Introduction To Management Science, 10e Chapter 3 Linear Programming: Computer Solution And Sensitivity Analysis

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Introduction To Management Science, 10e Chapter 3 Linear Programming: Computer Solution And Sensitivity Analysis

Introduction to Management Science, 10e (Taylor)

 

Chapter 3 Linear Programming: Computer Solution and Sensitivity Analysis

 

 

 

1) The reduced cost (shadow price) for a positive decision variable is 0.

 

 

 

2) When the right-hand sides of 2 constraints are both increased by 1 unit, the value of the objective function will be adjusted by the sum of the constraints’ prices.

 

 

 

3) When a linear programming problem is solved using a computer package decision variables will always be integer and therefore decision variable values never need to be rounded.

 

 

 

4) Sensitivity ranges can be computed only for the right hand sides of constraints.

 

 

 

5) Sensitivity analysis determines how a change in a parameter affects the optimal solution.

 

 

 

6) The sensitivity range for an objective function coefficient is the range of values over which the current optimal solution point (product mix) will remain optimal.

 

 

 

7) The sensitivity range for an objective function coefficient is the range of values over which the profit does not change.

 

 

 

8) The sensitivity range for a constraint quantity value is the range over which the shadow price is valid.

 

 

 

9) If we change the constraint quantity to a value outside the sensitivity range for that constraint quantity, the shadow price will change.

 

 

 

10) The sensitivity range for a constraint quantity value is the range over which the optimal values of the decision variables do not change.

 

 

 

11) Linear programming problems are restricted to decisions in a single time period.

 

Answer: FALSE

 

 

 

12) A maximization problem may be characterized by all greater than or equal to constraints.

 

 

 

13) A change in the value of an objective function coefficient will always change the value of the optimal solution.

 

 

 

14) The terms reduced cost, shadow price, and dual price all mean the same thing.

 

 

 

15) Sensitivity analysis can be used to determine the effect on the solution for changing several parameters at once.

 

 

 

16) For a profit maximization problem, if the allowable increase for a coefficient in the objective function is infinite, then profits are unbounded.

 

 

 

17) The reduced cost (shadow price) for a positive decision variable is __________.

 

 

 

18) The sensitivity range for a __________ is the range of values over which the quantity values can change without changing the shadow price

 

 

 

19) __________ is the analysis of the effect of parameter changes on the optimal solution.

 

 

 

20) The sensitivity range for a constraint quantity value is also the range over which the __________ is valid.

 

 

 

21) The sensitivity range for an __________ coefficient is the range of values over which the current optimal solution point (product mix) will remain optimal.

 

 

 

Consider the following linear program, which maximizes profit for two products, regular (R), and super (S):

 

 

 

MAX 50R + 75S

 

s.t.

 

1.2R + 1.6 S ≤ 600 assembly (hours)

 

0.8R + 0.5 S ≤ 300 paint (hours)

 

.16R + 0.4 S ≤ 100 inspection (hours)

 

 

 

Sensitivity Report:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Final

Reduced

Objective

Allowable

Allowable

Cell

Name

Value

Cost

Coefficient

Increase

Decrease

$B$7

Regular =

291.67

0.00

50

70

20

$C$7

Super =

133.33

0.00

75

50

43.75

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Final

Shadow

Constraint

Allowable

Allowable

Cell

Name

Value

Price

R.H. Side

Increase

Decrease

$E$3

Assembly (hr/unit)

563.33

0.00

600

1E+30

36.67

$E$4

Paint (hr/unit)

300.00

33.33

300

39.29

175

$E$5

Inspect (hr/unit)

100.00

145.83

100

12.94

40

 

 

 

22) The optimal number of regular products to produce is __________, and the optimal number of super products to produce is __________, for total profits of __________.

 

 

 

23) If the company wanted to increase the available hours for one of their constraints (assembly, painting, or inspection ) by 2 hours, they should increase __________.

 

 

 

24) The profit on the super product could increase by __________ without affecting the product mix.

 

Key words: computer solution

 

 

 

25) If downtime reduced the available capacity for painting by 40 hours (from 300 to 260 hours), profits would be reduced by __________.

 

 

 

26) A change in the market has increased the profit on the super product by $5. Total profit will increase by __________.

 

 

 

Tracksaws, Inc. makes tractors and lawn mowers. The firm makes a profit of $30 on each tractor and $30 on each lawn mower, and they sell all they can produce. The time requirements in the machine shop, fabrication, and tractor assembly are given in the table.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Formulation:

 

Let x = number of tractors produced per period

 

y = number of lawn mowers produced per period

 

MAX 30x + 30y

 

subject to 2 x + y ≤ 60

 

2 x + 3y ≤ 120

 

x ≤ 45

 

The graphical solution is shown below.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

27) How many tractors and saws should be produced to maximize profit, and how much profit will they make?

 

28) Determine the sensitivity range for the profit for tractors.

 

 

 

29) What is the shadow price for assembly?

 

 

 

30) What is the shadow price for fabrication?

 

 

 

31) What is the maximum amount a manager would be willing to pay for one additional hour of machining time?

 

 

 

32) A breakdown in fabrication causes the available hours to drop from 120 to 90 hours. How will this impact the optimal number of tractors and mowers produced?

 

 

 

33) What is the range for the shadow price for assembly?

 

The production manager for the Whoppy soft drink company is considering the production of 2 kinds of soft drinks: regular (R) and diet (D). The company operates one “8 hour” shift per day. Therefore, the production time is 480 minutes per day. During the production process, one of the main ingredients, syrup is limited to maximum production capacity of 675 gallons per day. Production of a regular case requires 2 minutes and 5 gallons of syrup, while production of a diet case needs 4 minutes and 3 gallons of syrup. Profits for regular soft drink are $3.00 per case and profits for diet soft drink are $2.00 per case.

 

 

 

The formulation for this problem is given below.

 

 

 

MAX Z = $3R + $2D

 

s.t.

 

2R + 4D ≤ 480

 

5R + 3D ≤ 675

 

 

 

 

 

The sensitivity report is given below

 

 

 

Adjustable Cells

 

 

 

 

Final

Reduced

Objective

Allowable

Allowable

 

Cell

Name

Value

Cost

Coefficient

Increase

Decrease

 

$B$6

Regular =

90.00

0.00

3

0.33

2

 

$C$6

Diet =

75.00

0.00

2

4

0.2

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Constraints

 

 

 

Final

Shadow

Constraint

Allowable

Allowable

Cell

Name

Value

Price

R.H. Side

Increase

Decrease

$E$3

Production (minutes)

480.00

0.07

480

420

210

$E$4

Syrup (gallons)

675.00

0.57

675

525

315

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

34) What is the optimal daily profit?

 

 

 

35) How many cases of regular and how many cases of diet soft drink should Whoppy produce to maximize daily profit?

 

 

 

36) What is the sensitivity range for the per case profit of a diet soft drink?

 

 

 

37) What is the sensitivity range of the production time?

 

 

 

38) if the company decides to increase the amount of syrup it uses during production of these soft drinks to 990 lbs. will the current product mix change? If show what is the impact on profit?

 

 

 

Mallory furniture buys 2 products for resale: big shelves (B) and medium shelves (M). Each big shelf costs $500 and requires 100 cubic feet of storage space, and each medium shelf costs $300 and requires 90 cubic feet of storage space. The company has $75000 to invest in shelves this week, and the warehouse has 18000 cubic feet available for storage. Profit for each big shelf is $300 and for each medium shelf is $150. Graphically solve this problem and answer the following questions.

 

 

 

39) What is the optimal product mix and maximum profit?

 

Key words: formulation, objective function

 

 

 

40) Determine the sensitivity range for the profit on the big shelf.

 

 

 

41) If the Mallory Furniture is able to increase the profit per medium shelf to $200, would the company purchase medium shelves. If so, what would be the new product mix and the total profit?

 

 

 

The linear programming problem whose output follows is used to determine how many bottles of fire red nail polish (x1), bright red nail polish (x2), basil green nail polish(x3), and basic pink nail polish(x4) a beauty salon should stock. The objective function measures profit; it is assumed that every piece stocked will be sold. Constraint 1 measures display space in units, constraint 2 measures time to set up the display in minutes. Note that green nail polish does not require any time to prepare its display. Constraints 3 and 4 are marketing restrictions. Constraint 3 indicates that the maximum demand for fire red and green polish is 25 bottles, while constraint 4 specifies that the minimum demand for bright red, green and pink nail polish bottles combined is at least 50 bottles.

