Spiritual care to Christian elderly during dying and death process – Answered

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Spiritual care to Christian elderly during dying and death process – Answered

Prepare a spiritual workshop discussing the “spiritual care to Christian elderly during dying and death process.”1. Create a plan for caring for the spiritual needs of elderly Christians during dying process and death.2. Include 2 learning outcomes.3. Include 2 learning activities Document this in 2-page word document. Include a minimum of 4 articles published in the last 5 years (Spiritual care to Christian elderly during dying and death process – Answered).

Answer

Spiritual Care to Christian Elderly During the Dying and Death Process

Plan for Caring for the Spiritual Needs of Elderly Christians

Caring for the spiritual needs of elderly Christians during the dying process and death involves recognizing the significance of faith in providing comfort, hope, and meaning. The plan should focus on creating a supportive environment that honors their beliefs and facilitates a peaceful transition.

1. Assessment of Spiritual Needs:

  • Conduct a thorough spiritual assessment to understand the individual’s faith, religious practices, and spiritual needs.
  • Collaborate with chaplains, pastors, or spiritual leaders to provide personalized spiritual care.
  • Regularly check in with the individual and their family to reassess and address any evolving spiritual concerns.

2. Spiritual Support Interventions:

  • Facilitate access to religious rituals such as prayer, communion, and anointing of the sick.
  • Provide scripture readings, hymns, and other faith-based resources to offer comfort.
  • Encourage and support the presence of family and church members to maintain a sense of community and belonging.

3. Emotional and Psychological Support:

  • Offer counseling and emotional support to help the individual and their family cope with fear, anxiety, and grief.
  • Promote open conversations about death and dying to alleviate fears and misconceptions.
  • Encourage the expression of feelings and provide a safe space for discussing spiritual concerns.

4. Post-Death Support:

  • Provide continued spiritual support to the family through follow-up visits and grief counseling.
  • Facilitate memorial services and other religious rituals to honor the deceased and provide closure for the family.

Learning Outcomes

  1. Participants will be able to assess the spiritual needs of elderly Christians during the dying process and implement appropriate spiritual care interventions.
  2. Participants will demonstrate an understanding of the emotional and psychological aspects of dying and provide holistic care that includes spiritual, emotional, and physical support.

Learning Activities

Activity 1: Case Study Analysis

  • Divide participants into small groups and provide them with a detailed case study of an elderly Christian patient nearing the end of life.
  • Each group will assess the patient’s spiritual needs, develop a care plan, and present their findings and proposed interventions to the larger group.
  • Encourage discussion and feedback to highlight different approaches and enhance learning.

Activity 2: Role-Playing Scenarios

  • Create role-playing scenarios where participants take turns acting as the elderly patient, family members, and healthcare providers.
  • Focus on practicing spiritual assessments, providing emotional support, and facilitating religious rituals.
  • Debrief after each scenario to discuss challenges, insights, and areas for improvement.

References

  1. Balboni, T. A., Prigerson, H. G., Bao, Y., Trevino, K. M., Maciejewski, P. K., Amobi, A., … & VanderWeele, T. J. (2018). Cancer patient and caregiver experiences of prayer and spirituality. Journal of Palliative Medicine, 21(6), 782-790.https://knepublishing.com/index.php/KnE-Life/article/view/10335/16904
  2. Puchalski, C. M., Vitillo, R., Hull, S. K., & Reller, N. (2019). Improving the spiritual dimension of whole person care: Reaching national and international consensus. Journal of Palliative Medicine, 22(8), 836-844.
  3. Mackinlay, E. (2017). Spiritual care: Recognizing spiritual needs of older adults. Journal of Religion, Spirituality & Aging, 29(3), 190-202.
  4. Fitchett, G., Emanuel, L., Handzo, G. F., Boyken, L., & Wilkie, D. J. (2015). Care of the human spirit and the role of dignity therapy: A systematic review of dignity therapy research. BMC Palliative Care, 14(1), 1-8.

(Spiritual care to Christian elderly during dying and death process – Answered)

 
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The American Hospital Association’s Patients’ Bill of Rights

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The American Hospital Association’s Patients’ Bill of Rights

REPLIES WEEK 3 MSN 5550

(The American Hospital Association’s Patients’ Bill of Rights) Reply to these  students  posts with a reflection of their response.

1.

The American Hospital Association’s Patients’ Bill of Rights involves several key points that healthcare professionals should guarantee in the best interest of their patients. In this discussion post, I will discuss how each of these points can be carried out by healthcare personnel. High quality hospital care. The pursuit of high quality hospital care relies on healthcare professionals adeptly merging evidence-based practice, compassion, and respect. This formulated equilibrium ensures that patients receive holistic care that caters to their physical, emotional, and psychological needs. Evidence-based practice, the foundation of modern healthcare, involves weaving research evidence, clinical expertise, and patient values into healthcare decisions, ultimately leading to enhanced patient outcomes. Compassion is essential as it nurtures trust, empathy, and overall well-being, setting healthcare apart from other fields. In addition, respect assumes a pivotal role in preserving dignity, autonomy, and ethical standards, acknowledging cultural differences and patient choices to guarantee patients feel valued and heard (Xiao et. al, 2018).

