Bipolar Disorder Depressed

/in , , , , , , , /by

Bipolar Disorder Depressed

Depression in people with bipolar illness (BD) poses significant clinical difficulties. Depression, the most common psychopathology even in BD that has been treated, is linked to excess morbidity, mortality from co-occurring general medical illnesses, and a high risk of suicide. Risks for cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and other medical conditions, as well as the accompanying mortality rates, are many times higher in BD than in the general population or those with other psychiatric conditions (Baldessarini et al., 2020). The likelihood of suicide among people with BD is 20 times higher than the rate for the general population and is higher than the rate for those with other severe psychiatric conditions. In BD, hospitalization, time spent depressed, and mixed and depressive phases are all highly linked to suicide. (Bipolar Disorder Depressed)

Bipolar Disorder Depressed

Signs And Symptoms

Patients with BD frequently fear, try to avoid, report, and seek therapeutic assistance for depression. On the other hand, they might not regard little improvements in mood, vigor, activity, or libido as clinically significant hypomanic symptoms and might even enjoy such states (Barney, 2022). Diagnostic ambiguity is pervasive early in the illness and the absence of corroborating information from a family member or close friend. Initially undiagnosed, bipolar disorder (BD) is characterized by recurrent bouts of mania or hypomania that alternate with depressive episodes (Barney, 2022). Bipolar disorder’s depression phase can cause people to feel down, anxious, or empty, have little to no energy, feel like they cannot enjoy anything, sleep too little or too much, struggle to get out of bed, eat too little or too much, struggle to concentrate or remember things, struggle to make decisions, and even consider suicide or death. People may experience some or all of these symptoms. Bipolar disorder patients can experience extreme sadness and high energy levels (Barney, 2022). Those who experience depression for an extended period, often at least two weeks, are more likely to be in the depressive phase of BD. Patients may experience these episodes infrequently or frequently each year. (Bipolar Disorder Depressed)

Bipolar Disorder Depressed

Pharmacological Treatments

Pharmacological treatment for bipolar disorder depressed includes FDA-approved drugs such as olanzapine and fluoxetine (OFC), quetiapine, lurasidone, cariprazine, and lumateperone. Other common BD-D treatments include classic mood stabilizers and antipsychotics (Yalin & Young, 2020). The first medication that the US FDA expressly approved to treat BD-D was OFC. While treating BD-D, lurasidone is taken alone or in conjunction with lithium or valproate. Cariprazine lessens the symptoms of depression. Recently, lumateperone was licensed for treating depression in either BD-I or BD-II disorder as a monotherapy or as an additional therapy with lithium or valproate. Lithium is beneficial in the short-term management of mood and prevention of mania, and it may be especially effective in a subset of patients (Yalin & Young, 2020). Asenapine, risperidone, clozapine, aripiprazole, and ziprasidone have not received FDA approval.

Nonpharmacological Treatments

Common nonpharmacological treatments for BD-D are electroconvulsive therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) delivers a rapid clinical reaction and can be utilized in urgent clinical conditions, including suicidal behaviors, severe psychosis or catatonia (Levenberg & Cordner, 2022). Patients with BD-D typically notice improvement after seven ECT sessions, while the number of sessions required varies considerably. There is a relatively minimal probability of negative side effects with psychotherapy. Pharmaceutical therapy is supplemented by cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). CBT has been linked to decreased BD-D relapse rates and improved depressive symptoms. (Bipolar Disorder Depressed)

Appropriate Community Resources and Referrals

NAMI and NAMI Affiliates provide people with information about various community resources and support on an individual and family level. For questions concerning bipolar disorder and available resources, contact the NAMI HelpLine at 1-800-950-NAMI (6264) or info@nami.org. The Depression and Bipolar Support Alliance (DBSA) is a national nonprofit that assists people with depression and bipolar mood disorders. The group also provides a support system for parents of kids who have pediatric mood disorders. Assistance is provided through local chapter meetings and online tools like educational videos, discussion forums, and support groups. The American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (AACAP) is a prestigious nonprofit group of doctors and other mental health specialists committed to assisting kids, teenagers, and families experiencing mental, behavioral, or developmental issues. The AACAP offers information for parents on its website, including a link to a local pediatric and adolescent psychiatrist. (Bipolar Disorder Depressed)

References

Baldessarini, R. J., Vázquez, G. H., & Tondo, L. (2020). Bipolar depression: a major unsolved challenge. International journal of bipolar disorders, 8(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40345-019-0160-1

Barney, A. (2022). Depression in Bipolar Disorder: What You Can Do. https://www.webmd.com/bipolar-disorder/guide/depression-symptoms

Levenberg, K., & Cordner, Z. A. (2022). Bipolar depression: a review of treatment options. General Psychiatry, 35(4).

Yalin, N., & Young, A. H. (2020). Pharmacological Treatment of Bipolar Depression: What are the Current and Emerging Options?. Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment, 16, 1459–1472. https://doi.org/10.2147/NDT.S245166

 
Do you need a similar assignment done for you from scratch? Order now!
Use Discount Code "Newclient" for a 15% Discount!

Recommendations for Best Practices

/in , , /by

Part 2: Section 6: Recommendations for Best Practices

Recommendations for Best Practices

Recommendations For Best Practices

The organization must understand the OSI Model, different types of network devices, network defenses, network segregation, proper placement of security devices, network address translation, avoiding disabling personal firewalls, centralized logging, and immediate log analysis as best practices for network security. The organization should comprehend the devices that make up the network in order to build and protect it (Yu et al., 2019). Hubs, switches, routers, bridges, and gateways are the various categories of network devices. Also, the company may protect its network by implementing the right tools and solutions. Firewalls, intrusion detection systems, intrusion prevention systems, network access controls, web filters, proxy servers, anti-DDOS, load balancers, and spam filters are among the most popular and efficient network defenses. (Part 2: Section 6: Recommendations for Best Practices)

Network segmentation includes dividing the network into zones, which are logical or functional components. For instance, the company might have distinct technical requirements for its sales, technical support, and research zones. It can do this by employing switches, routers, or virtual local area networks (VLANs), which are made by setting up a switch’s ports to act like different networks (Netwrix Corporation, 2022). Segmentation restricts the scope of what could be affected by a compromise to that particular area. In essence, it separates one target into several, giving attackers the option of treating each part as a separate network or compromising one and trying to cross the gap. Neither option is desirable. Since the attacker must breach each section separately, treating each segment as a separate network entail much more work and significantly increases the attacker’s risk of being found. Attempting to jump from a compromised zone to other zones is challenging. The network traffic between the segments can be limited if properly constructed (Netwrix Corporation, 2022). Data classification and data protection also benefit from segmentation. Each segment may be given a different set of data categorization rules, configured to the proper level of security, and after that, monitored.

The company must choose where to put each device as it develops its network segregation strategy. The firewall is the simplest device to install; the company should install a firewall at each network zone intersection (Anwar et al., 2021). A firewall ought to be installed on every section of the network. All current switches and routers have firewalls (Anwar et al., 2021). These features only need to be enabled and properly configured by the company. An anti-DDoS device should also be placed on the perimeter so that the company can thwart DDoS attacks before they spread throughout the network. The company should have a web filter proxy behind the primary firewall that serves the public network. (Part 2: Section 6: Recommendations for Best Practices)

Another network security best practice is using network address translation. The company can make up for the IPv4 networking address shortage via network address translation (NAT). Private addresses (internal to a specific business) are converted into routable addresses on open networks like the internet through NAT. For instance, NAT is a technique for using a single IP address to link numerous computers to the internet or any other IP network (Netwrix Corporation, 2022). NAT works with firewalls to add an additional layer of protection to an organization’s internal network. The protected networks’ hosts typically have private addresses that allow them to connect with the outside world, but external systems must pass through NAT boxes in order to access internal networks. Additionally, the company can adopt centralized logging and immediate log analysis. The company should keep track of erroneous computer events like logins and other suspicious activity (Netwrix Corporation, 2022). With the aid of this best practice, the business will be able to reconstruct what took place during an attack and take action to enhance its threat detection system and effectively stop attacks in the future. (Part 2: Section 6: Recommendations for Best Practices)

Recommendations for Best Practices

Why the Proposal Should be Accepted as Best Practices for the Organization

Financial institutions are a lucrative target for cybercrime and network infiltration because of the money. Individuals working outside and inside the banks will likely take advantage of the many vulnerable links in the network architecture and security chains. JP Morgan is a financial institution that is highly vulnerable to security attacks as hackers and malicious individuals seek to access financial account information. This proposal offers a robust analysis of JP Morgan Chase Network Architecture, data management and protection, risk assessment, digital evidence controls, computer forensic analysis, and file recovery, and recommends best practices to ensure network security. The proposal seeks to help the company be more secure by integrating technology and awareness best practices because more than technology is needed to solve network security issues and the cybercrime problem efficiently and effectively. It provides insights into how the company can ensure consumer and organization data security through data management and protection and risk assessment techniques. Most importantly, it suggests to the organization how to protect itself from insider threats by adopting detection strategies, multi-factor authentication, and other preventative measures like system hardening and monitoring of users and networks. These insights are adequate to convince JP Morgan Chase to accept this proposal.   (Part 2: Section 6: Recommendations for Best Practices)

Refences

Anwar, R. W., Abdullah, T., & Pastore, F. (2021). Firewall best practices for securing smart healthcare environment: A review. Applied Sciences, 11(19), 9183.

