Living Theological Truths Daily

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Living Theological Truths Daily

(Living Theological Truths Daily)

Question description

Application Paper Instructions

For this assignment, you must compose a 600-word paper that addresses theological knowledge, which can be applied to your understanding of what it means to be a Christian.

NOTE: You must choose a topic from the list of approved topics from the Application Paper Topics document.

As you respond to the prompt, reflect on how theological truths can best be applied to your current sphere of influence. Using the textbook, Theology Applied: A Living Faith as an example, you are to interact with a theological topic by providing the theological definition, the biblical foundation, and the practical application of the doctrine.

All of the following requirements must be met:

  • Demonstrate ownership of the ideas that you present by providing your unique insight as evidence of your careful consideration of the topic you choose.
  • Provide a logical link between the description of the concepts from the course and the conclusions or implications that you draw in your reflection. In other words, your conclusion must be logically derived from the application of the theological concept to your life.
  • Focus on depth of understanding, rather than breadth of coverage. That is, focus on examining your theological knowledge and understanding of being a Christian as it relates to one area, rather than trying to cover multiple aspects.
  • Include an introduction paragraph complete with a thesis statement.
  • Include a conclusion paragraph that summarizes the points you have made.
  • Include descriptive headings for Parts 1, 2, and 3.

Part 1

Provide a theological definition from a theological reference book. Explain the doctrine by using and interacting with a theological definition from an outside source (a source that is not used in this course).

Part 2

Explain the biblical foundation of the chosen theological term. Demonstrate where this particular theological concept is found within Scripture and trace the concept throughout the Bible. Include at least 2 biblical references in this section.

Part 3

Apply the theological term to your life and sphere of influence. Explain how the truth of the theological term influences how you live your daily life and how the truth of the theological term can best be lived out in your daily life.

Format your paper in a Microsoft Word document using current APA, MLA, or Turabian style (whichever corresponds to your degree program). Review the Application Paper Grading Rubric to see the specific grading criteria by which you will be evaluated before submitting your paper.

 
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Social Health Determinants & Zika

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Social Health Determinants & Zika

(Social Health Determinants & Zika)

Comment 1

The social determinants of health refer to the social and economic conditions that determine an individual’s health and medical well-being. Economic and social conditions are variedly distributed amongst people and they affect people’s working and living conditions differently. The social determinants of health affect an individual working and living conditions.   Social determinants are informed by public policies that mirror the political ideologies of the people in authority. Economic conditions determine the social conditions of a community. People who live in affluent areas are more content with their lives and they are mentally and physically healthier than people who are not content with their social status. Poor people generally are less healthy and have shorter life expectancies as compared to rich people.

This differences in health are social injustices and they illuminate powerful health determinants in the modern world. The differences have allowed an increased understanding of how remarkably sensitive health issues are in the social environment. Social determinants contribute to the development of diseases in that poor people are generally more exposed to pathogens than the rich. They eat and drink contaminated food and water, the share amenities and they have no easy access to medical attention.

According to the epidemiologic triad model, the repeated interaction of a disease-causing agent on their host in a conducive environment results in the spread of infectious diseases (CDC, 2014).  The pathogen leaves its host and enters another potential host through a relevant portal.  The pathogen thrives and multiplies in its habitat in what is referred to as a chain of infection (WHO, 2014). Understanding the various transmission channels and exit portals enable a care provider to know the best cause of prevention and treatment. Control measures are typically employed in the section of the infection chain that allows easy intervention.  For instance, in the treatment of a bacterial respiratory infection, a nurse can administer antibiotics to a patient. A nurse can also wear protective gear such as masks and gloves to protect them from getting infections by touching infected bodily fluids.