(The American Hospital Association’s Patients’ Bill of Rights)

A clean and safe environment.

Safeguarding a clean and secure healthcare setting relies on the thorough enactment of specialized rules and methods. These encompasses protocols for infection control, rigorous cleaning routines, accurate utilization of personal protective gear (PPE), and effective waste management. Equally essential are endeavors to enhance patient safety, emergency response strategies, and adherence to regulatory requisites. Both patients and healthcare professionals can also be educated with these topics to promote a clean and safe environment. By honoring these directives, healthcare practitioners can establish a protected environment that reduces infection risks, safety hazards, and regulatory lapses, thus ensuring the utmost care quality for patients (Greene & Samuel-Jakubos, 2021).

Protection of your privacy.

Protecting patient information is both a legal mandate and a moral obligation. The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) is a law that legally upholds patient confidentiality, governing the use and disclosure of protected health information. Both physicians and nurses play vital roles in preserving patient privacy. Some methods of protecting health information include securing medical record storage, control of accessibility, and two-factor authentication. Healthcare personnel should also stay current with ongoing HIPAA training and regulations. In case of incidents, clear response and reporting procedures are paramount in order to promptly resolve flaws in the process.

(The American Hospital Association’s Patients’ Bill of Rights)

Help with your billing claims.

To help with billing claims, healthcare professionals can ensure precise documentation of medical services, verify insurance coverage, and employ accurate coding to minimize claim denials (Xiao et. al, 2018). Prompt submission and effective communication are imperative, providing patients with clarity on billing processes. In case of disputes, professionals can guide patients through appeals and maintain contact with insurers. They also facilitate connections between patients and financial counselors for financial support. In essence, staying proactive eases the billing burden for patients. As you can see, this transformative approach of healthcare professionals ensuring patients’ rights are protected not only benefits patients, but also enhances the overall healthcare experience.

(The American Hospital Association’s Patients’ Bill of Rights)

 

2.

In the present discussion I was able to Examine the effect of legal and ethical practice processes on healthcare. I was also able to apply ethical guidelines to improve my Nursing practice and, in consequence, improve my patients’ outcomes. Healthcare, as the name suggests, means to care for our patients’ health. Our patients are human beings. Starting at this point, we must keep in mind that our patients are biological, psychological and social entities. If one of these sides fails, then the patient will loose the desired healthy balance.

The American Hospital Association’s Patients’ Bill of Rights

Many times we, as healthcare personnel, keep focusing on clinical diagnoses, management, treatment and clinical outcomes. However, the first and big step that makes a difference in those outcomes becomes establishing a good and trustable relationship with our patients. Nurses need to keep this in mind at all times, as Nurses should always advocate for their patients. Advocate means to seek for the best conditions for the patients from the beginning to the end. At this point, we need to ensure that all the patients’ rights are respected and fulfilled. The Sustained Development goals have been followed for many worldwide leaders. These goals promote same rights in all population groups. Also they promote that these groups should be treated with dignity (Kwame, A. Petrucka, P.M 2022).

One of the goals specifically promotes equity in healthcare, which means, same and best possible attention quality to every person who seek health care attention, regardless race, sex, religion, culture beliefs, social level or even if the patient cannot afford the expenses in a health care facility. Every person has the right to get appropriate medical treatment and the right to know who are their healthcare givers. The patients also have the right to know everything about their health condition.

In addition, the patients have the right to participate in choosing a treatment option, after learning the benefits but also the side effects of a given option. The patient has the right to stay in an environment with good hygiene quality. The patients also have the right to decide who can make decisions regarding their condition when cannot speak by themselves and even to decide/give advanced directions in these conditions. At any moment, the patients and their immediate caregivers also have the right to get patients’ education regarding treatment or therapy.

Finally, the patients have the right to keep their information safe and private, which means that this information cannot be shared without consent to any person who is not in their health care team. However, the patients must collaborate with the healthcare team in order to provide all the information regarding clinical history and previous records in order to get a tailored attention and the best possible outcome. In conclusion, the Healthcare team needs to advocate for their patients, making sure that the best quality attention is provided regardless their social condition. The points exposed above are different ways we can advocate for our patients, developing a strong and trustable relationship with them, which is one of the main foundations for obtaining the best possible outcomes.