 

 

 

MAX 100×1 + 120×2 + 150×3 + 125×4

 

 

 

Subject to 1. x1 + 2×2 + 2×3 + 2×4 ≤108

 

2. 3×1 + 5×2 + x4 ≤ 120

 

3. x1 + x3 ≤ 25

 

4. x2 + x3 + x4 ≥ 50

 

x1, x2 , x3, x4 ≥ 0

 

 

 

Optimal Solution:

 

Objective Function Value = 7475.000

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Objective Coefficient Ranges

 

 

 

 

 

Right Hand Side Ranges

 

 

 

 

 

42) How much space will be left unused? How many minutes of idle time remaining for setting up the display?

 

 

 

43) a) To what value can the per bottle profit on fire red nail polish drop before the solution (product mix) would change?

 

b) By how much can the per bottle profit on green basil nail polish increase before the solution (product mix) would change?

 

 

 

44) a) By how much can the amount of space decrease before there is a change in the profit?

 

b) By how much can the amount of space decrease before there is a change in the product mix?

 

c) By how much can the amount of time available to setup the display can increase before the solution (product mix) would change?

 

d) What is the lowest value for the amount of time available to setup the display before the solution (product mix) would change?

 

 

 

45) You are offered the chance to obtain more space. The offer is for 15 units and the total price is $1500. What should you do? Why?

 

 

 

46) Max Z = 5×1 + 3×2

 

Subject to: 6×1 + 2×2 ≤ 18

 

15×1 + 20×2 ≤ 60

 

x1 + x2 ≥ 0

 

Determine the sensitivity range for each constraint.

 

Main Heading: Sensitivity Analysis and Computer Solution

 

Key words: sensitivity analysis, sensitivity range for right hand sides

 

 

 

47) Max Z = 5×1 + 3×2

 

Subject to: 6×1 + 2×2 ≤ 18

 

15×1 + 20×2 ≤ 60

 

x1 + x2 ≥ 0

 

Determine the sensitivity range for each objective function coefficient.

 

 

 

48) Max Z = 3×1 + 3×2

 

Subject to: 10×1 + 4×2 ≤ 60

 

25×1 + 50×2 ≤ 200

 

x1 , x2 ≥ 0

 

Determine the sensitivity range for each objective function coefficient.

 

Main Heading: Sensitivity Analysis and Computer Solution

 

Key words: sensitivity analysis/range for objective function coefficients

 

49) For a maximization problem, assume that a constraint is binding. If the original amount of a resource is 4 lbs., and the range of feasibility (sensitivity range) for this constraint is from 3 lbs. to 6 lbs., increasing the amount of this resource by 1 lb. will result in the:

 

A) same product mix, different total profit

 

B) different product mix, same total profit as before

 

C) same product mix, same total profit

 

D) different product mix, different total profit

 

 

 

50) A plant manager is attempting to determine the production schedule of various products to maximize profit. Assume that a machine hour constraint is binding. If the original amount of machine hours available is 200 minutes., and the range of feasibility is from 130 minutes to 340 minutes, providing two additional machine hours will result in:

 

A) the same product mix, different total profit

 

B) a different product mix, same total profit as before

 

C) the same product mix, same total profit

 

D) a different product mix, different total profit

 

 

 

The production manager for Beer etc. produces 2 kinds of beer: light (L) and dark (D). Two resources used to produce beer are malt and wheat. He can obtain at most 4800 oz of malt per week and at most 3200 oz of wheat per week respectively. Each bottle of light beer requires 12 oz of malt and 4 oz of wheat, while a bottle of dark beer uses 8 oz of malt and 8 oz of wheat. Profits for light beer are $2 per bottle, and profits for dark beer are $1 per bottle.

 

 

 

51) If the production manager decides to produce of 0 bottles of light beer and 400 bottles of dark beer, it will result in slack of

 

A) malt only

 

B) wheat only

 

C) both malt and wheat

 

D) neither malt nor wheat

 

 

 

52) Which of the following is not a feasible solution?

 

A) 0 L and 0 D

 

B) 0 L and 400 D

 

C) 200 L and 300 D

 

D) 400 L and 400 D

 

53) What is the optimal weekly profit?

 

A) $1000

 

B) $900

 

C) $800

 

D) $700

 

E) $600

 

 

 

Mallory Furniture buys 2 products for resale: big shelves (B) and medium shelves (M). Each big shelf costs $500 and requires 100 cubic feet of storage space, and each medium shelf costs $300 and requires 90 cubic feet of storage space. The company has $75000 to invest in shelves this week, and the warehouse has 18000 cubic feet available for storage. Profit for each big shelf is $300 and for each medium shelf is $150.

 

 

 

54) Which of the following is not a feasible purchase combination?

 

A) 0 big shelves and 200 medium shelves

 

B) 0 big shelves and 0 medium shelves

 

C) 150 big shelves and 0 medium shelves

 

D) 100 big shelves and 100 medium shelves

 

 

 

55) If the Mallory Furniture company decides to purchase 150 big shelves and no medium shelves, which of the two resources will be left over?

 

A) investment money only

 

B) storage space only

 

C) investment money and storage space

 

D) neither investment money nor storage space

 

The production manager for the Whoppy soft drink company is considering the production of 2 kinds of soft drinks: regular and diet. The company operates one “8 hour” shift per day. Therefore, the production time is 480 minutes per day. During the production process, one of the main ingredients, syrup is limited to maximum production capacity of 675 gallons per day. Production of a regular case requires 2 minutes and 5 gallons of syrup, while production of a diet case needs 4 minutes and 3 gallons of syrup. Profits for regular soft drink are $3.00 per case and profits for diet soft drink are $2.00 per case.

 

 

 

56) Which of the following is not a feasible production combination?

 

A) 90 R and 75 D

 

B) 135 R and 0 D

 

C) 0 R and 120 D

 

D) 75 R and 90 D

 

E) 50 R and 50 D

 

 

 

57) For the production combination of 135 regular cases and 0 diet cases, which resource is completely used up (at capacity)?

 

A) only time

 

B) only syrup

 

C) time and syrup

 

D) neither time nor syrup

 

 

 

58) The sensitivity range for the profit on a regular case of soda is

 

A) $2 to $3

 

B) $2 to $4

 

C) $1 to $3

 

D) $1 to $3.33

 

 

 

59) Which of the following could not be a linear programming problem constraint?

 

A) A + B ≤ -3

 

B) A – B ≤ -3

 

C) A – B ≤ 3

 

D) A + B ≥ -3

 

E) -A + B ≤ -3

 

60) Use the constraints given below and determine which of the following points is feasible.

 

(1) 14x + 6y ≤ 42

 

(2) x – y ≤ 3

 

A) x = 1; y = 5

 

B) x = 2; y = 2

 

C) x = 2; y = 8

 

D) x = 2; y = 4

 

E) x = 3; y = 0.5

 

 

 

61) For the constraints given below, which point is in the feasible region of this minimization problem?

 

(1) 14x + 6y ≤ 42

 

(2) x + 3y ≥ 6

 

A) x = 0; y = 4

 

B) x = 2; y = 5

 

C) x = 1; y = 2

 

D) x = 2; y = 1

 

E) x = 2; y = 3

 

 

 

62) What combination of x and y is a feasible solution that minimizes the value of the objective function ?

 

Min Z = 3x + 15y

 

(1) 2x + 4y ≥ 12

 

(2) 5x + 2y ≥10

 

A) x = 0; y = 3

 

B) x = 0; y = 5

 

C) x = 5; y = 0

 

D) x = 6; y = 0

 

E) x = 4; y = 1

 

 

 

63) A shadow price reflects which of the following in a maximization problem?

 

A) the marginal gain in the objective that would be realized by adding 1 unit of a resource

 

B) the marginal gain in the objective that would be realized by subtracting 1 unit of a resource

 

C) the marginal cost of adding additional resources

 

D) the marginal gain of selling one more unit

 

64) Given the following linear programming problem:

 

Max Z = 15x + 20 y

 

s.t.

 

8x + 5y ≤ 40

 

4x + y ≥ 4

 

What would be the values of x and y that will maximize revenue?

 

 

 

A) x = 5; y = 0

 

B) x = 0; y = 8

 

C) x = 0; y = 1

 

D) x = 1; y = 0

 

E) x = 3; y = 4

 

 

 

65) Given the following linear program that maximizes revenue:

 

Max Z = 15x + 20 y

 

s.t.

 

8x + 5y ≤ 40

 

4x + y ≥ 4

 

What is the maximum revenue at the optimal solution?

 

 

 

A) $120

 

B) $160

 

C) $185

 

D) $200

 

 

 

Given the following linear programming problem that minimizes cost.