Netwrix Corporation. (2022). Network security best practices. https://www.netwrix.com/network_security_best_practices.html

Yu, Q., Ren, J., Fu, Y., Li, Y., & Zhang, W. (2019). Cybertwin: An origin of next generation network architecture. IEEE Wireless Communications, 26(6), 111-117.

 
Do you need a similar assignment done for you from scratch? Order now!
Use Discount Code "Newclient" for a 15% Discount!

Nursing Paper Example on HIV [SOLVED]

/in , , , , , , , /by

Nursing Paper Example on HIV [SOLVED]

HIV, a persistent global health concern, continues to affect millions worldwide despite advances in treatment and prevention. This paper offers a comprehensive exploration of HIV, delving into its causes, signs and symptoms, etiology, pathophysiology, DSM-5 diagnosis, treatment regimens, and patient education. HIV, or Human Immunodeficiency Virus, spreads primarily through certain bodily fluids, including blood, semen, vaginal fluids, and breast milk, with transmission occurring through unprotected sexual intercourse, sharing contaminated needles, and perinatal transmission. The early stages of HIV infection may manifest with flu-like symptoms, while progression to AIDS, or Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, results in severe immune system damage and susceptibility to opportunistic infections. Understanding the pathophysiology of HIV, including its interaction with CD4 cells and viral replication mechanisms, is crucial for developing effective treatment strategies. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) forms the cornerstone of HIV treatment, emphasizing the importance of medication adherence and comprehensive patient education. By addressing HIV through a holistic approach encompassing prevention, diagnosis, and treatment, we can strive towards a future where HIV/AIDS no longer poses a significant public health threat. (Nursing Paper Example on HIV [SOLVED])

Nursing Paper Example on HIV [SOLVED]

Causes

HIV, or Human Immunodeficiency Virus, remains a persistent global health challenge, affecting millions of individuals worldwide. The transmission of HIV primarily occurs through certain bodily fluids, including blood, semen, vaginal fluids, and breast milk. Unprotected sexual intercourse with an infected individual constitutes the most common mode of transmission, accounting for a significant proportion of new HIV infections globally. Additionally, sharing needles contaminated with HIV-infected blood, often associated with intravenous drug use, poses a significant risk of HIV transmission. Furthermore, perinatal transmission from an HIV-positive mother to her child during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding can occur if appropriate preventive measures are not implemented.

Understanding the diverse ways in which HIV can be transmitted is essential for effective prevention strategies. Health education initiatives play a crucial role in raising awareness about HIV transmission routes, encouraging safer sexual practices, promoting the use of sterile injection equipment, and advocating for prenatal HIV testing and interventions to prevent mother-to-child transmission. Efforts to combat HIV transmission also encompass initiatives aimed at reducing stigma and discrimination, addressing socio-economic factors contributing to vulnerability, and promoting access to comprehensive healthcare services, including HIV testing, counseling, and treatment.

Despite significant progress in HIV prevention and control efforts, challenges persist in achieving universal access to prevention measures and treatment services, particularly in resource-limited settings. Continued investment in research, healthcare infrastructure, and community-based interventions is essential to accelerate progress towards the global goal of ending the HIV/AIDS epidemic. By addressing the underlying determinants of HIV transmission and implementing evidence-based interventions, we can work towards a future where HIV/AIDS no longer poses a significant public health threat. (Nursing Paper Example on HIV [SOLVED])

Signs and Symptoms

Early HIV infection often presents with nonspecific symptoms that can be mistaken for other common illnesses. These symptoms typically manifest within a few weeks to months after initial infection and may include fever, fatigue, sore throat, swollen lymph nodes, and rash. However, it’s important to note that not everyone with HIV will experience these early symptoms, and some individuals may remain asymptomatic for years.

As the virus progresses, it targets and destroys CD4 cells, weakening the immune system and making the body more susceptible to opportunistic infections and other complications. Consequently, the signs and symptoms of HIV can vary widely depending on the stage of the infection and the presence of associated conditions.

Common complications of advanced HIV infection include recurrent respiratory infections, chronic diarrhea, weight loss, oral thrush, and skin lesions. Additionally, HIV-related neurocognitive disorders, such as HIV-associated neurocognitive impairment and HIV-associated dementia, can manifest with cognitive deficits, motor dysfunction, and behavioral changes.

Furthermore, HIV increases the risk of developing certain cancers, particularly those associated with viral infections such as Kaposi’s sarcoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and cervical cancer. These malignancies may present with specific signs and symptoms depending on their location and extent of spread.

It’s essential for individuals at risk of HIV infection to undergo regular HIV testing, even in the absence of symptoms, as early detection and intervention can significantly improve treatment outcomes. Additionally, healthcare providers should maintain a high index of suspicion for HIV in patients presenting with symptoms suggestive of acute retroviral syndrome or opportunistic infections, particularly in populations with known risk factors for HIV transmission. By recognizing and promptly addressing the signs and symptoms of HIV, healthcare professionals can facilitate timely diagnosis, treatment initiation, and supportive care for individuals living with HIV/AIDS. (Nursing Paper Example on HIV [SOLVED])

Nursing Paper Example on HIV [SOLVED]

Etiology

HIV is a retrovirus belonging to the family of Lentiviridae, known for their ability to cause chronic and progressive diseases in their hosts. The virus primarily targets CD4-positive T cells, a type of white blood cell crucial for orchestrating the immune response against pathogens. Upon entry into the bloodstream, HIV binds to CD4 receptors on the surface of T cells, facilitating viral entry and subsequent infection.

The entry of HIV into target cells is mediated by viral envelope glycoproteins, particularly the gp120 protein, which interacts with CD4 receptors and co-receptors such as CCR5 and CXCR4. This interaction triggers a cascade of events leading to viral fusion with the host cell membrane and the release of viral genetic material into the cell.

Once inside the host cell, HIV undergoes reverse transcription, a process where viral RNA is converted into DNA by the enzyme reverse transcriptase. The viral DNA is then integrated into the host cell genome by the viral integrase enzyme, allowing the virus to hijack the host cell’s machinery for its replication.

The integrated viral DNA, known as provirus, can remain latent within the host cell, escaping immune detection and antiretroviral therapy. Periodically, the provirus can become activated, leading to the production of new viral particles and the spread of infection to other cells.

The progressive depletion of CD4 T cells by HIV ultimately results in immune system dysfunction, rendering the host susceptible to opportunistic infections and malignancies characteristic of AIDS. The pathogenesis of HIV/AIDS is complex and multifactorial, involving interactions between viral and host factors, immune responses, and environmental influences.

Understanding the etiology of HIV/AIDS is essential for developing targeted interventions aimed at preventing viral transmission, preserving immune function, and improving clinical outcomes for individuals living with HIV/AIDS. By elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying HIV infection and pathogenesis, researchers can identify new therapeutic targets and strategies for controlling the spread of the virus. (Nursing Paper Example on HIV [SOLVED])

Pathophysiology

The pathophysiology of HIV infection involves a complex interplay between the virus and the host immune system, leading to progressive immune dysfunction and the development of AIDS. Upon entry into the bloodstream, HIV targets CD4-positive T cells, which play a central role in coordinating the immune response against pathogens.

The initial interaction between HIV and CD4 receptors on T cells triggers viral entry and subsequent infection. The virus utilizes co-receptors such as CCR5 and CXCR4 to facilitate fusion with the host cell membrane, allowing the release of viral genetic material into the cell.

Once inside the host cell, HIV undergoes reverse transcription, where viral RNA is converted into DNA by the enzyme reverse transcriptase. The viral DNA is then integrated into the host cell genome by the viral integrase enzyme, establishing a reservoir of latent viral DNA within infected cells.