Comment 2

The global health issue which I have chosen and has affected the international health community is Zika Virus. It is a virus, which is spread by mosquito popularly known as Aedes species of mosquito. The said species of mosquito can bite both during the day and night.  An issue of concern about Zika virus is pregnancy. The virus can pass through placenta thereby leading to birth defects. Zika virus can also be spread through sexual intercourse or sexual acts (Salazar, 2016).  Unfortunately, Zika virus does not have a vaccine. Some of the symptoms of Zika virus include headache, fever, joint pain, rash, muscle pain and red eyes. According to CDC, Zika virus symptoms can last for days or weeks. Death and hospitalization after Zika infection are very rare. After one is infected with Zika virus, immunity is built against infections in the future ((U.S.), 2018). Mosquitos, which spread Zika virus, can also spread chikungunya virus and dengue virus.

In the US, Zika infections have been reported in Florida and Texas states. On a global level, Zika infections have been reported in each continent except Europe and Antarctica. CDC already issued travel notices for regions including Asian nations of Singapore and Maldives, African countries of Guinea-Bissau and Angola, regions in Central America, Caribbean and Mexican regions such as Costa Rica, Belize, Guatemala, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Honduras and Panama. The CDC also reported other regions affected though it did not issue travel notices especially in Asia and Africa ((U.S.), 2018).

Health care delivery systems all over the world need to work together to address Zika virus especially by creating awareness and providing education on prevention of transmission to areas of risks. As said earlier, there is no vaccine for Zika Virus and they key here is the prevention of mosquito bites (Salazar, 2016). Travellers who are outside their home countries should be made aware of higher risk regions.  There is also need for safe sex practices to prevent Zika infections. CDC suggests the use of both male and female condoms to reduce Zika transmission through sexual acts.

 
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Theory Development Stages Explained

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Theory Development Stages Explained

(Theory Development Stages Explained)

Question description

MN502-2: Explain how theoretical frameworks influence advance.

Purpose

The purpose of this Assignment is to explore how a theorist explicates his or her philosophy and thoughts behind a theoretical field. As in other fields of study, nursing has a plethora of theorists and theories. These theorists have developed their paradigm over time enriching it with research and dialogue with other theorists.

Directions

You are going to explore how a theorist of your choice created his or her theory. Did it develop as an acorn becoming a mighty oak over the decades? Did it arrive as a burst of light like the big bang as some believe created our universe? Was it developed from a blueprint like a spaceship where thousands of scholars worked together to create a rocket to the moon? In point of fact, how is a theory developed? This is what we are exploring.

You will pick a theorist who interests you, it does not have to be a nurse theorist. You may also choose from other disciplines such as: behavioral, leadership, business, education, technology.

You will become the theorist immersing yourself in the writings from the earliest mentioned to the most current.

As you read, look at how you (taking on the persona of the theorist) developed the theory.

In the first stage, theorizing occurs. This is where you, as the theorist, identify the concepts of what nursing is and is not. Perhaps you questioned what concepts were guiding those in nursing practice and then started to question your role. You started asking yourself, “Where am I in nursing, and where the profession is going? Is there some overarching concept that guides the professional in his or her practice?” This is where you recognize that a theory is needed.

In the second stage, syntax is developed. This is where you will define the terms. Look for changing definitions of terms. Consider, for example, Jean Watson. She starts by defining the word “caring.” Within the last ten years she has refined her terminology changing the term caring to caritas. This demonstrates a growth and maturation from decades of research she and other scholars did to produce the theory of caring.

The third stage is theory testing. Defined as the phenomena behind the theory that are exposed through research. The definitions of terms are refined. The theorists and other researchers consider whether this theory helps answer questions that arise in practice. This is where your theory is used in by a widening group of researchers. For example, graduate nursing students request the tool you developed while testing your theory.

The fourth and last stage is evaluation. This is where philosophical debate occurs as the concepts are applied through evidenced based practice in the act of providing nursing care.

Assignment Details

For this Assignment, you are going to write an article for a nursing journal explaining how you developed your theory through the four stages (theorizing, syntax, theory testing, and evaluation). Your paper must be 3 to 5 pages, not including the title and reference pages.

To view the Grading Rubric for this Assignment, please visit the Grading Rubrics section of the Course Resources.

Assignment Requirements

Before finalizing your work, you should:

  • Minimum requirement of at least 5 sources of support
  • be sure to read the Assignment description carefully (as displayed above);
  • consult the Grading Rubric (under the Course Resources) to make sure you have included everything necessary; and
  • utilize spelling and grammar check to minimize errors.