 

Min Z = 2x + 8y

 

Subject to (1) 8x + 4y ≥ 64

 

(2) 2x + 4y ≥ 32

 

(3) y ≥ 2

 

 

 

66) Determine the optimum values for x and y.

 

A) x = 2; y = 6

 

B) x = 6; y = 2

 

C) x = 12; y = 2

 

D) x = 2; y = 2

 

E) x = 6; y = 5

 

 

 

67) At the optimal solution the minimum cost is:

 

A) $30

 

B) $40

 

C) $50

 

D) $52

 

E) $53.33

 

 

 

68) What is the sensitivity range for the cost of x?

 

A) 0 to 2

 

B) 4 to 6

 

C) 2 to 4

 

D) 0 to 4

 

 

 

69) What is the sensitivity range for the third constraint, y ≥ 2?

 

A) 0 to 4

 

B) 2 to 5.33

 

C) 0 to 5.33

 

D) 4 to 6.33

 

 

 

70) For a maximization problem, the shadow price measures the __________ in the value of the optimal solution, per unit increase for a given __________.

 

A) decrease, resource

 

B) increase, parameter

 

C) improvement, resource

 

D) change, objective function coefficient

 

E) decrease, parameter

 

 

 

71) Sensitivity analysis is the analysis of the effect of __________ changes on the __________.

 

A) price, company

 

B) cost, production

 

C) parameter, optimal solution

 

D) none of the above

 

72) For a linear programming problem, assume that a given resource has not been fully used. We can conclude that the shadow price associated with that constraint:

 

A) will have a positive value

 

B) will have a negative value

 

C) will have a value of zero

 

D) could have a positive, negative or a value of zero. (no sign restrictions)

 

 

 

73) For a resource constraint, either its slack value must be __________ or its shadow price must be __________.

 

A) negative, negative

 

B) negative, zero

 

C) zero, zero

 

D) zero, negative

 

 

 

Aunt Anastasia operates a small business: she produces seasonal ceramic objects to sell to tourists. For the spring, she is planning to make baskets, eggs, and rabbits. Based on your discussion with your aunt you construct the following table.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Your aunt also has committed to make 25 rabbits for a charitable organization. Based on the information in the table, you formulate the problem as a linear program.

 

B = number of baskets produced

 

E = number of eggs produced

 

R = number of rabbits produced

 

MAX 2.5B + 1.5E + 2R

 

s.t.

 

0.5 B + 0.333E + 0.25R ≤ 20

 

B + E + R ≤ 50

 

0.25B + 0.333E + 0.75R ≤ 80

 

R ≥ 25

 

The Excel solution and the answer and sensitivity report are shown below.

 

 

 

The Answer Report:

 

 

 

 

 

The Sensitivity Report:

 

 

 

 

 

74) Which additional resources would you recommend that Aunt Anastasia try to obtain?

 

A) mix/mold

 

B) kiln

 

C) paint and seal

 

D) demand

 

E) Cannot tell from the information provided

 

75) Suppose the charitable organization contacted Aunt Anastasia and told her that they had overestimated the amount of rabbits they needed. Instead of 25 rabbits, they need 35. How would this affect Aunt Anastasia’s profits?

 

A) Profits would increase by $5.

 

B) Profits would decrease by $5

 

C) Profits would increase by $2.50

 

D) Profits would decrease by $2.50

 

E) Cannot tell from the information provided.

 

 

 

76) Aunt Anastasia feels that her prices are too low, particularly for her eggs. How much would her profit have to increase on the eggs before it is profitable for her to make and sell eggs?

 

A) $0.50

 

B) $1.00

 

C) $1.50

 

D) $2.50

 

E) None of the above

 

 

 

77) Aunt Anastasia’s available hours for paint and seal have fallen from 80 hours to 60 hours because of other commitments. How will this affect her profits?

 

A) Profits will decrease by $30.

 

B) Profits will increase by $30.

 

C) Profits will decrease by $20.

 

D) Profits will increase by $20.

 

E) Profits will not change.

 

 

 

78) Aunt Anastasia can obtain an additional 10 hours of kiln capacity free of charge from a friend. If she did this, how would her profits be affected?

 

A) Profit would increase by $25.

 

B) Profits would decrease by $25.

 

C) Profits would increase by $6.25.

 

D) Profits would decrease by $6.25

 

E) Cannot tell from the information provided.

 

79) Aunt Anastasia is planning for next spring, and she is considering making only 2 products. Based on the results from the linear program, which two products would you recommend that she make?

 

A) baskets and eggs

 

B) baskets and rabbits

 

C) eggs and rabbits

 

D) She should continue to make all 3.

 

E) Cannot tell from the information provided.

 

 

 

Billy’s Blues sells 3 types of T-shirts: Astro, Bling, and Curious. Manufacturing Astros requires 2 minutes of machine time, 20 minutes of labor, and costs $10. Brand Bling requires 2..5 minutes of machine time, 30 minutes of labor, and costs $14 to produce. Brand Curious requires 3 minutes of machine time, 45 minutes of labor, and costs $18 to produce. There are 300 machining hours available per week, 3,750 labor hours, and he has a budget of $3,000. Brand Astro sells for $15, Brand Bling for $18, and Brand Curious for $25.

 

 

 

The LP formulation that maximizes week profit shown below.

 

 

 

MAX 15A +18B + 25 C

 

s.t.

 

2A + 2.5B + 3C ≤ 300

 

20A + 30B + 45C ≤ 3,750

 

10A + 14B + 18C ≤ 3,000

 

 

 

The solution from QM for Windows is show below.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

80) If Billy could acquire more of any resource, which would it be?

 

A) machining time

 

B) labor time

 

C) money

 

D) buyers

 

 

 

81) If one of Billy’s machines breaks down, it usually results in about 6 hours of downtime. When this happens, Billy’s profits are reduced by

 

A) $15

 

B) 18

 

C) $25

 

D) $35

 

 

 

82) Billy’s accountant made an error, and the budget has been reduced from $3000 to $2500. Billy’s profit will go down by

 

A) $0

 

B) $625

 

C) $1350

 

D) $1650

 

 

 

83) Billy has decided that he can raise the price on the Curious t-shirt by 10% without losing sales. If he raises the price, his profits will

 

A) increase by 10%

 

B) decrease by 10%

 

C) increase by $2.50

 

D) increase by $125

 

 
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PC Build Manual assignment Help

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PC Build Manual assignment Help

Personal Computer Build Manual Project

This is one project, but is broken up into three parts. Using the following scenario and manual guidelines, create a manual that shows an entry level technician how to build a computer from scratch. The end result is a basic manual with table of contents, pictures and logical step instructions. I have already chosen the specs for the PC.

Scenario:

You have been recently hired as a computer technician at a local computer sales and repair shop. The shop offers a variety of services that range from installing new applications and fixing computers to recovering lost or deleted data. One service provided by this company is the opportunity for customers to have a computer built to their personal specifications. As a technician, it is your responsibility to capture the customer’s unique requests.

As part of the training process, your manager would like to evaluate how effective you are at this task, so he asked that you complete a two-part project:

Build a computer using a list of unique specifications and troubleshoot any problems that may come up during the building process.

Create a three part user manual that documents how to build the computer.

When you are finished, you will submit each part of the user manual for review. It will ultimately be used to train new computer technicians at the shop.

After speaking with your manager about the manual, you realize that you will be very busy over the next few weeks. In addition to working on the manual, you will also be in the process of preparing for the CompTIA A+ certification. One of the conditions of your employment at this company is that you obtain this certification within 60 days of being hired. You will have to manage your time wisely, because you will have to take a practice certification test just as you are completing the final part of your manual.

Part I:

Proposal: Develop a short proposal (see attached example) to design or procure a computer system based on business needs. Selecting the appropriate parts to build and design a computer system: an appropriate power supply, CPU, and RAM. Ex: Choose a case make, model, motherboard manufacturer, capacity of RAM, and PSU sized in units of watts. I have already specified (to some extent) the specs for the PC and they are listed below.

·        motherboard with Socket 1366

·        power supply that supports the specified motherboard: ATX, 20+4 pn, PCIe

·        Processor: Intel Core i7-960, 3.20 GHz processor

·        maximum memory possible: 2 GB DDR3

·        fastest hard drive possible: SATA

·        CD-DVD drive with fastest connection to the motherboard, SATA

·        best video card available (available on the shelf and compatible with the motherboard): DVI-I, HDMI, Crossfire, PCIe video card

 

Manual Section 1: Workspace Preparation by applying IT best practices

Developing documentation or a manual for each equipment or task (include photos):

Manual Section 2: Installing Motherboard
Manual Section 3: Installing Power Supply
Manual Section 4: Installing CPU
Manual Section 5: Installing RAM

Part II

For 6,7 and 8: Selecting an appropriate hard drive, optical drive, and video card for needs. Why does it meet needs/requirements?

