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Week 5 Discussion Post: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

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Week 5 Discussion Post: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Comparing Group, Family, And Individual Settings

(Week 5 Discussion Post: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Comparing Group, Family, And Individual Settings)

How the use of CBT in groups compares to its use in family or individual settings

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a psychosocial treatment that improves impaired thinking and behavior patterns. CBT treats various mental health diseases, including depression, anxiety disorders, alcohol and substance use, eating disorders, and marital issues. According to Guo et al. (2021), CBT significantly improves functioning and quality of life by helping individuals identify and acknowledge thinking and behavior distortions, understand behaviors and motivations better, learn problem-solving skills to address the distortions, and bolster confidence in their abilities. CBT is applicable in individual, group, and family settings. (Week 5 Discussion Post: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Comparing Group, Family, And Individual Settings)

Cognitive-behavioral group therapy is a group approach adopting behavioral, cognitive, relational, and group strategies and procedures to improve the coping skills of group members and enhance the relational and interpersonal issues that participants are experiencing. CBT in group settings involves a practitioner or various practitioners offering therapy to several individuals with common goals and issues and seeking mutual reinforcement. The practitioner is responsible for guiding and managing group processes, including setting engagement rules, setting expectations, objectives, and icebreakers, managing interpersonal dynamics, and ensuring the success of group CBT (Guo et al., 2021). Managing interpersonal dynamics is imperative to successful group processes because group members differ in personalities, attitudes, goals, characters, and perceptions. These differences can be a barrier to a successful group or an opportunity to learn from each other. Per Guo et al. (2021), compared to individual CBT, group CBT is more effective in treating conditions like anxiety and drug and alcohol abuse because it enhances opportunities for mutual support, normalization, positive peer modeling, exposure to different situations and perceptions, and reinforcement. (Week 5 Discussion Post: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Comparing Group, Family, And Individual Settings)

CBT in family settings involves a practitioner or practitioners providing psychotherapy to family members designed to improve family dynamics and relationship building. When applied in family settings, CBT evaluates interactional dynamics in the family and their contribution to family functioning and dysfunction (Pagsberg et al., 2022). The therapist engages family members to highlight problems in emotions, beliefs, and behavioral exchanges and how they can be addressed to improve interaction and family dynamics. Cognitive behavioral therapy is often applied in individual settings involving a practitioner working with a single patient. CBT for individuals focuses on personal development and is appreciated by those seeking interaction at a personal level and a high degree of attention (Guo et al., 2021). The therapist works with the client on their personal goals, and the client’s needs and preferences guide decision-making and patient care. The practitioners select an approach that best suits the client and contributes to personal development. The treatment plan is tailored to the client’s needs and depends on what strategies are effective in different situations. Guo et al. (2021) compared individual CBT to group CBT and found that individual CBT expands opportunities for treatment individualizations and addressing a client’s specific needs. It is also more effective for conditions like avoidant behavior and conduct disorder. (Week 5 Discussion Post: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Comparing Group, Family, And Individual Settings)

Week 5 Discussion Post: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Comparing Group, Family, And Individual Settings

Challenges PMHNPs might encounter when using CBT in group settings

Implementing CBT in group settings can be challenging, particularly due to individual differences and conflicting goals and needs. Common problems include the emergence of sub-groups attributed to individual differences like race and ethnicity and high dropout rates when individuals feel their needs are not adequately addressed, or the process is no longer beneficial (Rasmussen et al., 2021). People with a desire for individual attention can be problematic in group settings. It is also unsuitable for persons with social anxiety or fear of shame and humiliation despite it being used in some cases to improve social skills and self-confidence by encouraging social interactions and the development of interpersonal skills. (Week 5 Discussion Post: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Comparing Group, Family, And Individual Settings)

Why Sources are Scholarly

Selected sources to support the discussion include Rasmussen et al. (2021), Guo et al. (2021), and Pagsberg et al. (2022). These sources are peer-reviewed and scholarly and obtained from the PubMed database. Authors have the background knowledge to address the discussion topic, and they are affiliated with professional and academic institutions, including the Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark, Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen University Hospital – Mental Health Services CPH, Gentofte Hospitalsvej 3A, 1. sal, 2900 Hellerup, Copenhagen, Denmark, and Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway. These attributes give the authors authority to research the topic and make the sources scholarly. (Week 5 Discussion Post: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Comparing Group, Family, And Individual Settings)

References

Guo, T., Su, J., Hu, J., Aalberg, M., Zhu, Y., Teng, T., & Zhou, X. (2021). Individual vs. Group Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Anxiety Disorder in Children and Adolescents: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Frontiers in psychiatry, 12, 674267. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.674267

