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Essay Outline
NOTE: This paper integrates material and ideological conditions. Be sure to balance the two in your paper. Avoid the mistake of placing more emphasis on material conditions simply because they involve three authors. It may help to think of the paper as 40% on ideological conditions.
Material Conditions: Polanyi refers to the emergence of market society as “the great transformation”(Polanyi, Kit #16). Discuss what characterizes market society and show why this transformation is so significant. Include a few points about how market society differs from the structures of previous social organizations in order to stress the importance of this development (Heilbroner, Kit #15 and Polanyi, Kit#16). Also, present some of the changes that take place in the workplace (Rinehart, Kit #17).
Ideological Conditions: Describe the worldview of people in market society according to Weber. Discuss this in terms of the connection between the “Protestant work ethic” and the “spirit of capitalism” (Weber summarized by Bendix, Kit #18).Explain the importance of these ideological conditions for the emergence of market society.
Conclude by summarizing why the shift to market society is a fundamental transformation. Include both material and ideological conditions in this conclusion.
Points
SOSC1140 9.0: SELF, CULTURE AND SOCIETY LECTURE 12
THE ECONOMIC PROBLEM – KIT #15 THE ECONOMIC PROBLEM [Review: See Notes From Last Lecture Of First Term]
“[T]he economic problem is simply the process of providing for the material well-being of society” (Heilbroner 1).
The Division of Labour The Myth of Scarcity Production Mobilizing Effort Allocating Effort Distribution Distributing Output
THREE SOLUTIONS TO THE ECONOMIC PROBLEM
TRADITION PROBLEMS IN TRADITION
COMMAND PROBLEMS IN COMMAND MARKET PROBLEMS IN THE MARKET SOLUTION
** EXPLAINING THE MARKET TO TRADITIONAL PEOPLES !! **
MARKET SOCIETY – KIT #16
Previous Modes of Economic Organization (Polanyi)
Reciprocity, Gift-Giving and Redistribution
Symmetry and Centricity
Householding
MARKET ECONOMY
SELF-REGULATION “A market economy is an economic system controlled, regulated, and directed by markets alone; order in the production and distribution of good is entrusted to this self-regulating mechanism” (Polanyi 68). “Market economy implies a self-regulating system of markets… it is an economy directed by market prices and nothing but market prices” (43).
“ECONOMIC MAN” The Three Fictitious Commodities
Labour ⇒ Wages Land ⇒ Rent Money ⇒ Interest
MARKET SOCIETY
The “Economic” Becomes Primary
Shift in Relations Between Economy and Social Relations
SOSC1140 9.0: SELF, CULTURE AND SOCIETY LECTURE 13.1
DEVELOPMENT OF INDUSTRIAL CAPITALISM (REINHART – KIT #17)
A. PRE-INDUSTRIAL Independent Production Diverse Talents; Skilled Labour Undifferentiated Work – Minimal Division of Labour Control of Workplace by Most Skilled Artisan Widespread and Shared Ownership Task-oriented
Mercantilism Arises Organization of Production by Intermediary Centralization of Ownership Systematic Production of Wealth
B. EMERGENCE OF INDUSTRIAL CAPITALISM: Video: Clockwork – 25 min. 1. FACTORY SYSTEM Structure Labour-Saving Machinery Division of Labour: Specialization De-Skilling of Labour Gender Change In “Human Nature” Automation 2. CONCENTRATION OF PRODUCTION AND SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT Taylor (Taylorism) Clock-time Division Between Mental and Manual Work Separation of Management and Labour Simplification of Tasks Goal of Efficiency Ford Mass Production (Fordism) Assembly Line 3. TIME How Changes in the Workplace Affect Time: Work–Leisure—Free What is FREE TIME?
Next Week Read: Bendix (Weber). “Aspects of Economic Rationality in the West.” Theme: Economic Rationality: the ideological conditions that give rise to market society
SOSC1140: SELF, CULTURE AND SOCIETY
MATERIAL AND IDEOLOGICAL CONDITIONS
MATERIAL CONDITIONS ↑ IDEOLOGICAL CONDITIONS ↓
3rd IDEAS & BELIEF SYSTEMS → TRUTH → JUSTICE → PREDESTINATION → ECONOMIC RATIONALITY → [OTHER EXAMPLES] ↑ 2nd SOCIAL RELATIONS → ECONOMIC RELATIONS → MARKET RELATIONS → [ECONOMIC ORDER] ↑ 1st *PRODUCTION & EXCHANGE* → CONDITIONS AND ACTION
1st *IDEAS & BELIEF SYSTEMS* → TRUTH → JUSTICE → PREDESTINATION → ECONOMIC RATIONALITY → [OTHER EXAMPLES] ↓ 2nd INDIVIDUALISM → IDENTITY RELATIONS → PSYCHOLOGY → [WORLDVIEW] ↓ 3rd PROTESTANT WORK ETHIC → VALUES AND ACTION
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