Comprehensive Security Control Frameworks
Comprehensive Security Control Frameworks
(Comprehensive Security Control Frameworks)
Security Control Frameworks.
When performing a gap analysis, one must have an understanding of the desired future or “to be” state. For cybersecurity focused gap analyses, we frequently use IT security controls as the framework for describing the “to be” (or “should be”) state. There are a variety of guidance documents which list and define sets of security controls.
If you look at multiple sources, e.g. NIST, SANS, CSIS, you will see that IT controls come in a variety of “flavors”. Some sources use the People, Process, and Technology scheme to organize and define controls. Other sources define controls (safeguards) in terms of the phases of information security to which they apply (e.g, Preventive controls, Detective controls, Deterrent controls, Corrective controls (used in the Response or remediation phases)). A third framework which you used in earlier courses (CSIA 413) is “administrative or managerial, operational, and technical” controls.
Research and select a control grouping framework then populate the framework with some examples of the actual controls. Provide your rational as to why you selected your framework and identify an industry or industry vertical to which your framework is most applicable.
Security Control Frameworks.
People, Process, and Technology Framework for IT Security Controls
1. People Controls (Human Factors)
These controls focus on the human element of security, which is often the most vulnerable aspect of any organization. People controls typically address training, awareness, and access management.
Examples:
- Security Awareness Training: Ensures employees are educated on the latest security threats and safe practices.
- Role-Based Access Control (RBAC): Limits access to sensitive information based on an employee’s role in the organization.
- Background Checks and Security Clearances: Ensures that only trustworthy individuals have access to critical systems and information.
Rationale for Selection:
- Human error or insider threats are major causes of security incidents. People controls directly address this by improving awareness and establishing proper access measures.
2. Process Controls (Procedures and Protocols)
These controls focus on the processes, procedures, and governance that guide the organization’s cybersecurity posture. They are important for ensuring consistency and compliance across all operations.
Examples:
- Incident Response Plan (IRP): A predefined plan that outlines how to detect, respond to, and recover from cybersecurity incidents.
- Change Management Protocols: Controls that ensure all changes to systems or software are properly documented, tested, and approved to prevent unauthorized changes.
- Data Classification and Handling Procedures: Guidelines for labeling, storing, and disposing of data based on its sensitivity.
Rationale for Selection:
- Well-documented processes reduce the chances of errors and ensure that responses to threats or incidents are standardized and effective.
3. Technology Controls (Technical Safeguards)
These are the technical measures used to protect the organization’s IT infrastructure, data, and communications.
Examples:
- Firewalls and Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS): Protects networks from external threats by blocking unauthorized access and detecting malicious activities.
- Encryption: Ensures that sensitive data is protected both in transit and at rest, preventing unauthorized access even if the data is intercepted.
- Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA): Requires users to provide multiple forms of verification before gaining access to critical systems, adding an extra layer of security.
Rationale for Selection:
- Technology controls are essential for protecting the organization’s infrastructure and data, particularly as threats continue to evolve.
Why This Framework Was Chosen
The People, Process, and Technology framework is widely recognized for its balanced approach to cybersecurity. It emphasizes that securing an organization requires more than just technical solutions—it also involves building a security-conscious culture (People) and implementing robust procedures (Process) to manage risk effectively. This makes it ideal for organizations seeking to build a comprehensive, multi-layered security posture.
Industry Application: Financial Services
I selected the Financial Services industry as the vertical most applicable to this framework. Financial institutions handle large volumes of sensitive information, making them prime targets for cyberattacks. Therefore, they must implement stringent cybersecurity measures across all three domains.
Rationale:
- People: Employees in the financial services industry are often the first line of defense against threats. Ensuring staff is well-trained in recognizing phishing attacks or handling confidential information is essential.
- Process: Financial institutions must follow strict regulatory frameworks (such as PCI DSS, GDPR, and SOX) that require thorough and consistent security processes.
- Technology: Advanced technical controls, including encryption and multi-factor authentication, are crucial in protecting sensitive customer data and financial transactions.
By applying the People, Process, and Technology framework in the financial services industry, organizations can create a robust, integrated cybersecurity strategy that aligns with both regulatory requirements and operational needs.