Your writing Assignment should:

  • follow the conventions of Standard English (correct grammar, punctuation, etc.);
  • be well ordered, logical, and unified, as well as original and insightful;
  • display superior content, organization, style, and mechanics; and
  • use APA 6th Edition

How to Submit

Submit your Assignment to the unit Dropbox before midnight on the last day of the unit.

When you are ready to submit your Assignment, submit to unit dropbox. Make sure to save a copy of your work and be sure to confirm that your file uploaded correctly.

 
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Personal Reflection On Values & Ethics

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Personal Reflection On Values & Ethics

(Personal Reflection On Values & Ethics)

Guidelines and Format

The objective of this assignment is for you to relate the material from the textbook readings, videos, and course discussions to your life experiences.

First, develop a statement that encompasses an overall picture of your values and ethics.  Are your values based on family, health, achievements, wealth, job success, happiness, faith, love, or anything else that you hold in great esteem?  Think of your value statement as what defines you as a person. Describe your understanding of the origin of the values you hold important.  Try to describe your ethical beliefs.  If possible, offer a story to illustrate your ethical behavior.  Try to explain the roots of your ethical beliefs, where they came from, how you were influenced, whether any particular events in your life greatly impacted your beliefs.  Have your ethical beliefs undergone any major changes?  If so, describe what they were and why they changed.

Second, drawing on the various ethical frameworks we have studied this term—utilitarianism, deontology, etc—explain your ethical perspective.  You do not need to limit yourself to one ethical framework and can draw from more than one. If you draw from more than one framework, you will need to explain your reasoning in your answer.  Be sure to reconcile any contradictions between these perspectives (for example, utilitarianism vs. virtue ethics).  Use the textbook as evidence in this section of your paper as a form of support.

After you have explained your ethical perspective, consider why and how you have adopted this perspective.  This section of the paper will ask you to think about your personal life and the way you were brought up in terms of a specific ethical framework or frameworks.  Explain why and how this framework was taught to you.  For example, you could use a deontological perspective to represent how a duty/rule-based approach was used by your parents.  If you grew up in different places, if you are an immigrant or the child of immigrants, perhaps you were taught a different ethic in school than you were at home? If this was the case, how did you reconcile any ethical conflicts?  Which ethical framework do you draw on most as an adult and why? You do not need to answer all of these questions; however, you do want to present a nuanced, concrete discussion of your ethical perspective.  Be specific and explain the role of culture and the historical time period when thinking about the particular ethical framework was used in your education or upbringing.

Lastly, conclude your paper. In your concluding paragraph, describe the person you are today and address the person you want to become. Are they the same person or different?  Why?

Your paper must have an APA-formatted title page.  The paper should be at least 1500 words in length (not including the cover page and references).  It should be grammatically sound and free of spelling errors.  You must integrate the ethical theories discussed in the readings and class.  Be sure to include in-text citations and a reference page for this material.  Outside sources are not required, but any use of such material must be cited.

 
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Understanding Psychopathy in Interrogations

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Understanding Psychopathy in Interrogations

(Understanding Psychopathy in Interrogations)

Psychopathy

Are investigators in tune with the differences between the personalities of a psychopathic spy and a nonpsychopathic spy? If not, who else might be in tune with these types of spies? Wait, that’s us—forensic psychologists! We are the experts in psychopathy!

You cannot get through a graduate program in forensic psychology without researching seminal works on the construct of psychopathy, such as Hervey M. Cleckley’s work and Robert D. Hare’s Psychopathy Checklist. If you are not familiar with the construct of psychopathy, be sure to research the term in the University online library resources. Research found in peer-reviewed psychological journals can provide you with knowledge on this construct and the leading researchers in the field.

Using at least three scholarly resources from the professional literature, research the construct of psychopathy and methods for interrogating psychopaths. Consider how a forensic psychologist could assist a CI investigator in distinguishing a psychopathic spy from a nonpsychopathic spy. The literature may include the University online library resources; relevant textbooks; peer-reviewed journal articles; and websites created by professional organizations, agencies, or institutions (.edu, .org, or .gov).