The integrated viral DNA can remain dormant or latent within the host cell, evading immune detection and antiretroviral therapy. Periodically, factors such as immune activation or cytokine signaling can trigger the activation of latent provirus, leading to viral replication and the production of new viral particles.

The progressive depletion of CD4 T cells by HIV undermines the host immune response, impairing the body’s ability to mount an effective defense against opportunistic infections and malignancies. Additionally, chronic immune activation and inflammation contribute to tissue damage and systemic complications associated with HIV/AIDS.

The pathophysiology of HIV/AIDS is characterized by dynamic interactions between viral and host factors, immune responses, and environmental influences. Understanding these complex mechanisms is essential for developing targeted therapeutic interventions aimed at suppressing viral replication, preserving immune function, and improving clinical outcomes for individuals living with HIV/AIDS. By elucidating the underlying pathophysiological processes, researchers can identify new strategies for controlling HIV infection and preventing the progression to AIDS. (Nursing Paper Example on HIV [SOLVED])

DSM-5 Diagnosis

While HIV infection itself is not classified as a mental disorder, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), includes criteria for diagnosing neurocognitive disorders associated with HIV. These disorders, previously known as HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND), encompass a spectrum of cognitive impairments resulting from HIV-induced central nervous system damage.

The DSM-5 outlines criteria for two main categories of neurocognitive disorders: major neurocognitive disorder and mild neurocognitive disorder. Major neurocognitive disorder is characterized by significant cognitive decline from a previous level of performance in one or more cognitive domains, such as memory, attention, executive function, language, or visuospatial ability. In contrast, mild neurocognitive disorder involves modest cognitive decline that does not interfere significantly with daily functioning.

To meet the criteria for a diagnosis of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder, the individual must demonstrate evidence of cognitive impairment that is attributable to HIV infection, as evidenced by neuroimaging studies, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, or neuropsychological testing. The cognitive deficits must significantly impair the individual’s ability to perform everyday activities and represent a decline from a previous level of functioning.

Common cognitive impairments associated with HIV include deficits in attention, concentration, memory, executive function, processing speed, and motor skills. These cognitive deficits can manifest with difficulties in maintaining attention, organizing tasks, problem-solving, remembering information, and executing complex motor tasks.

Diagnosing HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders requires a comprehensive assessment that includes a thorough medical history, physical examination, neuropsychological testing, and ancillary investigations to rule out other potential causes of cognitive impairment. Early detection and intervention are crucial for optimizing treatment outcomes and improving the quality of life for individuals living with HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. (Nursing Paper Example on HIV [SOLVED])

Treatment Regimens and Patient Education

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) forms the cornerstone of HIV treatment, aiming to suppress viral replication, preserve immune function, and improve quality of life for individuals living with HIV/AIDS. Modern ART regimens typically consist of a combination of antiretroviral drugs from different classes, targeting various stages of the HIV life cycle.

The goal of ART is to achieve and maintain viral suppression, defined as reducing the viral load to undetectable levels, usually below 50 copies of HIV RNA per milliliter of blood. Viral suppression not only benefits the individual’s health but also reduces the risk of transmitting HIV to others through sexual contact or needle sharing.

ART regimens may include nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), protease inhibitors (PIs), integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs), and entry inhibitors. These drugs work by inhibiting viral replication at different stages of the HIV life cycle, thereby slowing disease progression and reducing the risk of developing opportunistic infections and AIDS-related complications.

Adherence to ART is crucial for treatment success and long-term viral suppression. Patients must take their medications as prescribed, following the recommended dosing schedule and avoiding interruptions in treatment. Poor adherence can lead to virologic failure, drug resistance, and disease progression.

Patient education plays a vital role in promoting adherence to ART and optimizing treatment outcomes. Healthcare providers should educate patients about the importance of medication adherence, potential side effects of antiretroviral drugs, and strategies for managing adverse reactions. Patients should also be informed about the significance of regular follow-up appointments and monitoring tests to assess treatment efficacy and detect any complications early.

Additionally, patient education should address preventive measures to reduce the risk of HIV transmission to others. This includes practicing safer sex by using condoms consistently and correctly, avoiding sharing needles or other injection equipment, and discussing HIV status openly with sexual partners.

Furthermore, patients living with HIV/AIDS may benefit from comprehensive support services, including mental health counseling, peer support groups, and assistance with accessing social services and community resources. By empowering patients with knowledge, skills, and support, healthcare providers can enhance treatment adherence, improve health outcomes, and promote overall well-being for individuals living with HIV/AIDS. (Nursing Paper Example on HIV [SOLVED])

Conclusion

HIV/AIDS remains a formidable global health challenge, necessitating a multifaceted approach encompassing prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. This paper has provided a comprehensive overview of HIV, exploring its causes, signs and symptoms, etiology, pathophysiology, DSM-5 diagnosis, treatment regimens, and patient education. By elucidating the complex mechanisms underlying HIV infection and pathogenesis, researchers and healthcare professionals can develop targeted interventions aimed at suppressing viral replication, preserving immune function, and improving clinical outcomes for individuals living with HIV/AIDS. Furthermore, emphasis on patient education and support services is paramount in promoting treatment adherence, reducing the risk of transmission, and enhancing overall well-being. Continued efforts to address the social, economic, and structural determinants of HIV/AIDS are essential for achieving the global goal of ending the HIV/AIDS epidemic and ensuring a future where HIV/AIDS no longer poses a significant public health threat. (Nursing Paper Example on HIV [SOLVED])

References

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK534860/#:~:text=The%20human%20immunodeficiency%20virus%20(HIV,last%20stage%20of%20HIV%20disease.

 
Do you need a similar assignment done for you from scratch? Order now!
Use Discount Code "Newclient" for a 15% Discount!

Lauren Underwood

/in , , , /by

Lauren Underwood

Assignment 1

Congresswoman Lauren Underwood

Congresswoman Lauren Underwood is the first woman of color, and a millennial to be elected to the house of congress. She also serves as the youngest African American woman in the United States House of Representatives. Before she was elected, she served with the Medicaid plan in Chicago, ensuring it offered high-quality and cost-efficient healthcare services. She was also the US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) senior advisor, aiding communities in the US to prevent, prepare, and respond to public health emergencies such as disasters and bioterror threats (American Nurses Association, n.d.). AT HHS, she supported the implementation of the Affordable Care Act to widen Medicare services, improve healthcare quality, and make progressive changes to private insurance. Congresswoman Lauren Underwood was also an educator, teaching future nurse practitioners via Georgetown University’s online master’s program. She graduated from Michigan University and Johns Hopkins University. (Lauren Underwood)

Congresswoman Lauren Underwood introduced the Momnibus Act 2021, a 12-bill package seeking to deal with long-standing pregnancy and birth outcomes disparities. She introduced the package on February 8 2021, supported by Black Maternal Health Caucus Co-Chair Congresswoman Alma Adams and Senator Cory Booker (Columbia School of Nursing, 2021). She persists in action to end the disparity, considering the US is among the leading countries in maternal mortality rates worldwide. Women of color are three to four times more likely to die during childbirth, despite being controlled for income, education, prenatal care, and insurance status. According to Congresswoman Lauren Underwood, African American women are six times more likely to die during childbirth or from pregnancy complications, which has been the same for decades. The package of bills offers an opportunity to address these disparities and save lives. She calls for relevant stakeholders to invest in social determinants of health, including nutrition, housing, transportation and community groups supporting maternal health and fostering equity (Columbia School of Nursing, 2021). The Perinatal Workforce Act is also part of the Momnibus, aiming to broaden nurse midwives, certified midwives, doulas and obstetricians’ proportions to increase provider availability during childbirth. (Lauren Underwood)

References

American Nurses Association. (n.d.). Nurses serving in congress. https://www.nursingworld.org/practice-policy/advocacy/federal/nurses-serving-in-congress/

Columbia School of Nursing. (2021, February 23). Why nurses should be guiding, making health policy: rep. Underwood offers view from the hill. https://www.nursing.columbia.edu/news/why-nurses-should-be-guiding-making-health-policy-rep-underwood-offers-view-hill

 
Do you need a similar assignment done for you from scratch? Order now!
Use Discount Code "Newclient" for a 15% Discount!