Section 6: Installing Hard Drive ***For sections 6,7 and 8: Selecting an appropriate hard drive, optical drive, and video card for your specific needs.
Section 7: Installing Optical Drive
Section 8: Installing Video Card 
Section 9: Connecting Monitors, Keyboard, and Mouse
Section 10: BIOS Configuration

Part III

Section 11: Installing Windows 7 ***For section 11 & 12, you need to identify what basic settings and features are required for your needs.
Section 12: Configuring Critical Windows Features

In addition to including the sections listed below, your manual should address the environment in which the computer build will take place. For example, what are the best practices when working in a carpeted room?

Do not use computer jargon. Although the manual will be used to train new technicians, it may also be used by someone with limited computer knowledge, so the manual must be easy to understand.

Include explanations on methodology. For example, why is it important to use an antistatic grounding bracelet when working with the computer? Or why is it important to install memory sticks in pairs?

Workspace Preparation (LabSim 1.0)

Installing Motherboard (LabSim 3.3)

Installing Power Supply (LabSim 3.2)

Installing CPU (LabSim 3.4 and 3.10)

Installing RAM (LabSim 3.5)

Installing Hard Drive (LabSim 5.4)

Installing Optical Drive (LabSim 5.6)

Installing Video Card (LabSim 3.8)

Connecting Monitors, Keyboard, and Mouse (LabSim 4.0)

BIOS Configuration (LabSim 3.6)

Installing Windows 7 (LabSim 10.3)

Configuring Critical Windows Features (LabSim 9.0 and 10.0)

Formatting Notes:

Use IEEE citation style

Use credible reasoning, appropriate research, and supporting evidence in communication.

No plagiarism. Will be turned in using a plagiarism checker.

The manual should not document how to complete a LabSim section; rather, it should provide detailed instructions on how to build an actual computer for a potential customer:

Bad example: “Drag the motherboard from the shelf to the motherboard plate in the system case.”

Good example: “After properly grounding yourself, pick up the motherboard and place it inside the area where the motherboard will sit in the case. Align the screw holes on the motherboard with the screw holes on the case. Use appropriate screws to mount the motherboard inside the case, making sure not to scratch the surface of the motherboard.”

 

I have also attached a step by step of the final lab simulation project, in which it details each step of the process for a PC build. This should help in creating the build manual.

 
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Case Study 3 assignment Help

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Case Study 3 assignment Help

Case Study 3: Carlson Companies 

Read the case study titled “Carlson Companies” found at the end of Chapter 10.

Write a three to four (3-4) page paper in which you:

· Assess how the Carlson SAN approach would be implemented in today’s environment.

· Compare the pros and cons of consolidating data on a SAN central data facility versus the dispersed arrangement it replaces.

· Evaluate the issues raised from the Carlson SAN mixing equipment from a number of vendors and determine the management options for dealing with this type of situation.

· Justify the reduction of administration and management of storage networking through Carlson’s IP SAN.

· Assess how cloud computing could be used by Carlson instead of a SAN. Create a diagram using Visio or its open source alternative software to illustrate the use of cloud computing. Note: The graphically depicted solution is not included in the required page length.

· Use at least three (3) quality resources in this assignment. Note: Wikipedia and similar Websites do not qualify as quality resources.

Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:

· Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; references must follow APA or school-specific format.

The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:

· Compare and contrast among local area and wide area network technologies and architectures.

· Use technology and information resources to research issues in communication networks.

· Write clearly and concisely about communication networks using proper writing mechanics and technical style conventions.

 
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Implement American Option And European Option In C++ assignment Help

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Implement American Option And European Option In C++ assignment Help

P4/CMakeLists.txt

### CMake Version ############################################################# cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.10) ### Project Configuration ##################################################### get_filename_component(PROJECT_DIR_NAME ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR} NAME) string(REPLACE ” ” “_” PROJECT_DIR_NAME ${PROJECT_DIR_NAME}) project(${PROJECT_DIR_NAME} VERSION 1.0.0.0 # <major>.<minor>.<patch>.<tweak> LANGUAGES CXX) ### List of Files ############################################################# set(INCLUDE ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/include/std_lib_facilities.h ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/include/EuropeanOption.h ) set(INPUT_FILES ) set(OUTPUT_FILES ) set(SRC ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/EuropeanOption.cpp ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/main.cpp ) set(OTHER_FILES ) ### Compiler Flags ############################################################ # UNIX only if(NOT WIN32) # C++14 set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 14) set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED ON) set(CMAKE_CXX_EXTENSIONS OFF) # Common Flags set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS “${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -Wall -fexceptions -pedantic-errors”) # Debug Flags set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_DEBUG “-g -DDEBUG”) # Release Flags # -O2 instead of -O3 # -ftlo stands for Link Time Optimization (LTO) set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_RELEASE “-O2 -DNDEBUG -flto”) # GCC (Ubuntu 18.04 LTS Bionic Beaver) if(UNIX AND NOT APPLE) set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS “${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS}”) endif(UNIX AND NOT APPLE) # Clang (macOS Mojave 10.14) # -Wno-tautological-compare is required when using std_lib_facilities on macOS if(APPLE) set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS “${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -Wno-tautological-compare”) endif(APPLE) endif(NOT WIN32) ### Build Types ############################################################### # UNIX only if(NOT WIN32) # if no build type is set, the default is Debug if(NOT CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE) set(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE Debug) endif(NOT CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE) set(CMAKE_RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/${CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE}) endif(NOT WIN32) ### Build Configuration ####################################################### add_executable(${PROJECT_NAME} ${INCLUDE} ${INPUT_FILES} ${OUTPUT_FILES} ${SRC} ${OTHER_FILES}) target_include_directories(${PROJECT_NAME} PRIVATE ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/include) ###############################################################################