Tasks:

Create a 5- to 7-page paper responding to the following:

  • Summarize the results of your research to demonstrate your understanding of the construct of psychopathy. Be sure to cite your sources in APA format.
  • Once you have presented a thorough working knowledge of psychopathy, explain how it may affect the actions of those who will try to commit treason. What psychopathic traits might be useful to have in CI investigators who have to interrogate these individuals?
  • Imagine you are the consulting psychologist to a CI investigator who is about to interrogate a suspect. This suspect has demonstrated many of the traits you have learned are associated with psychopathy.
    • How would you advise the investigator?
    • What interrogation strategies would you suggest? Consider the ethical implications of these strategies.

Submission Details:

  • By Wednesday, August 16, 2017
Assignment 3 Grading Criteria Maximum Points
Articulated the construct of psychopathy, demonstrating in-depth research. 20
Explained how psychopathy influences the actions of those who try and commit treason. 20
Identified psychopathic traits possibly useful in CI investigators who have to interrogate individuals engaging in treason. 12
Recommended sound interrogation strategies to address the psychopathic nature of the suspect. 12
Employed appropriate nomenclature in your assertions. 12
Described relevant ethical concerns in detail, supporting statements with valid research. 16
Wrote in a clear, concise, and organized manner; demonstrated ethical scholarship in accurate representation and attribution of sources; displayed accurate spelling, grammar, and punctuation. 8
Total: 100
 
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Evaluating PTSD Treatment Options

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Evaluating PTSD Treatment Options

(Evaluating PTSD Treatment Options)

The paper is based on a case study acquired from the class’ audio files on non-evidence based treatment on which I had to base my research. The purpose of the paper is to evaluate the symptoms and presenting problems for the patient in the chosen case study and from which data I am expected to propose a provisional diagnosis. I will provide one evidence-based treatment for this diagnosis and provide a rationale thereof.

Introduction      The veterans in the United States are found to face or have distress functioning once they go back home after having served in a war. Irvin’s case is no different. Irvin is said to have been deployed in Iraq once he had attained 20 years, but upon return, Irvin is depicted as a completely different individual. He is presumed to have night sweats and nightmares and as such not only has his mood become stoic, but it is also evident that he has become irrational in that he has become violent to his family; wife and children.As commonly evident in veterans upon return from war, they not only succumb to depression among other things, but they also fall into drug abuse habits as it is depicted by Ivan who succumbs to a drinking habit. As such the fact that Irvin was a service member becomes inevitably a stress for him and his family in general (Wilson, & Keane, 2004). Apart from the fact that the service members often face mental health problems, the deployed service members succumb to domestic violence, marital problems, sleep disturbances and rebellion from children of service members after experiencing chaos at home. Being a service member, for many individuals across the United States is faced with criticism owing to the stress and trauma that they face in war, that are so grave that often a diagnosis; often of PTSD and treatment of their conditions have to be made.

Irvin S’ diagnosis and treatment(Evaluating PTSD Treatment Options)

PTSD      According to the VA reports, it was found that by the year 2008; approximately 1.7 million Americans had actively served in war in Iraq as well as in Afghanistan. Out of these 43percent of those in active-duty have children. Upon return as aforementioned, the veterans are faced with anxiety, PTSD which is a post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, traumatic brain injuries among others due to having served (Acosta, 2013). The extent of these effects does not only affect the service member but also the children, the spouses, friends and extended families. For the affected individuals it is paramount that they access treatment in a bid so they can make a recovery from the mental and health issues that affect their lives so gravely. It has been noted, that veterans subject to the PTSD predicament needed their families present in their recovery process thereby emphasizing the need for family members to show emphasis for their aggrieved service members (Acosta, 2013). The essence of this is mainly to avoid having the service members succumbing to isolation.