References

https://www.americanpatient.org/aha-patients-bill-of-rights/

 
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Sociology Discussion Post 3 – Answered

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Sociology Discussion Post 3 – Answered

Respond to two (2) of the following prompts (Sociology Discussion Post 3 – Answered):

Consider the social stratification of your family tree. Compare your social standing to that of your parents and grandparents. If you are unfamiliar with these people, feel free to substitute other family members or acquaintances from other generations. (USLO 3.1)What social traits did your forebears pass down to you? Is there consistency or inconsistency in your family’s status? Which theoretical approach best describes your family’s social stratification? What changes do you anticipate for your family’s future generation? (USLO 3.1)Consider your own experiences with social mobility. How do rules, laws, and societal structures promote wealth and poverty? Do you believe that rules, laws, and societal structure have a greater impact on social mobility than individual traits such as a strong work ethic? Do you believe social mobility has decreased or risen in recent years? How could rules, laws, and societal structures impact your future social mobility? What are some strategies for dealing with this future possibility? (USLO 3.2)What is the relationship between subjective, absolute, and relative poverty and inequality/inequity? Who benefits from poverty, inequality, and inequity? Can policies be enacted to eliminate various forms of poverty and break the cycle of poverty? What are the advantages and disadvantages of enacting such policies? What role does the cycle of poverty play in maintaining social stratification, especially for women through the global feminization of poverty? (USLO 3.3)Which of the three theoretical approaches (functionalist, conflict, or symbolic interactionist) would you use to explain why healthcare injustice and inequity occurs and what to do about it? (USLO 3.4)What role does healthcare injustice play in perpetuating the system of stratification? How does the healthcare system maintain social stratification? Is healthcare injustice harming our society as a whole? (USLO 3.4).

Answer

Social Stratification and Mobility in My Family

In examining the social stratification within my family tree, I observe both consistency and some degree of social mobility. My grandparents were working-class individuals, primarily engaged in manual labor and service industry jobs. They lived in modest homes and had limited access to higher education. My parents, however, experienced upward mobility; both obtained college degrees and secured middle-class professional occupations. Consequently, I have benefited from this foundation, pursuing higher education and entering a professional career myself. This trajectory demonstrates a gradual improvement in social standing over generations.

The theoretical approach that best describes my family’s social stratification is the functionalism perspective. Functionalism suggests that social stratification exists because it contributes to the overall stability and functioning of society. Each generation in my family contributed to society in various roles, gradually improving their social standing through hard work and education, which aligns with the functionalist idea of meritocracy.

Looking ahead, I anticipate that my family’s future generations will continue to benefit from the increased access to education and opportunities that my parents and I have established. However, I am also aware that social mobility can be influenced by broader societal factors.

Social Mobility and Structural Influences

My experiences with social mobility reflect both the benefits of individual effort and the significant impact of structural factors. Rules, laws, and societal structures play a crucial role in promoting wealth and poverty. For instance, policies that support access to education, healthcare, and economic opportunities can enhance social mobility. Conversely, systemic inequalities and discriminatory practices can hinder it. I believe that societal structures often have a greater impact on social mobility than individual traits like a strong work ethic, as structural barriers can limit opportunities regardless of personal effort.

In recent years, social mobility has been perceived to be more challenging due to growing economic inequalities. Policies that promote fair wages, accessible education, and affordable healthcare can positively impact social mobility. Strategies to address future possibilities include advocating for policy changes, participating in community organizations, and leveraging social networks for support and opportunities.

Poverty, Inequality, and Theoretical Approaches

The relationship between subjective, absolute, and relative poverty highlights different dimensions of economic hardship and inequality. Subjective poverty refers to individuals’ perceptions of their economic status, absolute poverty defines a minimum level of subsistence, and relative poverty compares individuals’ income to societal standards. Poverty and inequality benefit those in higher social strata who gain from low-cost labor and maintain their status through existing power structures.

Policies to eliminate poverty can break its cycle but may face resistance due to political and economic interests. Such policies can include increasing minimum wage, providing universal healthcare, and ensuring affordable housing. While these policies can reduce inequality, they may also face criticism for potential economic impacts and the challenge of balancing resource allocation.

The conflict theory approach is most suitable for explaining healthcare injustice and inequity. Conflict theory posits that social stratification results from the ongoing conflict between different social groups competing for resources (Campbell, 2021). Healthcare injustice perpetuates stratification by disproportionately affecting disadvantaged groups, limiting their access to necessary services, and maintaining their lower social status. Addressing healthcare inequity through policies that ensure equal access and address social determinants of health can mitigate its harmful effects on society.

Generally, understanding the interplay between individual efforts and structural factors, along with implementing targeted policies, can foster greater social mobility and reduce inequalities. Acknowledging and addressing the systemic nature of healthcare injustice is essential for promoting a more equitable society.

References

Campbell B. (2021). Social Justice and Sociological Theory. Society, 58(5), 355–364. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12115-021-00625-4

(Sociology Discussion Post 3 – Answered)

 
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Changes that occurred to the ACA in 2014 – Answered

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Changes that occurred to the ACA in 2014 – Answered

APA format at least one reference Question You are asked to review and discuss changes that occurred to the ACA in 2014. There were several impactful changes, tell me how you think these changes will improve or damage the act overall (Changes that occurred to the ACA in 2014 – Answered).

Answer

Changes to the Affordable Care Act (ACA) in 2014: Impact Analysis

In 2014, the Affordable Care Act (ACA) underwent several significant changes aimed at expanding access to healthcare, enhancing coverage, and reducing costs. One of the most impactful changes was the implementation of the individual mandate, which required most Americans to have health insurance or face a tax penalty. This mandate aimed to broaden the insurance pool by encouraging younger and healthier individuals to enroll, thereby balancing the risk and reducing premiums for everyone (Blumenthal et al., 2015).