__MACOSX/P4/._CMakeLists.txt

P4/.DS_Store

__MACOSX/P4/._.DS_Store

P4/include/std_lib_facilities.h

/* std_lib_facilities.h */ /* Simple “Programming: Principles and Practice using C++ (second edition)” course header to be used for the first few weeks. It provides the most common standard headers (in the global namespace) and minimal exception/error support. Students: please don’t try to understand the details of headers just yet. All will be explained. This header is primarily used so that you don’t have to understand every concept all at once. By Chapter 10, you don’t need this file and after Chapter 21, you’ll understand it Revised April 25, 2010: simple_error() added Revised November 25 2013: remove support for pre-C++11 compilers, use C++11: <chrono> Revised November 28 2013: add a few container algorithms Revised June 8 2014: added #ifndef to workaround Microsoft C++11 weakness */ #pragma once #include <algorithm> #include <array> #include <cmath> #include <cstdlib> #include <forward_list> #include <fstream> #include <iomanip> #include <iostream> #include <list> #include <random> #include <regex> #include <sstream> #include <stdexcept> #include <string> #include <unordered_map> #include <vector> //—————————————————————————— //—————————————————————————— typedef long Unicode; //—————————————————————————— using namespace std; template <class T> string to_string(const T& t) { ostringstream os; os << t; return os.str(); } struct Range_error : out_of_range { // enhanced vector range error reporting int index; Range_error(int i) : out_of_range(“Range error: ” + to_string(i)) , index(i) { } }; // trivially range-checked vector (no iterator checking): template <class T> struct Vector : public std::vector<T> { using size_type = typename std::vector<T>::size_type; #ifdef _MSC_VER // microsoft doesn’t yet support C++11 inheriting constructors Vector() {} explicit Vector(size_type n) : std::vector<T>(n) { } Vector(size_type n, const T& v) : std::vector<T>(n, v) { } template <class I> Vector(I first, I last) : std::vector<T>(first, last) { } Vector(initializer_list<T> list) : std::vector<T>(list) { } #else using std::vector<T>::vector; // inheriting constructor #endif T& operator[](unsigned int i) // rather than return at(i); { if (i < 0 || this->size() <= i) throw Range_error(i); return std::vector<T>::operator[](i); } const T& operator[](unsigned int i) const { if (i < 0 || this->size() <= i) throw Range_error(i); return std::vector<T>::operator[](i); } }; // disgusting macro hack to get a range checked vector: #define vector Vector // trivially range-checked string (no iterator checking): struct String : std::string { using size_type = std::string::size_type; // using string::string; char& operator[](unsigned int i) // rather than return at(i); { if (i < 0 || size() <= i) throw Range_error(i); return std::string::operator[](i); } const char& operator[](unsigned int i) const { if (i < 0 || size() <= i) throw Range_error(i); return std::string::operator[](i); } }; namespace std { template <> struct hash<String> { size_t operator()(const String& s) const { return hash<std::string>()(s); } }; } // of namespace std struct Exit : runtime_error { Exit() : runtime_error(“Exit”) { } }; // error() simply disguises throws: inline void error(const string& s) { throw runtime_error(s); } inline void error(const string& s, const string& s2) { error(s + s2); } inline void error(const string& s, int i) { ostringstream os; os << s << “: ” << i; error(os.str()); } template <class T> char* as_bytes(T& i) // needed for binary I/O { void* addr = &i; // get the address of the first byte // of memory used to store the object return static_cast<char*>(addr); // treat that memory as bytes } // added by https://thiagowinkler.github.io inline void cin_clear() { if (cin.fail()) { cin.clear(); cin.ignore(numeric_limits<streamsize>::max(), ‘\n’); } } inline void keep_window_open() { cin.clear(); cout << “Please enter a character to exit\n”; char ch; cin >> ch; return; } inline void keep_window_open(string s) { if (s == “”) return; cin.clear(); cin.ignore(120, ‘\n’); for (;;) { cout << “Please enter ” << s << ” to exit\n”; string ss; while (cin >> ss && ss != s) cout << “Please enter ” << s << ” to exit\n”; return; } } // error function to be used (only) until error() is introduced in Chapter 5: inline void simple_error(string s) // write “error: s and exit program { cerr << “error: ” << s << ‘\n’; keep_window_open(); // for some Windows environments exit(1); } // make std::min() and std::max() accessible on systems with antisocial macros: #undef min #undef max // run-time checked narrowing cast (type conversion). See ???. template <class R, class A> R narrow_cast(const A& a) { R r = R(a); if (A(r) != a) error(string(“info loss”)); return r; } // random number generators. See 24.7. inline int randint(int min, int max) { static default_random_engine ran; return uniform_int_distribution<>{ min, max }(ran); } inline int randint(int max) { return randint(0, max); } //inline double sqrt(int x) { return sqrt(double(x)); } // to match C++0x // container algorithms. See 21.9. template <typename C> using Value_type = typename C::value_type; template <typename C> using Iterator = typename C::iterator; template <typename C> // requires Container<C>() void sort(C& c) { std::sort(c.begin(), c.end()); } template <typename C, typename Pred> // requires Container<C>() && Binary_Predicate<Value_type<C>>() void sort(C& c, Pred p) { std::sort(c.begin(), c.end(), p); } template <typename C, typename Val> // requires Container<C>() && Equality_comparable<C,Val>() Iterator<C> find(C& c, Val v) { return std::find(c.begin(), c.end(), v); } template <typename C, typename Pred> // requires Container<C>() && Predicate<Pred,Value_type<C>>() Iterator<C> find_if(C& c, Pred p) { return std::find_if(c.begin(), c.end(), p); }

__MACOSX/P4/include/._std_lib_facilities.h

P4/include/EuropeanOption.h

#pragma once #include “std_lib_facilities.h” class EuropeanOption { public: // Regular constructor EuropeanOption(string type, double spotPrice, double strikePrice, double interestRate, double volatility, double timeToMaturity); double getPrice(); private: string m_type; double m_spotPrice; double m_strikePrice; double m_interestRate; double m_volatility; double m_timeToMaturity; // Normal CDF double N(double value); };

__MACOSX/P4/include/._EuropeanOption.h

__MACOSX/P4/._include

P4/build/.DS_Store

__MACOSX/P4/build/._.DS_Store

P4/build/compile_commands.json

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#  define COMPILER_VERSION_PATCH DEC (( __VER__ )   %   1000 )
#  define COMPILER_VERSION_INTERNAL DEC ( __IAR_SYSTEMS_ICC__ )
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# define COMPILER_VERSION_PATCH DEC ( __ARMCC_VERSION      %   10000 )
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/* __ARMCC_VERSION = VRPPPP */
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#  define COMPILER_VERSION_MINOR DEC ( _SGI_COMPILER_VERSION / 10   %   10 )
#  define COMPILER_VERSION_PATCH DEC ( _SGI_COMPILER_VERSION     %   10 )
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/* _COMPILER_VERSION = VRP */
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#  define COMPILER_VERSION_PATCH DEC ( _COMPILER_VERSION     %   10 )
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# define COMPILER_ID  "HP"

#else   /* unknown compiler */
# define COMPILER_ID  ""
#endif

/* Construct the string literal in pieces to prevent the source from
getting matched.  Store it in a pointer rather than an array
because some compilers will just produce instructions to fill the
array rather than assigning a pointer to a static array.  */
char   const *  info_compiler  =   "INFO"   ":"   "compiler["  COMPILER_ID  "]" ;
#ifdef  SIMULATE_ID
char   const *  info_simulate  =   "INFO"   ":"   "simulate["  SIMULATE_ID  "]" ;
#endif

#ifdef  __QNXNTO__
char   const *  qnxnto  =   "INFO"   ":"   "qnxnto[]" ;
#endif

#if  defined ( __CRAYXE )   ||  defined ( __CRAYXC )
char   const   * info_cray  =   "INFO"   ":"   "compiler_wrapper[CrayPrgEnv]" ;
#endif

#define  STRINGIFY_HELPER ( X )  #X
#define  STRINGIFY ( X )  STRINGIFY_HELPER ( X )

/* Identify known platforms by name.  */
#if  defined ( __linux )   ||  defined ( __linux__ )   ||  defined ( linux )
# define PLATFORM_ID  "Linux"

#elif  defined ( __CYGWIN__ )
# define PLATFORM_ID  "Cygwin"

#elif  defined ( __MINGW32__ )
# define PLATFORM_ID  "MinGW"

#elif  defined ( __APPLE__ )
# define PLATFORM_ID  "Darwin"

#elif  defined ( _WIN32 )   ||  defined ( __WIN32__ )   ||  defined ( WIN32 )
# define PLATFORM_ID  "Windows"

#elif  defined ( __FreeBSD__ )   ||  defined ( __FreeBSD )
# define PLATFORM_ID  "FreeBSD"

#elif  defined ( __NetBSD__ )   ||  defined ( __NetBSD )
# define PLATFORM_ID  "NetBSD"

#elif  defined ( __OpenBSD__ )   ||  defined ( __OPENBSD )
# define PLATFORM_ID  "OpenBSD"

#elif  defined ( __sun )   ||  defined ( sun )
# define PLATFORM_ID  "SunOS"

#elif  defined ( _AIX )   ||  defined ( __AIX )   ||  defined ( __AIX__ )   ||  defined ( __aix )   ||  defined ( __aix__ )
# define PLATFORM_ID  "AIX"

#elif  defined ( __sgi )   ||  defined ( __sgi__ )   ||  defined ( _SGI )
# define PLATFORM_ID  "IRIX"

#elif  defined ( __hpux )   ||  defined ( __hpux__ )
# define PLATFORM_ID  "HP-UX"

#elif  defined ( __HAIKU__ )
# define PLATFORM_ID  "Haiku"

#elif  defined ( __BeOS )   ||  defined ( __BEOS__ )   ||  defined ( _BEOS )
# define PLATFORM_ID  "BeOS"

#elif  defined ( __QNX__ )   ||  defined ( __QNXNTO__ )
# define PLATFORM_ID  "QNX"

#elif  defined ( __tru64 )   ||  defined ( _tru64 )   ||  defined ( __TRU64__ )
# define PLATFORM_ID  "Tru64"

#elif  defined ( __riscos )   ||  defined ( __riscos__ )
# define PLATFORM_ID  "RISCos"

#elif  defined ( __sinix )   ||  defined ( __sinix__ )   ||  defined ( __SINIX__ )
# define PLATFORM_ID  "SINIX"

#elif  defined ( __UNIX_SV__ )
# define PLATFORM_ID  "UNIX_SV"

#elif  defined ( __bsdos__ )
# define PLATFORM_ID  "BSDOS"

#elif  defined ( _MPRAS )   ||  defined ( MPRAS )
# define PLATFORM_ID  "MP-RAS"

#elif  defined ( __osf )   ||  defined ( __osf__ )
# define PLATFORM_ID  "OSF1"

#elif  defined ( _SCO_SV )   ||  defined ( SCO_SV )   ||  defined ( sco_sv )
# define PLATFORM_ID  "SCO_SV"