Apart from the fact that the service members often face mental health problems, the deployed service members succumb to domestic violence, marital problems, sleep disturbances such as in Irvin’s case whereby he is faced with recurrent nightmares and night sweats, aspects that evidently negatively impact on the life of the service member (National Center for PTSD, 2015). Essentially, the negative behavior on the part of the veterans may affect the children who may also begin to act out as a result of separation anxiety that may manifest thereof. Additionally, depending on their ages, the children may also register mal performances in school as well as show nuance of temper, changes in moods, anger, and apathy among others.

However, even though there is little evidence on the integration of evidence –based treatment; which is treatment that is based on scientific evidence that is peer-reviewed. in practice, practice guidelines that are evidence-based treatments are disseminated through the educational activities in the traditional sense which have affected the clinical practice.

Implementation science has ameliorated the gap that is existent between practice and research in the health-care environment. The implementation of evidence-based intervention for PTSD is necessary in the mental health training and in the delivery of service as it pertains to PTSD is essential (National Center for PTSD, 2015).(Evaluating PTSD Treatment Options)

In 2006 to 2007, the United States Department of Veterans Affairs has commenced national training initiatives that were utilized in the process of disseminating evidence-based treatment for PTSD. These are Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT); that is a particular aspect of cognitive behavioral therapy that has been implored in mitigating the PTSD symptoms after experiencing trauma and Prolonged Exposure (PE); which is an evidenced-based strategy implored in the treatment of PTSD. According to research, it is evident that the integration of evidence-based treatments in settings with routine care for PTSD patients often experiences a reduction of their symptoms. Data acquired from program evaluation has asserted that the Cognitive Processing Therapy works efficaciously (National Center for PTSD, 2015).

Conclusion      Relative to Irvin’s case and the fact that he experienced trauma during war that affected not only himself but his family, it is imperative to consider the integration of the evidence based interventions in the healthcare system which did not offer Irvin much help with his predicament. Albeit the fact that progress is visible with the use of evidence based practice for patients diagnosed with PTSD, it is still uncommon to find the practice been integrated in the healthcare setting. The literature available for the intervention thereof is mainly based on descriptive research as opposed to experimental approach. Training is therefore vital in this case in order to deliver efficacious care to the affected patients when the traditional interventions such as counseling fail as it had been in Irvin’s case. Advancements in intervention strategies will allow for the affected PTSD patients to live a better life.

Reference Acosta, G. (2013). The Impact of War: Mental Health of Veterans and Their Families. Retrieved from https://msw.usc.edu/mswusc-blog/veteran-mental-health/ National Center for PTSD. (2015). Advancing science and promoting understanding of traumatic stress. Retrieved from https://www.ptsd.va.gov/professional/newsletters/researchquarterly/V26N4.pdf Wilson, J. P., & Keane, T. M. (Eds.). (2004). Assessing psychological trauma and PTSD.

 
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Attribution Theory Paper

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Attribution Theory Paper

(Attribution Theory Paper)

For this written assignment, you will demonstrate your understanding of attribution theory. In essence, attribution theory states that individuals tend to make sense of (logically prescribe) situations by associating them to self, others, thoughts, feelings, or actions. This theory suggests that learners should consider why they do what they do, and what or who they are giving credit for both the victories and the failures. Further, this theory suggests that if a person believes that they are not good at something, they may attribute their unsuccessful outcomes to external factors, rather than to themselves. In contrast, if individuals have success, they more often may attribute their successes to internal factors.

Using your required resources to support, discuss the following:

· Describe a time where you feel you have failed and blamed someone else: the teacher, the friend, a loved one. (Failure could be academic, relational, and/or organizational – loss of a job.)

· Do you believe that you blamed external things to support a more stable version of your own self-image? (In other words, it could not be your mistake). If not, what other reasons might external variables be attributed for our own performance?

· How do think stability and controllability affect performance attributions, based on our reading this week?

· Why do you think that self-efficacy plays such a critical role in how we process our learning behaviors?

· What strategies could be applied to utilize what we know about self-perception and attributions to increase your learning performance in the future? (Minimum of two strategies.)

The Attribution Theory paper

· Must be five to six double-spaced pages in length (not including title and references pages) and formatted according to APA style

· Must include a separate title page with the following:

o Title of paper

o Student’s name

o Course name and number

o Instructor’s name

o Date submitted

· Must use headings and sub-headings.