Another major change was the expansion of Medicaid to include all individuals with incomes up to 138% of the federal poverty level. This expansion was designed to cover more low-income individuals who previously fell into a coverage gap—earning too much to qualify for traditional Medicaid but too little to afford private insurance (Kaiser Family Foundation, 2019). States that adopted the Medicaid expansion saw significant reductions in uninsured rates and improved access to care.

The establishment of Health Insurance Marketplaces was also a key change in 2014. These marketplaces provided a platform for individuals and small businesses to compare and purchase insurance plans, with many qualifying for subsidies to offset costs. This increased transparency and competition among insurers, theoretically driving down prices and improving plan quality.

These changes were intended to improve the ACA by increasing coverage and making healthcare more affordable. However, there are arguments that these modifications also introduced challenges. The individual mandate faced criticism for imposing penalties on those who could not afford insurance, leading to financial strain. Additionally, while the Medicaid expansion benefited many, states that opted out left millions without coverage, exacerbating inequalities in healthcare access.

Overall, the changes in 2014 were designed to strengthen the ACA by expanding coverage and making healthcare more accessible and affordable. Despite some criticisms and implementation challenges, these modifications largely succeeded in reducing the uninsured rate and improving healthcare access for millions of Americans.

References

Blumenthal, D., Abrams, M., & Nuzum, R. (2015). The Affordable Care Act at 5 years. New England Journal of Medicine, 372(25), 2451-2458. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMhpr1503614

Kaiser Family Foundation. (2019). Medicaid expansion enrollment. https://www.kff.org/medicaid/issue-brief/medicaid-expansion-enrollment-snapshot-data/

(Changes that occurred to the ACA in 2014 – Answered)

 
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Describe a change initiative that was implemented in a healthcare setting – Answered

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Describe a change initiative that was implemented in a healthcare setting – Answered

Describe a change initiative that was implemented in a healthcare setting (your own work setting, from the literature or from the experiences of other professional nurses) that resulted in conflict, chaos or crisis (use fictitious names for people and organizations). Discuss the change initiative,  how the change was implemented, by whom, and the outcome. In consideration of this week’s readings, describe how you as a nurse leader, would have managed the change initiative. Expectations Initial Post:us one US source from the last 5 years, Also pick topic in a Critical care setting Length: 150 – 250 Words (Describe a change initiative that was implemented in a healthcare setting – Answered).

Answer

Change Initiative in a Critical Care Setting: A Case of EHR Implementation

In 2019, Sunrise Medical Center implemented a new Electronic Health Record (EHR) system to improve patient care and streamline operations. The initiative, led by Dr. Smith, the Chief Information Officer, aimed to replace the outdated system with a more advanced, interoperable EHR.

Implementation and Outcome

The EHR implementation was rolled out in phases across various departments, starting with the critical care unit (CCU). Training sessions were conducted, but they were insufficient and rushed due to tight deadlines. Nurses and physicians struggled with the new system, leading to increased errors, workflow disruptions, and frustration. The transition period was marked by high stress levels and frequent conflicts among staff, as they navigated the complex interface. Patient care was compromised, with reports of medication errors and delayed treatments. Ultimately, the initiative resulted in a temporary decline in patient outcomes and staff morale.

Managing the Change Differently

As a nurse leader, I would have approached the change initiative with a more structured and supportive strategy. First, I would ensure comprehensive and phased training programs, allowing ample time for staff to become proficient with the new system. Additionally, involving frontline staff in the planning and implementation stages would help identify potential issues and foster a sense of ownership. Continuous feedback mechanisms, such as regular check-ins and a dedicated support team, would address concerns promptly and mitigate stress. Emphasizing transparent communication and providing emotional support during the transition would help maintain morale and cohesion. Lastly, I would implement a pilot program in a smaller unit before a full-scale rollout to identify and rectify issues early.

Reference

  • McCarthy, C., & Eastman, D. (2019). Change Management Strategies for Successful EHR Implementation. Journal of Healthcare Management, 64(2), 112-121. https://doi.org/10.1097/JHM-D-18-00037

(Describe a change initiative that was implemented in a healthcare setting – Answered)

 
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Stakeholders in a communication plan

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Stakeholders in a communication plan

What type of stakeholders need to be involved in a communication plan for your business plan? Provide a rationale. PLEASE INCLUDED IN-TEXT CITATION AND REFERENCE

Stakeholders in a communication plan

Key Stakeholders in a Business Communication Plan

A successful communication plan requires the involvement of key stakeholders who play essential roles in shaping the direction and outcomes of a business plan. The stakeholders typically involved in a communication plan include internal and external entities, such as employees, management, investors, customers, and suppliers. Each group brings unique perspectives and contributes to the alignment of goals and objectives within the organization. Below are the primary stakeholders that need to be included in the communication plan, along with the rationale for their involvement.

1. Employees

Employees are critical stakeholders in any communication plan as they are responsible for implementing the business plan on a day-to-day basis. Effective communication with employees ensures that they understand the organization’s goals, their roles, and the expectations placed upon them. It also fosters a sense of ownership and motivation, leading to higher productivity and engagement. According to Men (2014), clear and consistent communication with employees is key to enhancing job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Employees who are well-informed are more likely to align their actions with the company’s objectives, thus ensuring the success of the business plan.

