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E-learning Applications in Business and Learning Institutions

E-learning in the US

Introduction

E-learning is a computer-based learning tool that allows anyone to engage in learning anytime anyplace and delivered through the internet. E-learning provides the ability to materials such as videos, slideshows and word documents, or conducting online classes with a professor. With e-learning, learners and the busiest person can build their careers and gain qualifications. The technologies involved in delivering e-learning are most and ever changing and require frequent updates. The research conducted will cover e-learning applications in both business and learning institutions, advantages and some disadvantages, it’s marketing, different e-learning models, its industrial applications and the future of e-learning. The research is mainly based in America, and therefore most of the discussion examples are from there. (E-learning Applications in Business and Learning Institutions)

The future of e-learning in the US

With the growing computer ownership in the whole of America, e-learning viability and accessibility also increases. Internet speeds are growing at a fast rate, and therefore there are more opportunities to build more multimedia training methods. With the advancement in technology such as the increasingly use of Smartphone and other portable virtual devices, e-learning is being constantly transformed. E-learning has been on the positive side of developing an easy and efficient education system by creating tools for interactive courses and lessons. (E-learning Applications in Business and Learning Institutions)

E-learning market in the US

This involves a market research which shows a segmentation of e-learning market by high education and K-12 who are the end users. The research results reveal the key drivers to the growth of the market and the challenges facing the market. The high ranking vendors in the market are the Blackboard, Desire2Learn, Oracle, Pearson, and SunGard. The research analysts forecast the growth of e-learning market by 16% within 2016 and 2020. According to the research, one of the major factor influencing the growth of the market is private equity organizations investing in the education sector. The integration of e-learning in the education sector has led to the development of new education models of learning and teaching such as m-learning and blended learning. These developments have encouraged the participation of private firms in the education sector thereby boosting the market.

To make e-learning more successful, the US government is increasing the support for digitalized education system. The support includes initiatives such as the use of tablets and IPads. The education department in also revealed its National Education Technology Plan November 2010 that was about an e-learning model for the education sector. These initiatives by the government to support e-learning in the education industry will highly boost the market. The changes that have come with e-learning have to lead to the growth of the higher education sector leading to its dominance in 2015. The institutions aim at developing online content as well as back-end structures and solutions and with the government support most universities have developed distance education enrollments in different academic fields. In the product segmentation including content, technology, and services, reveal that services segment is the most growing and may account for 24% of the market growth. The education institutions are implementing different e-learning related services to establish a healthy learning environment, and at the same time, e-learning vendors are designing customized courses for the academic institutions. (E-learning Applications in Business and Learning Institutions)

E-learning integration in high education

The traditional face to face teaching is complicated process but also the online learning increases the complexity due to lack of eye contact, body language which are important elements of communication. However, the technology enhanced learning is working towards the use of innovative and new technologies to support learning facilities online and in blended settings. Its success depends on different factors such as learner’s ability, sound pedagogy, nature and layout of the curriculum, social, cultural and accessibility issues. The primary focus of this system is academic development, provide teaching and access to online programs, use of technology for collaborative learning and develop skills that can be transferred to the students for their future professionalism.

E-learning, in general, is a computer enhanced learning and is associated with both the technologies and the methodologists used. In the past five years, the application of E-learning at the college level has become a standard feature on the US high education system. Before the application of education technology with network computers and asynchronous instructions was received with a high level of doubt mostly from the educators. This is because of the distant education by use of televisions, newspapers and newly computers had disappointing results, and e-learning appeared to be more the same. The high acceptance computer-aided distance learning was surprising with the revolution ending as fast as it became and e-learning advocates carrying the day. The main issue now is the comparison of the e-learning system and the face to face system in the higher education. However different reports from various higher education boards reveal the grudging acceptance of the e-learning. The Council of Higher education accreditation (Eaton 2001) issues a new report about the evaluation method for online courses and explains how it interacts with the traditional method. The best uses of e-learning and m-learning, e-learning makes lessons more engaging and interactive using learning platforms such as video and game classrooms and develop flipped classrooms. M-learning is used where modern technology may not be available to everyone or where resources are scarce, and therefore a mobile learning device that can be passed quickly is more appropriate. (E-learning Applications in Business and Learning Institutions)

The spread of electronic distance learning

According to a trend line, between 2009 and 2010 online courses accounted for 31% of the total number of courses provided by the higher education. Also, the New York SUNY learning network reveals the same popularity among full and part-time, old and young students. E-learning is proving to be of beneficial and a disruptive technology in reshaping and changing how we think about the education system. However, the same enthusiasm on the application of e-learning in distant learning by the public sector is not seen in the industry and can be related to the issues of mission, image, and resources available. An example of little engagement is the Cardean University which consists of business schools put together such Columbia University, the University of Chicago among others. Although some private institutions like the Purdue University offer e-library services for journals and books and provide support to the students in need of information from the web. Statistics show clearly how e-learning is established and growing in the high-education sector. It is not easy to find a library with no online catalog and a subscription to some its journals and database. The growing of e-learning has lead to the establishment of hybrid courses which are a combination of technology and classroom interaction contributing to distance education. (EE-learning Applications in Business and Learning Institutions)

The models of online learning in high education

The models include video-based credit classes, open online courses, pre-matriculation programs and post-graduation programs. The models have pros and cons, revenue potentials and these give any institution to choose which model is more attractive to apply and also the different ways to introduce online learning. The credit courses and online courses are a part of some degree program; the pre-matriculation courses target prospective or incoming students, the post-graduation programs are a way to connect to the former students. The pre-matriculation programs are used by institutions to attract, assess, enroll and prepare the likely students before they join. The post-graduate programs are a way of improving, extending and deepening the former students’ engagement and offer continuing education that is required and the institution has already in place. (E-learning Applications in Business and Learning Institutions)

The role of US higher education in the global e-learning market

The international trade in education services has rare and difficult to evaluate statistics, and it is hard to obtain data regarding global e-learning. Many students study abroad for higher education, and the US is the leading with 31% making it the biggest exporter of education services. The number of international students is usually used as an indicator of the overall level of trade education in the globe. However, the cross-border supply (e-learning) is growing at a faster rate than the number students studying in other countries. In spite of fewer data to evaluate the cross-border delivery of e-learning, a comparison on the domestic provision of e-learning across countries is relevant. The US is always seen as the leading player in the world’s e-learning market and holds a strong position about the use of ICT in higher education. According to the research, the students in the US use the internet as the primary support for e-learning, email, and web-pages and also the number of students owning computers is significantly increasing.