· Must use appropriate research methods (e.g. use of the Ashford library) and skeptical inquiry (http://www.criticalthinking.org/) to support the content inclusions.

· Must begin with an introductory paragraph that has a succinct thesis statement.

· Must address the topic of the paper with critical thought. For assistance with the critical thinking portion of the written assignment, please see the information included on the Critical Thinking Community website (http://www.criticalthinking.org/)

· Must end with a conclusion that reaffirms your thesis. The conclusion typically has two parts: the summary statement (one or two sentences that restate the thesis in a fresh way to reinforce the essay’s main idea) and the clincher (a final thought that creates a lasting impression for the reader).

· Must use at least one scholarly source from the Ashford University Library, in addition to the required e-book.

· Must document all sources in APA style

· Must include a separate reference page that is formatted according to APA style

 
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Ethical Issues During Forensic

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Assignment 2: RA: Ethical Issues During Forensic

(Ethical Issues During Forensic)

When conducting forensic assessments, it is important for forensic mental health professionals to have a thorough understanding of the following:

  • Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct Including 2010 Amendments
  • Specialty Guidelines for Forensic Psychology: Adopted by APA Council of Representatives

Ethical issues are commonly present when completing forensic assessments. Read the scenario below and discuss the ethical issues therein.

Dr. Smith was contacted by the District County Attorney’s office to evaluate Mr. Doe as part of a sexually violent predator civil commitment hearing. Dr. Smith agreed to complete the evaluation and contacted the prison facility, where Mr. Doe was being held, to schedule an appointment.

Upon arrival at the prison, Mr. Doe’s attorney indicated that he wanted to be present for the interview and psychological testing. Dr. Smith agreed, and they proceeded with the interview. During the interview, while discussing his sex offense history, Mr. Doe admitted to offending against two adult females. He also reported offending against his three-year-old daughter. He indicated that his relationship with his wife, although rocky at times, is generally supportive. Upon inquiry, he reported a history of domestic abuse, which was never reported. He explained that due to his arrest and incarceration, his wife has had to find a job to be able to continue to afford their housing. He reported that he previously worked as a general maintenance worker at a local trucking company. He explained that he cheated on his wife with a coworker, who has since stopped all communication. He indicated that this coworker used to visit and send him letters and money when he was first “locked up.” He reported that he was angry that she ceased all communication, without explanation, and spoke of her with rage and hostility. He said, “If I ever see her again, I’ll kill her.”

During the administration of the psychological tests, Mr. Doe asked to use the restroom once and was provided another five-minute break. There was a great deal of background noise throughout the interview and administration. On two occasions, Mr. Doe asked his attorney how he should answer the question. He was advised, and he answered as such. Upon the completion of testing, Dr. Smith thanked Mr. Doe and his attorney for their time and indicated that he would see them in court.

If released, Mr. Doe will return to his home with his wife and two daughters. He has reported to the prison staff that he will also return to his previous job and may enroll in vocational classes at an area community college.

Tasks:

As a forensic mental health professional, discuss the ethical issues in the scenario. Refer to the following resources:

Write a 5- to 6-page report in a Microsoft Word document addressing the following:

  • Identify the appropriate APA ethical code(s) and the specialty guidelines that may apply to this scenario.
  • Examine the limits of confidentiality. How might those limits be affected by some of the information contained in the scenario?
  • Discuss specific circumstances in the case study in which there might be a duty to report or duty to warn.
  • Explain the limitations of what the evaluator can and cannot say.
  • Discuss the implications of the third-party observer to the overall evaluation.

Your report should rely upon at least four scholarly resources from the professional literature that are cited in APA format. The literature may include the Argosy University online library resources; relevant textbooks; peer-reviewed journal articles; and websites created by professional organizations, agencies, or institutions (.edu, and .gov).