2. Management and Leadership Team

The leadership team, including executives and department heads, must be involved in the communication plan as they are responsible for overseeing the execution of the business plan. Their involvement ensures that strategic goals are communicated effectively across all levels of the organization. Management is also key to decision-making and resource allocation, so their participation helps to resolve any challenges or barriers to the business plan’s success. As noted by Argenti (2015), strong communication from leadership is essential for setting a clear direction and maintaining focus on the long-term vision of the organization. (Stakeholders in a communication plan)

3. Investors and Shareholders

Investors and shareholders need to be included in the communication plan to keep them informed about the business’s progress and any financial implications of the plan. Transparent communication reassures investors that the company is managing their investments wisely and meeting its objectives. It also helps in building trust and ensuring continued financial support. Engaging these stakeholders is critical for gaining their approval and backing for future initiatives, which can directly influence the success of the business plan. Argenti (2015) emphasizes that clear communication with investors strengthens relationships and supports the company’s credibility in financial markets.

4. Customers

Customers are an external but crucial stakeholder group whose feedback can shape the direction of a business plan. They directly affect revenue generation and the company’s reputation. A communication plan that actively engages customers by providing updates, gathering feedback, and addressing their needs helps ensure that the business plan remains customer-centric. According to Men (2014), maintaining transparent and continuous communication with customers can boost loyalty and increase their willingness to advocate for the company.

5. Suppliers and Partners

Suppliers and business partners should be involved in the communication plan to ensure that the supply chain and business operations run smoothly. Keeping them informed about the company’s strategic goals, timelines, and expectations helps align their efforts with the organization’s objectives. Effective communication with these stakeholders fosters collaboration and enables the organization to maintain strong relationships that are critical to the success of the business plan. Men (2014) highlights the importance of strong supplier relationships and how communication plays a role in fostering cooperation and trust between businesses.

Conclusion

Engaging key stakeholders such as employees, management, investors, customers, and suppliers in the communication plan ensures that all parties are aligned with the business plan’s goals. These stakeholders provide input, support, and resources that are essential for the successful implementation of the plan. Clear and consistent communication fosters trust, collaboration, and engagement, which are vital for driving the organization toward its desired outcomes.

References

Argenti, P. A. (2015). Corporate communication (7th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.

Men, L. R. (2014). Strategic internal communication: Transformational leadership, communication channels, and employee satisfaction. Management Communication Quarterly, 28(2), 264-284. https://doi.org/10.1177/0893318914524536

 
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Emotional Trauma and Amnesia

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Emotional Trauma and Amnesia

(Emotional Trauma and Amnesia)

Write a paper on one of the three topics listed below. The first two topics deal with different types and causes of amnesia. The last topic involves analyzing the nature versus nurture controversy and proposing one resolution to this debate.

The Assignment:

Select one of the following topics and write a 5-page paper. Your paper must follow APA guidelines including proper citations of references:

  • Amnesia due to emotional trauma:
    There is scientific consensus that amnesia can be caused by head trauma and other organic causes. More controversial is amnesia caused by emotional trauma. There is little or no experimental evidence for the psychodynamic mechanism of repression. Yet movies portray this as a common event. Do you believe that amnesia can be caused by emotional trauma? What possible underlying mechanism would explain this phenomenon in neurologic terms? What doubts are cast by researches on the validity of psychological amnesia? You must address both the pros and cons of this issue and demonstrate critical thinking, not just advocating one position over the other. Support your paper using the current literature.
  • Amnesia in Korsakoff’s syndrome:
    Compare and contrast the amnesia associated with bilateral medial-temporal lobectomy and that associated with Korsakoff ‘s syndrome. Support your paper using the current literature.
  • Nature vs. Nurture Controversy:
    Critically evaluate the nature versus nurture controversy and formulate one resolution to this debate.

Emotional Trauma and Amnesia

Amnesia Due to Emotional Trauma

Amnesia, or memory loss, is a condition that can arise from various causes, often leading to significant distress in affected individuals. While amnesia due to head trauma or organic causes like brain damage has been well-documented, the phenomenon of amnesia caused by emotional trauma is more contentious and less understood. Movies and popular media often portray individuals forgetting traumatic events, raising the question: Can emotional trauma truly cause amnesia? The scientific community has long debated whether amnesia can be attributed to emotional trauma or whether such memory loss can be explained by psychological or psychodynamic mechanisms. In this paper, we will explore the debate surrounding emotional trauma-induced amnesia, examining both the arguments in favor and against this concept. By reviewing the underlying mechanisms, scientific literature, and psychological perspectives, we aim to critically analyze the validity of amnesia resulting from emotional trauma and consider how it might be understood neurologically.