The US is ahead compared to other countries about market size and the value. A large number of US college students spend billions of dollars being online, and the amount is expected to increase due to the growth in online corporate learning. The user has input strategies to curb the of e-learning enterprises going bankrupt due to the high amount of launching causes online and maintaining more top quality. In the competitive market, many e-learning companies have been shaken off the market and only the strong companies, that is are profitable and brand-named have survived, and with this, the US has brought the e-learning market into focus to make sure it maintains the high position of the global e-learning market. (E-learning Applications in Business and Learning Institutions)

Making e-learning effective

E-learning involves online courses and lessons that students enroll, and there is the need for effectiveness to increase performance. All e-learning materials that are created includes high-level research before they are available to the students since not all students understand information in the same way and there e-learning resource developer in the US have policies like you provide relevant examples and proofs. The learning style should be taken into consideration such as video or text presentations which different students would prefer. The online must take into account open line communication between students and teachers hence the course should specify when the teacher and the student will be available for the students to get the support they need. Students may communicate with their instructors through discussion forums, social media, chats, email, video presentations or VoIP technologies. An ease of navigation and high functionality of the system should be taken into consideration. The web-based learning platforms are created to help students focus on course work and therefore should be well designed. The course documentation like the outline of the syllabus should be available for viewing for the students to know which lessons should be covered and the teachers can plan for the lessons. The instructors should provide clear objectives of the course to the learners and in a manner which is easy to understand and implement.

To create a successful online course some tools have been suggested, like the LMS, Website creation platform, course design tools, and multimedia production tools. The LMS offers a large list of tools that enable the developer to create, curate and present content in a way that saves on cost. The advantage of the LMS is the all in one element where a website is developed at one place with no necessity of proper administration and management skills. The website creation tools allow you to create an easily navigable website while the course design tools enable an administrator to upload the content of the course and design efficient layout presentations. The multimedia tools help create a great interactive and engaging course. You can use streaming videos, clear recording tools, and instant chat support services (E-learning Applications in Business and Learning Institutions)

E-learning in businesses

The business environment is ever changing regarding technology, and there is increasing competition, and therefore engagement in learning and development is critical. The employees should be natured in both talent and ability by providing decent skills that are necessary to advance their career (Thome and Mackey, 2007). Active training process motivates the employees and gives them the feeling that their employer is committed to making them more resourceful. Providing a learning environment for the existing employees helps cut the cost of hiring or training new staff. Due to this, it is necessary for a business to choose the appropriate learning tools to make sure they survive in the competitive world like the e-learning platforms. Technology is now the backbone of any business operation, and it is changing every day hence businesses have to evolve, adapt and respond to these changes for a high gain in their competitive world. Many businesses have developed the e-learning programs due to the changing events (Sumathisri, 2012). E-learning is now a necessity to the success of any company since it ensures that all individuals access the same resources and similar learning experience. Employees become more cooperative when the method of learning used is relevant to their career advancement. A successful implementation of e-learning is determined by the plan layout which involves the installation and testing for the appropriate applications to use and to develop safety and backup plans. (E-learning Applications in Business and Learning Institutions)

How e-learning can help an organization achieve its goals

Selling more with just in time product knowledge training, for a company to sell more and faster, a well-trained sales team is required and with E-learning training can be delivered at anytime, any place or on any device with access to the internet. Also, companies need to comply with laws regarding training environments and with e-learning, the company can train any given number of employees in a more efficient way. The employees can adapt to new processes and respond to them appropriately (Thome and Kaye, 2007). E-learning is used in different online training platforms such as sales training, customer training, safety training, IT training, product training and healthcare training. With these, there is increased customer satisfaction, increased profits, flexibility, and accountability. The training can be offered by the organization itself or engage an online training company like the Open edX learning platform which has clients like Harvard University, Microsoft, KAUFFMAN, and Smithsonian. The training platforms offer online courses for different institutions, revenue generating online training, and internal learning. (E-learning Applications in Business and Learning Institutions)

Advantages of E-learning for business

For any company that considers using a new training model for the face to face model, the e-learning training is more suitable. Efficiency advancement is critical to any business today, and also an industry looks forward at saving money, time and energy and e-learning provide such benefits. E-learning is cost effective; any online training model saves on extra expenses incurred in classroom training such as traveling, purchase of learning materials, venue hiring and catering. The online training provides platforms where you can update essential texts packets and lessons in a fast and easy way and since they are online printing cost is saved. E-learning improves performance and productivity; every business has an objective of growing and with online training employees adapt quickly to new processes. Within this training management system employees can engage in training at any time and place and so learning does interfere with job tasks. E-learning is convenient and flexible, employees with access to the internet participate in practice at any particular location and this help save the energy that would be spent looking for the appropriate place and time the training would take place. That is, e-learning provides just in time training as the requirements keep changing. E-learning allows timely feedback, during any online training employees have the ability to get the right and just in time feedback. And since the courses are online the management can analyze their performance and the progress of each employee. The grading and evaluation system are automated and therefore no manual assessment of the course work. E-learning provides easy access to information compared to referring to the hand-written notes. E-learning materials are stored online hence employees have access data anytime they are in need or face a complex situation. E-learning improves retention, there is the opportunity to create fun, and the training may include videos, interactive slides or even games, and therefore most of the information can be retained. E-learning makes the training experience personal, although training resources are the same for every employee, e-learning allows each participant to take the course at their pace and in the environment more suitable to their style of learning. (E-learning Applications in Business and Learning Institutions)