 
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Fallacy Analysis Responses

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Fallacy Analysis Responses

(Fallacy Analysis Responses)

PHI 103 Week 4 Dq 1 Responses

Need help with responding to these three discussion post 100 words each

Identify Three Fallacies  Instructor  Email this Author 2/27/2017 8:56:49 PM

Once you learn the names of the major logical fallacies, you will probably start noticing them all over the place, including in advertisements, movies, TV shows, and everyday conversations. This can be both fascinating and frustrating, but it can certainly help you to avoid certain pitfalls in reasoning that are unfortunately very common. This exercise gives you a chance to practice identifying fallacies as they occur in daily life.

Prepare: To prepare to address this prompt, carefully read through Chapter 7 of our book, paying special attention to learning the names of common fallacies, biases, and rhetorical tricks. Take a look as well at the required resources from this week.

Reflect: Search through common media sources looking for examples of fallacies. Some common places to find fallacies include advertisements, opinion pieces in news media, and arguments about politics, religion, and other controversial issues. You may also notice fallacies in your daily life.

Write: Present three distinct informal logical fallacies you have discovered in these types of sources or in your life. Make sure to identify the specific fallacy committed by each example. Explain how the fallacies were used and the context in which they occurred. Then, explain how the person should have presented the argument to have avoided committing this logical error.

Guided Response: Read the fallacies presented by your classmates and analyze the reasoning that they have presented. Respond in a way that furthers the discussion. For example, you might comment on any of the following types of questions: Have ever seen or fallen for similar fallacies in your own life? Are any of the cases presented also instances of some other type of fallacy? Is there a sense in which the reasoning might not be fallacious in some cases? What can people do to avoid falling for such fallacies in the future?

1.       Week 4 Discussion 1        Rolland Mattoon Email this Author           3/1/2017 8:53:15 PM

Informal fallacies occur often and are often misleading.  The three informal logical fallacies selected for this discussion are the Oscars, social media and President Trump’s fake news stories.

The first fallacy occurred on Sunday night during the recent Oscar’s Award show.  Near the end of the show the presenter announced the wrong winner for an award.  The media believes that this could have been intentional to drive ratings.  Over the past two years the number of viewers has dropped 42% and by having such a major blunder will ensure that more viewers watch the next event for another potential error.

The fallacy here is that there is no evidence supporting the claim or that the error occurred on purpose.  The next fallacy is a fallacy of support.  The fallacy states that social medial is addictive and limits interpersonal communication.  Hardy states that “There is nothing wrong with this argument as an expression of a person’s belief”.  (Hardy, 2015).

The last fallacy is an example of a fallacy of clarity.  Recently in the news President Trump has been discussing the fake news outlets.  An example of an argument is the

(Fallacy Analysis Responses)

P1) The news provides information

P2) The news is fake

C) Therefore, the information on the news is fake.

In this example the conclusion would be logical however there are unbiased news outlets in the market, for example NPR.

Reference:

Hardy, J., Foster, C., & Zúñiga y Postigo, G. (2015). With good reason: A guide to cirtical thinking [Electronic version]. Retrieved from https://content.ashford.edu/.

2. discussion 1   Barbara Lamb Email this Author 3/2/2017 2:17:26 PM

Plea to Belief:

All welfare recipients are lazy.

This is a plea to belief fallacy because it’s a common belief among society that everyone who receives government assistance is living off of the system In most cases, people recieve assistance for a short period of time interim jobs, or when they have another child.

Subjective:

I for a long time believed that because i got all of the same allergies that my father had, that I wouldn’t have any additional allergies.

This is a subjective fallacy because it was likely that I wouldn’t have gotten any additional allergies but just because I had the same allergies as my father, doesn’t mean I couldn’t have more than those allergies.

Begging the Question:

Mom’s not going to bed, because she’s not tired.

First off, WRONG, mom’s are always tired. But realistically, my niece jumped to the conclusion in her premise when she assumed that her Mother wasn’t tired and used it as her arguement. Instead she could have used premises such as, she just drank coffee or she just woke up as reasons that she may be concluded not to be tired.

3. Week four, Disc. 1, post1         Angela Yanni Email this Author  3/2/2017 5:28:42 PM

Hello Class,(Fallacy Analysis Responses)

The first argument I found a fallacy with is something the president said.