Causes

Amnesia caused by emotional trauma, also known as psychological amnesia, has been described in both clinical and anecdotal reports. Theories explaining the occurrence of memory loss due to emotional trauma often point to the intense emotional stress that accompanies traumatic events. For example, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and dissociative disorders, which result from overwhelming emotional stress, can lead to fragmented or incomplete memory retention. Some proponents of psychological amnesia argue that the mind may block out traumatic memories as a protective mechanism, preventing individuals from reliving the trauma. While the existence of this phenomenon is widely accepted in the clinical treatment of trauma, scientific consensus on the neurological basis remains lacking. Unlike physical causes of amnesia, such as brain injury, emotional trauma does not leave a clear organic mark in the brain, complicating research into this type of memory loss.

Signs and Symptoms

The symptoms of emotional trauma-induced amnesia can vary in severity and nature. Often, individuals experience gaps in memory related to the traumatic event, or they may have difficulty recalling details leading up to or following the event. These memory lapses may be selective, with the person forgetting specific aspects of the trauma while retaining other, non-related memories. The emotional impact of trauma can lead to persistent feelings of fear, anxiety, or detachment, which may manifest as dissociative episodes. Such symptoms are often associated with PTSD, where the person may relive the traumatic experience in flashbacks or nightmares, but remain unable to recall the event fully. Individuals may also struggle with general memory impairment, including an inability to recall personal information, such as their name or daily activities, though these effects are typically less pronounced than those caused by physical amnesia.

Etiology

The underlying causes of emotional trauma-induced amnesia are still debated, but it is generally believed that the brain’s response to extreme stress plays a central role. In situations of emotional trauma, the brain releases hormones such as cortisol and adrenaline, which can interfere with memory processing, particularly in the hippocampus, the region responsible for forming new memories. Some researchers propose that during highly stressful events, the brain may prioritize survival instincts over memory consolidation, leading to selective memory loss. Additionally, individuals with pre-existing mental health conditions, such as anxiety or depression, may be more vulnerable to developing trauma-induced memory issues. However, there is a significant lack of direct experimental evidence proving the existence of psychological amnesia, and many studies have shown that emotional trauma does not always result in memory loss.

Pathophysiology

From a neurological perspective, emotional trauma-induced amnesia is challenging to explain. While head injuries and organic brain damage clearly result in structural changes to the brain, the impact of emotional trauma on the brain is less tangible. Research into the pathophysiology of psychological amnesia often points to dysfunctions in the hippocampus and other brain regions associated with memory. However, unlike in cases of organic amnesia, no physical injury or degeneration is typically observed in patients with emotional trauma-related memory loss. Neuroimaging studies have shown that emotional distress can alter brain activity, particularly in the amygdala, which processes emotions, and the hippocampus. In some cases, heightened emotional responses to trauma may disrupt normal memory processing, but whether this results in permanent memory loss remains inconclusive.

DSM-5 Diagnosis

The DSM-5, the diagnostic manual for mental health disorders, does not specifically recognize emotional trauma-induced amnesia as a standalone condition. However, the diagnostic criteria for PTSD and dissociative disorders often include memory disturbances, which can be seen in cases where emotional trauma leads to memory gaps. Dissociative amnesia, for instance, is defined by the inability to recall important personal information, usually following a traumatic or stressful event. However, the DSM-5’s diagnostic framework emphasizes that dissociative amnesia typically results from psychological factors, rather than organic causes. Consequently, emotional trauma-induced memory loss may be classified as a symptom of a larger mental health condition, such as PTSD, rather than a distinct disorder.

Treatment Regimens

The treatment of emotional trauma-induced amnesia generally involves a multifaceted approach aimed at addressing the underlying trauma and alleviating symptoms. Psychological therapies, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), are commonly used to help individuals process traumatic memories and reduce symptoms of PTSD. These therapies aim to help individuals confront and reframe traumatic memories, which may, in turn, improve memory retention. In some cases, medications such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) may be prescribed to address symptoms of anxiety and depression. However, the treatment of psychological amnesia remains a subject of ongoing research, as the effectiveness of these interventions varies across individuals and may not fully address the memory loss associated with emotional trauma.

Patient Education

Educating patients about the potential impact of emotional trauma on memory and mental health is crucial. Patients should be informed that memory loss following trauma may be temporary or selective and that it is possible for memories to return over time. It is important for patients to understand that recovery from trauma-related memory loss is often a gradual process, and that healing involves addressing both emotional and cognitive aspects. Providing reassurance, validating their experience, and offering resources such as support groups can be helpful for patients struggling with memory issues following emotional trauma. Education should also emphasize the importance of seeking professional help if memory disturbances interfere with daily life, as early intervention can improve outcomes.

Complications

While emotional trauma-induced amnesia may resolve in some individuals over time, it can lead to a range of complications if left untreated. Ongoing memory difficulties can interfere with a person’s ability to function in daily life, including work, social relationships, and self-care. In severe cases, the inability to recall critical information about one’s identity can lead to significant emotional distress and exacerbate feelings of confusion or anxiety. Additionally, untreated emotional trauma can lead to the development of other mental health disorders, such as depression, anxiety, or chronic PTSD. These complications underscore the importance of early diagnosis and treatment to prevent long-term consequences.