Factors necessary for successful e-learning implementation

For the learning through online means to relevant to the success of business, the objectives of the course developed and the content should be considered. The knowledge to be provided should be well set in accurate data, facts, and figures (Clark and Mayer 2003). The primary considerations are results, technology constraints, resources available and the general readiness of the organization. The applicability, analysis, and synthesis of the e-learning program are critical before the implementation is done. Putting together the objectives and the expectations are the best ensure method to ensure the implementation of the e-learning program is successful. The choice of technology to use also determines the successful of the implementation. Quality, reliability, and content of the medium determine the learning results. Different techniques are specific support different learning models so the need to choose the appropriate. Online forums make learning more interactive and engaging ensuring availability and accessibility of information. The forum allows employees to develop new knowledge from the view of other employees. The e-learning development should be easy to use and flexible for it to be successful. Therefore the technology applied should be easy to avoid the difficulties that may be faced by employees. For those who have little knowledge of how to navigate through the computer, orientation should be conducted to ensure that they are par with the operation of the e-learning tool before implementation takes place. Under flexibility, the employees can take learning lessons in their appropriate time and location since they might not be available at all times. They should be able to participate in learning either at the workplace or home. This makes the training process convenient and accounts for the success of the program. After these considerations, input strategies should be in place to measure and determine the progress of the e-learning tool and the acceptance among the employees undergoing the learning process (Sun, Tsai, Finger, Chen, 2008)

E-learning cannot be suitable for every business operation or training activities. The learning process that involves new products or methods of operations, face to face methodology is suitable. It is easy to get first-hand clarification from the instructor; the body language used gives more room for understanding and it easy to convince learners. For this reason, a suitable program in enhancing business operation should be selected for every business type, for small businesses and large businesses. It is logical that e-learning for a business with fewer employees is not suitable. For e-learning, the technology chosen should be independent of time and place. Internet-based e-learning is used at any time and irrespective of place and leads easy access of information. The company’s objectives should clearly depict which learning model is suitable for the training, either the face to face or the e-learning tools. Some companies shake off the traditional model only to find it is relevant in some fields and therefore a hybrid of the two methods should be applied where one method is used to surpass the drawbacks of the other method. The e-learning is more flexible and convenient while face to face is more interactive therefore creating collaboration among the employees. (E-learning Applications in Business and Learning Institutions)

Challenges were facing E-learning implementation.

Managing employee resistance, most organizations hardly notice that implementing e-learning makes changes to the mode of training. Therefore trainers have to change their mode of instructions to the perspective of training an invisible learner. The developers have to be knowledgeable of the new tools; managers learn new management skills and the employees have no physical classes but learning on their desks. The approach can face resistance and is up to the company to involve everyone in the relevance of the implementation and mentally prepare them for the changes that will take place, the training process and give them the opportunities to present their opinions. The management should give feedback to the employees and carry out a survey to determine their reactions.

Choosing the right topic, with all the enthusiasm organizations can change all the training programs to e-learning without checking whether it is operational or not and if the objectives are not met they have to review the whole process. In organizations with many employees, the training methodology should match with the strategic plans considering long and short term plans. The product training, ethics training, safety training, software training, diversity training and soft skills training should align with the organizational goals. The topic chosen should be relevant, and the training gauged if it is skill-based or topic-based to bring the right impact.

Sourcing content, choosing the right content for the topic selected is a challenge to many organizations. The content like training manuals and materials may be available but how to classify them and convert them into e-learning is also an issue. The content chosen must deliver according to the expectations. Content can be generic which consists of topics like ethics training or specific content which is related to the business. The content must be of high quality and convenient to learners and match with your delivery infrastructure (Naidoo, 2016). (E-learning Applications in Business and Learning Institutions)

Conclusion

E-learning as a computer-based program has come with it many advantages and benefits both to the business sector and the education industry. The learning process in both organization’s training and institutions has been made flexible, cost-effective, and interactive through the different platforms supported by e-learning. 92% of the higher education establishments in the US have put in e-learning in their system, and it has lead to a positive growth of distance education. The employees and students can access information and attend lesson online through forums and discussions, online courses. However amid all the benefits e-learning resistance from those who do not see the benefit and opt to cling to the traditional methods of learning and training. (E-learning Applications in Business and Learning Institutions)

References

DeLone, Walker., and McLean, Richard. The DeLone and McLean Model of Information Systems Success: A Ten Year Update. Kalamazoo, Mich: W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research, 2008. Print.
Hernández, Jorge E. Decision Support Systems Ii Recent Developments Applied to Dss Network Environments: Euro Working Group Workshop, Ewg-Dss 2012, Liverpool, Uk, April 12-13, 2012, and Vilnius, Lithuania, July 8-11, 2012, Revised Selected and Extended Papers. , 2013. Print
Naidoo, V. (2016). Challenges Facing E-Learning. Multiculturalism and Technology-Enhanced Language Learning, 271. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/312027548_Multiculturalism_and_Technology-Enhanced_Language_Learning
Shee, D. Y., & Wang, Y. S. (2008). Multi-criteria evaluation of the web-based e-learning system: A methodology based on learner satisfaction and its applications. Computers & Education, 50(3), 894-905.
Sun, P. C., Tsai, R. J., Finger, G., Chen, Y. Y., & Yeh, D. (2008). What drives a successful e-Learning? An empirical investigation of the critical factors influencing learner satisfaction. Computers & education, 50(4), 1183-1202.
Thorne, Kaye and David Mackey. Everything You Ever Needed to Know About Training. London: Kogan Page, 2007. Print.