American Imperialism

/in , , , /by

(American Imperialism)

Name

Institution Affiliation

Course

Instructor

American Imperialism

American Imperialism

Introduction

Since independence, the United States has exerted itself in the majority of the world through its foreign policy for various reasons, with economic interests being the primary one. America has expanded its political, economic, cultural, and media influence beyond the boundaries, serving American interests. The US is considered an imperial power after its abandonment of the long-term commitment to isolationism, exercising massive control in the Philippines, Puerto Rico, Guam islands, Hawaii, and Cuba. The US supported organizations, countries, and groups that revolved against other powerful nations like Spain to maintain its regional and global influence. The primary causes of American imperialism are economic competition from powerful nations, political and military competition, and the perception of racial and cultural superiority over other nations and people, particularly in the Middle East. This paper aims to discuss motives and mixed feelings about US War with Spain in 1898 and subsequent expansion overseas. (American Imperialism)

American War with Spain

Spain sailed westward across the Atlantic Ocean in 1492, becoming the first European nation to colonize American territories in the Western Hemisphere. Spain occupied a large territory, from Virginia East Coast to Tierra del Fuego, except Brazil. It also conquered the Philippines and other islands in the Pacific (Library of Congress, 2022). However, the territories shrunk, and by 1895, Spain only controlled Cuba, Puerto Rico, the Philippine Islands, Mariana, and Marshall islands after declaring the independence of the regions that are in the present-day United States. From 1895 to 1898, Cuba and the Philippine Islands fought back against Spain with the culminating United States interventions in both incidences (Library of Congress 2022). The US reinforced military groups in Cuba and the Philippines Islands and, at some point, participated in counterrevolutionary conflicts in the Philippines to expand its global outreach. The war with Spain was revolutionary for American Imperialism as it sought increased involvement in the affairs of other nations (Library of Congress 2022). America stretched its hand into international politics, especially in Latin America. [1]

The US adopts multiple ways of exercising imperialism and luring or forcing countries into treaties and friendships. No matter the approach, there is always a motive, and American interests will always come first. For instance, to expand its influence in neighboring nations like Cuba and Mexico, the US indulges in helping the countries solve their problems and sometimes aligning with a particular leader against the leader opposing American ideologies (The American Yawp n.d.). Taking Cuba as an example, the country had tried but in vain to gain independence from Spain. Spain’s military superiority could not crumble even after multiple uprisings and Gorilla war fairs[2]. The United States was aware of the atrocities Spain committed in Cuba and ordered a military engagement, although not a direct confrontation with Spain. The concern was not primarily for the Cuban people but for the safety of American lives and property in Cuba. In this case, American interests were a priority, serving as the primary motive for offering to help Cuba (The American Yawp n.d.). The fall of the battleship Maine forced a military confrontation between the US and Spain in Cuba, leading to the crumbling of Spain’s military. The American victory was celebrated and considered a “providential act of God,” but some saw it as an opportunity for expansion. The US considered itself to have a mission to accomplish and a duty to deliver globally, and it has been referred to as the American empire.

The US offered a helping hand in various regions, one, to establish a positive image, and two, to use the positive political image to hide the primary motive of helping these nations. For instance, the US claims it fought against Spanish oppression in the Philippines, industrial slavery in Hawaii, and Spanish York in Puerto Rico and Cuba, and helped these regions achieve business prosperity, self-governance, better education, and sanitation (The American Yawp n.d.). The US posits that various regions were oppressed before it came to the rescue, which is an exaggerated depiction of reality and a way to cover the primary motive behind the help. People believed American influence and expansion brought growth and prosperity because the US government and apprentice spread propaganda.

The Cubans and the Filipinos had fought for independence against Spain for a long time, and, with the American help, it was long due because the US did not relinquish the territory to the locals but continued with the occupation until 1902, engaging in multiple confrontations with the Filipino insurrectionists, leading to more deaths than the Spain war (The American Yawp n.d.). Filipinos began fighting for freedom against a nation that had claimed to liberate them from Spanish oppression. The American mission was uncertain among the Filipinos, but the war and the American troops were brutal, raising public attention to the events and debates regarding American imperialism. The primary motive emerged as the continued westward American expansion and an opportunity to show prominence and power worldwide. However, the issues of immigration and American purity raised anti-imperialists who perceived immigration as a threat to American racial identity.

American imperialism, although a controversial topic, accelerated with the US becoming a reckoning force around the globe, especially under President Theodore Roosevelt (The American Yawp n.d.). The United States Shifted attention to global power, given its military strength, territorial expansion, and economic influence. The president focused on strengthening the navy and considered Latin America an important strategic area to apply US foreign policy. The technological advancements and the development of new battleships encouraged the United States to project its foreign policy overseas and expand its influence. Examples include the advocacy for Hawaii annexation, claiming it was within the American sphere of influence, denying Japanese expansion, and reducing threats to the West Coast, which was a strategic trade area, serving as a fueling station to support Asian trade (The American Yawp n.d.). No matter which approach was adopted to exert itself in other countries, the primary motive was protecting and promoting American interests overseas. Military interventions in different circumstances galvanized its objectives, using its might to impose its will in the Western Hemisphere. The federal government and its policies justified the continued military interventions, including establishing military bases to help Cuba and the Cubans’ best interests, which was simply a cover show. (American Imperialism)

Conclusion

American imperialism is a controversial topic that promoted various debates over the centuries regarding the primary motive for expansion. Nonetheless, the primary driving forces remain economic competition, political and military competition, and perception of racial and cultural superiority. The US adopted various ways to exert its presence in neighboring and overseas territories, in most cases offering help against the “oppressor” to cover the main motive. American imperialism and foreign policies continue to live on, as seen in wars the US engages in the Middle East, Europe, and Africa, raising mixed reactions and attitudes.

 Bibliography

Library of Congress. The World of 1898: The Spanish American War. 2022, June 22. https://loc.gov/rr/hispanic/1898/intro.html

The American Yawp. 19. American empire. Stanford University Press, n.d. https://www.americanyawp.com/text/19-american-empire/

 

[1] See Library of Congress (2022) for more information about the American war with Spain.

[2] See The American Yawp (n.d.) for more information regarding American imperialism.

 
Do you need a similar assignment done for you from scratch? Order now!
Use Discount Code "Newclient" for a 15% Discount!

Asthma by Seneca: Seneca’s Purpose in Writing this Essay

/in , , , /by

Asthma by Seneca: Seneca’s Purpose in Writing this Essay

Discussion Board

Analysis

Asthma by Seneca: Seneca’s Purpose in Writing this Essay

In the essay “Asthma,” Seneca writes about his suffering from asthma, describing it as the worst ailment that kept him as his one last breath. In the essay, asthma is described as “rehearsing death” because, ultimately, the breath will give in. Seneca describes his experience with asthma as terrible and oppressive because he is constantly gasping for air. It is a frightening experience and a reflection stimulus on people’s attitudes towards life and death (Hoffpauir, 2021). Seneca’s primary purpose is to describe the experience of living with asthma and the continuous thought of death to increase understanding of life and death. Seneca defines asthma comprehensively, offering a lived experience as a reference point, including his feelings during every asthma attack. He also introduces death and reflects on it, comparing life and death to a lamb when lit and when put out, respectively. Seneca posits that people are wrong when they think death follows after. Instead, he perceives death precedes as well as succeeds. Death was before us, and it does not matter as much as being alive to never being born because, in both, the result is that people cease to exist. (Asthma by Seneca: Seneca’s Purpose in Writing this Essay)

Synthesis

How Each Author Thinks about Illness and Concepts of Illness Match Mine

According to Seneca and his experience with asthma, disease postpones death, and man has always had the vision of dying, which is his salvation. In describing his experience with asthma, he considers it frightening and oppressive, and ultimately, the human body will give in and die. Seneca provides that people die not because of the illness but merely for being alive, even after recovery from illness. The ultimate place for human beings is death; it always awaits everyone. Based on this analogy, people do not escape from death by recovering from illness but from ill health. In “Under the Influence” by Scott Russell Sanders, Sanders writes about his experience with a drunkard father. Clinically, alcohol addiction is a disease that affects individuals who have developed alcohol dependence to the point it affects their functioning and relationship with others. The essay indicates the negatives of drinking and how alcoholic parents impact the life of their children. Alcohol alters an individual’s personality, making Sanders’ father excessively emotional and volatile, becoming scary and unpredictable when drunk (Sanders, 1989). The addiction was a burden to the family, and Sanders always blamed himself, trying to make his father happy. Sanders fears becoming addicted every time he tries a drink. Seneca and Sanders demonstrate how dealing with a disease, either a communicable or an addiction is a struggle, frustrating, and a fight every day to recover from it. Both authors indicate that ill health is frightening to the patient and the family, and the body can always give in to the disease or lose the battle. I think their concepts on illness match mine because I get frightened when I am sick, and I have experience dealing with ill health for a significant period. Death will always come into one’s mind because it is an outcome of ill health in some circumstances. (Asthma by Seneca: Seneca’s Purpose in Writing this Essay)

References

Hoffpauir, J. M. (2021). The Road to Freedom: Seneca on Fear, Reason, and Death. In Political Theory on Death and Dying (pp. 121-131). Routledge. https://www.routledge.com/Political-Theory-on-Death-and-Dying/Dolgoy-HurdHale-Peabody/p/book/9780367437381

Sanders, S. R. (1989). Under the influence. HARPER’S, 68-75. https://sfuadadvancedcnf.files.wordpress.com/2017/01/under-the-influence-scott-russell-sanders.pdf

 
Do you need a similar assignment done for you from scratch? Order now!
Use Discount Code "Newclient" for a 15% Discount!

