding counsellors available to new
mothers encourage higher rates of the
practice. To provide this support and
improve care for mothers and newborns,
there are “baby-friendly” facilities in about
152 countries thanks to the WHO-UNICEF
Baby-friendly Hospital initiative.
9. Many mothers who return to work
abandon breastfeeding partially or
completely because they do not have
sufficient time, or a place to breastfeed,
express and store their milk. Mothers need a
safe, clean and private place in or near their
workplace to continue breastfeeding.
Enabling conditions at work, such as paid
maternity leave, part-time work
arrangements, on-site crèches, facilities for
expressing and storing breast milk, and
breastfeeding breaks, can help.
10. To meet the growing needs of babies at
six months of age, mashed solid foods
should be introduced as a complement to
continued breastfeeding. Foods for the baby
can be specially prepared or modified from
family meals. WHO notes that:
breastfeeding should not be
decreased when starting on solids;
Bayyenat et al.
International Journal of Pediatrics , Vol.2, N.4-1, Serial No.10, October 2014 345
food should be given with a spoon or
cup, not in a bottle;
food should be clean, safe and
locally available; and
ample time is needed for young
children to learn to eat solid foods (24-27).
Results
More than 14 centuries ago, before any
medical knowledge on health values and the
benefits of breastfeeding was available, Islam
recommended every mother to breastfed her
children up to the age of two years if the
lactation period was to be completed.
Breastfeeding is very clearly encouraged in
the Quran and breast feeding by the mother
to her new born infant is greatly beneficial as
science had proven, and it is mandatory in the
Quran. Allah Almighty Commanded the
mother to breast feed her child for two full
years:
“The mothers shall give such to their
offspring for two whole years, if the father
desires to complete the term. But he shall
bear the cost of their food and clothing on
equitable terms. No soul shall have a burden
laid on it greater than it can bear. No mother
shall be treated unfairly on account of her
child. Nor father on account of his child, an
heir shall be chargeable in the same way. If
they both decide on weaning, by mutual
consent, and after due consultation, there is
no blame on them. If ye decide on a foster-
mother for your offspring, there is no blame
on you, provided ye pay (the mother) what ye
offered, on equitable terms. But fear God and
know that God sees well what ye do” (28).
“And We have commended unto man
kindness toward parents. His mother beareth
him with reluctance, and bringeth him forth
with reluctance, and the bearing of him and
the weaning of him is thirty months, till,
when he attaineth full strength and reacheth
forty years, he saith: My Lord! Arouse me
that I may give thanks for the favour
wherewith Thou hast favoured me and my
parents, and that I may do right acceptable
unto Thee. And be gracious unto me in the
matter of my seed. Lo! I have turned unto
Thee repentant, and lo! I am of those who
surrender (unto Thee)” (29).
“And We have enjoined upon man
concerning his partners – His mother beareth
him in weakness upon weakness, and his
weaning is in two years – Give thanks unto
Me and unto thy parents. Unto Me is the
journeying” (30).
“Forbidden unto you are your mothers, and
your daughters, and your sisters, and your
father’s sisters, and your mother’s sisters,
and your brother’s daughters and your
sister’s daughters, and your foster-mothers,
and your foster-sisters, and your mothers-in-
law, and your step-daughters who are under
your protection (born) of your women unto
whom ye have gone in – but if ye have not
gone in unto them, then it is no sin for you
(to marry their daughters) – and the wives of
your sons who (spring) from your own loins.
And (it is forbidden unto you) that ye should
have two sisters together, except what hath
already happened (of that nature) in the past.
Lo! Allah is ever Forgiving, Merciful. (This
verse refers to foster the relationship)” (31).
“Lodge them where ye dwell, according to
your wealth, and harass them not so as to
straiten life for them. And if they are with
child, then spend for them till they bring
forth their burden. Then, if they give suck
for you, give them their due payment and
consult together in kindness; but if ye make
difficulties for one another, then let some
other woman give suck for him (the father of
the child)” (32).
Breastfeeding in Quran
International Journal of Pediatrics , Vol.2, N.4-1, Serial No.10, October 2014 346
“On the day when ye behold it, every
nursing mother will forget her nursling and
every pregnant one will be delivered of her
burden, and thou (Muhammad) wilt see
mankind as drunken, yet they will not be
drunken, but the Doom of Allah will be
strong (upon them)” (33).
“And We inspired the mother of Moses,
saying: Suckle him and, when thou fearest
for him, then cast him into the river and fear
not nor grieve. Lo! We shall bring him back
unto thee and shall make him (one) of Our
messengers” (34).
“And We had before forbidden foster-
mothers for him, so she said: Shall I show
you a household who will rear him for you
and take care of him?” (35).
Conclusion
Breastfeeding is the ideal and most
natural way of nurturing infants. The
importance of breastfeeding has been proved
unequivocally, and UNICEF and WHO have
issued guidelines to ensure breastfeeding.
Breastfeeding is very clearly encouraged in
the Quran. Breast feeding had been proven
to be extremely important to the infant’s
health and body growth. It is so amazing
that Allah Almighty’s Divine Claims in the
Noble Quran are always scientifically
proven to be accurate and Greatly beneficial
to humanity. It is now very evident why
breastfeeding is to be done for two complete
years, as illustrated in the Quran. Modern
science has further highlighted the
miraculous recommendation of the Quran
regarding this matter, that was revealed
more than one thousand four hundred years
ago. Allaah The Almighty Says (what
means): “We will show them Our signs in
the horizons and within themselves until it
becomes clear to them that it is the truth. But
is it not sufficient concerning your Lord that
He is, over all things, a Witness?” (36).
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