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Educational benefits of E-learning

March 3, 2024/in Assignment Help, Assignment Help Nursing, BLOG, Homework Help, Nursing Exam Help, Nursing Paper Help, Psychology assignment help, Response 1: Parent-child relationship Impact on Romantic Relationships, Solved Nursing Essays /by Aimee Grace

Educational benefits of E-learning

Research question: What are the benefits of E-learning to student and educational institutions?

Educational benefits of E-learning

Working thesis

E-learning has been of much importance as an aid to studying to both the students and educational facilities. It helps change the personal progress of students and also adjusts to students, strengths, and weaknesses. It is always available anywhere and anytime when the need arises this motivates the students making them more engaged and interactive. Some E-learning facilities offer students with real-life facts, hence making them obtain knowledge rather than memorizing the content and also increases their confidence. Educational institutions can provide learning materials at any time apart from class hours. Library services are also made online which reduces congestion during critical periods such, as exam time. (Educational benefits of E-learning: What are the benefits of E-learning to student and educational institutions?)

Al‐Qahtani, Awadh AY, and Steven E. Higgins. “Effects of traditional, blended and e‐learning on students’ achievement in higher education.” Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 29.3 (2013): 220-234.

The authors try to compare traditional, blended and e-learning educational systems and their benefits to students and learning institutions. It includes the benefits of distant education which were indicated in (Al-Dabbassi, 2002 and Ismail, 2003). E-learning is always chosen as the best options in a vast of education styles considering its benefits and advantages which are also included in this book. As an aid to the research, the information from this book will help realize the different benefits of applying e-learning in the world of education.

Anderson, Terry. The theory and practice of online learning. Athabasca University Press, 2008.

Anderson tries to show the operation and philosophies behind e-learning and involves different experiments in laboratories.(Anderson, 92) He says that the technologies that existed and the one emerging about e-learning have the profound influence in the education system and those who feel the change mostly are the teaching professionals. The e-learning program has changed the designing and delivery of courses and programs. The author says that different professional have credited e-learning in that it has brought effective response and accelerated global competition in the education system ( Daniel, 2000). From this book, the research will involve questions like, has e-learning delivered as expected?

Arkorful, Valentina, and Nelly Abaidoo. “The Role of E-learning, the Advantages and Disadvantages of Its Adoption in Higher Education.” International Journal of Education and Research 2.12 (2014): 397-410. Web.

The author considers the world as a complex place with a lot of emerging issues that were not there some years back. One of the major transformation is the importance of education and the realization that it is an essential factor in addressing society and life issues. By making people literate and knowledgeable. The role, importance and the shortcomings of introducing the e-learning program into the education world are addressed in this paper.

Bernsteiner, Reinhard, Herwig Ostermann, and Roland Staudinger. “Facilitating e-learning with social software: Attitudes and usage from the student’s point of view.” International Journal of Web-Based Learning and Teaching Technologies (IJWLTT) 3.3 (2008): 16- 33.

Reinhard explores how social software tools can be used in supporting learning innovations, and the overall designing of instructions to create an academic self-organized learning. It involves how weblogs, discussion forums, and wikis can be used in the learning context. It also includes results of the importance of the social software tools in learning from the students’ views and conclusion that the tools are critical in transforming learning. (Educational benefits of E-learning: What are the benefits of E-learning to student and educational institutions?)

Beetham, Helen, and Rhona Sharpe. Rethinking pedagogy for a digital age: Designing for 21st- century learning. Routledge, 2013.

The article focuses on how technology has enhanced learning in high education, how technology has been designed to an active learning environment, it has analyzed how involved and complex learning environments have been explored and made simple, the challenge facing teachers in the development and the tools to guide them practice. In the research information above is important in creating a simple to understand e-learning environment.

Donnelly, Roisin, and Fiona McSweeney. Applied E-Learning and E-Teaching in Higher Education. Hershey, Pa: Information Science Reference, 2009. Print.

The books focus on the technological advancements that have to occur over the past few years the increase in demand for digital learning such as the use of the web. E-learning and E-teaching have been applied in the education system and created an interactive environment making the teachers and students realize how important it is to integrate the technology in a classroom. In my research, I will try to find how every classroom or hall can be equipped with virtual machines and tools that will be used in the online writing, examples are video players.

Ellis, Robert, and Peter Goodyear. Students’ experiences of e-learning in higher education: the ecology of sustainable innovation. Routledge, 2013.

Ellis tries to show the self-correcting mechanisms which are related to the virtual and e- learning; the different benefits student get in high education institutions that apply this mode of learning. He tries to compare students from other agencies that do not provide these social arrays of e-learning and those that have this facility, the disadvantages, and benefits. It is critical to the research since for me to identify the benefits of e-learning I must consider institutions with no virtual tools of study. Considering that some institution are not capable of applying the online learning, the article will help in finding the different methods that can be used to make sure that all learning institutions enjoy the benefits of virtual tools.

John, Gurmak Singh, John O’Donoghue, and Harvey Worton. “A Study Into The Effects Of Elearning On Higher Education.” Journal of University Teaching and Learning Practice (2014): n. pag. Web.

The article explores how the internet has been used by the society not only to acquire knowledge and information, but it has also been used to reconstruct the high education system particularly in the field of interaction and to obtain the reading materials. The utilization of the internet to initiate learning processes has created high hopes both in the business and the high education sectors. Through the research, information from the article will aid in making the internet more resourceful in the e-learning system.