” As we speak tonight, we are removing gang members, drug dealers, and criminals that threaten our communities and prey on our innocent citizens.” Trump, D.

This can be considered, in my opinion, a couple different fallacies.

First, it is Begging the Question in a Narrow Sense

P1: As we speak tonight (implication is that the speech is about the “so called” gang members, drug dealers and criminals) about non-citizens. [This also has to be implied if you do not know he is speaking about undocumented immigrants]

C: We are removing the “gang members, drug dealers, and criminals that threaten our communities and prey on our innocent citizens.

Putting his sentence, which is the basis of an argument stating that he has already started doing something good, however, all he is saying is as he talks about non-citizens, his administration is out removing them.

If we add words, to create more of an argument, It will become Argumentum ad Baculum

P1: Non-citizens are gang members, drug dealers, and criminals.

P2: Non-citizens threaten our communities and prey on our innocent citizens

C: As we speak tonight, we are removing these non-citizens, which makes citizens safer.

Argumentum ad Baculum is associated with speaking or writing in a way that scares the audience into agreeing with you. Politics is a great place to observe this type of rhetoric.

A. Yanni

Resources:

http://www.cnn.com/2017/03/01/opinions/trump-bait-and-switch-on-immigration-reyes/index.html

 
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Neuroscience Mechanisms and Disorders

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Neuroscience Mechanisms and Disorders

(Neuroscience Mechanisms and Disorders)

Neuroscience is the study of the nervous system, encompassing the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves. It aims to understand the mechanisms underlying brain function, behavior, and neurological disorders. Key mechanisms include synaptic transmission, neural plasticity, and neurogenesis. Synaptic transmission is the process by which neurons communicate through neurotransmitters, while neural plasticity refers to the brain’s ability to reorganize itself by forming new neural connections. Neurogenesis is the generation of new neurons, which is crucial for learning and memory.

Neurological disorders arise from disruptions in these mechanisms. For example, Alzheimer’s disease is characterized by amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles that impair synaptic function and lead to cognitive decline. Parkinson’s disease results from the degeneration of dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra, affecting motor control. Multiple sclerosis involves the immune system attacking the myelin sheath, disrupting nerve signal transmission. Epilepsy is marked by abnormal electrical activity in the brain, causing seizures.

Understanding these mechanisms is vital for developing treatments. Advances in neuroimaging, molecular biology, and genetics are enhancing our knowledge of the brain, paving the way for innovative therapies and improved outcomes for individuals with neurological disorders.

Intro Neuroscience Paper

  1. Students will be given the option to research a topic from Chapters 12, 13, or 14 and write a 10 page paper on a chosen topic within one of those chapters. [Note: title page and reference page(s) do not count toward the page limit]. You may choose one specific topic in the chapter or more than one topic, as long as the material is written in a cohesive way. Papers should be uploaded to Blackboard’s Safe Assign by 12/07/17, 11:59pm.  Safe Assign is Blackboard’s program for detecting plagiarism; therefore all papers should be written and cited in APA format prior to submission. Some examples or topics for this Extra Credit Research Paper are as follows:

Chapters 12 (Ingestive Behavior)

  • Physiological regulatory mechanisms of drinking & eating
  • Metabolic signals of eating , drinking & thirst
  • Brain Mechanisms associated with obesity and anorexia and bulimia
  • Factors involved in stopping a meal (insulin, long-term satiety and signals from adipose tissue).

Chapt 13 (Learning & Memory)

  • synaptic plasticity & long-term potentiation
  • perceptual & Relational learning
  • classical & instrumental conditioning

Chapt 14:(Human Communication)

  • brain mechanisms assoc with speech production & comprehension
  • aphasia in deaf people
  • brain areas involved in stuttering
  • disorders of reading & writing
  • speech production & brain lateralization

Details of 10 Page Research Paper: The paper must be completed in APA format, double-spaced typed, and include the following: cover page, background/etiology of the topic or disorder, mechanism of action, identifying areas and/or receptors involved in the topic at-hand, current news associated with your topic area which should include the most recent advances, medications and/or potential treatments for the chosen topic.

 
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