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1-What guides the selection of appropriate econometric models in studies of interactions between environmental and economic variables? Specifically discuss the economic situation, theory, identified needs and application of models to address the problem?

The selection of appropriate econometric models in studies of interactions between environmental and economic variables are guided by the need to find the financial impacts of the environmental policies and the effects on the economy theory and empirical effects. The climate models project possible future climate shifts under the conditions of the specific scenarios. These models are run multiple times using various scenarios of future conditions, such as population levels and anticipated emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) or other greenhouse gases. Each GCM is distinct and has a different sensitivity to greenhouse gas emissions. This range, taken as a whole, is essential to researchers for providing a sense of the uncertainty surrounding possible future events given a particular scenario and period. To capture this range and make use of the complement of projections ensembles of multiple global climate model simulations often used.

Models are fundamental tools for studying the potential impacts of climate change, including changes in temperature, precipitation, and sea level. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Climate Prediction Center defines a climate model as a “mathematical model for quantitatively describing, simulating, and analyzing the interactions between the atmosphere and underlying surface (e.g., ocean, land, and ice)” (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2017). A Global Climate Model (GCM) combines a series of models of the Earth’s atmosphere, oceans, and land surface. GCMs, divide the earth into many layers and thousands of three dimensional gridded spaces (National Aeronautics Space Administration, n.d). These models are skilled at replicating past and current climate. For example, GCMs accurately reproduce observed temporal warming trends, sea ice dynamics, and extreme weather events.

The Economic situation

Is regarding the odor, taste and overall quality of the tap water in my town and county, because this is attached to the health of my family and thousands of other households. The fatbergs are the consequence of the fry oils disposition (Chugthai & Zayed, 2008), if we are not aware of that situation we can be part of the problem pouring the greases and fry oil over the sewers, that creates a big mass of “soap” but not the one that would be nice, but the one that clogged our sewers and creates backups that could be affecting our own houses. Alternatively, to reducing the release into the sewer, fry oil can be recycled to produce bio-diesel and energy (Lee et al., 2017).

Theory Identified

The testable hypothesis states that the amount of fry oil accumulated in the sewers in the form of fatbergs increases with the amount of fry oil released into the sewers and decreases with the amount of fry oil recycled to produce bio-diesel and energy.

Needs and application of Models to resolve the problem

The dependent variable is the amount of fat accumulated in the sewers; the independent variables are the amount of fry oil released into the sewers and the amount of fry oil recycled to produce biodiesel. If is not fry oil, is not possible to make bio-diesel from that used oil.

The statistical techniques used in the project involve univariate and multivariate regression methods. These techniques will help determine whether or not there is any relationship between the amounts of fry oil.

2-Briefly describes data collection technique for analyzing markets, stated preferences and revealed preferences technique:

This research will comprise of various types of data. For example, the researcher must collect the theoretical information about the possible history of the recycling of cooking oils in the region and also the past experiences of the population in making their biodiesel products. The second type of data to consider in the research includes the statistical data obtained from both the experiments as well as questionnaires.

Sample Questions

These questions represent a small portion of the entire data collection stage that seeks to collect the necessary information directly from the target population. The use of these strategies comes as a result of the fact that I; the researcher may not get the underlying information easily.

Survey Questions

Have you ever recycled your cooking oil after the ordinary use?

After the recycling process (If Yes) how did you dispose of it?

Do you see other people recycling their oil? (Extra question)

Have you ever used biodiesel? (Extra question)

State or country.

State your occupation and education level?

References

Chughtai, F., & Zayed, T. (2008). Infrastructure Condition Prediction Models for Sustainable Sewer Pipelines. Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities, 22(5), 333-341. doi:10.1061/(asce)0887-3828(2008)22:5(333)

Lee, J., Jung, J. M., Park, C., Jeon, B. H., Wang, C. H., Lee, S. R., & Kwon, E. E. (2017). Rapid conversion of fat, oil, and grease (FOG) into biodiesel without pre-treatment of FOG. Journal of Cleaner Production, 168, 1211-1216.

 

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