#elif  defined ( __ultrix )   ||  defined ( __ultrix__ )   ||  defined ( _ULTRIX )
# define PLATFORM_ID  "ULTRIX"

#elif  defined ( __XENIX__ )   ||  defined ( _XENIX )   ||  defined ( XENIX )
# define PLATFORM_ID  "Xenix"

#elif  defined ( __WATCOMC__ )
#  if  defined ( __LINUX__ )
#  define PLATFORM_ID  "Linux"

# elif defined ( __DOS__ )
#  define PLATFORM_ID  "DOS"

# elif defined ( __OS2__ )
#  define PLATFORM_ID  "OS2"

 
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Disaster -Assignment

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Graded Assignments may be found at the end of each chapter of the required textbook under the title “Real-World Exercises”. Each assignment is due between Monday to Sunday evening by 11:59 p.m. EST. of the respective week. Each student is to select one exercise (per module exercise) from the grouping as identified below. Provide documented evidence, in Moodle, of completion of the chosen exercise (i.e. provide answers to each of the stated questions). Detailed and significant scholarly answers will be allotted full point value. Incomplete, inaccurate, or inadequate answers will receive less than full credit depending on the answers provided. All submissions need to directed to the appropriate area within Moodle. Late submissions, hardcopy, or email submissions will not be accepted.350 words 2 references

 
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Computer Science homework help

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Computer Science homework help

You will write a flowchart, and C code for a program that does the following:

1. Uses a “for” loop.

2. Asks the user for their age.

3. Prints “Happy Birthday” for every year of the user’s age, along with the year.

Here is what the output of the program looks like.

File Submission

Upload your Flowgorithm file, your .c file, and a screen shot of your code output saved in a Word document including the path name directory at the top of the screen into the dropbox for grading.

 
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Nursing Paper Example on Gastrointestinal Disease: Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GORD)

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Nursing Paper Example on Gastrointestinal Disease: Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GORD)

Introduction

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GORD) is a prevalent gastrointestinal ailment affecting millions worldwide. Characterized by the backward flow of stomach acid into the esophagus, GORD poses significant discomfort and potential health risks if left untreated. The lower esophageal sphincter’s weakened state allows gastric contents to regurgitate, causing symptoms like heartburn, chest pain, and regurgitation. While the exact prevalence varies across demographics, GORD is commonly associated with factors such as obesity, smoking, and certain medications. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of GORD is crucial for effective management and prevention of complications. This essay explores the causes, symptoms, etiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment regimens, and patient education strategies related to GORD, shedding light on its impact on individuals’ daily lives and the importance of comprehensive management approaches. (Nursing Paper Example on Gastrointestinal Disease: Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GORD))

Nursing Paper Example on Gastrointestinal Disease: Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GORD)

Causes

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GORD) stems from various factors, primarily centered around the malfunctioning of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), a muscular ring separating the esophagus from the stomach. This weakening or relaxation of the LES allows stomach acid and partially digested food to flow backward into the esophagus, leading to the characteristic symptoms of GORD.

One of the significant causes of LES dysfunction is obesity. Excess weight puts pressure on the abdomen, which can force stomach contents upward into the esophagus, particularly when lying down or bending over. Additionally, adipose tissue produces hormones and substances that may contribute to LES relaxation, exacerbating reflux symptoms in obese individuals.

Smoking is another prominent risk factor for GORD. The chemicals in cigarette smoke can weaken the LES and impair its ability to prevent acid reflux. Moreover, smoking reduces saliva production, which normally helps neutralize stomach acid in the esophagus. Consequently, smokers are more prone to experiencing severe and prolonged reflux symptoms.

Certain medications are known to exacerbate GORD symptoms or weaken the LES. These include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen and aspirin, which can irritate the esophageal lining and increase acid production, aggravating reflux symptoms. Other medications, such as calcium channel blockers used to treat hypertension and some sedatives, may relax the LES, facilitating acid reflux.

Dietary factors play a crucial role in triggering GORD symptoms. Spicy, acidic, and fatty foods can irritate the esophagus and stimulate acid production, exacerbating reflux. Citrus fruits, tomatoes, chocolate, caffeine, and alcohol are common culprits known to worsen symptoms in susceptible individuals. Moreover, large meals and lying down shortly after eating can increase intra-abdominal pressure, promoting acid reflux.

Pregnancy is also associated with an increased risk of GORD due to hormonal changes and elevated intra-abdominal pressure as the uterus expands. Hormones like progesterone relax the LES, contributing to reflux symptoms during pregnancy. Additionally, the growing fetus can exert pressure on the stomach, forcing acid into the esophagus.

In summary, GORD is caused by a combination of factors, including obesity, smoking, certain medications, dietary habits, and pregnancy. Understanding these underlying causes is essential for developing effective management strategies tailored to individual patients and addressing modifiable risk factors to alleviate symptoms and improve quality of life. (Nursing Paper Example on Gastrointestinal Disease: Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GORD)

Signs and Symptoms

Heartburn:
Heartburn is the hallmark symptom of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GORD), characterized by a burning sensation in the chest or throat. It typically occurs after eating or when lying down and is caused by stomach acid refluxing into the esophagus. Heartburn can range from mild discomfort to severe pain and is often exacerbated by certain foods, beverages, or lying flat.

Regurgitation:
Regurgitation is the involuntary return of partially digested food or stomach contents into the mouth or throat. Individuals with GORD may experience a sour or bitter taste in their mouth as stomach acid regurgitates into the esophagus. Regurgitation can occur shortly after eating or when bending over and is often accompanied by a sensation of fluid moving up the chest.

Chest Pain:
Chest pain, also known as acid indigestion, is a common symptom of GORD that can mimic heart-related conditions such as angina or a heart attack. The pain may be sharp or burning and is typically located behind the breastbone. It may worsen when lying down or after consuming acidic or fatty foods. While chest pain in GORD is usually non-cardiac in nature, it should be evaluated by a healthcare professional to rule out serious cardiac conditions.

Difficulty Swallowing:
Some individuals with GORD may experience dysphagia, or difficulty swallowing, due to inflammation and irritation of the esophagus caused by acid reflux. Dysphagia can manifest as a sensation of food sticking in the throat or chest, discomfort or pain while swallowing, or the need to swallow repeatedly to move food down. Severe dysphagia may indicate complications such as esophageal strictures or narrowing.

Persistent Cough:
A chronic cough that persists despite treatment for other respiratory conditions may be a symptom of GORD. The reflux of stomach acid into the esophagus can irritate the throat and trigger coughing. This cough is often dry and persistent, particularly at night or after eating. While coughing is a common symptom of GORD, it can also be indicative of other respiratory or gastrointestinal disorders, necessitating proper evaluation by a healthcare provider.

In conclusion, GORD manifests through various signs and symptoms, including heartburn, regurgitation, chest pain, difficulty swallowing, and persistent cough. These symptoms can significantly impact an individual’s quality of life and may vary in severity depending on the frequency and extent of acid reflux. Recognizing these manifestations is crucial for timely diagnosis and management of GORD to alleviate discomfort and prevent complications. (Nursing Paper Example on Gastrointestinal Disease: Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GORD))

Nursing Paper Example on Gastrointestinal Disease: Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GORD)

Etiology

Genetic Predisposition: While the exact cause of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GORD) remains multifactorial, genetic predisposition plays a significant role in its development. Studies have identified a familial aggregation of GORD, suggesting a genetic component to the condition. Specific genetic variations may influence the function of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) or alter gastric motility, predisposing individuals to reflux symptoms.

Obesity: Obesity is a well-established risk factor for GORD, with excess body weight contributing to increased intra-abdominal pressure. This pressure can weaken the LES, allowing gastric contents to reflux into the esophagus more easily. Adipose tissue also produces inflammatory cytokines and hormones that may further disrupt esophageal function and exacerbate reflux symptoms in obese individuals.

Hiatal Hernia: A hiatal hernia occurs when a portion of the stomach protrudes through the diaphragm into the chest cavity, disrupting the normal anatomy of the gastroesophageal junction. This structural abnormality can impair the function of the LES, leading to GORD symptoms. While not all individuals with hiatal hernias develop GORD, the presence of a hiatal hernia increases the risk of reflux and complications.

Smoking: Cigarette smoking is associated with an increased risk of GORD due to its effects on LES function and gastric motility. The chemicals in tobacco smoke can relax the LES, making it more prone to reflux. Smoking also reduces saliva production, which normally helps neutralize stomach acid in the esophagus. Consequently, smokers are more likely to experience severe and prolonged reflux symptoms.