Lee, Ming-Chi. “Explaining and predicting users’ continuance intention toward e-learning: extension of the expectation–confirmation model.” Computers & Education 54.2 (2010): 506-516.

Lee explores how the e-learning system has been deployed at different levels of education and afterward the e-learning system is no longer used. He states that it is common for many institutions to initially accept the system though have no long term intentions of using the system. The paper contains theories and models that can be used to predict the intension of using e-learning in future. They are predictions that mostly reflect the attitude and normal behavior and constructs implications at the end of the forecast. From the book, the ability to forecast the willingness of different institution to continue using e-learning will be helpful in realizing what factors to input in order to make the system more durable.

McPherson, Maggie, and Miguel Baptista Nunes. “Organisational issues for e-learning: Critical success factors as identified by HE practitioners.” International Journal of Educational Management 20.7 (2006): 542-558.

Maggie’s paper focuses on critical success factors for e-learning introduction in the high education system, and it is a part of a report on a project. The importance of e-learning in the field of decision making and the strategy implementation are seen in this paper. It also focuses on essential elements that need to be looked into to make the process more useful. Across the project, information from this source will help realize how useful e-learning in making the education more successful and making better strategies for the development of the education center.

Njenga, James Kariuki, and Louis Cyril Henry Fourie. “The myths about e‐learning in higher education.” British journal of educational technology 41.2 (2010): 199-212.

The paper focuses on the myths that are related to the e-learning development and terms e-learning aspect as techno positives. In the journal e-learning introduction to the high education is seen be driven by those who want to benefit from this exercise and have personal agendas and they continuously create the enthusiasm. There are little time and chance given to the education system to look at the advantages and disadvantages of the e-learning. The disadvantages gotten in this section will aid the project where different means of combating dangers of e-learning will be identified. (Educational benefits of E-learning: What are the benefits of E-learning to student and educational institutions?)

Paechter, Manuela, Brigitte Maier, and Daniel Macher. “Students’ expectations of, experiences in e-learning: Their relation to learning achievements and course satisfaction.” Computers & Education 54.1 (2010): 222-229.

This book focuses on education technological advancement within the past decade, many details on distant education and e-learning and which may be used as a methodology for decision making. It gives more information on emerging trends in distant education specialization and convergence. Distance education as explained in this book is when students study on their own at any place of choice with no contact with a teacher and therefore technology is critical explaining why e-learning is important in distant education especially the use of the Internet and World Wide Web. Online forums enabled by e-learning, allows discussion and reflection at different time and place making learning efficient. Through the research, the content in this book will aid in identifying the problems in education before e-learning and its benefits after. (Educational benefits of E-learning: What are the benefits of E-learning to student and educational institutions?)

Salmon, Gilly. “Flying not flapping: a strategic framework for e-learning and pedagogical innovation in higher education institutions.” ALT-J 13.3 (2005): 201-218

Salmon views e-learning that is extra ordinary since it was born but now it has created many changes in different systems, and it is itself still undergoing changes It has improved the learning and teaching system and has promoted sustainable innovations. This paper shows attempts on how possible it is to use sophisticated strategies to bring new stage of development of e-learning in various universities. The author says that introducing e-learning in the education system was like a transition from flapping to actual flying. He quotes, “E-learning is a complicated process and involves personal and institutional changes above technological provisions (Zentel et al., 2004)”. From this article, I will include in the research the transformations that can be introduced in the e- learning program to make it more beneficial. (Educational benefits of E-learning: What are the benefits of E-learning to student and educational institutions?)

Sharpe, Rhona, and Greg Benfield. “The Student Experience of E-learning in Higher Education: A Review of the Literature.” Brooks EJournal of Learning and Teaching 1.3 (2005): n.

The paper involves a discussion on the experience of using e-learning to see the areas that are worth future investigations. It covers common themes from the experience of using the virtual tools and come with the results of this exposure. Mostly, it concentrates on emotional experience and if the e-learning has been of aid in time management. This is an important aspect of the project, learning from experience helps make something better

Wagner, Nicole L., Khaled Hassanein, and Milena M. Head. “Who is responsible for e-learning success in higher education? A stakeholders’ analysis.” Educational Technology & Society 11.3 (2008): 26-36.

The paper focuses on the high need for distant education, and these many high education institutions are striving to apply the e-learning method. An institution may be encouraged to adopt e-learning due to different reasons discussed in this paper. However, some systems have failed to input e-learning, and the factors were causing success or failure of the implementation are widely addressed in this article. this is beneficial to the project since the factors that I will require to make e-learning a well operating system and with less failures are discussed in the paper (Educational benefits of E-learning: What are the benefits of E-learning to student and educational institutions?)

Where I got my sources

The internet, most of the article and books I got from the internet Google scholar. Some journals I obtained from the libraries like the journal about students experience on e-learning was from Jomo Kenyatta university library. The book about open learning and distant education, I googled one of the British E-library. Other articles are PDF papers obtained from personal and organizational sources like www.ijern.com/journal/2014/…/34. ,and “cas.msu.edu/…/E-learning-White-Paper_…” By Jennifer Olson Michigan state university and “jutlp.uow.edu.au/…/ pdf/odonoghue_003. …” by Gurmak Singh university of Wolverhampton. (Educational benefits of E-learning: What are the benefits of E-learning to student and educational institutions?)