Interprofessional Collaboration Responses

/in , , , , , , , /by

(Interprofessional Collaboration Responses)

Interprofessional Collaboration Responses

Interprofessional Collaboration Responses

DQ 1 Responses

Response K

Hello,

Thank you for the great post. You have adequately addressed the topic and indicated how interprofessional collaboration care quality and safety and helps reduce medical errors. Indeed, interprofessional collaboration involves team play between healthcare providers from different professional fields. Collaboration requires healthcare providers to assume complementary roles with interdisciplinary teams, cooperate, and share responsibilities to solve problems, make decisions, and develop and act on care plans for their patients (Busari et al., 2018). Research shows that interprofessional collaboration between doctors, nurses, and other team members enhances awareness of each other’s skills and knowledge, contributing to the quality of care and consistent improvement in decision-making. Collaboration demands respect and trust for a team to be effective and for every member to work together to accomplish the desired and shared goals and objectives (Ansa et al., 2020). The joint effort from multiple disciplines is imperative to improving care coordination and solving multiple patient health problems. Additionally, it is associated with care delivery effectiveness and provider job satisfaction. I agree that telehealth is a contemporary trend that will change the nature of interprofessional collaboration because providers will be able to work together without being physically in the same place. (Interprofessional Collaboration Responses)

References

Busari, J. O., Moll, F. M., & Duits, A. J. (2018). Understanding the impact of interprofessional collaboration on the quality of care: a case report from a small-scale resource limited health care environment. Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare, 10, 227–234. https://doi.org/10.2147/JMDH.S140042

Ansa, B. E., Zechariah, S., Gates, A. M., Johnson, S. W., Heboyan, V., & De Leo, G. (2020). Attitudes and Behavior towards Interprofessional Collaboration among Healthcare Professionals in a Large Academic Medical Center. Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland), 8(3), 323. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare8030323

 

Response S

Hello,

That you for the comprehensive and insightful discussion. You have accurately and thoroughly addressed or dimensions of the discussion topic. I concur that interprofessional collaboration involves a coming together of healthcare providers from different fields to deliver care and solve patient health problems. Indeed, interprofessional collaboration encourages team members to complement each and enhance care coordination, increasing the accuracy, effectiveness, and efficiency of care delivery and increasing the quality of care, reflected in reduced medical errors and increased patient safety. Interprofessional collaboration has providers constantly negotiating and interacting to contribute their value and expertise to address healthcare problems (Reeves et al., 2018). Improved interprofessional collaboration is integral to the delivery of effective and comprehensive care. Indeed telehealth requires interprofessional communication and collaboration, currently perceived as a standard professional practice (Ransdell et al., 2021). Interprofessional telehealth involves health-related services from different disciplines to ensure patients receive comprehensive and quality care to ensure patient safety and positive outcomes. (Interprofessional Collaboration Responses)

References

Ransdell, L. B., Greenberg, M. E., Isaki, E., Lee, A., Bettger, J. P., Hung, G., Gelatt, A., Lindstrom-Mette, A., & Cason, J. (2021). Best Practices for Building Interprofessional Telehealth: Report of a Conference. International journal of telerehabilitation, 13(2), e6434. https://doi.org/10.5195/ijt.2021.6434

Reeves, S., Pelone, F., Harrison, R., Goldman, J., & Zwarenstein, M. (2018). Interprofessional collaboration to improve professional practice and healthcare outcomes. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 6(6), CD000072. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD000072.pub3

 

DQ 2 Responses

Response Y

Hi,

Thank you for an informative and insightful discussion. You have comprehensively discussed the Pay-for-Performance model and how it adopts interdisciplinary care delivery to reduce errors and improve the quality of healthcare services. In this model, financial incentives or reimbursements are made based on fulfilling the agreed-upon performance targets (Anselmi et al., 2020). Its primary purpose is to improve healthcare delivery by using a financial aspect as the motivation. Pay-for-performance (P4P) also uses adherence to best practices as a measure of performance. Outcome measures also help assess performance (Kyeremanteng et al., 2019). There is a lack of an established direct link between interprofessional practice and the P4P model, but there is a direct correlation between interprofessional practice and performance (Kyeremanteng et al., 2019). Therefore, for a healthcare organization adopting this model to enhance performance, forming interdisciplinary teams is imperative. Providers work together to increase the quality of care, and patient safety, reduce errors and offer comprehensive care to increase financial rewards or incentives attached to the pre-set performance indicators. (Interprofessional Collaboration Responses)

References

Anselmi, L., Borghi, J., Brown, G. W., Fichera, E., Hanson, K., Kadungure, A., Kovacs, R., Kristensen, S. R., Singh, N. S., & Sutton, M. (2020). Pay for Performance: A Reflection on How a Global Perspective Could Enhance Policy and Research. International journal of health policy and management, 9(9), 365–369. https://doi.org/10.34172/ijhpm.2020.23

Kyeremanteng, K., Robidoux, R., D’Egidio, G., Fernando, S. M., & Neilipovitz, D. (2019). An Analysis of Pay-for-Performance Schemes and Their Potential Impacts on Health Systems and Outcomes for Patients. Critical care research and practice, 2019, 8943972. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/8943972

 

Response S

Hi,

Your discussion addresses a current and innovative approach to healthcare delivery that I enjoyed learning. Indeed The CHECK healthcare delivery model was developed to enhance care coordination and delivery for chronically ill children (Caskey et al., 2019). It adopts expertise from multiple disciplines, including medicine, nursing, social services, and education, indicating the use of the interdisciplinary practice. The system comprehensively addresses social determinants of health, caregivers’ well-being and mental health needs, and disease management, focusing on specific diseases, including prematurity, seizure disorder, sickle cell disease, asthma, and diabetes. These conditions, particularly among children, are associated with increased healthcare costs linked to longer hospital stays or hospitalization, regular readmissions, and increased use of emergency services (Glassgow et al., 2017). The CHECK system uses interdisciplinary teams to ensure well-coordinated, comprehensive, and improved healthcare services. It connects various stakeholders, patients, and providers to improve the quality of care and reduce unnecessary hospitalizations, readmissions, and emergency services use. (Interprofessional Collaboration Responses)

References

Caskey, R., Moran, K., Touchette, D., Martin, M., Munoz, G., Kanabar, P., & Van Voorhees, B. (2019). Effect of comprehensive care coordination on medicaid expenditures compared with usual care among children and youth with chronic disease: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA network open, 2(10), e1912604-e1912604.

Glassgow, A. E., Martin, M. A., Caskey, R., Bansa, M., Gerges, M., Johnson, M., Marko, M., Perry-Bell, K., Risser, H. J., Smith, P. J., & Van Voorhees, B. (2017). An innovative health-care delivery model for children with medical complexity. Journal of child health care : for professionals working with children in the hospital and community, 21(3), 263–272. https://doi.org/10.1177/1367493517712063

 

Response R

Hello,

Thank you for an educative and insightful discussion. Registered nurses’ scope of practice still faces multiple limitations, such as the one you have mentioned, providing nutritional education. Nutrition care provision is critical in promoting healthy bodies and minds and reducing morbidity and mortality rates and medical costs (Mogre et al., 2018). Nurses are less prepared during their education to offer nutrition education and care, limiting their scope of practice. However, there are specialists like registered dietitians who offer nutrition education and can collaborate with nurses to ensure comprehensive nutrition care using a team-based care delivery model (Riverin et al., 2017). This model requires different professionals to offer their expertise in a collective effort to ensure the quality of care and optimal patient outcomes. (Interprofessional Collaboration Responses)

References

Mogre, V., Stevens, F. C. J., Aryee, P. A., Amalba, A., & Scherpbier, A. J. J. A. (2018). Why nutrition education is inadequate in the medical curriculum: a qualitative study of students’ perspectives on barriers and strategies. BMC medical education, 18(1), 26. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-018-1130-5

Riverin, B. D., Li, P., Naimi, A. I., & Strumpf, E. (2017). Team-based versus traditional primary care models and short-term outcomes after hospital discharge. CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l’Association medicale canadienne, 189(16), E585–E593. https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.160427

Response K

Hi,

I enjoyed reading your discussion for its clarity. You have discussed collaborative models of care delivery as integral to offering better patient care, safer nursing care, and achieving better patient outcomes. Collaborative care models are fundamental in addressing the increasing disparities affecting patient outcomes (Martin & Bryant, 2018). Interprofessionalism is embedded in collaborative care models, promoting relationship-building, communication, and collective effort in problem-solving (Sanchez, 2017). I agree that advanced practice registered nurses can be involved in health screening schools and other places, working closely with teachers and school nurses to promote health and prevent disease among school-going children. Interprofessional collaboration is required in such settings because teachers have a role to play. (Interprofessional Collaboration Responses)

References

Martin, R. L., & Bryant, J. A. (2018). Collaboration.