Dietary Factors: Certain dietary habits and food choices can exacerbate GORD symptoms. Spicy, acidic, and fatty foods can irritate the esophagus and stimulate acid production, leading to increased reflux. Common trigger foods include citrus fruits, tomatoes, chocolate, caffeine, and alcohol. Large meals and lying down shortly after eating can also promote acid reflux by increasing intra-abdominal pressure. Identifying and avoiding trigger foods is essential for managing GORD symptoms.

Medications: Several medications are known to exacerbate GORD symptoms or weaken the LES, increasing the risk of reflux. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen and aspirin can irritate the esophageal lining and increase acid production, aggravating reflux symptoms. Additionally, calcium channel blockers used to treat hypertension and certain sedatives may relax the LES, facilitating acid reflux.

The etiology of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease involves a complex interplay of genetic predisposition, obesity, hiatal hernias, smoking, dietary factors, and medications. Understanding these underlying contributors is essential for developing targeted management strategies and addressing modifiable risk factors to alleviate symptoms and improve quality of life. (Nursing Paper Example on Gastrointestinal Disease: Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GORD)

Pathophysiology

Lower Esophageal Sphincter Dysfunction: Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GORD) primarily involves dysfunction of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), a muscular ring that acts as a barrier between the esophagus and the stomach. In individuals with GORD, the LES fails to close properly or relaxes inappropriately, allowing gastric contents, including stomach acid and partially digested food, to reflux into the esophagus. This malfunctioning of the LES is central to the pathophysiology of GORD and leads to the characteristic symptoms associated with the condition.

Impaired Esophageal Clearance: Another aspect of GORD’s pathophysiology involves impaired esophageal clearance mechanisms. Normally, the esophagus has efficient mechanisms, including peristalsis and salivary neutralization, to clear refluxed material back into the stomach and neutralize gastric acid. However, in individuals with GORD, these clearance mechanisms may be compromised, leading to prolonged exposure of the esophageal mucosa to acidic gastric contents. This prolonged exposure contributes to esophageal mucosal injury and inflammation, exacerbating symptoms and potentially leading to complications such as erosive esophagitis or Barrett’s esophagus.

Esophageal Mucosal Injury and Inflammation: Repeated exposure of the esophageal mucosa to gastric acid and other corrosive contents leads to mucosal injury and inflammation in individuals with GORD. The acidic nature of gastric contents irritates the esophageal epithelium, causing tissue damage and inflammation. This inflammatory response further compromises esophageal function and exacerbates symptoms such as heartburn, regurgitation, and chest pain. Over time, chronic inflammation may contribute to the development of complications such as esophageal strictures, Barrett’s esophagus, or even esophageal adenocarcinoma in severe cases.

Potential Complications: GORD can lead to various complications due to chronic esophageal mucosal injury and inflammation. These complications may include erosive esophagitis, characterized by erosions or ulcers in the esophageal mucosa, which can cause pain and bleeding. Long-term untreated GORD may also result in the development of Barrett’s esophagus, a condition characterized by changes in the esophageal lining that predispose individuals to esophageal adenocarcinoma, a type of cancer. Additionally, severe and recurrent reflux can lead to esophageal strictures, narrowing of the esophagus that can cause difficulty swallowing and food impaction.

The pathophysiology of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease involves dysfunction of the lower esophageal sphincter, impaired esophageal clearance mechanisms, mucosal injury, and inflammation. Chronic inflammation and mucosal injury may lead to complications such as erosive esophagitis, Barrett’s esophagus, and esophageal strictures if left untreated. Understanding the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms is essential for the effective management and prevention of complications associated with GORD. (Nursing Paper Example on Gastrointestinal Disease: Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GORD)).

Nursing Paper Example on Gastrointestinal Disease: Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GORD)

DSM-5 Diagnosis

Clinical Evaluation: Diagnosing Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GORD) typically involves a comprehensive clinical evaluation based on the patient’s medical history, symptom presentation, and physical examination. Healthcare providers often rely on the presence of characteristic symptoms such as heartburn, regurgitation, chest pain, and difficulty swallowing to initiate further diagnostic investigations.

Diagnostic Criteria: While the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) does not provide specific diagnostic criteria for GORD, it emphasizes the importance of assessing symptom severity and functional impairment in making a diagnosis. Healthcare providers use standardized questionnaires or symptom scales to evaluate the frequency, intensity, and impact of reflux symptoms on the patient’s daily functioning and quality of life.

Objective Measures: In addition to clinical assessment, objective measures such as upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, esophageal pH monitoring, and esophageal manometry may be employed to confirm the diagnosis of GORD and assess the extent of esophageal mucosal injury and dysfunction. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy allows direct visualization of the esophageal mucosa and the identification of erosions, ulcers, or other pathological changes indicative of GORD. Esophageal pH monitoring measures the frequency and duration of acid reflux episodes, providing valuable information about the severity and pattern of reflux. Esophageal manometry evaluates esophageal motility and LES function, helping to identify underlying motor disorders contributing to GORD symptoms.

Differential Diagnosis: Diagnosing GORD requires differentiation from other conditions that may present with similar symptoms, such as peptic ulcer disease, gastritis, esophageal motility disorders, and cardiac conditions like angina or myocardial infarction. Healthcare providers consider the patient’s medical history, risk factors, symptom pattern, and response to initial interventions to rule out alternative diagnoses and confirm GORD.

Multidisciplinary Approach: Diagnosing GORD often involves a multidisciplinary approach, with collaboration between primary care physicians, gastroenterologists, and other healthcare professionals. This collaborative effort ensures comprehensive evaluation, appropriate diagnostic testing, and tailored management strategies to address individual patient needs and optimize outcomes.

Diagnosing Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease relies on a comprehensive clinical evaluation, standardized symptom assessment, and objective measures to confirm the diagnosis and assess the severity and impact of symptoms. While the DSM-5 does not provide specific diagnostic criteria for GORD, it underscores the importance of evaluating symptom severity and functional impairment in making a diagnosis. Differential diagnosis and a multidisciplinary approach are essential to differentiate GORD from other conditions with similar presentations and ensure optimal management and outcomes for affected individuals. (Nursing Paper Example on Gastrointestinal Disease: Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GORD)

Treatment Regimens

Lifestyle Modifications: Effective management of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GORD) often begins with lifestyle modifications aimed at reducing reflux symptoms and improving esophageal health. Patients are advised to avoid trigger foods and beverages known to exacerbate reflux, such as spicy, acidic, and fatty foods, caffeine, alcohol, and carbonated drinks. Additionally, consuming smaller, more frequent meals and avoiding lying down or bending over shortly after eating can help reduce intra-abdominal pressure and minimize reflux episodes.

Weight Management: Obesity is a significant risk factor for GORD, and weight management is an integral component of treatment. Patients are encouraged to achieve and maintain a healthy weight through a balanced diet and regular physical activity. Weight loss can alleviate pressure on the abdomen, reduce reflux symptoms, and improve overall esophageal health.

Elevating the Head of the Bed: Elevating the head of the bed by 6 to 8 inches can help prevent acid reflux during sleep by utilizing gravity to keep stomach contents in the stomach. Patients can achieve this elevation by using bed risers or placing blocks under the bed frame’s legs. Sleeping on a wedge-shaped pillow can also provide similar benefits by elevating the upper body during sleep.

Smoking Cessation: Smoking is a modifiable risk factor for GORD, and smoking cessation is an essential aspect of treatment. Patients are encouraged to quit smoking to reduce LES relaxation, improve esophageal motility, and decrease reflux symptoms. Healthcare providers can offer support and resources to help patients quit smoking, such as counseling, nicotine replacement therapy, or prescription medications.

Medications: Pharmacological interventions are often employed to manage GORD symptoms and reduce esophageal mucosal injury. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), such as omeprazole, lansoprazole, and esomeprazole, are commonly prescribed to suppress gastric acid production and promote esophageal healing. H2 receptor antagonists, such as ranitidine and famotidine, can also be used to reduce acid secretion and alleviate reflux symptoms. Antacids may provide symptomatic relief by neutralizing stomach acid, although they are less effective at healing esophageal mucosal damage.