Prevention

Preventing emotional trauma-induced amnesia largely focuses on preventing trauma itself, as well as providing early intervention and support for those at risk. Effective prevention strategies include trauma-informed care, which recognizes the widespread impact of trauma on mental health and incorporates this understanding into medical and therapeutic practices. Additionally, promoting resilience through stress management techniques, emotional regulation training, and social support can help individuals cope with stressors and reduce the likelihood of trauma-related memory disturbances. Early psychological interventions for individuals exposed to traumatic events may also help prevent the development of PTSD and memory problems, improving long-term mental health outcomes.

Prognosis

The prognosis for individuals with emotional trauma-induced amnesia varies depending on the severity of the trauma, the presence of comorbid mental health conditions, and the effectiveness of treatment. For some individuals, memory loss may resolve as they process the traumatic event through therapy, while others may continue to experience gaps in memory or other cognitive difficulties. With appropriate treatment, the prognosis is generally favorable, and many individuals can regain lost memories over time. However, for those who do not receive adequate care or experience ongoing trauma, the prognosis may be less positive, with persistent memory issues and emotional distress.

Conclusion

In conclusion, emotional trauma-induced amnesia remains a controversial and poorly understood phenomenon in the field of psychology and neuroscience. While there is some evidence to suggest that emotional trauma can impact memory, the mechanisms behind this process remain unclear. Psychological amnesia may be best understood through a combination of psychological theories and neurological research, but further studies are needed to clarify the underlying processes. Ultimately, the debate over the validity of emotional trauma-induced amnesia highlights the complexity of memory and the mind-body connection. Understanding this condition requires a nuanced approach that acknowledges both psychological and neurological perspectives, offering hope for those affected by memory disturbances related to trauma.

 
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Assignment 3: Capstone Research Project (Solved)

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Assignment 3: Capstone Research Project (Solved)

Question description (Assignment 3: Capstone Research Project (Solved))

PLEASE PROVIDE COMPLETE REFERENCES (ALL INFORMATION THAT WILL ENABLE ME TO PULL UP THE SOURCE ONLINE)  FOR WORKS CITED

Due Week 10 and worth 440 points

Assume you are the partner in an accounting firm hired to perform the audit on a fortune 1000 company.  Assume also that the initial public offering (IPO) of the company was approximately five (5) years ago and the company is concerned that, in less than five (5) years after the IPO, a restatement may be necessary. During your initial evaluation of the client, you discover the following information:

  • The client is currently undergoing a three (3) year income tax examination by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS). A significant issue involved in the IRS audit encompasses inventory write-downs on the tax returns that are not included in the financial statements. Because of the concealment of the transaction, the IRS is labeling the treatment of the write-down as fraud.
  • The company has a share-based compensation plan for top-level executives consisting of stock options. The value of the options exercised during the year was not expensed or disclosed in the financial statements.
  • The company has several operating and capital leases in place, and the CFO is considering leasing a substantial portion of the assets for future use. The current leases in place are arranged using special purpose entities (SPEs) and operating leases.
  • The company seeks to acquire a global partner, which will require IFRS reporting.
  • The company received correspondence from the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) requesting additional supplemental information regarding the financial statements submitted with the IPO.

Write an eight to ten (8-10) page paper in which you:

  1. Evaluate any damaging financial and ethical repercussions of failure to include the inventory write-downs in the financial statements. Prepare a recommendation to the CFO, evaluating the negative impact of a civil fraud penalty on the corporation as a result of the IRS audit. In the recommendation, include essential internal control procedures to prevent fraudulent financial reporting from occurring, as well as the major obligation of the CEO and CFO to ensure compliance.
  2. Examine the negative results on stakeholders and the financial statements of an IRS audit which generates additional tax and penalties or subsequent audits. Assume that the subsequent audit and / or additional tax and penalties result from the taxpayer’s use of an inventory reserve account, applying a 10 percent reduction to inventory over three (3) years.
  3. Discuss the applicable federal tax laws, regulations, rulings, and court cases related to the inventory write-downs, and explain the specific relevance of each to the write-down.
  4. Research the current generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) regarding stock option accounting. Evaluate the current treatment of the company’s share-based compensation plan based on GAAP reporting. Contrast the financial benefits and risks of the share-based compensation stock option plan with the financial benefits and risks of a share-based stock-appreciation rights plan (SARS). Recommend to the CFO which plan the company should use, and provide the correct accounting treatment for each.
  5. Research the reporting requirements for lease reporting under GAAP and International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). Based on your research, create a proposal for future lease transactions to the CFO. Within the proposal, discuss the use of off-the-balance sheet financing arrangements, capital leases, and operating leases, and indicate the related business and financial risks of each.
  6. Create an argument for or against a single set of international accounting standards related to lease accounting based on the global market and cross border leases of assets. Examine the benefits and risks of your chosen position.
  7. Examine the major implications of SAS 99 based on the factors you discovered during the initial evaluation of the company. Provide support for your rationale.
  8. Analyze the potential for a material misstatement in the financial statements based on the issues identified in your initial evaluation. Make a recommendation to the CFO for the issuance of   restated financial statement restatement. Identify at least three (3) significant issues that can result from the failure to issue restated financial statements.
  9. Examine the economic effect of restatement of the financial statements on investors, employees, customers, and creditors.
  10. Use five (5) quality academic resources in this assignment. Note: Wikipedia and other Websites do not qualify as academic resources.

Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:

  • Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.
  • Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length.

The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:

  • Analyze accounting situations to apply the proper accounting rules and make recommendations to ensure compliance with generally accepted accounting principles.
  • Analyze business situations to determine the appropriateness of decision making in terms of professional standards and ethics
  • Analyze business situations and apply advanced federal taxation concepts.
  • Use technology and information resources to research issues in accounting.
  • Write clearly and concisely about accounting using proper writing mechanics.

Grading for this assignment will be based on answer quality, logic / organization of the paper, and language and writing Assignment 3: Capstone Research Project (Solved)

Assignment 3 Capstone Research Project Grading Rubric.docx

 
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Responding to Bias and Prejudice Toward Psychopathology (Solved)

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Responding to Bias and Prejudice Toward Psychopathology (Solved)

In last week’s journal, you honestly reflected on your thoughts regarding abnormal psychology. Through that reflection, you may have recognized that you have some biases or prejudices toward specific groups of people. Recognizing any possible biases and prejudices is an essential step toward becoming a scholar of psychology. Taking reasonable steps toward resolving those biases and prejudices is a significant opportunity for personal growth and professional development (Responding to Bias and Prejudice Toward Psychopathology (Solved)).

This 250- to 500-word journal entry is an opportunity for you to describe ways that you might go about resolving any biases and prejudices within yourself. Alternatively, you may want to write about how you will respond to bias and prejudice you might encounter in your everyday life.

For instance, what kinds of education or experiences might help you address bias and prejudice within yourself? How might you respond to a person who thinks that people with mental health conditions should be locked away in institutions and never allowed to rejoin society? What kind of education might you provide to a person who believes that Autism is due to poor parenting? What resources might you draw from to support healthy, accurate, and research-supported views regarding psychopathology? What available resources might you point people to who need more information on specific issues? If you have any favorite websites or web resources, please add entries for those into the Webliography for this course.

 To add an entry to the Webliography for the course, click the Webliography link in the upper right corner of your classroom and fill in the necessary informational fields for your resource. Be aware that clicking on the Webliography will take you away from the discussion board, so be certain you have saved your post prior to navigating away.

Consider any other questions that came up for you over the course of this week’s activities. You may share as much or as little as you wish, as long as it is evident in your journal that you have taken the time to reflect.

Please note that this journal does not require you to share personal information about your mental health or the mental health of people you know. Psychology instructors cannot ask students to divulge this kind of information for grading (see Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct Standards 7.04).

Your journal will be graded based on whether or not you provided a substantial and thoughtful entry.

Resources

https://www.uagc.edu/blog/what-abnormal-psychology#:~:text=Abnormal%20psychology%20is%20a%20branch,a%20given%20society%20or%20culture.

 
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Prewriting and Annotated Bibliography (Solved)

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Prewriting and Annotated Bibliography (Solved)

Question description (Prewriting and Annotated Bibliography (Solved))

Prewriting and Annotated Bibliography Directions

Prewriting and planning are essential to writing an effective essay, so for this week’s assignment, you will complete the prewriting and planning steps of the process for developing the Research Essay. Additionally, you will also include an annotated bibliography, which includes a full APA Style reference followed by a brief summary of the source, and a description of how that source may be used in your essay. To complete the prewriting assignment, you will submit one document (or perhaps multiple documents) that include ALL of the following:

  • A prewriting/”discovering” exercise to generate lots of ideas, like freewriting, brainstorming, or concept mapping. (3 points)
  • A working thesis statement (directly addresses the prompt; most effective as the last sentence of the introduction. (2 points)
  • An outline of your essay. (5 points)
  • An annotated bibliography with 6 sources. Make sure to review this document for information about how the annotated bibliography should be constructed. (10 points)

Select one of these topics for your Research Essay:

  • Research the different medical professions (nursing, MD, DO, DDS, OD, etc.) and investigate a method that is being used to integrate them, such as electronic healthcare records or a specific reason why they need to be integrated. Do not try to tell the reader if the integration effort is good or bad; just present research about this new direction of healthcare.
  • Research a drug that is either in common use or is new to healthcare. Do not try to tell the reader if the drug is good or bad; just present what’s known about the drug, including its history, uses and precautions, and what information is out there about it.
  • Your own research topic. You must discuss this with the professor and have the topic approved before moving forward.

Whichever topic you choose, your essay must include the following:

  • At least one direct quotation from each source named on your references page
  • At least one paraphrase from each source named on your references page
  • At least 4 unique sources total, cited and referenced properly on a references page
  • A clear thesis statement in the introductory paragraph
  • Excellent organization of your ideas
  • A word count of 1000 words, at minimum

Prewriting and Annotated Bibliography (Solved)

Resources

https://www.student.unsw.edu.au/annotated-bibliography#:~:text=What%20is%20an%20annotated%20bibliography,sumarising%20and%20evaluating%20the%20source.

 
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