Sanchez K. (2017). Collaborative care in real-world settings: barriers and opportunities for sustainability. Patient preference and adherence, 11, 71–74. https://doi.org/10.2147/PPA.S120070

 
Do you need a similar assignment done for you from scratch? Order now!
Use Discount Code "Newclient" for a 15% Discount!

Congresswoman Lauren Underwood

/in , , , /by

(Congresswoman Lauren Underwood)

Congresswoman Lauren Underwood

Assignment 1

Congresswoman Lauren Underwood

Congresswoman Lauren Underwood is the first woman of color, and a millennial to be elected to the house of congress. She also serves as the youngest African American woman in the United States House of Representatives. Before she was elected, she served with the Medicaid plan in Chicago, ensuring it offered high-quality and cost-efficient healthcare services. She was also the US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) senior advisor, aiding communities in the US to prevent, prepare, and respond to public health emergencies such as disasters and bioterror threats (American Nurses Association, n.d.). AT HHS, she supported the implementation of the Affordable Care Act to widen Medicare services, improve healthcare quality, and make progressive changes to private insurance. Congresswoman Lauren Underwood was also an educator, teaching future nurse practitioners via Georgetown University’s online master’s program. She graduated from Michigan University and Johns Hopkins University.

Congresswoman Lauren Underwood introduced the Momnibus Act 2021, a 12-bill package seeking to deal with long-standing pregnancy and birth outcomes disparities. She introduced the package on February 8 2021, supported by Black Maternal Health Caucus Co-Chair Congresswoman Alma Adams and Senator Cory Booker (Columbia School of Nursing, 2021). She persists in action to end the disparity, considering the US is among the leading countries in maternal mortality rates worldwide. Women of color are three to four times more likely to die during childbirth, despite being controlled for income, education, prenatal care, and insurance status. According to Congresswoman Lauren Underwood, African American women are six times more likely to die during childbirth or from pregnancy complications, which has been the same for decades. The package of bills offers an opportunity to address these disparities and save lives. She calls for relevant stakeholders to invest in social determinants of health, including nutrition, housing, transportation and community groups supporting maternal health and fostering equity (Columbia School of Nursing, 2021). The Perinatal Workforce Act is also part of the Momnibus, aiming to broaden nurse midwives, certified midwives, doulas and obstetricians’ proportions to increase provider availability during childbirth. (Congresswoman Lauren Underwood)

References

American Nurses Association. (n.d.). Nurses serving in congress.  https://www.nursingworld.org/practice-policy/advocacy/federal/nurses-serving-in-congress/

Columbia School of Nursing. (2021, February 23). Why nurses should be guiding, making health policy: rep. Underwood offers view from the hill. https://www.nursing.columbia.edu/news/why-nurses-should-be-guiding-making-health-policy-rep-underwood-offers-view-hill

 
Do you need a similar assignment done for you from scratch? Order now!
Use Discount Code "Newclient" for a 15% Discount!

BUSN319 Marketing Plan Outline

/in , , /by

(BUSN319 Marketing Plan Outline)

BUSN319 Marketing Plan Outline

Marketing Plan for Corner Dogs

Table of Contents

Marketing Plan Outline. 1

Executive Summary. 4

Company Description. 5

Strategic Focus and Plan. 5

Mission and vision statements. 5

Goals. 6

Core competency and sustainable competitive advantage. 6

Situation Analysis. 6

SWOT analysis. 6

Internal Strengths. 6

Internal Weaknesses. 7

External Opportunities. 7

External Threats. 8

Industry Analysis. 9

Competitor Analysis. 9

Customer Analysis. 9

Market-Product Focus. 10

Marketing and Product Objectives. 10

Target Markets. 10

Points of Difference. 10

Positioning. 11

Marketing Program.. 11

Product Strategy. 11

Price Strategy. 11

Promotion Strategy. 11

Place (Distribution) Strategy. 12

Financial Data and Projections. 12

Past Sales Revenues. 12

Five-Year Projections. 12

Organizational Structure. 13

Implementation. 13

Evaluation and Control 13

References. 15

Executive Summary

The proposed business is a hot dog truck seeking to offer both beef hot dogs and vegan hot dogs. It will also offer sausages, snacks, beverages, and soft drinks. The hot dog truck business aims to provide high-quality and affordable products and offer consumers the best experience in the industry. The business goals include being profitable, which is part of its corporate responsibility, competitive, and environmentally sustainable. The hot dog truck business will attain a sustainable competitive advantage through consistent high-quality offerings, promoting innovation in product offering and marketing, providing great customer service, encouraging collaboration among employees, and building healthy relationships with clients. The company will take advantage of the committed management highly experienced employees, limited competition in the area, online commerce, and less startup risk to ensure its success. It will also explore online selling capability, expanding the business chain, changing market preferences for hot dogs, and affiliate relations with suppliers as external points of innovation and business expansion.

The hot dog truck business enters into an expansive industry, with over $19.2 billion in market size. The market is expected to grow by 3.6% by the end of this year, and it is more promising in the future, with healthier options for hot dogs now available. The industry is highly competitive, and the business will consider limited competition in the operation area before startup. The industry has a large customer base, with a high expenditure on hot dogs and sausages. The business can operate in multiple areas due to the large customer base, including busy streets, public parks, around learning institutions and business offices and near entertainment and recreational areas like clubs, bars, and concert places. The marketing and product objectives include offering hot dogs that are delicious, offering consumers a unique experience, ensuring consistent quality, serving customer needs, promoting individual and community health, and offering economic value. The business will differentiate itself from competitors through unique tests and recipes, consistently high quality, incomparable value, great customer service, ceaseless innovation, and embracing social media and online selling. The business also aims to offer cheaper products than competitors. Financial sustainability is key, which will be achieved through effective management and an organizational structure that reduces communication barriers and considers everyone’s perspective in decision-making. (BUSN319 Marketing Plan Outline)

Company Description

The business name is Corner Dogs. The business is a hot dog truck, which is a mobile vehicle that can be operated in different places. The business sells hot dogs, sausages, snacks, and beverages in the streets. The business supplies thousands of US citizens with food every day. Services are quick and easy to access. Operating hours are between 9 am and 9 pm. Generally, the hot dog truck operates in busy areas and streets, around bars and clubs, outside educational institutions, in public parks, and near business offices. Corner Dogs seeks to serve any person in for a quick snack or a simple meal. Typical consumers include office workers, students, tourists, concert goers, bar and club-goers, and anyone in at the operating areas. There are fewer barriers to entry, with the primary one being competition from other hot dog businesses.

Strategic Focus and Plan

Mission and vision statements

The mission of the business is to offer high quality products at an affordable price, the best consumer experience in the industry, and respect for the employees, consumers, the community, and the environment. The vision statement is to be a leader in offering environmentally sustainable hot dog.

Goals

The goals of the business include to make profit, operate a sustainable business, to be a leader in the competitive environment, and serve as an example to the community and other business regarding operating environmentally sustainable business. (BUSN319 Marketing Plan Outline)

Core competency and sustainable competitive advantage

The business aims to ensure consistent high quality, incomparable value, innovative and successful marketing, great customer service, and ensure ceaseless innovation. Other core competencies of the business include promoting collaboration among employees, promoting the right attitude at work and in engagements with clients, build relationships with clients, employees, and partners, inspire others, communicate clearly and effectively, and create accountability. The business aims to get a sustainable competitive advantage through continuous innovation, offering vegan hot dogs, ensuring healthy business-customer interactions, and offering simplicity.