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Business ethics and principals

March 3, 2024/in Assignment Help, Assignment Help Nursing, BLOG, Homework Help, Nursing Exam Help, Nursing Paper Help, Psychology assignment help, Solved Nursing Essays /by Aimee Grace

Business Ethics and Principals

Driving on the internet express

The internet has made the world a village by interconnecting different people in various places of the world. People can share information and obtain resources without necessaries having to travel from one location to another. The internet has come with its advantages and disadvantages which have widespread effects on the world communities although the dangers of the internet are relative. I support Markkula’s idea of licensing the use the use of the internet to control the harmful effects it causes. Whether idea will work or not work is upon the universal acceptance considering that morality is taken as relative. Some of the issues such as; terror, pornographic movies, internet addiction, hacking, and many others are considered immoral. There exists a universal moral code of doing well acceptable by everyone to make the world a peaceful and livable place. The ability to control immorality by making sure every user has a license will be an objective standard that will help break the moral relativism that has hindered the creation of order in the society. According to the moral code, it is wrong to kill and steal but considering these activities are also enabled by the internet then there must be a way to control its use. Everyone needing access to the internet has to be issued a license through the required protocols like minimum age and purpose. The license just a driver’s license should be maintained and retained for the continuous use of the internet. (Business ethics and principals)

The process of licensing the internet will be difficult since the world is made of different cultures that make morality relative. What is considered wrong in one culture is not necessarily the same in another culture since this moral concept is universal but relative applications across different fields. Those who kill through terror attack believe they are right according to religious backgrounds and may not support the idea. The idea should lie on the neutral ground in that it does not condemn anybody’s culture. The idea tries to bring progress in morality, but those who believe in moral relativism and ethical nihilism also think that moral progress impossibility. For the moral code to proceed there must be set standards and rules in using the different resource like the internet. The idea may be successful since a large world’s population follows a similar invocation of moral and ethical code that keeps them moving. (Business ethics and principals)

Dewey’s prescription for success

Every in charge of a post in an organization tries their best to see that the company is successful coming up with steps and ideas that will increase the company’s revenue. Considering a model for leadership, a leader can span boundaries, bold in decision making, different complexities and diversity enrich them, always sees an organization in a broad context considering the social, environmental and legal issues in any business environment and understand the reality of any choice made. Every business venture has the primary goal of making the profit, and it involves research into the market for any possible niche. Dewey, the deputy president of marketing in his research, finds out that a pharmaceutical company from Brazil into the US but needs a vehicle to enable them to access the local consumer market. The idea is very attracting and profitable, but since it will be across the company’s borders, then it poses a risk of breaking different laws like the Food and Drug Act. (Business ethics and principals)

According to me, a leader being a risk taker, resilient and reaching out, Dewy should try executing the idea. There is the concept of sustainability above legality since laws are made by upon the bureaucracy which is very slow to adapt to different innovation projects. A lot of legislation were written before the actual development of technology. However since the business ventures have to abide by the law and environmental, ethical issues, I would consider the introduction of informatics into the idea to prevent the process being so manual. Although it is a challenge to the IT to do the right thing and achieve the required outcomes and at the same time be responsible to different ethical business practices. (Business ethics and principals)

Dewey suffers different ethical problems considering the major business principals of Integrity, Performance, and Responsibility he has to abide by. Any business has to work with honesty diligence and adhere to the applicable laws, promote positive cultural performance by measuring personal accountability and development and remain responsible for every action committed. However, apart from the laws applicable, it is worth looking for the necessary acceptance from the legal department, like licenses or any court permission to be able to enter into such a business venture which seems of much benefit to the advertisement company and Dewey’s career future. (Business ethics and principals)

References

Berger, M., Wagner, T. H., & Baker, L. C. (2005). Internet use and stigmatized illness. Social science & medicine, 61(8), 1821-1827. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0277953605001206

Eynon, R., Fry, J., & Schroeder, R. (2008). The ethics of internet research (pp. 23-41). Sage: London.

Karim, N. S. A., Zamzuri, N. H. A., & Nor, Y. M. (2009). Exploring the relationship between Internet ethics in university students and the big five model of personality. Computers & Education, 53(1), 86-93.

Cold, C., & Allergy, B. (2012). Guidance for industry. Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER).

Crane, A., & Matten, D. (2016). Business ethics: Managing corporate citizenship and sustainability in the age of globalization. Oxford University Press.

Kobrin, S. J. (2009). Private political authority and public responsibility: Transnational politics, transnational firms, and human rights. Business Ethics Quarterly, 19(03), 349-374.

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Nursing Paper Example on Chagas Disease: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Patient Education

March 3, 2024/in Assignment Help, Assignment Help Nursing, BLOG, Homework Help, Nursing Exam Help, Nursing Paper Help, Psychology assignment help, Solved Nursing Essays /by Aimee Grace

Nursing Paper Example on Chagas Disease: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Patient Education

Chagas disease, or American trypanosomiasis, is a stealthy menace haunting tropical and subtropical regions. Discovered by Brazilian physician Carlos Chagas in 1909, this neglected tropical disease is caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. Despite its widespread prevalence, Chagas disease often eludes recognition, silently wreaking havoc on millions worldwide. Understanding its causes, signs and symptoms, etiology, pathophysiology, DSM-5 diagnosis, treatment regimens, and patient education is vital for combating its spread and alleviating its burden. From the humble beginnings of its discovery to the present-day challenges it poses to global health, unraveling the intricacies of Chagas disease is crucial in fostering awareness, enhancing surveillance, and ultimately, championing effective control measures against this formidable foe. (Nursing Paper Example on Chagas Disease: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Patient Education)

Nursing Paper Example on Chagas Disease: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Patient Education