Surgical Intervention: In refractory cases or when complications arise, surgical intervention may be considered to improve LES function and prevent reflux. Fundoplication is a surgical procedure in which the upper part of the stomach is wrapped around the LES to strengthen its closure and reduce reflux. Endoscopic procedures, such as transoral incisionless fundoplication (TIF) or radiofrequency ablation (RFA), may also be performed to tighten the LES and improve reflux control. (Nursing Paper Example on Gastrointestinal Disease: Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GORD)

Patient Education: Patient education is essential for empowering individuals to actively participate in their GORD management and achieve optimal outcomes. Patients should be educated about the importance of adhering to lifestyle modifications, including dietary changes, weight management, and smoking cessation, to minimize reflux symptoms and prevent complications. Healthcare providers should discuss the rationale behind recommended interventions, potential side effects of medications, and expected outcomes to enhance patient understanding and adherence.

Monitoring and Follow-Up: Regular monitoring and follow-up are crucial components of GORD management to assess treatment efficacy, adjust interventions as needed, and address any emerging concerns or complications. Patients should be encouraged to report any persistent or worsening symptoms, side effects of medications, or difficulties adhering to recommended lifestyle modifications during follow-up visits.

The management of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease involves a multifaceted approach encompassing lifestyle modifications, pharmacological interventions, surgical options, and patient education. Tailored treatment regimens should address individual patient needs and preferences while emphasizing the importance of adherence to lifestyle modifications and regular monitoring to achieve optimal symptom control and improve esophageal health.

Conclusion

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GORD) is a complex gastrointestinal disorder with multifactorial etiology and diverse clinical manifestations. This essay has provided an overview of the causes, signs and symptoms, etiology, pathophysiology, DSM-5 diagnosis, treatment regimens, and patient education strategies related to GORD. By emphasizing the importance of simple yet formal language, concise paragraphs, and clear transitions, this essay has sought to enhance readability and comprehension while maintaining a formal tone. Effective management of GORD requires a comprehensive approach that encompasses lifestyle modifications, pharmacological interventions, surgical options, and patient education. By addressing modifiable risk factors, empowering patients through education, and individualizing treatment regimens, healthcare providers can improve symptom control, prevent complications, and enhance the quality of life for individuals living with GORD. (Nursing Paper Example on Gastrointestinal Disease: Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GORD).

References

http://Clarrett DM, Hachem C. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD). Mo Med. 2018 May-Jun;115(3):214-218. PMID: 30228725; PMCID: PMC6140167.

 
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Computer Science homework help

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Database Systems

Introduction to Database Systems

Project Description

This project is based on the material in textbook Chapter 3 – Chapter 5, and Appendix A sections 2 – 5. All the references on figures, chapters/sections

 

The database for Wedgewood Pacific (WP) has been discussed extensively in Chapter 3 as well as in the “Working with Microsoft Access” in Chapter 1 and Chapter 2.

Complete the following four tasks using MySQL (Community Server 8.0 and the Workbench).

Create one document file (Microsoft Word or PDF format) that contains all your SQL scripts (in text format) and clear screenshots (with brief explanation) for all 4 parts.

1. Create the Wedgewood Pacific (WP) database as described in Chapter 3. This will include:

a. Creating the WP schema, and setting it as the default schema.

b. Creating a folder to hold SQL scripts for the WP schema in the C:/Documents/MySQL Workbench/Schemas folder.

c. Creating and running an SQL script named WP-Create-Tables based on Figure 3-7 (page

152) to create the WP table structure.

d. Creating and running an SQL script named WP-Insert-Datas based on Figure 3-11 (pages 159 – 161) to populate the WP tables.

What to turn in?

· Provide screenshots (similar to Figure A-19 and Figure A-20) with a brief explanation to demonstrate that you have completed this task.

 

 

2. Write an SQL query to answer the bolded question below based on the WP database that you have created in part 1.

Who are the employees assigned to projects run by the Sales and Marketing Department? The result should be sorted by ProjectID in ascending order, and contain the following information: ProjectID, ProjectName, Department, DepartmentPhone, EmployeeNumber, LastName, FirstName, and OfficePhone.

What to turn in?

· A copy of your SQL script (in text format, not screenshot image);

· A screenshot of the results of running the query.

 

 

3. Wedgewood Pacific (WP) has decided to keep track of computers used by the employees. To do so, two new tables are added to the database. The schema for these tables, as related to the existing EMPLOYEE table, along with the referential integrity constraints, are shown in question WA.3.3 (pages 241 – 244). In addition, Figure 3-31, Figure 3-32, Figure 3-33, and Figure 3-34 are the corresponding database column characteristics for the tables and table data.

 

The schema for these tables is (note that we are purposely excluding the recursive relationship in EMPLOYEE at this time):

The referential integrity constraints:

 

 

Write an SQL query to answer the following question:

Who is currently using which computer at WP?

The result should be sorted first by Department and then by employee LastName, and contain the following information: SerialNumber, Make, Model, EmployeeID, LastName, FirstName, Department, and OfficePhone.

What to turn in?

· A copy of your SQL script (in text format, not screenshot image);

· A screenshot of the results of running the query.

 

4. Using an IE Crow’s Foot E-R diagram, Figure 5-17 (page 365) and Figure A-67 (page A-73) show the database design for the Wedgewood Pacific database (including the recursive relationship for EMPLOYEE) in MySQL Workbench. See Appendix A section 5 (pages A-56 to A-74) for more details.

Use MySQL Workbench to enhance this E-R diagram (Figure 5-17 or Figure A-67) with the COMPUTER and COMPUTER_ASSIGNMENT tables as mentioned in the previous part.

What to turn in?

· A screenshot of the completed E-R diagram.

 
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Software Architecture And Design

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Software Architecture And Design

Trent University COIS 3040H

Assignment #1 Due Feb. 13th, 2015 (submit online by 11:59pm)

1. [20 marks] Consider an automated banking system. Customers access the ABM terminal to deposit or withdraw money or pay bills. TrentMoney wants to set up generic ABMs to cash in on transaction fees. We need to come up with a software architecture that covers the entire system – ABM terminals, Interac, banking servers, and the companies receiving monies for bills. We may not know exactly how the banking servers deal with transactions but we can show the components that they would need and suggest possibilities for communication. Your first step is to identify the components in the system and possible connectors. Then you’ll need to consider the three parts of a software architecture: elements, form, rationale. Then I want you to develop three alternative software architectures for TrentMoney. For each of these provide:

• A description of the architectural style and the rationale for this choice • A description of any architectural patterns chosen and the rationale for these choices • A topological diagram of the system • A deployment diagram of the system

You should submit a professional looking report containing the three alternatives for the software architecture for TrentMoney along with the supporting information. You should also include a recommendation for the architecture that you prefer along with the rationale for your choice. 2. [20 marks] Find 5 examples of software projects that have failed due to faulty design. Describe the reasons for the failure, whether it was caused by an accidental or essential difficulty, and provide solutions for how they could have avoided the failure. 3. [20 marks] Search the Internet for software design tools. Select one of them to write a 1 to 2 pages report on the application of the tool. Your report should including the following:

• Background information – company (URL), motivation of development and purpose of the tool;

• Application – how to use the product (example); • Input/Output and user Interface; • Cost and Product reviews – are there any outside reviews of the product, if so find

them and summarize the review; • Possible references.

 
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Programming assignment

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Programming assignment

Again every programming assignment must include the python program and a file with snap-shots of the program running like the case study. You should at least have two files uploaded.

1.         Teachers in most school districts are paid on a schedule that provides a salary based on their number of years of teaching experience. For example, a beginning teacher in the Lexington School District might be paid $30,000 the first year. For each year of experience after this first year, up to 10 years, the teacher receives a 2% increase over the preceding value. Write a program that displays a salary schedule, in tabular format, for teachers in a school district. The inputs are the starting salary, the percentage increase, and the number of years in the schedule. Each row in the schedule should contain the year number and the salary for that year.

 

2.         The credit plan at TidBit Computer Store specifies a 10% down payment and an annual interest rate of 12%. Monthly payments are 5% of the listed purchase price, minus the down payment. Write a program that takes the purchase price as input. The program should display a table, with appropriate headers, of a payment schedule for the lifetime of the loan. Each row of the table should contain the following items:

•           the month number (beginning with 1)

•          the current total balance owed

•           the interest owed for that month

•           the amount of principal owed for that month

•          the payment for that month

•           the balance remaining after payment

The amount of interest for a month is equal to balance * rate / 12. The amount of principal for a month is equal to the monthly payment minus the interest owed.

 

Hints: on formatting tabular data.

# type this in the console of python

for exponent in range(7,11):

print(exponent, 10 ** exponent) #then hit enter two times to see results

# also try print(“%-3d12d” % (exponent, 10  ** exponent))

#Right Justified

“%6s” % “four”

#Left Justified

“%-6s” % “four”

 

#for float %<field wisth>,<presision>f

“%6,3f” % 3.14

#observe the results

 
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