Situation Analysis

SWOT analysis

Internal Strengths
  1. Committed management: The hot dog truck owner is also the manager. The manager is a highly committed to the business, which is critical to its success and continuous improvement.
  2. Highly experienced operator and employees: The business has highly experienced operator and employees in line, which will help it achieve its goals and objectives and be a success.
  3. Limited competition in the operation area: The hot dog industry is highly competitive. However, the business will set up in areas with limited competition, a critical success factor.
  4. High gross margins: Hot dogs business are categorized as business with high gross margins.
  5. Ability to offer products online: The business will adopt online selling and customer engagement, which is a trend for many businesses.
  6. Less startup risk: The risk for starting a hot dog truck is minimal, which encourages entry into the market.
Internal Weaknesses
  1. Competitors can deliver similar offers quickly: It is easy for competitors to offer similar products, making innovation impact short-lasting.
  2. Less barriers to entry: Anyone with interest and money can easily enter the market, increasing competition.
  3. High transportation costs: Operating a hot dog truck in different areas increases transportation costs.
  4. Limited pricing flexibility: Hot dog tend to have a fixed price bracket, and the high competition in the industry limits prices changes.
  5. Lack of permanent personnel: Most people employed as hot dog truck employees are in for side hustle, and it is difficult to find permanent employees.
External Opportunities
  1. Continued expansion of online selling capability: The business will take advantage of the online customer base and digital platforms to sell and engage consumes.
  2. Ability to develop additional chains in form of hot dog trucks: The business can expand by acquiring additional tracks to cover more areas.
  3. Changing market preferences of organic and vegan alternatives of beef hot dogs: Consumers are chasing healthy diets and lifestyles. The business can take advantage of this trend to offer organic and vegan alternatives of beef hot dogs.
  4. Creation of priority products: Priority products allow the business to offer more of what consumers need more, increasing sales and profits.
  5. Affiliate relations with related suppliers: It is easy to take advantage of suppliers who offer consistent deliveries, important for business continuity, through affiliate relations.
External Threats
  1. Changes in regulations: Hot dogs business face changes in regulations, especially food and safety regulations that call for high compliance.
  2. Most products already offered by existing competitors: Existing businesses are already offering most of the products the business intends to offer, including vegan hot dogs.
  3. Increasing insurance costs: The business environment is risker, and security issues, including frequent shootings, increase insurance costs.
  4. Worsening economy with rising inflation: Since last year, Americans are experiencing difficult times due to increasing inflation which raises the price of all items. The worsening economy is not good for business, and every attempt is a risk.
  5. Increase in the price of inputs, causing upward pricing: The upward pricing increase startup cost and cost of product offerings.

Industry Analysis

The hot dog and sausage production industry was at an estimated $19.2 billion market size. The market size is anticipated to grow by 3.6% towards the end of 2022 (IBISWorld, 2021). In the past five years, the hot dog and sausage production industry market size has expanded by an average 2.0% every year since 2017 (IBISWorld, 2021). Compared to other industries, this industry has grown slower that the US economy in general. However, the industry grew faster than the consumer goods and services sector. Per capita meat consumption and increasing competition are the two trends impacting the industry. Majority of hot dogs are still produced using beef and pork. There is a growing trend towards vegan or plant-based hot dogs.

Competitor Analysis

The hot dog industry is a highly competitive one (IBISWorld, 2021). There are well-established chains like the Nathan hot dogs that have occupied a significant part of the market and have established brand loyalty. However, other small chains like hot dog stands, trucks, and kiosks still serve a considerable market size due to their flexibility and availability. Despite the high competition, almost every individual in the US is a consumer.

Customer Analysis

The hot dog market size is large, with Americans spending about $7.68 on hot dogs and sausages (IBISWorld, 2021). Almost everyone is a consumer with little market segmentation. Most consumers are in busy streets, public parks, around learning institutions and business offices and near entertainment areas like clubs and bars. Differentiation by creating unique tastes and recipes and offering additional products like drinks is an approach most business in the sector adopt to establish consumer loyalty. (BUSN319 Marketing Plan Outline)

Market-Product Focus

Marketing and Product Objectives

The objectives of the business is to offer hot dogs that:

  1. Are delicious
  2. Offer consumers with a unique experience
  3. Ensure consistent quality
  4. Serves the needs of all consumers
  5. Promotes consumer good health
  6. Offer economic value

Target Markets

The hot dog businesses targets anyone in need of a quick or simple meal. The business does not restrict its market to particular groups of customers, but it will operate in areas with students, business offices, tourists, concerts, and bars and clubs. The business will also operate in busy streets and public parks with consistent human traffic.

Points of Difference

The business will differentiate from competitors through:

  1. Unique tests and recipes
  2. Consistent high quality
  3. Incomparable value
  4. Innovative and successful marketing, including social media marketing and online selling
  5. Great customer service
  6. Ceaseless innovation

Positioning

The business seeks to occupy the consumers mind as one that offers high quality, tasteful, delicious, and healthy hot dogs. The business targets customers with a lifestyle of quick and simple meals or quick snacks between major meals. The business also targets consumers in need to affordable hot dogs. The product will also position itself in an online space as many consumers continue to appreciate online marketing and selling. (BUSN319 Marketing Plan Outline)

Marketing Program

Product Strategy

The business seeks envisions its hot dogs as moving towards sustainable competitive advantage by taking into consideration current market and industry trends such as appreciation for high quality, but affordable hot dogs, plant-based hot dogs, environmental awareness, flexibility, and the need for complementary products such as drinks and beverages. The business wants to establish a brand loyalty by offering unique customer experiences through unique tastes, toppings, ingredients, and condiments.

Price Strategy

            (i) Break-even Analysis

The business will offer competitive pricing for its products. The aim is to offer cheaper products than competitors, but ensuring profitability. The pricing will be affordable, with prices ranging between $1.5 and $ 3 for a hot dog. Cheaper pricing of products can impact profit margins, and it might take longer to break even. However, if affordability attracts numerous consumers, then it will take a shorter time to break even.

Promotion Strategy

The business will leverage widespread internet and social media to promote its products. The business will create an online presence, adopt online promotion tools such as the use of influencers, and engage potential consumers online. It will also adopt other promotion strategies like arranging a party to raise awareness, participating in community events, using direct sales and marketing, designing brochures, and listing the business on directories. Referrals are also a great way to promote the business.

Place (Distribution) Strategy

The hot dogs will be available to anyone in proximity of the hot dog truck, in public places like parks, busy streets, around business offices, academic institutions, and entertainment facilities like bars and clubs. The business will have a website where it can engage with consumers online and serve their orders. Selling direct to customers in various locations will be the primary delivery mode. The business will also partner with vendors like sports complexes, school cafes, grocers, and recreational centers to promote and offer its brand of hot dogs.   (BUSN319 Marketing Plan Outline)

Financial Data and Projections

Past Sales Revenues

Item 2021                  2020                 
Total revenues $ 103,325 $ 101,849
Total costs and expenses $ 76,153 $ 73,873
Net income $ 27,172 $27,976

 

Five-Year Projections

Item 2026                  2025                  2024                  2023                  2022                 
Total revenues $ 170,600 $ 155,800 $ 126,475 $ 112,750 $ 104,625
Total costs and expenses $ 75,000 $ 82,160 $ 80,100 $ 77,140 $ 76,180
Net income $ 95,600 $ 73,640 $ 46,375 $ 35,610 $ 28,445

 

Organizational Structure

The business will be a sole proprietorship, an unincorporated business with a single owner who is entirely liable to the business capital, taxes, and debts but enjoys all the profit from the business. A sole proprietorship startup cost is low, and establishing and operating the business is simple (Cappellino, 2020). The legal structure is uncomplicated, and operating hours can be flexible depending on customer and business needs. The business will have two employees to help operate the food truck. The organizational structure will be hybrid, with the two employees answerable to the business ownr. Communication and decision-making will be horizontal, but key decisions will be made by the owner.

Implementation

The marketing strategy will be implemented to achieve the overall goal of making the business successful. Implementation will involve executing the developed marketing plan and strategies, including promotion, pricing, product, and distribution strategies. The process will also seek to increase brand awareness, communicating product objectives, identifying target market, and specifying why customers should consider our products instead of competitors’. The implementation will seek to streamline tasks, promote efficiency, and drive business growth.    

Evaluation and Control

Evaluation will help ensure the business is achieving its accomplishments. Evaluation will compared the business performance with project outcomes, and offer feedback on overall business state. The evaluation and control is strategic to help determine the effectiveness of the marketing strategy in achieving the business’ objectives and advising corrective measures. Control will be done through contingency strategies formulation and crisis management. Contingency plans will guide adjustment implementations and continuous quality improvement to help the business remain profitable and relevant for the longest time. Crisis management will help address any disruptive or unexpected event impacting business normal operations, consumers, employees, stakeholders, or income sources. (BUSN319 Marketing Plan Outline)

References

Cappellino, A. (2020). How to choose the right business organization form.