Causes

Chagas disease, also known as American trypanosomiasis, is caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. This parasite is primarily transmitted to humans and other mammals through the feces of infected triatomine bugs, also known as “kissing bugs.” These bugs are prevalent in rural areas of Latin America, where poor housing conditions facilitate their proliferation. The transmission cycle begins when an infected triatomine bug feeds on the blood of a human or animal host. During feeding, the bug defecates near the site of the bite, releasing Trypanosoma cruzi parasites in its feces. The parasite then enters the host’s bloodstream through mucous membranes or breaks in the skin, initiating infection. Other modes of transmission include congenital transmission from mother to child, organ transplantation, and blood transfusion. Additionally, oral transmission can occur through the ingestion of contaminated food or beverages, particularly in endemic regions where triatomine bugs may contaminate fruits, juices, or other food items. Once inside the host, Trypanosoma cruzi undergoes complex developmental stages, including trypomastigotes, amastigotes, and epimastigotes, adapting to various environments within the host’s tissues. The parasite primarily targets cardiac muscle cells, smooth muscle cells in the gastrointestinal tract, and neurons in the nervous system, leading to the diverse clinical manifestations of Chagas disease. Understanding the intricate interplay between the parasite, the vector, and the host is crucial for devising effective control strategies aimed at interrupting the transmission cycle and preventing the spread of Chagas disease. Through targeted interventions focused on vector control, improved housing conditions, and public health education, we can work towards reducing the burden of this neglected tropical disease and protecting vulnerable populations from its devastating effects. (Nursing Paper Example on Chagas Disease: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Patient Education)

Signs and Symptoms

Chagas disease manifests through a spectrum of signs and symptoms, reflecting its dynamic progression from acute to chronic stages. In the acute phase, which typically lasts for weeks to months after initial infection, individuals may experience a myriad of nonspecific symptoms, including fever, fatigue, body aches, rash, diarrhea, and vomiting. However, it’s important to note that the majority of cases during this phase are asymptomatic, further complicating early detection and intervention efforts.

As the disease transitions into the chronic phase, which may unfold over years or even decades, the clinical picture evolves to encompass more severe and potentially life-threatening manifestations. Cardiac involvement, characterized by cardiomyopathy, arrhythmias, and heart failure, represents a hallmark of chronic Chagas disease, affecting up to 30% of infected individuals. These cardiac complications can manifest as palpitations, chest pain, shortness of breath, and peripheral edema, significantly impairing quality of life and increasing mortality risk.

Additionally, Chagas disease can precipitate gastrointestinal complications, primarily affecting the esophagus and colon. Megacolon, characterized by dilatation and hypomotility of the colon, can lead to symptoms such as constipation, abdominal distention, and fecal impaction. Similarly, megaesophagus, marked by esophageal dilatation and dysmotility, may present with dysphagia, regurgitation, and recurrent aspirations.

Beyond the cardiovascular and gastrointestinal domains, Chagas disease can also affect the nervous system, giving rise to neurologic manifestations such as peripheral neuropathy, meningoencephalitis, and stroke-like syndromes. These neurological complications, though less common than cardiac and gastrointestinal involvement, can contribute to significant morbidity and disability in affected individuals.

Overall, the signs and symptoms of Chagas disease encompass a diverse array of clinical presentations, spanning multiple organ systems and evolving. Early recognition and timely intervention are paramount in mitigating disease progression, preventing complications, and improving outcomes for those afflicted by this insidious parasitic infection. (Nursing Paper Example on Chagas Disease: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Patient Education)

Etiology

The etiology of Chagas disease is intricately intertwined with the life cycle of its causative agent, Trypanosoma cruzi, and the ecological dynamics of its vector, the triatomine bug. Trypanosoma cruzi, a protozoan parasite belonging to the Trypanosomatidae family, undergoes a complex developmental journey within the triatomine bug, also known as the “kissing bug” due to its biting behavior around the mouth and eyes. These bugs serve as vectors, transmitting the parasite to humans and other mammals through their feces during blood meals.

The transmission cycle begins when an infected triatomine bug feeds on the blood of a human or animal host. During feeding, the bug excretes feces containing Trypanosoma cruzi near the bite wound. The parasite then enters the host’s bloodstream through mucous membranes or breaks in the skin, initiating infection.

Once inside the host, Trypanosoma cruzi undergoes several developmental stages, including trypomastigotes, amastigotes, and epimastigotes, each adapted to specific environments within the host’s tissues. The parasite primarily targets cardiac muscle cells, smooth muscle cells in the gastrointestinal tract, and neurons in the nervous system, leading to the diverse clinical manifestations of Chagas disease.

The ecological and environmental factors play a crucial role in shaping the epidemiology of Chagas disease. Poor housing conditions, inadequate sanitation, and proximity to natural habitats favored by triatomine bugs contribute to the persistence of transmission cycles in endemic regions of Latin America. Additionally, human activities such as deforestation and urbanization can alter the distribution and abundance of triatomine bugs, further influencing the risk of Chagas disease transmission.

Understanding the complex interplay between the parasite, the vector, and the host is essential for devising effective control strategies aimed at interrupting the transmission cycle and preventing the spread of Chagas disease. By targeting key ecological and environmental determinants, alongside implementing vector control measures and promoting community-based interventions, we can strive towards reducing the burden of this neglected tropical disease and safeguarding the health of vulnerable populations. (Nursing Paper Example on Chagas Disease: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Patient Education)

Pathophysiology

The pathophysiology of Chagas disease is characterized by a cascade of events triggered by the invasion and persistence of Trypanosoma cruzi within the host’s tissues. Upon entry into the bloodstream, the parasite targets various organs and systems, including the heart, gastrointestinal tract, and nervous system, leading to progressive tissue damage and dysfunction.

In the acute phase of infection, Trypanosoma cruzi proliferates rapidly at the site of inoculation before disseminating throughout the host’s body. During this phase, the immune response plays a crucial role in controlling parasite replication and limiting tissue invasion. However, in some cases, the parasite manages to evade immune surveillance, establishing chronic infection.