Pagsberg, A. K., Uhre, C., Uhre, V., Pretzmann, L., Christensen, S. H., Thoustrup, C., Clemmesen, I., Gudmandsen, A. A., Korsbjerg, N. L. J., Mora-Jensen, A. C., Ritter, M., Thorsen, E. D., Halberg, K. S. V., Bugge, B., Staal, N., Ingstrup, H. K., Moltke, B. B., Kloster, A. M., Zoega, P. J., Mikkelsen, M. S., … Plessen, K. J. (2022). Family-based cognitive behavioural therapy versus family-based relaxation therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder in children and adolescents: protocol for a randomised clinical trial (the TECTO trial). BMC psychiatry, 22(1), 204. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-021-03669-2

Rasmussen, L. P., Patras, J., Handegård, B. H., Neumer, S. P., Martinsen, K. D., Adolfsen, F., Sund, A. M., & Martinussen, M. (2021). Evaluating Delivery of a CBT-Based Group Intervention for Schoolchildren With Emotional Problems: Examining the Reliability and Applicability of a Video-Based Adherence and Competence Measure. Frontiers in psychology, 12, 702565. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.702565

 
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Week 4 Discussion: Cognitive techniques and behavioral technique – Answered

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Discussion: Cognitive techniques and behavioral techniques – Answered

Describe two cognitive techniques and two behavioral techniques. In what types of situations would you choose each? Two scholarly sources and references are required. Initial Post relevance to the topic of discussion, applicability, and insight. Quality of Written Communication Appropriateness of audience and word choice is specific, purposeful, dynamic, and varied.   Grammar, spelling, punctuation. Inclusion of APNA standards essentials explored in the discussion as     well as the role-specific competencies as applicable(Use articles that are below 5 years) (Week 4 Discussion: Cognitive techniques and behavioral technique – Answered).

Answer

Cognitive and Behavioral Techniques in Therapy

Cognitive Techniques

  1. Cognitive RestructuringCognitive restructuring involves identifying and challenging irrational or maladaptive thoughts and replacing them with more rational, adaptive ones. This technique is particularly useful in treating cognitive distortions such as catastrophizing, overgeneralization, or black-and-white thinking. For instance, a person with generalized anxiety disorder might use cognitive restructuring to reframe thoughts of imminent disaster into more balanced and realistic thoughts, reducing overall anxiety (Beck, 2011). This technique is beneficial in situations where individuals experience negative thinking patterns that contribute to emotional distress.
  2. Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT)MBCT combines cognitive behavioral techniques with mindfulness strategies to help individuals become more aware of their thoughts and feelings and to develop a non-reactive attitude towards them. This technique is effective in preventing the recurrence of depression and managing stress. For example, individuals who have recovered from major depressive episodes might use MBCT to recognize and disengage from early signs of depression, thus preventing relapse (Kabat-Zinn, 2013). MBCT is suitable for situations where there is a need to manage chronic emotional conditions and enhance overall emotional regulation.

Behavioral Techniques

  1. Exposure TherapyExposure therapy involves gradually and systematically exposing individuals to feared objects or situations to reduce anxiety and avoidance behaviors. This technique is widely used in treating phobias, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). For example, a person with a fear of flying might undergo gradual exposure to flight-related stimuli, starting with looking at pictures of airplanes and progressing to actual flight experiences. This method helps in reducing fear responses through repeated and controlled exposure (Craske & Barlow, 2007). Exposure therapy is most appropriate for treating specific phobias and anxiety disorders.
  2. Behavioral ActivationBehavioral activation focuses on increasing engagement in rewarding and meaningful activities to counteract depression and improve mood. This technique is effective in treating depression by encouraging individuals to participate in activities that align with their values and interests, thereby reducing withdrawal and inactivity. For instance, a person experiencing depressive symptoms might be encouraged to schedule and engage in activities they previously enjoyed, such as social interactions or hobbies. This approach is beneficial in addressing symptoms of depression and enhancing overall functioning (Dimidjian et al., 2006). Behavioral activation is particularly useful in situations where individuals exhibit low motivation and decreased activity levels due to depression (Week 4 Discussion: Cognitive techniques and behavioral technique – Answered).

References

  • Beck, J. S. (2011). Cognitive Behavior Therapy: Basics and Beyond (2nd ed.). Guilford Press.
  • Craske, M. G., & Barlow, D. H. (2007). Mastering your anxiety and panic: Workbook (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press.
  • Dimidjian, S., Barrera, M., Martell, C., Munoz, R. F., & Lewinsohn, P. M. (2006). The origins and current status of behavioral activation treatments for depression. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 2, 261-285. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.2.022305.095259
  • Kabat-Zinn, J. (2013). Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy: Principles and Practice. Guilford Press.
 
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