IBISWorld. (2021, September 30). Hot dog & sausage production in the US – market size 2004–2027. https://www.ibisworld.com/industry-statistics/market-size/hot-dog-sausage-production-united-states/

 
Do you need a similar assignment done for you from scratch? Order now!
Use Discount Code "Newclient" for a 15% Discount!

Inadequate Staffing Ethical Dilemma

/in , , , , , , , /by

(Inadequate Staffing Ethical Dilemma)

 Student’s Name

Institution of Affiliation

Course Code+ Course Title

Instructor’s Name

Assignment Due Date

Inadequate Staffing Ethical Dilemma

Inadequate Staffing

Nurses play a crucial role in healthcare. The World Health Statistics Reports that over 3.9 million are working in the U. S. (Haddad et al., 2022). Over 275,000 more nurses will be required between 2020 and 2030, per the US Bureau of Labor Statistics (Haddad et al., 2022). The statistics underline the rising demand for nurses while also signifying an existing nursing shortage. In practice, nurses are mandated to facilitate care, ensure patient safety and optimize for better patient outcomes. The practice environment largely determines the ability of nurses to fulfill these roles. Hence, issues that emerge from inadequate staffing, such as high patient-to-nurse ratios, long shift hours, and unconducive working conditions, significantly impact the ability of nurses to deliver safe and high-quality care. The increasing inadequate staffing issues necessitate an analysis of the ethical dilemma that occurs when nurses serve more patients than they can safely provide care to and put patients and staff at risk. (Inadequate Staffing Ethical Dilemma)

Issue of Ethical Conflict

The nursing continuum still struggles with inadequate staff, high turnover, and unequal distribution of personnel. There are various serious reasons for the nursing shortage, including the aging population, aging workforce, nurse burnout, regions, career and family, growth, and conflicts in healthcare settings. Medical errors, heightened mortality and morbidity rates, and nursing shortages correlate (Haddad et al., 2022). Patients have greater death and failure-to-rescue rates in hospitals with high patient-to-nurse ratios, and nurses in these institutions report feeling burned out and unsatisfied. Legislation to regulate patient-to-nurse ratios has started to be adopted in several states. Despite this, when staff shortages, rations increase to accommodate the demand (Haddad et al., 2022). Nurse shortages create an ethical dilemma because they conflict with the application of ethical decision-making principles, nurse values, and moral values. (Inadequate Staffing Ethical Dilemma)

Principles of Ethical Decision Making

Nurses’ commitment to patient safety guidelines enhances care quality and eliminates practice mistakes. According to a World Health Organization report, poor care causes 64 million disability-adjusted life years (Vaismoradi et al., 2020). One of the top 10 causes of disability and mortality is patient harm while providing treatment. Nurses are obligated to ensure patient safety and minimize or eliminate patient harm in short-term and long-term care provisions. Nurses should adhere to organizational strategies to recognize harm and risks through patient assessment, care planning, monitoring, surveillance effort, cross-checking, providing support, and engaging other healthcare professionals (Vaismoradi et al., 2020). Organizations have clear policies, leadership, and research-motivated safety interventions and nurse training to improve adherence, which is critical in preventing medical errors and achieving sustainable and safer healthcare environments.

Still, nurse shortages hinder organization and nursing initiatives to ensure safety and quality of care. Nurse shortages mean that one nurse is attending to more patients than they can handle, increasing room for error and care abandonment. It creates an ethical dilemma because nurses have to go overboard to promote patient safety among all patients. Inadequate staffing also reduces nurses’ time to offer safe patient care (Vaismoradi et al., 2020). It means patient needs like recovery time and emotional and physical needs are inadequately addressed, compromising the nurse’s moral and ethical obligation because of the heavy overload and heightened stress levels. (Inadequate Staffing Ethical Dilemma)

Ethical Responsibilities of Nurses

Nurses tend to ration clinical care and prioritize their initiatives according to their clinical judgment in healthcare environments with nurse shortages. High patient-to-staff ratios force nurses to restrict or neglect nursing care plans, increasing the risk of undesired clinical outcomes. Nursing care rationing effects go against holistic nursing principles and nurses’ ethical responsibilities, including patient advocacy, accountability, and peer reporting, significantly impacting patient care quality. According to Witczak et al. (2021), adverse effects on patient care quality and safety also originate from missed nursing care due to reduced job satisfaction, increased stress levels, heightened burnout, increased absenteeism, and higher staff rotation.

Nursing care rationing is an ethical concern that impacts nurses’ capacity to advocate for their patients. Unsatisfied, burned out, and stressed nurses cannot advocate for their patients at the same levels as nurses caring for fewer patients because they have limited time to understand patient needs that needs advocating for. Inadequate staffing also affects accountability levels and peer reporting or communication between staff members because nurses are forced to prioritize activities and abandon less-priority tasks, leaving them unfinished (Witczak et al., 2021). There is limited personnel to review nursing care and report inconsistencies because prioritizing is given to treating as many patients as possible, and all nurses are preoccupied. Nurse leaders also provide primary care instead of monitoring and supervising nursing activities, reducing accountability and peer reporting. (Inadequate Staffing Ethical Dilemma)

Principles of Ethics

Nurses are obligated to apply principles of justice, beneficence, nonmaleficence, accountability, and autonomy in clinical decision-making. However, the ethical dilemma posed by inadequate nurse staffing conflicts with applying these principles and nurses’ ethical values. For instance, when nurses have more on the table than they can handle, promoting patient-centered care is more challenging, conflicting with the patient’s right to autonomy (Haddad & Geiger, 2018). Nurses should refrain from practices that increase harm and ensure good for all patients. However, care abandonment associated with high patient-to-staff ratios conflicts with the principles of nonmaleficence and beneficence. High patient-to-staff ratios mean that nurses cannot offer a balance of benefits against risks to every patient. Every patient should be treated fairly and equally. Every patient’s interests compete with another patient’s, and nurses should ensure these competing interests are equally and fairly addressed (Haddad & Geiger, 2018). However, treating every patient fairly and equally is challenging when nurses have more patients to care for. Conclusively, high patient-to-staff ratios conflict with a nurse’s integrity and moral character and the application of ethical principles. (Inadequate Staffing Ethical Dilemma)

How Inadequate Staffing might impact Future Practice

The US needs more nurses to address the issue of inadequate staffing caused by factors such as high nurse turnover, a retiring workforce, and nurse educator and faculty shortages. There is also a problem with recruiting and retaining more nurses with the heightening nursing shortages. The problem is expected to worsen by 2030 when about one million nurses retire and vacate the field. Nursing care rationing will increase due to higher patient-to-staff ratios, further complicating future practice. The problem will continue to affect applying ethical responsibilities and principles and nurses’ moral values. However, technologies such as telehealth can help alleviate the effects of the problem by allowing nurses to see more patients in an optimal way by reducing in-person visits that are considered more laborious. (Inadequate Staffing Ethical Dilemma)

Conclusion

Nurses have a duty to promote patient safety and adhere to the ethical principles and moral values that guide practice. However, the inadequate staffing issues conflict with applying these principles, responsibilities, and values because nurses have more patients than they can safely provide care for. In healthcare settings with inadequate staffing, nurses tend to ration nursing care, leading to cases of neglected or abandoned care, adversely affecting patient outcomes and safety. Inadequate staffing is expected to worsen by 2030, and the healthcare system has to devise ways to address the issue before it gets out of hand. Telehealth is one of the approaches that can help reduce the burden on nurses. (Inadequate Staffing Ethical Dilemma)

References

Haddad, L. M., & Geiger, R. A. (2018). Nursing ethical considerations. StatPearls [Internet].

Haddad, L. M., Annamaraju, P., & Toney-Butler, T. J. (2022). Nursing shortage. In StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing.

Vaismoradi, M., Tella, S., A Logan, P., Khakurel, J., & Vizcaya-Moreno, F. (2020). Nurses’ Adherence to Patient Safety Principles: A Systematic Review. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(6), 2028. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17062028

Witczak, I., Rypicz, Ł., Karniej, P., Młynarska, A., Kubielas, G., & Uchmanowicz, I. (2021). Rationing of Nursing Care and Patient Safety. Frontiers in psychology, 12, 676970. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.676970

 
Do you need a similar assignment done for you from scratch? Order now!
Use Discount Code "Newclient" for a 15% Discount!