As the disease progresses to the chronic phase, the ongoing presence of Trypanosoma cruzi triggers a persistent inflammatory response, leading to chronic myocarditis and cardiomyopathy. The parasite directly invades cardiac muscle cells, causing cellular damage and fibrosis, which impairs myocardial contractility and contributes to the development of cardiac complications such as arrhythmias, heart failure, and thromboembolic events.

In addition to cardiac involvement, Chagas disease can also affect the gastrointestinal tract, leading to disorders such as megaesophagus and megacolon. Trypanosoma cruzi invades the smooth muscle cells of the esophagus and colon, disrupting peristalsis and causing dilatation of these organs. This dysmotility results in symptoms such as dysphagia, regurgitation, constipation, and abdominal distention, significantly impacting the patient’s quality of life.

Furthermore, the parasite can infiltrate the nervous system, leading to neurologic manifestations such as peripheral neuropathy, meningoencephalitis, and stroke-like syndromes. Neuronal damage and inflammation contribute to the development of neurological deficits, including sensory and motor impairments, cognitive dysfunction, and autonomic disturbances.

Overall, the pathophysiology of Chagas disease is multifaceted, involving a complex interplay between the parasite, host immune response, and tissue-specific damage mechanisms. Understanding these underlying processes is essential for developing targeted therapeutic interventions and mitigating the long-term complications associated with this chronic parasitic infection. (Nursing Paper Example on Chagas Disease: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Patient Education)

DSM-5 Diagnosis

Diagnosing Chagas disease relies on a combination of clinical evaluation, laboratory testing, and imaging studies, guided by established diagnostic criteria outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5). The DSM-5 criteria provide a standardized framework for the identification and classification of mental disorders, including Chagas disease-related neurocognitive disorders.

The diagnosis of Chagas disease begins with a thorough medical history and physical examination to assess for risk factors, symptoms, and potential exposure to the parasite. Clinical suspicion may be heightened in individuals with a history of residence or travel to endemic regions, as well as those presenting with cardiac, gastrointestinal, or neurological symptoms consistent with Chagas disease.

Laboratory testing plays a pivotal role in confirming the diagnosis of Chagas disease, with serological assays serving as the mainstay of diagnostic evaluation. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and indirect immunofluorescence assays (IFA) are commonly employed to detect specific antibodies against Trypanosoma cruzi in the patient’s blood serum. Positive serological results, indicative of past or current infection, are essential for establishing the diagnosis of Chagas disease.

In cases where the acute phase of infection is suspected, direct parasitological methods such as blood smear examination or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing may be utilized to detect the presence of Trypanosoma cruzi parasites in the patient’s blood. However, these methods are less sensitive and specific compared to serological assays, particularly during the chronic phase of infection.

Imaging studies, including electrocardiography (ECG) and echocardiography, may be employed to assess cardiac involvement and monitor disease progression in individuals with Chagas disease-related cardiomyopathy. These modalities enable the detection of cardiac abnormalities such as arrhythmias, conduction disturbances, ventricular dilatation, and systolic dysfunction, aiding in risk stratification and treatment planning.

In summary, the DSM-5 diagnosis of Chagas disease entails a comprehensive approach encompassing clinical evaluation, serological testing, and imaging studies to confirm the presence of Trypanosoma cruzi infection and assess its clinical manifestations. Early diagnosis and intervention are crucial for improving outcomes and reducing the burden of Chagas disease-related morbidity and mortality. (Nursing Paper Example on Chagas Disease: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Patient Education)

Treatment Regimens and Patient Education

Treatment of Chagas disease focuses on two main goals: eradicating the parasite and managing complications associated with chronic infection. Pharmacological therapy with antiparasitic medications, such as benznidazole or nifurtimox, represents the cornerstone of treatment, particularly in the acute and early chronic phases of the disease. These medications work by inhibiting the replication of Trypanosoma cruzi, thereby reducing parasite burden and preventing disease progression. However, it’s essential to note that treatment efficacy may vary depending on the stage of infection and individual factors such as age, comorbidities, and drug tolerability.

In addition to antiparasitic therapy, symptomatic management plays a crucial role in addressing complications related to Chagas disease, particularly cardiac and gastrointestinal manifestations. Patients with Chagas disease-related cardiomyopathy may require treatment with medications such as beta-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, diuretics, and antiarrhythmic agents to manage heart failure, arrhythmias, and other cardiovascular symptoms. Similarly, individuals with gastrointestinal complications, such as megaesophagus or megacolon, may benefit from dietary modifications, prokinetic agents, laxatives, and surgical interventions to alleviate symptoms and improve gastrointestinal motility.

Patient education is paramount in the management of Chagas disease, empowering individuals with the knowledge and skills needed to prevent transmission, recognize early symptoms, and adhere to treatment regimens. Health education initiatives should emphasize the importance of vector control measures, such as improving housing conditions, using insecticide-treated bed nets, and avoiding outdoor sleeping areas to reduce exposure to triatomine bugs. Furthermore, promoting awareness about the potential risks of congenital transmission and blood transfusion-related transmission can help prevent secondary cases of Chagas disease in at-risk populations.

Moreover, educating patients about the importance of seeking timely medical evaluation and adhering to prescribed treatment regimens is essential for optimizing treatment outcomes and preventing disease progression. Patients should be counseled on the potential side effects and adverse reactions associated with antiparasitic medications, as well as strategies to manage these symptoms effectively. Additionally, healthcare providers should address the psychosocial aspects of Chagas disease, providing emotional support and connecting patients with relevant resources and support groups to cope with the challenges of living with a chronic, stigmatized condition.

A comprehensive approach to the management of Chagas disease encompasses pharmacological therapy, symptomatic management, and patient education. By integrating these components into clinical practice and public health initiatives, we can improve outcomes for individuals affected by Chagas disease and mitigate its impact on communities worldwide. (Nursing Paper Example on Chagas Disease: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Patient Education)